From the Document: "During the last decade (FY2014, FY2018, and FY2019), there have been several periods when appropriations for significant portions of federal agencies and programs lapsed without immediate new budgetary authority. As a result, some federal employees were temporarily furloughed. These 'shutdown furloughs' happen when a federal government agency or program lacks budget authority and experiences a 'funding gap' under the Antideficiency Act (31 U.S.C. §§1341 et seq.). In general, a funding gap requires that these agencies and programs cease operations, except in certain circumstances when continued activities are authorized by law. A funding gap that affects one or more federal entities is often referred to as a government shutdown. Most recently, FY2019 appropriations lapsed for many agencies and programs beginning December 22, 2018, until funding resumed late in the day on January 25, 2019. This FY2019 lapse led to a partial government shutdown. As a result, agencies without funding furloughed many federal employees, and many federal employees excepted from furlough were working without pay during this 35-day period."