Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have garnered increasing interest, particularly from nuclear-armed states. AI, which includes technologies like machine learning and deep learning, is being explored for integration into military systems. But how feasible is this leap from potential to reality?

Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) explored this topic in a recent SIPRI Background Paper entitled, Nuclear Weapons and Artificial Intelligence: Technological Promises and Practical Realities. In the paper, the author discusses how AI promises to enhance nuclear deterrence systems, such as missile early warning, intelligence, and nuclear command and control. However, the journey is far from straightforward. One major challenge is the unreliability of current AI outputs. AI systems, especially those utilizing complex models like deep learning, can sometimes produce inaccurate results, a critical flaw in the context of nuclear weaponry where precision is key.

Furthermore, the paper claims that issues such as limited access to high-quality data, cybersecurity threats, and the significant amount of required computational resources are hindering the integration of AI into the nuclear domain. While certain countries, like the U.S. and China, are heavily investing in AI, smaller nuclear states may struggle with the economic and logistical burdens associated with AI development.

As we stand at the intersection of nuclear technology and AI, the key question remains: Can AI truly enhance global security, or does it introduce new risks? With further research and cautious implementation, AI might eventually contribute to strategic stability. But for now, the integration of AI in the nuclear realm remains a technological promise with considerable practical challenges.

For more information, check out the HSDL In Focus topics on Artificial Intelligence and Nuclear Weapons.