From the thesis: "This thesis explored the evolution of New Jersey's approach to homeland security, a topic yet unexplored in depth. The thesis aims to answer the research question: 'What explains the evolution of New Jersey's approach to homeland security?' This research employed a case study, followed by a comprehensive analysis, yielding findings, conclusions, and recommendations. The analysis found the evolution of New Jersey's homeland security approach was influenced by five key factors: its geographical location, diverse population, national events, resource availability, and key actors, leading to the development of an adaptive and resilient approach to homeland security. The study's findings and recommendations highlight the significance of adaptive policymaking, interagency collaboration, appropriate resource allocation, leveraging of geographical and demographic attributes, enhancement of counterintelligence, and the fostering of community engagement, suggesting further research into the long-term effectiveness of these strategies and the importance of continuous learning in the face of evolving threats."