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Cybersecurity Toolkit to Protect Elections
From the webpage: "As the lead federal agency responsible for national election security [hyperlink], CISA [Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency]--through the Joint Cyber Defense Collaborative (JCDC) [hyperlink]--has compiled a 'toolkit of free services and tools' intended 'to help state and local government officials, election officials, and vendors' enhance the cybersecurity and cyber resilience of U.S. election infrastructure. This toolkit includes free tools, services, and resources provided by CISA, JCDC members, and others across the cybersecurity community."
United States. Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency
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Unmasking II: Childhood Lost: Key Findings - Lao PDR
From the Background: "To better understand the socio-economic impact of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] on the lives of vulnerable children in Asia, and to make evidence-based policy and programming decisions, World Vision conducted a Recovery Assessment in May 2020. The assessment found that the vulnerabilities experienced by children in Asia have been grossly heightened by COVID-19. Families had been experiencing devastating losses of livelihoods, which often led to limited access to food, essential medicines and basic healthcare. As the virus spread across the region and governments started taking drastic public health measures to protect their citizens, World Vision found that children were among the most affected by the severe consequences of lockdowns and major economic contraction' and scaled up its emergency response to include the 17 countries in the Asia Pacific. A year on, World Vision sought to again strengthen its understanding of the impacts facing some of the most vulnerable sections of Asian societies, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The resulting research, conducted over April, May, and June, sought to see what had changed, for who, over the time period. To better understand the socio-economic impact of COVID-19 on the lives of vulnerable children in Asia, and better inform the journey ahead, WV conducted studies in Lao PDR and other countries in the South Asia Pacific. This summary report is a subset from the main regional report, focusing on the key findings of the research in Lao PDR."
World Vision International
2021-09
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COVID-19 Vaccine Barrier Analysis Survey: Key Findings
From the Document: "Barrier Analysis (BA) is a rapid assessment (formative research) tool to identify behavioural determinants associated with a particular behaviour so that one can develop more effective barrier change messages and activities. This method is based on Health Belief Model (HBM) and Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). Those doing or accepting the behaviour '(Acceptors/Doers)' are compared with those who are not '(Non-Acceptors/Non-Doers)' so the most important behavioural determinants can be identified."
World Vision International
2021-04
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Conceptual Design for a Multiplayer Security Force Assistance Strategy Game
"The authors explain the conceptual underpinnings and basic rules for a RAND-designed security force assistance strategy game. The game is a tool to explore the potential benefits and risks of different security force assistance strategies under different conditions. The game engine draws on empirical evidence and best practices and, thus, can be applied in many contexts."
RAND Corporation
Bartels, Elizabeth M.; Chivvis, Christopher S.; Grissom, Adam . . .
2019
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Cuba: U.S. Policy Overview [Updated August 5, 2022]
From the Document: "Since the early 1960s, when the United States imposed a trade embargo on Cuba, the centerpiece of U.S. policy toward Cuba has consisted of economic sanctions aimed at isolating the Cuban government. [...] In May 2022, the Administration announced several Cuba policy changes aimed at increasing support for the Cuban people. The Administration increased immigrant visa processing at the U.S. Embassy in Havana and said it would reinstate the Cuban Family Reunification Parole (CFRP) program. It eased travel restrictions by reauthorizing scheduled and charter flights to cities beyond Havana and reinstating group people-to-people travel. It eased restrictions on sending cash remittances by eliminating the dollar and frequency limits for family remittances and reauthorizing donative remittances to Cuban nationals. The Administration also announced that it would increase support for independent Cuban entrepreneurs."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sullivan, Mark P.
2022-08-05
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COVID-19 Vaccination: Selected U.S. Data Sources [Updated August 1, 2022]
From the Document: "The sources below can help congressional staff track the progress of the U.S. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination campaign at the national, state, and local levels. Sources were selected for having commonly cited and frequently requested data. This list is not intended to be comprehensive. Because different resources use different methodologies, readers should check websites' notes and caveats, and use caution when comparing data. For help interpreting or analyzing these data, congressional staff should contact CRS [Congressional Research Service] (202-707-5700, or place an online request)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Cornell, Ada S.; Napili, Angela
2022-08-01
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FY2023 NDAA: Status of Legislative Activity [August 8, 2022]
From the Document: "By law ('31 U.S.C. [United States Code] §1105(a)'), the President is to send the federal budget request to Congress by the first Monday in February. In practice, Presidents sometimes send it later. On March 28, 2022, President Joseph R. Biden submitted the 'FY2023 budget request,' including proposed funding for the Department of Defense (DOD), nuclear weapons programs of the Department of Energy, and other national defense-related activities. The National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) typically sets policy and authorizes appropriations for the vast majority of these activities. This product provides the status of congressional activity on the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (FY2023 NDAA; H.R. 7900; S. 4543)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
McGarry, Brendan W.; Heitshusen, Valerie
2022-08-08
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Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs: FY2023 Budget and Appropriations [Updated August 5, 2022]
From the Document: "Each year, Congress considers 12 distinct appropriations measures to fund federal programs and activities. One of these is the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs (SFOPS) appropriations bill, which includes funding for U.S. diplomatic activities, cultural exchanges, development, security, humanitarian assistance, and participation in multilateral organizations, among other international activities. On March 28, 2022, the Biden Administration released its proposed FY2023 budget request, which called for $66.00 billion in new budget authority for SFOPS accounts ($65.94 billion after rescissions of prior year funding). [...] This report tracks SFOPS budget requests and appropriations, comparing funding levels for accounts and purposes. It does not provide extensive analysis of international affairs policy issues."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Morgenstern, Emily M.; Gill, Cory R.
2022-08-05
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Djibouti [Updated August 2, 2022]
From the Document: "The small, arid East African country of Djibouti is strategically located along one of the world's busiest shipping routes on the Bab el Mandeb Strait, which serves as the gateway from the Red Sea to the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean ('Figure 1'). Djibouti has become a hub for foreign militaries. It is home to U.S. Africa Command's Combined Joint Task Force-Horn of Africa (CJTF-HOA), based at Camp Lemonnier, the only enduring U.S. military installation in Africa. A former French colony, Djibouti also hosts a sizable French military presence and provides facilities for multinational antipiracy operations off Somalia's coast. Japan established its first post-World War II overseas military base there in 2011. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) opened a liaison office in Djibouti to enhance regional antipiracy efforts in 2015. China opened its first military base abroad there in 2017. Italy also maintains military facilities in the country."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Blanchard, Lauren Ploch
2022-08-02
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Biden Administration's Cuba Policy Changes [Updated August 11, 2022]
From the Document: "In May 2022, the Biden Administration announced several changes to U.S. policy [hyperlink] toward Cuba, with the overarching goal of increasing support for the Cuban people. The changes, which emanated from a policy review begun in 2021, fall into four broad areas--facilitating family reunification, expanding authorized travel, easing restrictions on remittances, and supporting Cuba's private sector. According to a State Department spokesperson, the changes will provide Cubans with 'additional tools to pursue life free from Cuban government oppression and to seek greater economic opportunities [hyperlink].' The Administration has begun implementing the policy changes through various steps and regulatory changes undertaken by relevant U.S. departments and agencies. Although the changes have involved easing some restrictions on travel and remittances, including amendments [hyperlink] to the Cuban Assets Control Regulations (CACR; 31 C.F.R. [Code of Federal Regulations] 515 [hyperlink]), the United States maintains comprehensive economic sanctions [hyperlink] on Cuba, including restrictions on transactions with entities on a 'Cuba Restricted List [hyperlink]' that are controlled by the Cuban military, intelligence, or security services. Administration officials assert that human rights [hyperlink] issues will remain at the center of U.S. policy toward Cuba. In the aftermath of the Cuban government's harsh response to government-wide protests in July 2021, the Administration imposed several rounds of targeted financial sanctions [hyperlink] and visa restrictions [hyperlink] on Cuban officials found to be responsible for the repression."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sullivan, Mark P.
2022-08-11
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National Summary of Statewide Communication Interoperability Plans (SCIPs)
From the Document: "The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Office of Emergency Communications (OEC) recognizes that technology plays a critical role in the achievement of communications interoperability; however, it remains equally important that the procedures and training emergency responders use are interoperable and compatible as well. Seamless communications interoperability will be achieved when emergency response officials can be deployed anywhere in the country, use his or her own radio to communicate with other responders, and use the compatible standard operating procedures (SOPs) he or she has been trained on in their respective jurisdictions. Statewide Communication Interoperability Plans (SCIPs) are a critical step in achieving communications interoperability not only within each State, but also across the country. The SCIP is a mechanism to align emergency responders at all levels in the State on a future vision for communications interoperability. Further, it serves as a roadmap for all agencies and jurisdictions in terms of the direction for moving forward and addressing communications interoperability issues at the State, regional, local, and tribal level. [...] This document also summarizes how the SCIPs currently have strategies that will align to the National Emergency Communications Plan (NECP). The NECP provides recommended initiatives to guide emergency response providers and relevant government officials in making measurable improvements in emergency communications capabilities. With the development and approval of all 56 SCIPs, the Nation has arrived at a crucial launching point for coordinating and improving statewide communications interoperability and planning efforts. This document presents the collective assessment of the current state of the Nation's emergency response interoperable communications and identifies initiatives to guide the Nation, States, localities, and tribes towards improved interoperable communications."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2009-02
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Interoperability Today Fall 2005, Volume Three
This edition of Interoperability Today contains the following articles: "Partnerships Prove Critical to Advancing National Interoperability"; "New Technologies for First Responders Highlighted at DHS/DOJ [Departments of Homeland Security/Departments of Justice] Conference"; "The Future is Now: Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Communications Advances Can Be as Important as Medical Advances When it Comes to Saving Lives"; "Spotlight On Mike Morgan"; "The Interoperability Continuum"; "Nevada and Kentucky Regional Communications Interoperability Pilots (RCIPs) Make Important Strides in Improving Interoperability Nationwide"; and "Updated Interoperability Requirements Help Industry Align with First Responders' Technology Needs".
United States. Department of Homeland Security. SAFECOM
2005
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Interoperability Today [Summer 2006]
From the Document: "Interoperability Today is published quarterly by the SAFECOM program at no cost to subscribers. Its mission is to provide the emergency responder community with information and updates regarding interoperability in emergency response communications, equipment, and training." This edition contains the following articles: "Interoperability No Gamble for Nevada"; "New Focus for Key Document"; "Public Safety Architecture Framework: Advancing Communications and Information Sharing"; "Raymond Hayling: Taking the Lead for Interoperability in New Jersey"; "Q&A with Raymond J. Hayling II"; "Breaking the Emergency Management Information Barrier"; "Initiating Responder/Industry Dialogue"; and "Police Chiefs and Interoperability: The IACP [International Association of Chiefs of Police] Conference".
United States. Department of Homeland Security. SAFECOM
2006
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Conventional Fixed Station Interface for Legacy Base Station Equipment Operational Field Assessment
From the Executive Summary: "On November 14, 2013, the Department of Homeland Security's National Urban Security Technology Laboratory, operated by the DHS Science and Technology Directorate, conducted an operational field assessment (OFA) of the Conventional Fixed Station Interface (CFSI) for Legacy Base Station equipment prototype, developed by Christine Wireless Inc. […] The CFSI is an aftermarket board that attaches to existing radio base station equipment to allow interconnectivity with new or different manufacturers' dispatch equipment. It is a communications interoperability solution based on the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) standard, TIA- 102.BAHA. At the OFA, the CFSI successfully connected legacy base station equipment with four different dispatch consoles for audio, data, control, and other functions, as well as with external equipment for testing additional features. Test requirements were derived from planning, design, and grant documents. The CFSI was tested against two different Motorola base radios and four different consoles. Fifteen different functional capabilities were tested per console. The CFSI performed remarkably well considering the various levels of compliance it needed to achieve with these devices. A few non-compliance issues were found, however. According to the subject matter experts at DOI, some of these non-compliance issues were with the console or the portable radio used for testing. After testing was able to identify some of the issues, the vendor was able to further troubleshoot them and provide solutions. In summary, the participating first responders reacted positively to the CFSI."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Science and Technology Directorate
Patel, Bhargav; Murtagh, Cecilia
2014-03
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Fact Sheet: RapidCom 9/30 and Interoperability Progress [July 30, 2004]
From the Document: "On July 22, 2004, President Bush formally announced RapidCom 9/30, a program that will enable America's first responders in ten urban areas to communicate with each other in the event of a large emergency incident like a terrorist attack. By September 30, 2004, a crisis communications capability will be in place in these ten high-threat urban areas to address the inability of emergency workers to communicate, a long-standing problem which contributed to the tragedy of September 11th."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Press Office
2004-07-30
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Overview of DHS SAFECOM Program and RapidComm Lesson Learned
Marilyn Praisner, Chair of the SAFECOM Executive Committee gives this presentation at the 2005 Technologies for Critical Incident Preparedness Conference in regards to SAFECOM lessons learned.
United States. Department of Homeland Security. SAFECOM
Praisner, Marilyn
2005-11-02
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Homeland Security Information Network to Expand Collaboration, Connectivity for States and Major Cities [February 24, 2004]
From the Document: "The Department of Homeland Security, as part of its Homeland Security Information Network initiative, is expanding its computer-based counterterrorism communications network to all 50 states, five territories, Washington, D.C., and 50 other major urban areas to strengthen its two-way flow of threat information. This communications system will deliver real-time interactive connectivity among state and local partners and with the DHS Homeland Security Operations Center (HSOC) through the Joint Regional Information Exchange System (JRIES). Other DHS agencies participate through seats at the HSOC and their own operations centers, and the system will be further expanded within DHS operations. Each state and major urban area's Homeland Security Advisor and other points of contact will receive software licenses, technology, and training to participate in the information sharing and situational awareness that JRIES already brings to state and local homeland security personnel across the United States. Examples of other points of participation include state National Guard offices, Emergency Operations Centers, and first responder and Public Safety departments."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Press Office
2004-02-24
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 3052, Cambodia Democracy and Human Rights Act of 2022
From the Bill Summary: "S. 3052 would require the President to impose sanctions on foreign persons he determines have undermined democracy in Cambodia, violated human rights, engaged in corruption, or supported the development of facilities in Cambodia that could be used by the Chinese military. That requirement would end after five years. The bill also would require the Administration to report to the Congress on those actions and on Chinese government and military activity in Cambodia."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-08-12
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Homeland Security First to Define Interoperability Requirements for Nation's First Responder Community [April 26, 2004]
In this press release, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Science and Technology Directorate announced the release of the first comprehensive Statement of Requirements (SoR) document outlining future technology requirements for public safety wireless communications and interoperability. The SoR can be found at www.safecomprogram.gov. The SoR, developed under the SAFECOM [National Public Safety Telecommunications Council] Program, marks the first time the 50,000 public safety agencies have a document that defines future requirements for communicating and sharing information -- as authorized, when and where needed, and in a manner that allows for the most effective use of that information.
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Press Office
2004-04-26
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Department of Homeland Security Implements Information Exchange System for G-8 Summit Events [May 28, 2004]
From the Document: "The U.S. Department of Homeland Security, as part of its Homeland Security Information Network (HSIN) initiative, announced today the implementation of its Internet-based counterterrorism communications system for use by homeland security officials, state and local leadership, and first responders during the G-8 Summit events at Sea Island, Georgia. The system will also be implemented for other upcoming National Security Special Events as well as in connecting states, territories, Washington, D.C., and 50 major urban areas to strengthen the exchange of information."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Press Office
2004-05-28
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Homeland Security Launches Expansion of Information Exchange System to States and Major Cities [February 24, 2004]
In this press release, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, as part of its Homeland Security Information Network initiative, announced the expansion of its computer-based counterterrorism communications system to all 50 states, five territories, Washington, D.C., and 50 major urban areas to strengthen its flow of threat information.
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Press Office
2004-02-24
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 8503, Securing Global Telecommunications Act
From the Document: "H.R. 8503 would establish a committee to advise the Department of State on digital technologies and telecommunications and would authorize the appropriation of $250,000 for that purpose. It also would require the department to provide the Congress a strategy to promote the use of secure telecommunications infrastructure worldwide. Lastly, the bill would require the department to report to the Congress on its collaboration with U.S. allies to promote secure infrastructure for information and communications technology and on Russian and Chinese influence at the International Telecommunication Union. Assuming appropriation of the specified amount and on the basis of information about the cost of similar strategies and reports, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing the bill would cost $1 million over the 2022-2027 period."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-08-12
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 6265, Countering Assad's Proliferation Trafficking and Garnering of Narcotics Act
From the Document: "H.R. 6265 would require several federal agencies, including the Departments of Defense and State, to provide to the Congress an interagency strategy to disrupt and dismantle drug production and trafficking networks linked to the regime of Bashar al-Assad in Syria. On the basis of information about similar requirements, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that providing the strategy required under the bill would cost less than $500,000 over the 2022-2027 period. Such spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-08-12
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 8215, Veterans Online Information and Cybersecurity Empowerment Act of 2022
From the Document: "H.R. 8215 would establish a program to improve cybersecurity and digital literacy among veterans. Under the bill, the Department of Veterans Affairs would make grants to nonprofit organizations and community-based groups that would provide veterans with instructional materials and training courses. Veterans participating in the program would learn how to safely use computers and mobile phones with an awareness of cybersecurity risks and develop media literacy for using online resources. The bill would authorize appropriations of $20 million in 2023, 2025, and 2027. Using historical spendout rates for similar programs, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that awarding cybersecurity grants would cost $52 million over the 2022-2027 period; such spending would be subject to appropriation of the specified amounts."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-08-12
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COVID-19 and the Experiences of Populations at Greater Risk Description and Top-Line Summary Data -- Wave 2, Fall 2020
From the Webpage: "As a continuation of RAND Corporation and Robert Wood Johnson Foundation efforts to capture how people in the United States think about, value, and prioritize issues of health, well-being, and health equity, a longitudinal survey is being deployed to aid in understanding how health views and values have been affected by the experience of the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. In this report, the authors present the results of the second of four waves of the COVID-19 and the Experiences of Populations at Greater Risk Survey, fielded during fall 2020, with particular focus on populations deemed at risk or underserved, including people of color and those from low- to moderate-income backgrounds. The questions in this COVID-19 survey focused specifically on experiences related to the pandemic (e.g., financial, physical, emotional), how respondents viewed the disproportionate impacts of the pandemic, whether and how respondents' views and priorities regarding health actions and investments are changing (including the role of government and the private sector), and how general values about such issues as freedom and racism may be related to pandemic views and response expectations. The authors summarize detailed top-line results for each of the questions included in the survey and sociodemographic characteristics of the sample."
RAND Corporation
Carman, Katherine Grace; Chandra, Anita; Bugliari, Delia . . .
2020
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Child Protection and COVID-19: Somalia Case Study
From the Document: "'Children in Somalia faced multiple, interlinked protection risks prior to the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, which has exacerbated an already dire situation for children, and girls in particular'. Decades of armed conflict, climate-induced disasters, weak protective structures, disease outbreak and poverty, among other adverse conditions, have left children and their families struggling to meet their basic needs and access essential services. Against this background, 2020 brought in three new shocks: COVID-19, significant flooding and the Desert Locust invasion"
World Vision International
2022-02-17?
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Child Protection and COVID-19: Venezuela Case Study
From the Document: "Children in Venezuela have faced multiple protection risks, even prior to the start of the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic which has exacerbated the humanitarian crisis in the country and in the region. Political instability, economic contraction, collapse of the health system, lack of access to basic services, scarcity of food and medicine, and crumbling infrastructure - including water and sanitation - are among the overlapping emergencies in the context. The situation has led 6 million Venezuelans to flee to other countries, primarily in the region. [...] The impacts of COVID-19 on children have included limited food, school dropout, exposure to violence, abuse, neglect and exploitation, and child labour. One of the biggest impacts has been the closure of schools, some permanently."
World Vision International
2022-02-22
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Child Protection and COVID-19: Cambodia Case Study
From the Document: "Early on in the pandemic, the Joining Forces coalition and the Child Rights Coalition-Cambodia (CRC-Cambodia) conducted a number of assessments and surveys that revealed the multiple impacts that COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] was having on children's mental health, safety and education. [...] Negative impacts on children's mental health were found to derive from the distress of worrying about their health and the health of their loved ones, not being able to see friends, and concerns and uncertainty about the future. [...] Children reported spending more time online, increasing their risk of abuse and exploitation, with many children reporting cyberbullying, being contacted by strangers and being asked to post intimate photos. [...] The disruption to education has had some of the greatest impacts on children around the world. [...] In summary, the COVID-19 pandemic has had many, varied impacts on children's protection and wellbeing. Child protection organisations, such as World Vision Cambodia, have had to expand and adapt their programming to meet the enhanced and particular needs of children at this time."
World Vision International
2022-02-17?
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Child Protection and COVID-19: Afghanistan Case Study
From the Document: "After decades of conflict, Afghanistan is the deadliest crisis in the world. Prior to the restrictions instituted to prevent the spread of COVID-19, 93 percent of the population lived on less than US$2 per day and were unprepared to absorb the economic shocks resulting from the pandemic. Research conducted by World Vision Afghanistan following the onset of COVID-19 found that up to 50% of surveyed families had been forced to send their children to work during the pandemic as a means of coping with financial constraints. In a further assessment, 21% of families reported they were not able to meet the basic needs of their children. [...] Our objectives in the COVID-19 Response have been: 1. Risk communications and community engagement[;] 2. Surveillance, rapid response teams and case investigation[;] 3. Infection prevention and controls."
World Vision International
2022-02-17?
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Child Protection and COVID-19: Lebanon Case Study
From the Document: "Lebanon's complex humanitarian crisis meant that children faced multiple risk factors prior to the onset of the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. Approximately 1.5 million refugees, the majority of whom lack legal status and live under the poverty line, already experienced difficulties accessing basic services, such as health and education. Compounding this, the country is experiencing a financial collapse that the World Bank has ranked among the worst since the mid1800's. The Lebanese pound has lost 90 percent of its value and consumer prices have quadrupled. The dire economic conditions have impacted families' access to food and basic services. In Beirut, months after the pandemic began, a huge explosion at the Port of Beirut left more than 300,000 people homeless, with 80,000 children displaced to relatives' homes where overcrowding increased the risk of COVID-19 infection. The combination of COVID-19 and explosion cases overwhelmed the healthcare system. Both crises have also affected the psychosocial well-being of children."
World Vision International
2022-02-17?
