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LLIS Lesson Learned: Mass Evacuations: Determining the Impact of Tourist Populations on Evacuation and Shelter Planning
"On May 27, 2010, the Virginia Department of Emergency Management conducted a tabletop exercise (TTX) in Hampton, Virginia, that evaluated citizen evacuation and shelter-in-place and mass care capabilities. The scenario consisted of a Category 3 hurricane expected to make landfall in the Hampton Roads area, resulting in an estimated 10 inches of rainfall and a potential storm surge of 13 feet. Nearly 100 participants from federal, state, and local organizations participated in the TTX. During the TTX, participants discussed the impact of key tourist destinations on evacuation and sheltering decisions. The participants noted that there were no plans or guidelines to assist decision-makers with determining how the populations at key tourist destinations would impact local preparedness and evacuation plans. The after-action report (AAR) recommended that emergency managers meet with local tourist destination leaders to discuss possible evacuation scenarios and to ensure that emergency evacuation and response plans align with the local jurisdiction's emergency operations plan. The AAR also suggested that emergency managers collect data on the potential impact of tourist populations on local shelters and evacuation routes."
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
2011-01-07
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Mass Evacuation Planning Guide for Major Events: NASCAR Pilot [SUPERSEDED]
SUPERSEDED: For current guidance, please refer to "Evacuation Planning Guide for Stadiums" [https://www.dhs.gov/publication/evacuation-planning-guides]. The Mass Evacuation Planning Guide for Major Events: NASCAR Pilot "is developed and provided at the recommendation of the Department of Homeland Security and by invitation from the Director of Security, National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR). This document is a guide of a mass evacuation plan template for NASCAR sanctioned facilities, developed through a DHS/NASCAR coordinated effort. It is recognized that there are fundamentals that are standardized and common to all evacuation plans. However evacuation plans should be uniquely customized and scaled by each NASCAR sanctioned facility. It is necessary that all Motorsports facilities develop mass evacuation plans that take into account all the nuances of their communities and are best suited for each specific Motorsports facility. Although there are common fundamentals for safety and security that transcend all facilities, it is recognized that every facility, its surrounding environment and city is unique in its challenges. This document is to be considered an ongoing dialogue in an effort to 'raise the safety and security bar' and to provide recommendations through this NASCAR mass evacuation plan template."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2008-01-03
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LLIS Best Practice -- Mass Evacuation Reception Planning: Overview of Planning Issues After a Nuclear Incident
"A nuclear incident in an urban area would likely cause a spontaneous mass evacuation. Jurisdictions adjacent to the urban area would become critical evacuation routes or destinations for residents of the affected area after a nuclear incident. A spontaneous mass evacuation could quickly overwhelm local emergency response agencies in most adjacent jurisdictions. Pre-incident planning can help jurisdictions adjacent to urban areas prepare for, respond to, and recover from the consequences of an unanticipated population surge after a nuclear incident. This overview document is part of the Mass Evacuation Reception Planning Best Practice series. This Best Practice series supports the pre-planning processes of jurisdictions by providing information on the effects that jurisdictions adjacent to a nuclear incident area will likely experience in the first hours or days following an incident. These Best Practices describe the major issues that emergency managers and responders may face when managing a spontaneous mass exodus from an urban environment. This series builds upon the principles of mass evacuation planning for natural hazards, particularly related to incident management, transportation, and mass care. Finally, this series is based on a terrorist detonation of an improvised nuclear device or nuclear device up to 10 kiloton (KT) yield."
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
2011-02
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Mass Evacuation Incident Annex 2008
"The Mass Evacuation Incident Annex to the National Response Framework (NRF) provides an overview of mass evacuation functions, agency roles and responsibilities, and overall guidelines for the integration of Federal, State, tribal, and local support in the evacuation of large numbers of people in incidents requiring a coordinated Federal response."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2008-06
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LLIS Lesson Learned: Mass Evacuation: Developing a Contraflow Plan
"Mass evacuations can create significant traffic congestion in the outbound lanes of major evacuation routes. Transportation engineers and law enforcement personnel should consider developing contraflow plans for major limited-access evacuation routes."
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
2006-12-29?
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Mass Evacuation Transportation Model: User Manual
This Mass Evacuation Transportation Model estimates the time required to evacuate patients from healthcare facilities and transport them to receiving facilities. The model considers the transportation requirements of different types of patients and the availability of ambulances, wheelchair vans, and buses; the location of evacuating and receiving facilities; and the surge capacity of receiving facilities.
United States. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
2008-08-01?
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Mass Evacuation Transportation Planning Model [archive]
This website contains a mass evacuation transportation planning model. "This model estimates the time required to evacuate patients in healthcare facilities and transport them to receiving facilities. To begin, click the 'New Scenario' button. Then fill out the data elements on the Scenario Input Page, including the characteristics of the vehicles used, characteristics of the evacuating and receiving hospitals, and other factors that affect travel time."
United States. Department of Health and Human Services
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Mass Evacuation Transportation Model: Description
This document describes the Mass Evacuation Transportation Model, which estimates the time required to evacuate patients from healthcare facilities, and reports on how the model was pilot tested in New York City and Los Angeles.
United States. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
2008-08
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Mass Evacuations: Planning for Sports Venues
This report discusses collaboration between public safety agencies and stadium officials in Spain. From the text: "On December 12, 2004, the stadium Santiago Bernabeu in Madrid was evacuated because of a bomb threat. Police and stadium security personnel implemented the stadium's emergency mass evacuation plan for the first time. In eight minutes, more than 70,000 people left the premises without incident. The Basque newspaper 'Gara' received an anonymous phone call at 7:55 pm announcing that the terrorist organization Euzkadi ta Askatasuna (ETA) had placed a bomb in the Santiago Bernabeu set to detonate at 9:00 pm. At 8:15 pm, police officers notified the stadium's security chief and General Director of the Spanish police Victor Garcia Hidalgo, who was in the stadium watching the game. Garcia Hidalgo established an emergency crisis group at the site and consulted with the Minister of the Interior and police and security officers."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2005
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LLIS Best Practice: Mass Evacuation Reception Planning: Resource Management Issues after a Nuclear Incident
"A nuclear incident in an urban area would likely cause a spontaneous mass evacuation from the incident area and its surrounding areas. Jurisdictions adjacent to the nuclear incident would become critical evacuation routes or destinations for the urban area's residents. As a result, receiving jurisdictions could experience a significant population surge after a nuclear incident in an urban area. This surge could quickly deplete the critical assets and resources of the receiving jurisdictions and overwhelm local emergency personnel before significant Federal and State assistance could arrive."
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
2012?
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Mass Evacuations: Filling Gaps in Available Shelters
"Jurisdictions planning for mass evacuations must ensure that sufficient shelter spaces exist to house potential evacuees. Designated evacuees and other persons who self-evacuate create great demand for shelter spaces. Jurisdictions should survey existing schools, universities, and other publicly owned buildings for potential use as shelters."
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
2004-11-19?
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LLIS Lesson Learned: Mass Evacuation: Triage Units at Embarkation Points
"During mass evacuations, a triage unit can be located at embarkation areas to ensure all evacuees are moved to the appropriate shelter quickly and efficiently."
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS); United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
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LLIS Lesson Learned: Mass Evacuation Planning: Developing a Coordinated Public Information Campaign
"Jurisdictions within a region should consider collaborating with localities to develop and deliver public messaging about mass evacuations during large-scale incidents. An integrated regional approach can help ensure timely and consistent messaging during incidents."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
2011-01-13
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LLIS.gov Mass Evacuation Resources Info Sheet
This one-page info sheet provides information about mass evacuation resources on LLIS.gov.
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
2011-12-16?
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Mass Evacuation: Using Portable, Programmable Signs to Direct Evacuees
Major storms such as hurricanes can force mass evacuations that strain transportation networks. Jurisdictions in hurricane-prone areas should acquire and employ portable, programmable signs that direct evacuees and replace destroyed signage.
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
2004-11-19?
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LLIS Lesson Learned: Mass Evacuation: Providing Muzzles and Pet Carriers at Evacuation Hubs
"State and local jurisdictions should collaborate with private sector or pet advocacy organizations to provide muzzles and pet carriers at evacuation hubs. This can help facilitate the swift and safe evacuation of residents and their pets."
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS); United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
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LLIS Lesson Learned: Mass Evacuation: Planning for the Evacuation of Special Needs Populations
"Emergency managers should develop clear, concise plans that address the evacuation of their special needs populations in the event of an incident."
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
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LLIS Lesson Learned: Mass Evacuation Planning: Clearing Evacuation Routes
"State departments of transportation (DOT) should consider conducting periodic reviews of infrastructure improvements to assess their impact on evacuation routes. State DOT personnel should coordinate with emergency operations centers (EOC) to confirm that all construction disrupting these routes has been halted and that all barriers are promptly removed during an emergency."
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS); United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
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Mass Evacuation: Lifting Tolls During a Mandatory Evacuation
"A local- or state-ordered evacuation will require that tolls on major evacuation routes be lifted to facilitate the flow of traffic and avoid severe traffic jams. States should implement plans that will allow for the automatic lifting of tolls on evacuation routes following a localor state-ordered evacuation."
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
2004-12-21?
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Mass Evacuation: Using Regular Public Bus Routes to Evacuate Residents without Personal Transportation
Emergency managers should consider using regularly scheduled public bus routes to evacuate residents without access to personal transportation. This can help ensure that residents are transported to designated evacuation staging areas in an efficient and timely manner.
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
2007-04-06?
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LLIS Practice Note: Mass Evacuation: Harris County, Texas, Office of Homeland Security and Emergency Management's Zip Code-Based Evacuation Plan
"The Harris County, Texas, Office of Homeland Security and Emergency Management (HCOHSEM) developed a zip code-based evacuation plan. The plan clarified evacuation protocols for Harris County residents and helped reduce evacuation time by half. […] On September 20, 2005, Texas officials ordered the evacuation of 3 million residents in Chambers, Galveston, Harris, and Matagorda counties in response to the approach of Hurricane Rita. Prior to landfall, HCOHSEM implemented a staggered evacuation and collaborated with the media to inform the public of the evacuation. HCOHSEM provided the media with information and evacuation maps that used three colors but were not zip code-based. However, television stations could not display the maps clearly, which left many residents confused about whether they were in an evacuation zone. To clarify this issue, HCOHSEM used Interstates 10 and 45 and other roads as reference points to specify evacuation areas, but residents still had difficulties determining when to evacuate. Evacuees encountered heavy traffic congestion and experienced unprecedented delays on routes to Austin, Dallas, and San Antonio. Many drivers attempted to avoid the traffic by taking detours, but some became lost or were stranded on roads when Hurricane Rita approached the coastline."
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
2009-10-02
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LLIS Practice Note: Mass Evacuation: Georgia Emergency Management Agency's Evacuation and Reentry Branch
The Georgia Emergency Management Agency has established a field-based Evacuation and Reentry Branch (ERB) of the State Operations Center to coordinate coastal evacuation and reentry operations. The ERB allows representatives from key state and private sector entities to focus solely on evacuation issues, to more easily coordinate with evacuating communities, and to maintain better situational awareness of field conditions.
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
2007-06-08?
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LLIS Practice Note: Mass Evacuation: The Harris County, Texas, Office of Homeland Security and Emergency Management's Interactive Hurricane Evacuation Map
"Harris County, Texas, Office of Homeland Security and Emergency Management (HCOHSEM) developed an interactive hurricane evacuation map that can be accessed through its department Web site. This interactive map enhances Harris County residents' access to critical hurricane evacuation information."
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
2010-07-30
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Mass Evacuation: South Carolina Highway Patrol's Evacuation Traffic Control Point Staffing Meetings
The South Carolina Highway Patrol holds annual meetings with state and local law enforcement agencies in each South Carolina coastal county to confirm staffing responsibilities for evacuation traffic control points and to update the traffic control plan in response to new developments.
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS); United States. Department of Homeland Security
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Planning and Preparing for Mass Evacuations, 2009 National Conference on Community Preparedness: The Power of Citizen Corps
This document is a compilation from the 2009 National Conference on Community Preparedness. This document contains statistics relating to the principle causes of large scale evacuations in the United States from 1990-2003. Additionally, it lists publications that are available from the Federal Highway Administration.
United States. Federal Highway Administration
2009-08-10
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LLIS Lesson Learned: Mass Evacuation: Using Multiple Contraflow Loading Points
Taken from the Summary: "Single loading points for contraflow lanes may create traffic bottlenecks, particularly when jurisdictions use complex traffic-control schemes. Transportation engineers and law enforcement personnel should consider establishing multiple contraflow loading points to relieve traffic congestion and to facilitate the full use of contraflow lanes."
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
2006-11-29?
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LLIS Best Practice: Mass Evacuation Reception Planning: Influx of Evacuees and Transportation Issues after a Nuclear Incident
"This Best Practice provides planners with information on the consequences of an unplanned influx of evacuees for jurisdictions adjacent to the nuclear incident area. This Best Practice also includes an overview of transportation networks' disruption and its consequences for receiving jurisdictions adjacent to an urban area after a nuclear incident."
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
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LLIS Practice Note: Mass Evacuation: Virginia Department of Transportation's Installation of Hurricane Gates
"The Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) has installed hurricane gates to close ramps along the contraflow lanes of Interstate 64 (I-64) during a contraflow evacuation of the Hampton Roads area. […] The new hurricane gates will replace Type III barricades during ramp closures. Blocking a ramp with hurricane gates does not require VDOT to mobilize flatbed trucks and entire crews, so using the gates will reduce the time needed to prepare I-64 for contraflow. VDOT planners estimate that maintenance personnel will now be able to close those ramps in only 1 to 2 hours on a weekend. However, VDOT still plans to use Type III barricades to close the ends of these ramps that adjoin the secondary routes since gates were only installed on the interstate-adjacent ends of these ramps."
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
2006-11-10?
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Mass Evacuation: Dare County, North Carolina's Outreach through Real Estate Agents
"Dare County Emergency Management has partnered with the Outer Banks Association of Realtors to inform new property owners of their eligibility to receive evacuation reentry permits."
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
2006-10-27?
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Mass Evacuation: Virginia Department of Transportation's Use of a Collector/Distributor Road as a Service Area Location
"The Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT), the Virginia State Police, and the Virginia National Guard will manage an emergency service area at a collector/distributor road along Interstate 64 (I-64) during a contraflow evacuation of the Hampton Roads area. This service area will allow motorists on the contraflow side of I-64 to access emergency restrooms, fuel, and water and then to reenter the contraflow lanes."
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
2006-11-17?
