As the world continues to recover from the COVID-19 pandemic, experts wonder if we are prepared for the next biological catastrophe. What if the next biocatastrophe is deadlier, more transmissible, or spread with purposeful and malicious intent?

In addition to such concerns, a new variable appears to be on track to cross paths with biotechnology and biosecurity: artificial intelligence (AI). A report from the Center for a New American Security (CNAS), AI and the Evolution of Biological National Security Risks: Capabilities, Thresholds, and Interventions, explores how the intersection of advancements in artificial intelligence and biotechnology may result in catastrophic biosecurity risks.

The report looks at how AI could hasten the acquisition of biological agents by nonstate or bad actors as well as aid in the weaponization of such agents. The report also examines some key areas where AI advancement could have the most significant impact on biosecurity: AI’s ability to provide experimental instructions for advanced biological applications, cloud labs and automation that could circumvent the need for specialized biotechnology knowledge, and dual-use research in both host genetic susceptibilities to diseases and viral pathogen engineering. The report also warns of harmful outcomes resulting from international competition in AI and biotech advancements that prioritize speed over safety.

The authors offer recommendations for strong biosecurity measures that would allow experts and policy makers to stay ahead of risks and biocatastrophes that may arise as the AI and biotechnology industries advance and intersect.

For more information on this topic, read a related CNAS report, Catalyzing Crisis: A Primer on Artificial Intelligence, Catastrophes, and National Security or check out the HSDL In Focus topics on Artificial Intelligence, Cyber Threat Actors, Biodefense, and Pandemics and Epidemics.