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• Joint Doctrine for Electronic Warfare

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  This publication establishes doctrinal guidance on the use of electronic warfare (EW) in joint operations. Specifically, the following areas are within the scope of this publication: the fundamentals of EW; the staff organization and command relationships of EW in joint operations; planning procedures for joint EW; coordination of joint EW during operations; training and exercise considerations for EW in joint operations; and allied and coalition considerations in planning and conducting joint EW. This document provides an overview of electronic warfare; covers organizing for joint electronic warfare; discusses planning and coordination requirements in joint exercises; and covers multinational aspects of electronic warfare.

  United States. Joint Chiefs of Staff

  2000-04-07
• Improvements are Needed in Programs Designed to Protect against the Transfer of Sensitive Technologies to Countries of Concern

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  "As a follow up to our March 1, 2000, draft report, attached is our final version of the first report required by the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000. As you know, this legislation mandates that we issue a report to the Congress no later than March 30, 2000, on the adequacy of current export controls and counterintelligence measures to protect against the acquisition of sensitive U.S. technology and technical information by countries and entities of concern. This first report focuses on three activities to help prevent the illicit transfer of sensitive U.S. technology. These are (1) deemed export controls, (2) the Visa Application Review Program, and (3) the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States. The report includes comments from your March 15, 2000, written response as well as responses from ITA, BEA, NIST and NOAA. A copy of each of the responses has been included in its entirety as an appendix to the report. While our report highlights some areas that are working well, such as certain aspects of the Visa Application Review Program, it also highlights issues and problems that hamper both BXA's and the U.S. government's efforts to more effectively prevent the transfer of sensitive U.S. technology to countries or entities of concern."

  United States. Department of Commerce. Office of the Inspector General

  2000-03
• Alternative Frequencies for Use by Public Safety Systems: Response to Title XVII, Section 1705 of the National Defense Authorization Act for FY2001

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  "This report discusses frequency bands considered as alternative frequencies to the 138-144 MHz band and defines this in terms of comparable spectrum. Based on the analysis in this report of the Federal Government frequency bands between 100-1000 MHz, only the 162-174 MHz and 406.1-420 MHz federally allocated bands satisfy the criteria of comparable spectrum and can be considered alternative frequencies. This report outlines federal agency use of the 162-174 MHz and 406.1-420 MHz bands, concentrating on departments and agencies with primary public safety missions. Since these missions continue to expand and the use of these bands continues to grow, NTIA and the federal agencies have developed policies, rules and plans to alleviate spectrum congestion. This was done by mandating spectrum efficient technology, encouraging the development of consolidated integrated networks, enhancing the utility of this spectrum by setting transmitter and receiver performance standards, and encouraging the use of trunking technology. This report outlines current federal efforts to enhance interoperability among federal, state, and local public safety agencies. NTIA has recognized the importance of these efforts and is actively involved in developing strategies and providing policy guidance to enhance their effectiveness. Many sharing and interoperability agreements already exist among these agencies. NTIA is convinced that these partnerships are the key to improved interoperability. In summary, NTIA has concluded that additional frequencies in the 162-174 MHz and 406.1-420 MHz bands, other than the 40 federal, state, and local public safety interoperability 12.5 kHz channels recently provided for in these bands, cannot be provided without jeopardizing the crucial missions of federal public safety agencies. The Public Safety Wireless Advisory Committee (PSWAC) Final Report identified the need for an additional 2.5 MHz of spectrum for federal, state and local interoperability. The 40 channels NTIA designated for federal, state and local incident response and law enforcement interoperability represents 0.5 MHz of the 2.5 MHz of this spectrum. NTIA will continue to work with federal, state, and local public safety agencies and organizations in developing plans and strategies to ensure that these agencies, at all levels of government, can perform their mission critical functions without the encumbrances and barriers of the past."

  United States. National Telecommunications and Information Administration

  Chirhart, Thomas L.

  2001-12
• Public Safety Wireless Network: Digital Land Mobile Radio (DLMR) Security Problem Statement

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  "This problem statement narrative, presented by the Public Safety Wireless Network (PSWN) program, highlights emerging security issues associated with evolving Public Safety radio communications systems. This narrative addresses the vital need for security from an infrastructure protection perspective, explains the cause of new security threats and vulnerabilities, and highlights the security challenges that face the public safety community. National Performance Review (NPR) recommendation IT04, the Public Safety Wireless Network (PSWN) Management Plan, Executive Order 13010, NPR Action Item A06, and the final report from the President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection (PCCIP) have brought to the forefront of national efforts the protection of the evolving public safety communications infrastructure. Evolving public safety digital land mobile radio (DLMR) systems are envisioned as operating as large automated information systems (AIS) with open interfaces providing digital-based interconnectivity with other systems and subsystems. While the latest DLMR technology will increase the efficiency and effectiveness of public safety communications, a host of security risks could be introduced unless effective mitigating actions are undertaken based on security awareness and understanding. Most importantly, digital radio systems must be configured and managed in a way that will provide adequate protection from computer-based threats. Because the majority of DLMR systems now being rolled out across the country are not undergoing any form of security assurance process, the Public Safety Wireless Network (PSWN) program faces the challenge of investigating and addressing the security issues of the public safety communications infrastructure. The security-related issues facing the PSWN program are the lack of: an understanding of the security threats, vulnerabilities, and risks associated with the evolving DLMR systems; clearly specified communications security needs for public safety organizations; security standards or guidelines applicable to DLMR systems; and an understanding of the tools and techniques available to secure these systems."

  United States. Department of Justice; United States. Department of the Treasury

  1998-06
• Mandates: Cases In State-Local Relations

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  Mandates are a continual source of friction among governments; many policymakers and scholars foresee an increase in unfunded federal and state mandates. These factors suggest that intergovernmental tensions will continue to rise unless the Congress and state legislatures establish more successful and intergovernmental cooperative methods for dealing with mandate issues. This information report provides examples from seven states that have used a variety of approaches to address state-local tensions created by mandates. We hope this report will help state and local officials in all 50 states find acceptable intergovernmental means to resolve the inevitable tensions created by mandates and to restore vitality to local self-government. The success of any mandates strategy will depend on the extent to which it represents agreement between state and local governments and is followed in good faith by all parties.

  United States. Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations

  1990-09
• Effect on the National Security of Imports of Crude Oil and Refined Petroleum Products

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  On March 11, 1999, Senators Domenici, Hutchinson, Inhofe, Nighthorse-Campbell, Roberts, Sessions, Crapo, Nickels, Murkowski, Craig, Burns, McConnell, DeWine, Brownback, and Bunning, in a letter to the President, requested that he take immediate action to address the threat of increasing oil imports to our national security. On March 12, 1999, Senators Bingaman, Breaux, Landrieu, Conrad, Enzi, Lincoln, Lott, Dorgan, Baucus, Murkowski, and Burns, in a letter to Secretary Daley, raised similar concerns and directly requested that the Department of Commerce initiate an expedited review and investigation into the impact of low oil prices and ever increasing oil imports on the United States national security under the authority of Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, as amended. Representative Istook made a similar request. In their letter to Secretary Daley, the Senators quoted from a 1999 survey by the Independent Petroleum Association of America, which alleged that, since November of 1997, 193,000 marginal oil and gas wells have been shut down with a loss in oil production of 360,000 barrels per day. The Senators stated that 24,000 domestic jobs have already been lost in the oil industry and another 17,000 job cuts are expected. Finally, the Senators addressed the concern that low priced crude oil imports could lead to the permanent loss of a significant portion of the United States domestic oil production capacity and resource base. On April 28, 1999, the Department of Commerce self-initiated an investigation under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, as amended, to determine the effects on the national security of imports of crude oil and petroleum products. The investigation focused on two issues. One, are imports of oil and petroleum products threatening to impair the national security of the United States? Two, if a positive finding is found that imports of crude oil and petroleum products do threaten the national security, is a trade adjustment, as provided for under section 232, the appropriate means to address the threat? Under Section 232, The Department has 270 days from the date of initiation of an investigation to submit a report of findings and recommendations to the President. Based upon an initiation date of April 28, 1999, the Department has until January 29, 2000 to complete its investigation and submit its report to the President.

  United States. Bureau of Export Administration

  1999-11
• Defense Priorities and Allocations System Program

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  Under Title I of the Defense Production Act of 1950, as amended (DPA), the President is authorized to require preferential acceptance and performance of contracts or orders supporting certain approved national defense and energy programs, and to allocate materials, services, and facilities in such a manner as to promote these approved programs. Additional priorities authority to require prompt delivery of articles and materials for the exclusive use of the U.S. armed forces is found in Section 18 of the Selective Service Act of 1948, in 10 U.S.C. 2538, and in 50 U.S.C. 82. The DPA priorities and allocations authority has also been extended to support emergency preparedness activities under Title VI of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act. On June 11, 1998, in consideration of numerous comments from industry and government users, termination of the controlled materials (steel, copper, aluminum, and nickel alloys) program, and to make the DPAS more effective and efficient in the post-Cold War era, we published in the Federal Register (63 FR 31918) a revision of the DPAS to update, modify, and clarify a number of its provisions. Changes include removing the controlled materials rules, extending the time for a supplier to accept or reject a rated order, simplifying the rules for combining rated and unrated orders, clarifying the rules for determining the precedence of conflicting rated orders of equal priority after acceptance of these orders, increasing the minimum rated order dollar amount, and various technical and administrative adjustments. The purpose of the DPAS remains unchanged: (1) to assure the timely availability of industrial resources to meet current national defense and emergency preparedness program requirements; and (2) to provide an operating system to support rapid industrial response in a national emergency. In pursuing these goals, we attempt to minimize disruptions to normal commercial activities. In view of our shrinking domestic defense industrial base, the growing commercialization of defense procurement, the increasing use of dual use products and technologies and just-in-time production and inventory techniques, the consequences of catastrophic natural, accidental, or man-caused disaster events upon our civilian population, and the ongoing requirement for our Nation to maintain a strong defense preparedness and military readiness capability, the DPAS will continue to be a key element of our national security and civil emergency preparedness.

  United States. Office of Strategic Industries and Economic Security

  1998-08
• Effect of Imports of Iron Ore and Semi-Finished Steel on the National Security

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  This report summarizes the findings of an investigation conducted by the Secretary of Commerce ("Secretary") pursuant to Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, as amended, 19 U.S.C. 1862 ("Section 232"), into the effects of imports of iron ore and semi-finished steel on the national security of the United States.

  United States. Bureau of Export Administration

  2001-10
• Joint Economic Committee Hearing: Radio Frequency Weapons and Proliferation: Potential Impact on the Economy: Hearing before the Joint Economic Committee, U.S. Senate and U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifth Congress, Second Session, February 25, 1998

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  On June 17, 1997, the Joint Economic Committee (JEC) held a hearing called, "Economic Espionage, Technology Transfers and National Security," in which it heard testimony from Lt. Gen. Robert Schweitzer about a new class of weapons, radio frequency weapons (RF), and the impact of these new weapons on the civilian and military electronic infrastructure of the United States. Since the General talked about a terrorist threat and a proliferation threat, the JEC has continued to investigate these potential threats. Opening statement for this hearing prepared by Jim Saxton. Witnesses include: James O'Bryon, David Schriner, Dr. Ira Merritt, and Dr. Alan Kehs.

  United States. Congress. Joint Economic Committee

  1998-02-25
• Economic Perspectives on Terrorism Insurance: Chairman Jim Saxton (R-NJ), Joint Economic Committee, United States Congress, May 2002

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  This study examines the market for terrorism insurance in the United States, discusses the economic implications of the cost and availability of terrorism insurance, and considers the proposed federal role in terrorism insurance. Among the study's principal findings: The market for terrorism insurance remains limited. Only a small number of insurers are actively providing stand-alone terrorism insurance policies. When available, coverage for terrorism losses is expensive, terms of coverage are restrictive and policy limits are often insufficient. The problems associated with terrorism insurance pose a significant threat to sustained economic growth. The lack of terrorism insurance is stopping some business deals, such as real estate and construction projects where terrorism insurance may be necessary to obtain financing. The high cost of terrorism insurance (when available) diverts resources from other more productive uses, negatively affecting investment and jobs. Low coverage limits in terrorism insurance policies mean that businesses are bearing a huge amount of risk themselves. In the event of another attack similar to that of September 11th, insurance payments will not be available to the same degree to rebuild.

  United States. Congress. Joint Economic Committee

  2002-05
• Economic Costs of Terrorism: Jim Saxton (R-NJ), Chairman, Joint Economic Committee, United States Congress, May 2002

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  The events of September 11 stunned Americans not only because of the heinousness of the attacks themselves, but also because of the underlying vulnerability they revealed. The toll such attacks take on open, unprepared, and unsuspecting nations is severe; particularly significant are the economic effects of such acts and the responses they elicit. These effects need to be understood in order to prescribe appropriate economic policy remedies. This study categorizes and briefly summarizes both the short-and long-term economic effects and costs of such terrorist attacks. Prominent among the long-term effects are: (1) the increased transaction costs and inefficiencies imposed on the economy by terrorism, and (2) the fact that increased spending on security necessarily diverts labor and capital resources away from productive private sector activities and toward necessary, but less productive, anti-terrorist activity. Several estimates of the magnitudes of the various costs are briefly summarized. In general, the estimates of the costs surrounding the September 11 terrorism suggest that these costs are significant, but not inordinately large relative to GDP. While these complex estimates of the long-term costs are commendable, there are a number of reasons to be skeptical of their conclusions. In particular, they fail to consider multiple forms of terrorism, important measurement problems, or the cost-related behavior of terrorists. Consequently, terrorism's long-term costs may be more severe than suggested by many existing estimates. Some timely monetary and fiscal policy responses to such terrorist activity are appropriate.

  United States. Congress. Joint Economic Committee

  2002-05
• Sociology and Psychology of Terrorism: Who Becomes a Terrorist and Why?

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  "Why do some individuals decide to break with society and embark on a career in terrorism? Do terrorists share common traits or characteristics? Is there a terrorist personality or profile? Can a terrorist profile be developed that could reliably help security personnel to identify potential terrorists, whether they be would-be airplane hijackers, assassins, or suicide bombers? Do some terrorists have a psychotic (see Glossary) personality? Psychological factors relating to terrorism are of particular interest to psychologists, political scientists, and government officials, who would like to be able to predict and prevent the emergence of terrorist groups or to thwart the realization of terrorist actions. This study focuses on individual psychological and sociological characteristics of terrorists of different generations as well as their groups in an effort to determine how the terrorist profile may have changed in recent decades, or whether they share any common sociological attributes. This study is not about terrorism per se. Rather, it is concerned with the perpetrators of terrorism. Prepared from a social sciences perspective, it attempts to synthesize the results of psychological and sociological findings of studies on terrorists published in recent decades and provide a general assessment of what is presently known about the terrorist mind and mindset."

  Library of Congress. Federal Research Division

  Hudson, Rex A.

  1999-09
• Interagency Coordination during Joint Operations, Volume II

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  "This volume describes the key US Government departments and agencies and nongovernmental and international organizations -- their core competencies, basic organizational structures, and relationship, or potential relationship, with the Armed Forces of the United States. Volume I (located in the digital library at /homesec/docs/dod/jp3-08v1.pdf) discusses the interagency environment and describes joint doctrine to best achieve coordination between the combatant commands of the Department of Defense and agencies of the US Government, nongovernmental and private voluntary organizations, and regional and international organizations during unified actions and joint operations. It provides potential methodologies to synchronize successful interagency operations. Volume II contains the appendices and glossary."

  United States. Joint Chiefs of Staff

  1996-10-09
• Joint Doctrine for Civil Affairs

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  "This publication provides planning guidance and considerations for the use of designated civil affairs (CA) and the conduct of CA activities in support of the joint force commander (JFC) across the range of military operations. It identifies and describes civil affairs forces and organizations, the type of civil affairs activities they perform, and their employment in support of military operations and Department of Defense programs. Additionally, the publication addresses appropriate legal and regulatory civil affairs policy guidance. Joint Publication (JP) 3-57.1 also builds on the foundation of JP 3-57, Joint Doctrine for Civil-Military Operations. This document provides an overview of civil affairs; discusses civil affairs support to military operations; provides an overview of the responsibilities for civil affairs activities; discusses organization and command relationships; explains civil affairs functional specialties; highlights services' civil affairs; and defines civil affairs planning and coordination."

  United States. Joint Chiefs of Staff

  2003-04-14
• Media Interaction with the Public in Emergency Situations: Four Case Studies

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  "This report provides an analysis of media coverage of four major emergency situations in the United States and the impact of that coverage on the public. The situations analyzed are the Three Mile Island nuclear accident (1979), the Los Angeles riots (1992), the World Trade Center bombing (1993), and the Oklahoma City bombing (1995). Each study consists of a chronology of events followed by a discussion of the interaction of the media and the public in that particular situation. Emphasis is upon the initial hours or days of each event. Print and television coverage was analyzed in each study; radio coverage was analyzed in one instance. The conclusion discusses several themes that emerge from a comparison of the role of the media in these emergencies. Sources consulted appear in the bibliography at the end of the report."

  Library of Congress. Federal Research Division

  Berry, LaVerle Bennette, 1942-; Jones, Amanda; Powers, Terence

  1999-08
• 60 Minute Network Security Guide: First Steps Toward a Secure Network Environment (Version 1.0)

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  "During the last four years the National Security Agency's Systems and Network Attack Center has released Security Guides for operating systems, applications and systems that operate in the larger IT network. These security guides can be found at our web site www.nsa.gov. Many organizations across the Department of Defense have used these documents to develop new networks and to secure existing IT infrastructures. This latest Security Guide addresses security a bit differently. Our goal is to make system owners and operators aware of fixes that become force multipliers in the effort to secure their IT network. Security of the IT infrastructure is a complicated subject, usually addressed by experienced security professionals. However, as more and more commands become 'wired', an increasing number of people need to understand the fundamentals of security in a networked world."

  United States. National Security Agency

  Systems and Network Attack Center

  2001-10-16
• Psychological Intervention for 9/11 Military Mental Health Responders

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  In the wake of the September 11th terrorist attack on the Pentagon and World Trade Center (WTC), this investigation seeks to examine the associations of secondary stress in the form of psychological distress in military mental health responders involved in combat and operational stress prevention activities after critical incidents. The STS can be defined as, "the natural, consequent behaviors and emotions resulting from knowledge about the traumatizing event experienced by a significant other." A growing body of literature reports on the risk factors, reactions, and prevention of harm to professionals from exposure to another's traumatic material. The majority of this literature is conceptual in nature, or reports only anecdotal evidence of the phenomenon. To date, only one pilot study has been done with instruments sensitive enough to capture secondary stress in specifically mental health providers. In the past, instruments that collected data for the purpose of observing the phenomenon of secondary stress were done with instruments designed to look at PTSD or primary acute trauma.

  US Army Medical Department Center and School

  Yarvis, Jeffrey; Bordnick, Patrick

  2003-01
• Joint Doctrine for Civil-Military Operations

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  The doctrinal concepts contained in this publication provide guidance for the planning and conduct of civil-military operations (CMO) by joint forces. Furthermore, these concepts should guide joint force commanders in the use of civil affairs assets and other specialized forces uniquely capable of contributing to the execution of CMO, refining CMO plans, and keeping US Government agencies informed of Department of Defense capabilities to support US objectives through carefully planned and executed CMO. This document provides an overview of civil-military operations (CMO); discusses organization and command relationships for CMO; provides an overview for the planning of CMO; and discusses interagency coordination as it relates to civil-military relations.

  United States. Joint Chiefs of Staff

  2001-02-08
• Attack on America: First War of the 21st Century

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  The terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 rocked the nation in ways that will reverberate for years. The authors discuss how these attacks signal shifts in the modus operandi of international terrorism--shifts in purpose, organization, weapons, and capability. The 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, and the 2000 attack on the USS Cole are examples of asymmetric or asynchronous acts carried out by an adaptive and thinking opponent who continually studies the strengths and weaknesses of his perceived enemy and adapts his operations accordingly. These attacks were not without a larger purpose. They are part of an ongoing campaign that is likely to continue and expand. Terrorists stress adaptation and flexibility to preserve their organization and ensure their continued power. They conduct strategic operations to degrade U.S. national will, fracture alliances and coalitions, and limit the scope of U.S. involvement abroad. Their ability to adapt faster than defensive measures can complicate U.S. efforts to remain in the strategic defensive. Operations conducted without discernible frequency or patterns require the United States to maintain a socially, politically, and economically expensive posture of constant readiness, which itself does not guarantee success. Intelligence operations assist in reducing the need for constant readiness but are not infallible and must be flexible, adaptive, and broad in scope. Taking the strategic offensive can eliminate an opponent, but it requires exceptional intelligence and an adaptive force capable of fighting on a battlefield of unprecedented complexity, fluidity, and lethality. These challenges can only be met by creating an adaptable military force capable of dominating this environment.

  U.S. Army Command and General Staff College

  Shaughnessy, David J.; Cowan, Thomas M.

  2001-11
• Afghanistan and Regional Geopolitical Dynamics after 11 September: Conference Proceedings, April 18-19, 2002

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  In April 2002, the National Intelligence Council sponsored a conference that examined the impact of events in Afghanistan since 11 September on a variety of regional actors, including Russia, Iran, Turkey, India, Europe, Pakistan, and the Central Asian states of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. The conference brought together government and outside experts and consisted of four workshops with presentations from ten academic and regional experts, followed by lengthy discussion sessions. The purpose of the conference was not to arrive at a consensus but to deepen understanding of the complex geopolitical dynamics at work in the region. During the panel discussions no attempt was made to ascertain the general view of the panel or audience. Many of the points highlighted in these summaries of the panel discussions were noted because they were thought-provoking or outside conventional wisdom. They illustrate the richness of the discussion, but they do not necessarily reflect accepted or prevailing views at the conference.

  National Intelligence Council (U.S.)

  2002-08
• Role of Intelligence Services in a Globalized World: Remarks by John C. Gannon, Chairman, National Intelligence Council at the Conference Sponsored by Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, Berlin, Germany, May 21, 2001

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  This article reveals observations about the future drawn from the findings of a strategic study the NIC published recently called Global Trends 2015. Global Trends 2015 is not just a product. More importantly, it reflects a process of engagement with outside sources of information and expertise that exemplifies how our intelligence community must behave in the future. It has been discussed with several USG agencies, including FBI, military services, diplomats at State Department, as well as with numerous experts in academia and with foreign governments. To deal with this future, these services will require a revolution in five areas: First in communication with senior policymakers who must understand and support their mission and who must benefit directly from the intelligence they provide; second, in collaboration with new partners within governments, with law enforcement, and with liaison abroad; third, in an approach to advanced technology, which will be critical to the world's success; fourth, in the recruitment and development of the skills needed to achieve a specific mission; and, fifth, in the commitment to leverage outside expertise, which will require unprecedented transparency in much of the way this country does business.

  National Intelligence Council (U.S.)

  2001-05
• Demilitarization of Chemical Weapons

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  This website provides a number of links to various topics related to the demilitarization of chemical weapons. The CDC has been aiding in protecting the health and safety of workers and communities where chemical weapon disposal facilities exist. The CDC ensures that the facilites are built and operated according to high safety standards. The CDC also monitors the emissions from such facilities to ensure they are not harming people or the environment. The links go to further information the history of CDC accomplishments in this area, fact sheets, brochures, guidelines, recommendations and publications by CDC staff. A link to a brief video entitled "Chemical Weapons Disposal: The Role of the CDC" is also available.

  National Center for Environmental Health (U.S.)

  2002-11-09
• Impact of the War on Terror on Certain Aspects of US Policy in the Middle East: A Medium-Term Assessment, Prepared for the National Intelligence Council by Paul Jabber, December 27, 2001

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  The purpose of this analysis is to assess the likely impact that the US campaign against global terrorism launched in the wake of the attacks of September 11th, 2001, will have on key American interests in the Middle East over the medium term (next 12 months). The main focus will be on the expected perceptions and reaction to US policy of selected important Middle East actors, regime stability and changing regional alignments. To render the analysis relevant to policy-making and policy assessment, the approach here will be parsimonious, not comprehensive. The United States presently maintains an extensive and continually growing presence in the Middle East, with diplomatic, military, commercial and cultural dimensions. The region contains long-identified vital US national interests, and security commitments toward several key states. This analysis is structured around two core questions: 1. How will the region absorb and react to the USG's war on terrorism in its regional manifestations, given that by necessity the Middle East will turn out to be the main theater of operations? 2. Which US policy choices are more likely to be effective in limiting the threat of terrorist strikes against the homeland in particular and other countries generally?

  National Intelligence Council (U.S.)

  2001-12-27
• Growing Global Migration and Its Implications for The United States

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  Migration will move higher on the policy agendas of many countries-- including the United States--as new waves of legal and illegal migrants, asylum-seekers, and refugees flee poverty, conflict, and persecution in their native lands. The latest US census underscored this trend in the United States, and it is undoubtedly taking place elsewhere, as well. Rising migration will provide challenges and opportunities to both sending and receiving countries. Sending countries will benefit from emigrant remittances, for example, but they will lose some of their more industrious people, while returning immigrants can play both constructive and disruptive political roles. In the richer receiving countries, migration will alleviate demographic and labor force shortfalls, but it also will add to social and cultural tensions. This National Intelligence Estimate focuses on: The causes and likely social, economic, political, and security consequences of global migration of all types on key sending and receiving regions and countries, the willingness and ability of governments to control migration, the scale of direct migration pressures on the United States, and the impact of other countries' migration policies on such pressures and the extent to which some countries may try to use migration as leverage in bilateral relations.

  National Intelligence Council (U.S.)

  2001-03
• Address by John C. Gannon, Assistant Director of Central Intelligence for Analysis and Production to The National Security Telecommunications and Information Systems Security Committee, April 3, 2001

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  Whatever direction the cyber threat takes, the United States Government will be confronting an increasingly interconnected world in the years ahead. This is the core message of Global Trends 2015. Our country will have to develop, in response, greater communications and collaboration across the agencies of our own Government, with other governments, and with the corporate world. Interagency cooperation will be essential to understanding the cyber threat, as well as other transnational threats that will occur, and to responding effectively with interdisciplinary strategies. Consequence management of a major attack on a critical US infrastructure would involve virtually all agencies of the Federal Government, State, and local governments, foreign governments, law enforcement, the military, the medical community, and the media. This dramatic story has no definite ending today. Clearly, the Intelligence Community has a major challenge ahead to serve the American people.

  United States. Central Intelligence Agency

  2001-04
• Nationally Notifiable Infectious Diseases: Historically by Year (1992-2007)

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  This is a spreadsheet that is part of the Nationally Notifiable Infectious Diseases reports. The spreadsheet lists the name of the disease and/or event and whether it was occurred during a particular year. Some data includes particular geographic locations where the event occurred.

  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)

  2007
• Economic Espionage, Technology Transfers and National Security: Hearing before the Joint Economic Committee, U.S. Senate and U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session, June 17, 1997

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  The Joint Economic Committee sits in a very unique position and I would suggest an ideal position to evaluate past policy and to evaluate those policies' impact on our economy, particularly, in the context of the legislative intent of the authors of the policies. The areas of concern occurred across several administrations in both the areas of high technology transfer and economic espionage. The goal is to shed light on these problems. I am sure that those responsible for these policies formulated them with the best of intentions. However, those intentions may not have manifested themselves as expected in this new and changing reality of a former Soviet Union, an emerging Asia and a struggling, unstable Third World. Opening statement for this hearing prepared by Jim Saxton. Witnesses include: Robert L. Schweitzer, Peter M. Leitner, John J. Fialka, and Kenneth Flamm.

  United States. Congress. Joint Economic Committee

  1997-06
• Analysis of the Computer and Network Attack Taxonomy

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  The Air Force's dependence on the Internet continues to increase daily. The Internet has become a staple of the office environment along side the telephone, the fax machine, and the computer. However, this increased dependence comes with risks. The popularity and potential of the Internet attracts users with illegal as well as legal intentions. Since the Air Force considers the Internet an integral component of its Information Operations strategy, the Air Force must be confident that it can trust the security of this component. Therefore, reliable methods and information that helps the Air Force classify the risks associated with the Internet can help the Air Force determine the best processes to assure the security of its use of this resource. This thesis examines the computer and network attack taxonomies developed by John Howard. Howard developed the taxonomy to help him classify Internet security incidents as part of his doctoral research and as part of a follow-on project to develop a common language for computer security. The taxonomy is a possible method that the Air Force can use to help it classify Internet security attacks and incidents. This researcher concluded that the computer and network attack taxonomies were satisfactory. The questionnaire respondents appeared to prefer the 1998 version more. In addition, this study offers several areas of improvement to the taxonomy that can help it become more widely accepted. This researcher also concluded that organizations responsible for the collection and distribution of Internet security information, do explicitly collect some, but not all, information useful as input into the taxonomy.

  Air Force Institute of Technology (U.S.)

  Daigle, Richard C.

  2001-03
• Analysis of the Interaction Between the J3 and J4 War Planning Staffs During the Phases of Crisis Action Planning

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  A principal operational concept of Joint Vision 2020 is that of Focused Logistics, which promotes a merger of information and logistics technologies. The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency's Advanced Logistics Project (ALP) supports this concept of Focused Logistics and seeks to leverage information technologies to obtain control over the logistics pipeline. The current campaign planning process is limited by the information made available to the decision-makers. In order for ALP to assist the decision-maker in selecting a single optimal deployment plan, the founding assumptions of alternatives considered must be valid. Logistical issues are a major constraint in the war planning process. Often, when planners are faced with Crisis Action Planning (CAP) the interaction between the operations planners and the logistics planners is limited due to the time sensitivity of the situation. Because logistics information is a main constraint in the CAP process, operational planners build their plans based on limited logistics information and potentially inappropriate logistic assumptions. This thesis will explore the contribution that ALP's architecture could bring to the crisis action planning process. The focus of this research is to analyze the interaction between the operational and logistical communities and determine the ideal planning tool that will enhance the communication between the two communities.

  Air Force Institute of Technology (U.S.)

  Colvard, Michael J.

  2001-03
• Transportation Security Research: Coordination Needed in Selecting and Implementing Infrastructure Vulnerability Assessments

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  The House Committee on Appropriations asked GAO to determine (1) the status and anticipated results of the Transportation Infrastructure Assurance (TIA)program, and (2) the extent to which RSPA and the Office of Intelligence and Security have coordinated their activities in selecting the vulnerabilities to be assessed and implementing the vulnerability assessments for the program. DOT and RSPA officials reviewed a draft of the report, agreed with its contents, and provided technical clarifications. Prior to March 2003, RSPA did not fully coordinate their activities with the Office of Intelligence and Security in selecting the vulnerabilities to be assessed, or in implementing the assessments for the program. We discussed this problem with officials from both offices who agreed that closer coordination would be beneficial, particularly to discuss options for addressing the challenges facing program researchers in conducting the program's vulnerability assessments. In March 2003, officials from both offices began regular meetings to facilitate this coordination.

  United States. General Accounting Office

  2003-05