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Presidential Directive 62: Modifications in U.S. National Strategy
"I [President Carter] set fourth U.S. National Strategy in 1977 in Presidential Directive/NSC-18. It remains our strategy, but in light of increased projection of Soviet power which threatens U.S. vital interests in the Persian Gulf region, it has become necessary through a series of individual directives to modify emphasis and priority in the strategy. This Directive will elaborate and codify our progress in building a security framework for the Persian Gulf."
United States. White House Office
1981-01-15
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Executive Order 12260: Agreement on Government Procurement
"The obligations of the Agreement on Government Procurement (Agreement on Government Procurement, General Agreement on tariffs and Trade, 12 April 1979, Geneva (GATT 1979)) apply to any procurement of eligible products by the Executive agencies listed in the Annex to this Order (eligible products are defined in Section 308 of the Trade Agreements Act of 1979; 19 U.S.C. 2518(4)). Such procurement shall be in accord with the policies and procedures of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy (41 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). The United States Trade Representative, hereinafter referred to as the Trade Representative, shall be responsible for interpretation of the Agreement. The Trade Representative shall seek the advice of the inter-agency organization established under Section 242(a) of the Trade expansion Act of 1962 (19 U.S.C. 1872(a)) and consult with affected Executive agencies, including the Office of Federal Procurement Policy."
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Carter, Jimmy, 1924-
1980-12-31
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Executive Order 12208: Consultations on the Admission of Refugees
"To the Secretary of State and the Attorney General, or either of them, the functions of initiating and carrying out appropriate consultations with members of the Committees on the Judiciary of the Senate and of the House of Representatives for purposes of Sections 101(a)(42)(B) and 207 (a), (b), (d), and (e) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as amended (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(42)[B) and 1157 (a), (b), (d), and [e)). (b) To the United States Coordinator for Refugee Affairs, the functions of reporting and carrying on periodic discussions under section 207(d)[l) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as amended. (a) The functions vested in the United States Coordinator for Refugee Affairs by Section 1-lOl(b) of this Order shall be carried out in consultation with the Secretary of State, the Attorney General, and the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare. (b) The United States Coordinator shall notify the Committees on the Judiciary of the Senate and of the House of Representatives that the Secretary of State and the Attorney General, or either of them, wish to consult for the purposes of Section 207 (a), (b), or (d) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as amended. The United States Coordinator for Refugee Affairs shall, in accord with his responsibilities under Section 301 of the Refugee Act of 1980 (8 U.S.C. 1525), prepare for those Committees the information required by 207(e) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as amended."
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Carter, Jimmy, 1924-
1980-04-15
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Presidential Directive 55: Intelligence Special Access Programs: Establishment of the APEX Program
In this Directive, President Carter approves the "establishment of the APEX program, a single special access system to protect particularly sensitive intelligence sources and methods. APEX conforms with Executive Order 12065 and will be implemented for the National Security Council by the Director of Central Intelligence as the Council's Executive Agent. The National Security Council will be the Forum for any appeals arising during implementation of the APEX program. The APEX program will control the nature, attributable collected information, and operational details of the most sensitive intelligence sources and methods, as determined by the Director of Central Intelligence. Uniform security standards established by the Director of Central Intelligence will govern access to, distribution of, and protection of intelligence sources and methods, subject to any specific statutory requirements applicable to any department or agency."
United States. White House Office
1980-01-10
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Executive Order 12188: International Trade Functions
"Except as may be otherwise expressly provided by law, the United States Trade Representative (hereinafter referred to as the 'Trade Representative') shall be chief representative of the United States for: (1) all activities of, or under the auspices of, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade; (21 discussions, meetings, and negotiations in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development when trade or commodity issues are the primary issues under consideration; (3) negotiations in the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and other multilateral institutions when trade or commodity issues are the primary issues under consideration; (4) other bilateral or multilateral negotiations when trade, including East-West trade, or commodities is the primary issue under consideration."
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Carter, Jimmy, 1924-
1980-01-02
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Executive Order 12171: Exclusions from the Federal Labor-Management Relations Program
"The agencies or subdivisions thereof set forth in Section 1-2 of this Order are hereby determined to have as a primary function intelligence, counterintelligence, investigative, or national security work. It is also hereby determined that Chapter 71 of Title 5 of the United States Code cannot be applied to those agencies or subdivisions in a manner consistent with national security requirements and considerations. The agencies or subdivisions thereof set forth in Section 1-2 of this Order are hereby excluded from coverage under Chapter 71 of Title 5 of the United States Code. Having determined that it is necessary in the interest of national security, the provisions of Chapter 71 of Title 5 of the United States Code are suspended with respect to any agency, installation, or activity listed in Section 1-3 of this Order."
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Carter, Jimmy, 1924-
1979-11-19
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Executive Order 12160: Providing for Enhancement and Coordination of Federal Consumer Programs
Executive Order 12160 established the Consumer Affairs Council in order to improve the management, coordination, and effectiveness of agency consumer programs.
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Carter, Jimmy, 1924-
1979-09-26
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Presidential Directive 19: Electronic Surveillance and Physical Searches Conducted by the Department of Defense Outside the United States for Foreign Intelligence Purposes
In this Directive, President Carter amends "Presidential Directive/NSC-19 to include a delegation of power to military judges to authorize electronic surveillance and physical searches directed United States persons who are outside the United States. The military judges included in this delegation are those who are authorized by 10 U.S.C. section 826 to preside at general court-martial and who are designated by the Secretary of Defense to exercise this delegation of power. The Secretary of Defense may designate only military judges who are located outside the United States. Military judges may exercise this power only through issuance of warrants and only with respect to persons who are subject to the Uniform Code of Military Justice. 10 U.S.C. section 802, articles 2(1)-(10). Warrants my be issued only on a finding of probable cause that the United States person is an agent of a foreign power and only when necessary to obtain significant foreign intelligence or counterintelligence. Physical searches may entail unconsented entry into real or personal property but shall use the minimum intrusion necessary to obtain information. This amendment also empowers military judges to approve surreptitious and continuous monitoring as defined in Executive Order 12036 under the same terms applicable to electronic surveillance."
United States. White House Office
1979-08-24
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Executive Order 12148: Federal Emergency Management
This executive order transfers emergency functions to the Federal Emergency Management Agency. "All functions vested in the President that have been delegated or assigned to the Defense Civil Preparedness Agency, Department of Defense, are transferred or reassigned to the Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency. All functions vested in the President that have been delegated or assigned to the Federal Disaster Assistance Administration, Department of Housing and Urban Development, are transferred or reassigned to the Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, including any of those functions redelegated or reassigned to the Department of Commerce with respect to assistance to communities in the development of readiness plans for severe weather-related emergencies."
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Carter, Jimmy, 1924-
1979-07-20
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Executive Order 12146: Management of Federal Legal Resources
Executive Order 12146 establishes the Federal Legal Council. "There is hereby established the Federal Legal Council, which shall be composed of the Attorney General and the representatives of not more than 15 other agencies. The agency representative shall be designated by the head of the agency."
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Carter, Jimmy, 1924-
1979-07-18
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Executive Order 12139: Foreign Intelligence Electronic Surveillance
This executive order authorizes the Attorney General to approve electronic surveillance to acquire foreign intelligence information without a court order.
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Carter, Jimmy, 1924-
1979-05-23
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Executive Order 12127: Federal Emergency Management Agency
This executive order was enacted in order to provide for the orderly activation of the Federal Emergency Management Agency.
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Carter, Jimmy, 1924-
1979-03-31
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Executive Order 12088: Federal Compliance with Pollution Control Standards
"By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and statutes of the United States of America, including Section 22 of the Toxic Substances Control Act (15 U.S.C. 2621), Section 313 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended (33 U.S.C. 1323), Section 1447 of the Public Health Service Act, as amended by the Safe Drinking Water Act (42 U.S.C. 300j-6), Section 118 of the Clean Air Act, as amended (42 U.S.C. 7418(b)), Section 4 of the Noise Control Act of 1972 (42 U.S.C. 4903), Section 6001 of the Solid Waste Disposal Act, as amended (42 U.S.C. 6961), and Section 301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, and to ensure Federal compliance with applicable pollution control standards, it is hereby ordered as follows: 1-1. 'Applicability of Pollution Control Standards.' 1-101. The head of each Executive agency is responsible for ensuring that all necessary actions are taken for the prevention, control, and abatement of environmental pollution with respect to Federal facilities and activities under the control of the agency."
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Carter, Jimmy, 1924-
1978-10-13
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Presidential Directive 41: U.S. Civil Defense Policy
In this Directive, President Carter directs that "the U.S. Civil Defense Program seek to: -- Enhance deterrence and stability in conjunction with our strategic offensive and other strategic defensive forces. Civil defense, as an element of the strategic balance, should assist in maintaining perceptions of that balance favorable to the U.S. -- Reduce the possibility that the U.S. could be coerced in time of crisis. -- Provide some increase in the number of surviving population and for greater continuity of government, should deterrence and escalation control fail, in order to provide an improved basis for dealing with the crisis and carrying out eventual national recovery."
United States. White House Office
1978-09-29
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Executive Order 12065: National Security Information
"This executive order is intended to balance the public's interest in access to Government information with the need to protect certain national security information from disclosure. It addresses classification designation; classification authority; the limitations on delegation of classification authority; exceptional cases; duration of classification; the use of derivative classification; declassification authority; declassification policy; and downgrading. Executive Order No. 11652 of March 8, 1972, as amended by Esecutive Order No. 11711 of April 24, 1973, and as further amended by Esecutive Order No. 11862 of June 11, 1975, and the National Security Council Directive of May 17, 1972 (3 C.F.R. 1085 (1971-75 Comp.) ) are revoked."
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Carter, Jimmy, 1924-
1978-06-28
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Executive Order 12046: Relating to the Transfer of Telecommunications Functions
This executive order provides for the transfer of certain telecommunications functions to different agencies.
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Carter, Jimmy, 1924-
1978-03-27
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Executive Order 12038: Department of Energy, Relating to Certain Functions Transferred to the Secretary of Energy by the Department of Energy Organizations Act
This executive order outlines the functions of the Federal Energy Administration, Federal Power Commission, Secretary of the Interior, Atomic Energy Commission, and Energy Research and Development Administration.
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Carter, Jimmy, 1924-
1978-02-03
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Presidential Directive 28: United States Policy on Chemical Warfare Program and Bacteriological/Biological Research Program
In this Directive, President Carter directs that "the term Chemical and Biological Warfare (CBW) will no longer be used. The reference should be to the two categories separately " The Chemical Warfare Program and the Biological research Program."
United States. White House Office
1978-01-25
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Executive Order 12036: United States Foreign Intelligence Activities
This executive order details reforms and reorganization within the United States intelligence community. This order supersedes Executive Order 11905, Executive Order 11985, and Executive Order 11994.
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Carter, Jimmy, 1924-
1978-01-24
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Presidential Directive 18: U.S. National Strategy
"I [President Carter] have reviewed the PRM/NSC 10 conclusions and the discussion of the Special Coordination Committee. It is clear that in the foreseeable future, US-Soviet relations will continue to be characterized by both competition and cooperation, with the attendant risk of conflict as well as the opportunity for stabilizing US- Soviet relations. In that competition, military aspects aside, the United States continues to enjoy a number of critical advantages: it has a more creative technological and economic system, its political structure can adapt more easily to popular demands and relies on freely given support, and it is supported internationally by allies and friends who genuinely share similar aspirations. In contrast, though successfully acquiring military power matching that of the United States, the Soviet Union continues to face major internal economic and national difficulties, and externally it has a few genuinely committed allies while lately suffering setbacks in its relations with China, parts of Africa, and India."
United States. White House Office
1977-08-24
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Presidential Directive 17: Reorganization of the Intelligence Community
In this Directive, President Carter directs that "the National Security Council will continue to act as the highest organizational entity that provides guidance and direction to the development and formulation of national intelligence activities. To this end, the Policy Review Committee [PRC], chaired by the DCI and to include the Secretary of State, Secretary of Defense, Secretary of the Treasury, the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs and other attendees as deemed appropriate by chairman, will meet as an intelligence requirements committee. The primary function of the PRC intelligence requirement meetings will be to define and prioritize substantive intelligence requirements and evaluate analytical product performance. The PRC will submit semiannual reports to the NSC on its activities."
United States. White House Office
1977-08-04
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Executive Order 12002: Administration of the Export Administration Act of 1969, As Amended
"The Export Administration Review Board, hereinafter referred to as the Board, which was established by Executive Order No. 11533 of June 4, 1970, as amended, is hereby continued. The Board shall continue to have as members the Secretary of Commerce, who shall be Chairman of the Board, the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Defense, and the Chairman of the East-West Foreign Trade Board (Section 7 of Executive Order No. 11846, as amended). No alternate Board members shall be designated, but the acting head of any department may serve in lieu of the head of the concerned department. In the case of the East-West Foreign Trade Board, the Deputy Chairman or the Executive Secretary may serve in lieu of the Chairman. The Board may invite the heads of other United States Government departments or agencies, other than the agencies represented by Board members, to participate in the activities of the Board when matters of interest to such departments or agencies are under consideration."
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Carter, Jimmy, 1924-
1977-07-07
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Presidential Directive 15: Chemical Warfare
In this Directive, President Carter directs that "a United States delegation under the direction of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency should immediately initiate bilateral consultations with the United Kingdom, France, the Federal Republic of Germany and Japan, to be followed by negotiations with the Soviet Union on the subject of a comprehensive treaty to ban chemical warfare...The President has also directed that US chemical warfare forces be maintained without force improvement. This directive will be reviewed, beginning with the start of the FY 1980 budget cycle, on the basis of the progress made in arms limitation talks."
United States. White House Office
1977-06-16
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National Security Decision Memorandum 347: The Classification of Sensitive Nuclear Safeguards Information
In this Directive, President Ford "has reviewed the interagency study conducted pursuant to National Security Study Memorandum 216 and has determined that, owing to the potential consequences of loss or diversion of significant quantities of strategic nuclear material (plutonium, uranium-233, or uranium-235 enriched above 20%), or sabotage of any facility or activity involving such material, unauthorized disclosure by any person of certain information relating to the protection of such material, facilities or activities could reasonably be expected to cause some degree of damage to the national security. Consequently, the following information should be classified, when appropriate, under Executive Order 11652 and implementing directives of that order."
United States. White House Office
1977-01-20
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Executive Order 11965: Establishing the Humanitarian Service Medal
"By virtue of the authority vested in me as President of the United States of America, and as Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces, it is hereby ordered as follows: Section 1. There is hereby established a Humanitarian Service Medal with accompanying ribbons and appurtenances for award by the Secretary of Defense or the Secretary of Transportation with regard to the Coast Guard when not operating as a Service in the Navy. Individuals eligible for the medal are members of the Armed Forces of the United States (including Reserve Components) who, subsequent to April 1, 1975, distinguished themselves by meritorious participation in a military act or operation of a humanitarian nature. The Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Transportation for the Coast Guard will determine types of acts or operations that warrant award of the medal."
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006
1977-01-19
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Executive Order 11958: Administration of Arms Export Controls
This executive order delegates functions conferred upon the President by the Arms Export Control Act. Note that Executive Order No. 1101 as amended, is revoked, with exceptions.
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006
1977-01-18
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National Security Decision Memorandum 346: Security of U.S. Telecommunications
National Security Decision Memorandum 346 (NSDM 346) directs the following measures to address the vulnerability of telecommunications to foreign or domestic intercept resulting from the rapid growth in the use of microwave radion in the long distance telephone system: 1) rerouting of government communications from microwave to cable in Washington D.C., San Francisco and New York; 2) rerouting of lines of sensitive government contractors to cable; 3) development of electronic bulk scrambling techniques by the Department of Defense; and 4) implementation of a plan to use electronic scrambling techniques in three areas of Sovioet interception activity, and nationwide. The directive also establishes a joint NSC/Domestic Council Committee on the security of US Telecommunications.
United States. White House Office
1977-01-18
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National Security Decision Memorandum 340: U.S. Port Security Program
In National Security Decision Memorandum (NSDM) 340 President Ford "has approved the following statement of policy on U.S. port security, which supersedes National Security Decision Memorandum No. 82 dated September 1, 1970, and previous issuances of national security statements on this subject. 1) National security interests require that measures be taken for the protection of vessels, harbors, ports and waterfront facilities of the United States from threats of espionage, sabotage, intelligence collection operations directed against sensitive U.S. defense facilities from foreign vessels, and related subversive activities including the introduction into the United States of persons or materials in the pursuance of such activities. It is also in our national interests that entries of vessels of certain nations, as specified below, into U.S. ports be permitted only in reciprocity for the admission of U.S. vessels to ports of those countries or in reciprocity for other considerations."
United States. White House Office
1976-11-04
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Executive Order 11926: The Vice Presidential Service Badge
This Executive Order supersedes Executive Order 11544 from July 8, 1970 and describes the regulations surrounding the awarding and wear of the Vice Presidential Service Badge.
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006
1976-07-19
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Executive Order 11880: Designation of officers of the Department of Commerce to act as Secretary of Commerce
"During any period when, by reason of absence, disability or vacancy in office, both the Secretary of Commerce and the Deputy Secretary of Commerce are not available to exercise the powers or perform the duties of the Office of Secretary, an Assistant Secretary of Commerce, the General Counsel of the Department of Commerce, or an officer of the Department of Commerce appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate, in such order as the Secretary of Commerce may from time to time prescribe, shall act as Secretary. If no such order of succession is in effect at that time, an Assistant Secretary or the General Counsel shall act as Secretary in the order in which they shall have taken office as Assistant Secretaries or General Counsel."
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006
1975-10-02
