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National Security Decision Directive 180: Civil Aviation Anti-Terrorism Program
National Security Decision Directive 180 "outlines increased security procedures to prevent airline hijacking, including expanding federal marshal program, assessing foreign airport security, and researching new security enhancements."
United States. White House Office
1985-07-19
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National Security Decision Directive 176: Combatting Terrorism in Central America
National Security Decision Directive 176 directs steps to be taken in response to the terrorist attack against American citizens in El Salvador, including expedited delivery of military and police assistance to El Salvador.
United States. White House Office
1985-07-09
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Definition of Alternatives for BW/CW (Biological Warfare and Chemical Warfare) Defense Database
This analysis provides a set of alternatives, along with the associated advantages and disadvantages, for establishing an automated database related to biological and chemical warfare (BW/CW) defense. This analysis focuses upon the preliminary considerations involved in developing and operating a database--either a stand-alone database or one integrated with other existing databases, employing personnel for Natick, other DoD facilities, a contractor facility, or a combination of any of the three to develop and maintain the database. Adequate computer resources for maintaining the database were found to be available at the Army Research and Development Center (ARDC), INFOCEN at the Air Force Aeronautical Systems Division Computer Center, and certain contractor facilities. The staffs at ARDC and at certain contractor facilities were determined to be available to develop and operate the database, to have technical expertise in the subject areas of interest, and to have established a proven capability in the development and operation of databases.
U.S. Army Natick Research, Development, and Engineering Center
McNeely, James J.; Kluse, Michael; Forster, Frank A.
1985-07
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Report of the President's Blue Ribbon Task Group on Nuclear Weapons Program Management
"The President established the Blue Ribbon Task Group on Nuclear Weapons Program Management at the direction of the Congress to address fiscal accountability and discipline in the nation's nuclear weapons program. The Task Group was asked to ''examine the procedures used by DOD [Department of Defense] and DOE [Department of Energy] in establishing requirements for, and providing resources for, the research, development, testing, production, surveillance, and retirement of nuclear weapons,'' and to recommend any needed change in coordination, budgeting, or management procedures. The Task Group was also asked to address ''whether DOD should assume the responsibility for funding current DOE weapon activities and material production programs.'' The Task Group found that the present relationship between DOD and DOE for managing the nuclear weapons program is sound. Accordingly, the Task Group sought a process for improving the integrated determination of nuclear weapon requirements and the management of nuclear weapon production."
United States. Department of Energy
1985-07-01
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Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1984
A summary of the 1984 hurricane season is given. Twelve tropical cyclones and one subtropical cyclone were tracked in the North Atlantic-Caribbean-Gulf of Mexico region. Diana was a landfalling hurricane on the North Carolina coast and Lili was a rare December hurricane.
National Hurricane Center (2012- )
Lawrence, Miles B.; Clark, Gilbert B.
1985-07-01?
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Health Hazard Evaluation Report HETA 82-319-1569; International Association of Firefighters, New Jersey
"On June 25, 1982, The International Association of Firefighters (IAFF) requested that the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) evaluate the health hazards to emergency personnel potentially exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their combustion products while responding to a fire in a subway train operated by the Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation (PATH). NIOSH assigned the evaluation to the New Jersey State Department of Health, Occupational Health Program (OHP), under a Cooperative Agreement. [...] It was determined that the blood PCB levels of fire fighters increased slightly with age as well as with their length of service. It was impossible in this small, cross-sectional study to distinguish precisely the effects of age from the .effects of length of service. Recommendations on control methods including cleaning of contaminated equipment and clothing, and the installation of independent ventilation systems in subway tunnels are presented in the final section of this report."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Schirmer, Joseph; Liveright, Timothy
1985-07
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Health Hazard Evaluation Report HETA 81-459-1603; The City of New York Fire Department New York, New York
"In August, 1981, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) was requested by the Fire Department, City of New York (FDNY) to evaluate the noise levels found in the fire apparatus of the department. From November 9, through November 18, 1982, a noise survey was conducted on select fire apparatus during simulated response runs on the chauffeur's training road course at Randall's Island. Additionally, the noise levels found on shipboard were measured in one of the departments fire boats. [...] On the basis of the noise survey, it is concluded that the potential for noise over-exposure does exist for the FDNY's personnel. Because of this potential for excess noise exposure, NIOSH is restating its recommendations on bow to reduce noise in fire fighting operations which were first expressed in the Health Hazard Valuation Report to the Newburgh, New York Fire Department."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Tubbs, Randy L. (Randy Lloyd)
1985-07
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Computer Security Requirements -- Guidance for Applying the Department of Defense Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria in Specific Environments
"This document establishes computer security requirements for the Department of Defense (DoD) by identifying the minimum class of system required for a given risk index. The classes are those defined by CSC-STD-001-83, Department of Defense Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria (henceforth referred to as the Criteria). (1) A system's risk index is defined as the disparity between the minimum clearance or authorization of system users and the maximum sensitivity of data processed by the system. The recommendations in this document are those that the DoD Computer Security Center (DoDCSC) believes to be the minimum adequate to provide an acceptable level of security. These recommendations are made in part due to the fact that there is no comprehensive policy in effect today which covers this area of computer security. Where current policy does exist, however, this document shall not be taken to supersede or override that policy, nor shall it be taken to provide exemption from any policy covering areas of security not addressed in this document. Section 2 of this document provides definitions of terms used. Risk index computation is described in Section 3, while Section 4 presents the computer security requirements."
United States. Department of Defense
1985-06-25
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Air Carrier Overwater Emergency Equipment and Procedures
The chances of surviving air carrier accidents into water would be increased if Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) emergency procedures and FAA-approved survival equipment were improved. Current procedures and equipment are designed on the assumption that air carrier water contact accidents are primarily ditching, a water accident characterized by a least some preparation time and relatively little aircraft damage. In fact, a review of air carrier water contact accidents between 1959 and 1984 shows that such accidents are typically inadvertent, with no preparation time, substantial aircraft damage, and a high chance of occupation injury. Often the cabin floods quickly, followed by sinking of the aircraft within minutes. Typically, these accidents do not occur on "extended overwater flight" (the type of operation to which most FA water survival regulations currently apply) but close to an airport, during approach or departure. At least 179 fully certified airports in the United States are located within 5 miles of a significant body of water. The Board recommended the FAA require both life preservers and flotation seat cushions on all air carrier flights, and asked for improvements in life preserver design, packaging, accessibility, and ease of donning. Other recommendations deal with emergency evacuation slides, liferafts, flotation devices for infants, crew post-crash survival training, and water rescue plans at airports near water.
United States. National Transportation Safety Board
1985-06-12
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Societal Implications: Selected Readings
"These selected readings provide participants in the building process at the local, State, and regional levels with information on the most significant societal implications of adopting new or improved seismic regulations for new buildings. Included are papers on the estimated impact of the NEHRP [National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program] Recommended Provisions on design and construction costs, seismic hazards in various areas of the U.S., seismic safety codes, current seismic hazard mitigation practices and programs, and recent seismic safety policy research. The book also contains an extensive bibliography, a list of information sources, and a glossary of terms."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
1985-06
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Moro Problem: An Historical Perspective
"For over 400 years the Muslim people of the southern Philippines have been at war. They have resisted the Spanish occupation of their ancestral homelands, the American colonial presence, and the current Christian government. To understand what motivates the Moro people to such conflict, it is necessary to study their history, religion, and the ethnic fabric which makes up their various regional groups. The fundamentals of their religion require a homogenous [sic] Islamic government. In the Philippines this would require separation, or at least total autonomy for the Muslim areas. This has never been allowed by the Christian government which has perpetuated the cause of the Moro insurgency. Conflict will surely continue as long as Christian authority is imposed upon the Moro people."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Fowler, Dennis B.
1985-06
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DoD Directive 3005.7: Emergency Requirements, Allocations, Priorities, and Permits for DoD Use of Domestic Civil Transportation
This Directive updates DoD policy and guidance concerning emergency requirements, allocations, priorities, and permits governing DoD use of civil transportation within the continental United States (CONUS), except civil transportation provided by the Civil Reserve Air Fleet and related to civil works projects performed by the Corps of Engineers.
United States. Department of Defense
1985-05-30
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Password Usage
This document specifies basic security criteria for two different uses of passwords in an ADP system, (I) personal identity authentication and (2) data access authorization. It establishes the basic criteria for the design, implementation and use of a password system in those systems where passwords are used. It identifies fundamental ADP management functions pertaining to passwords and specifies some user actions required to satisfy these functions. In addition, it specifies several technical features which may be implemented in an ADP system in order to support a password system. An implementation schedule is established for compliance with the standard. Numerous guidelines are provided in the Appendices for managers and users seeking to comply with the standard.
United States. Department of Commerce
1985-05-30
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National Security Decision Directive 172: Presenting the Strategic Defense Initiative
National Security Decision Directive 172 "details the manner in which the Strategic Defense Initiative program should be presented to ensure public, allied, and congressional support of research program."
United States. White House Office
1985-05-30
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DoD Directive 5160.5: Responsibilities for Research, Development, and Acquisition of Chemical Weapons and Chemical and Biological Defense
The Directive reissues reference DoD Directive 5160.5, "Responsibility for Research, Development, Test and Evaluation (RDT&E) on Chemical Weapons and Chemical and Biological Defense, " March 30, 1976 (hereby canceled) to reflect national policy decisions; update budgeting, and programming and operational procedures; and assign responsibilities for DoD research, development, and acquisition (RDA) of weapons and chemical and biological defense.
United States. Department of Defense
1985-05-01
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Health Hazard Evaluation Report HETA 84-026-1599; U.S. Penitentiary Terre Haute, Indiana
"On October 17, 1983, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) received a request to evaluate exposures to formaldehyde for inmates manufacturing bed sheets at the U.S. Penitentiary in Terre Haute, Indiana. The fabric used to make the sheets is treated with a formaldehyde-containing resin which imparts wrinkle-resistant properties to the material. [...] NIOSH measured concentrations of formaldehyde averaging 1.07 ppm for full-shift personal exposures among the workers/inmates at the Federal Penitentiary in Terre Haute. There was a high prevalence of irritation symptoms. Since formaldehyde is a potential occupational carcinogen and has shown irritation properties at low levels, measures to reduce exposure to the lowest feasible level are recommended."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Crandall, Michael S.
1985-05
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Earthquake Insurance: A Public Policy Dilemma
"This report examines issues and problems associated with the availability and procurement of earthquake insurance from the point of view of consumers and providers. The report outlines the provisions of earthquake insurance policies currently available to homeowners, businesses, local governments, and special districts. It examines the extent to which earthquake insurance is purchased and why it may be unattractive to consumers. The federal role in providing or promoting earthquake insurance is reviewed. Policies are recommended for the Federal Government and others to develop a more adequate system of coverage."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
1985-05
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National Emergency Management System
"The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is the Federal point of contact for emergency management programs in both peace and war. FEMA works directly with State and local governments and others in the entire emergency management community to lessen the potential affects of disasters and to increase emergency response programs. The Agency supports State and local government emergency planning, preparedness, mitigation, response and recovery programs. As necessary, FEMA provides, funding, technical assistance and resources, equipment and direct Federal support. Ensuring effective emergency communications in times of crisis is also a FEMA responsibility. To ensure that these actions are as responsive as possible to emergencies of all types, FEMA has developed an Integrated Emergency Management System, or IEMS. This system was created after FEMA reviewed response actions to natural disasters and other hazards. FEMA found elements of emergency response were common to all emergencies … elements such as communications, population evacuation and sheltering, law enforcement and direction and control. IEMS recognizes that basic emergency capabilities are required as a foundation for response to any emergency. This system advances each level of preparedness as a building block for dealing with the next level of emergency intensity. It is strongly believed that Integrated Emergency Management System holds great promise for across-the-board improvement in emergency capabilities at all levels of government. In emergency information programs (communications and Automated Data Processing (ADP) systems), FEMA is responsible for the centralized control and daily management of the National Emergency Management System (NEMS) which provides a nationwide infrastructure at the Federal, regional and State levels for various information and communications systems and networks. This manual provides the basic description of the FEMA NEMS, its concepts and status, and is provided as an information mechanism to keep you apprised of our efforts in this critical area."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
1985-05
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Trends in Conventional Arms Transfers to the Third World by Major Supplier, 1977-1984 [April 19, 1985]
"This report provides unclassified background data on transfers of conventional armaments to Third World nations by the major supplying nations. It covers the years from 1977-1984 and reviews in detail the values of arms transfer agreements and deliveries, as well as the specific numbers of important conventional weapons delivered to the Third World during this time period."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Grimmett, Richard F.
1985-04-19
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DoD Password Management Guideline
"This guideline has been developed to assist in providing that much needed
credibility of user identity by presenting a set of good practices related to
the design, implementation and use of password-based user authentication
mechanisms. It is intended that features and practices described in this
guideline be incorporated into DoD automatic data processing (ADP) systems
used for processing classified or other sensitive information."
United States. Department of Defense
1985-04-12
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DoD Directive 4640.5: Defense Metropolitan Area Telephone Systems
This Directive defines the policy, responsibilities, and organizational relationships for the management of the three existing Defense Metropolitan Area Telephone Systems (DMATS) located at Boston, MA; St. Louis, MO; and Dayton, OH. This Directives serves as the charter for those three DMATS.
United States. Department of Defense
1985-04-05
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Final Evaluation Report of Top Secret: Version 3.0
"The Department of Defense Computer Security Center (DoDCSC) was established in January 1981 to encourage the widespread availability of trusted computer systems for use by facilities processing classified or other sensitive data. In the second quarter of FY83, CGA Software Products Group, Inc. requested that the DoDCSC evaluate Version 3.0 of their commercially available TOP SECRET security package for the OS/VS2 MVS [Multiple Virtual Storage] operating system. MVS is an IBM operating system for its 303X, 308X, 4341, 370/158 and 370/168 processors. The security features provided by Version 3.0 of TOP SECRET were evaluated against the requirements specified by the Department of Defense trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria dated 15 August 1983."
United States. Department of Defense; National Computer Security Center (U.S.)
Israel, Howard; La Fountain, Steven
1985-04-02
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Have the Basic Requirements of Arms Control Changed Since Efforts were First Made?
This paper attempts to answer the question, Have the basic requirements of arms control changed since efforts were first made? It traces the evolution of arms control attempts from ancient times to the present, and examines some selected past attempts to prevent and control arms proliferation. Finally, the paper concludes with a suggestion about the prospects and potential fate of future arms control efforts. The Rush-Bagot Agreement the Washington Naval Treaty, and the Geneva Protocol on Chemical and Biological Warfare are quoted.
Air University (U.S.). Air Command and Staff College
Starkes, Sheldon D.
1985-04
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Health Hazard Evaluation Report HETA 84-493-1583; General Services Administration Washington, D.C.
"In August, 1984, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) received a request for a Health Hazard Evaluation from the General Services Administration (GSA) to conduct an evaluation of siren noise in ambulances. GSA requested that NIOSH quantify the noise levels relative to siren location prior to completing a proposed revision of the Federal Specification for emergency medical care vehicles (ambulances). [...] A potential hazard was found to exist from ambulance siren noise. Substantial reductions in noise levels (10-22 dBA) were achieved when siren speakers were located in the ambulance grille area. When windows were also kept closed, patient and driver compartment noise levels were 76-80 dBA, the potential hazard of noise-induced hearing loss was eliminated and communicative ability vastly improved. Recommendations to eliminate the potential health and safety hazard are provided in Section VII of the report."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Flesch, Jerome P.; Tubbs, Randy L. (Randy Lloyd)
1985-04
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Recommended Emergency Preparedness Guidelines for Rail Transit Systems
The Recommended Emergency Preparedness Guidelines contained in this document are designed to help rail transit systems to assess, develop, document and improve their capability for responding to emergency situations, and to coordinate these efforts with emergency response organizations in a manner which best protects the traveling public and transit system facilities and equipment. Four major areas of emergency preparedness are addressed. The first section presents recommendations for Emergency Plan Development, including emergency response procedures, agreements with emergency organizations, and supporting documentation. The training section outlines recommended training for both transit system and emergency response personnel, as well as programs to promote public awareness. The last two sections --Facilities and Equipment, and Vehicles--focus on performance requirements and emergency equipment recommendations to facilitate passenger evacuation and minimize transit property damage. These guidelines have been developed over the past several years, with input obtained from discussions and workshops with transit system and emergency response organization personnel, and from literature sources such as industry guidelines, codes and standards.
United States. Department of Transportation. Urban Mass Transportation Administration
1985-03
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Illicit Drugs a Cause for Concern
"This research paper examines illegal drug trafficking and drug abuse activities that are prevalent in this country with special emphasis on the problems that their use creates for America. It covers the early years when narcotics began appearing with increased frequency in this country. It identifies the basic efforts utilized in combating drug activity, and it addresses why individuals subject themselves to possible jail sentences by becoming involved in illegal narcotic trafficking. The paper also reviews short and long term problems from the enormous profits of illegal drug sales. Finally, the paper considers if change in the drug enforcement system is necessary."
National Defense University
Webster, Ernest R.
1985-03
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Combat Search and Rescue Procedures
The objective of Search and Rescue (SAR) as described in the National Search and Rescue Manual is to aid persons and property in distress. This objective reaches the pinnacle of importance in its application to combat SAR (CSAR). The hazards of the wartime environment dictate that CSAR forces must be specifically equipped, trained, and organized for the wartime mission. This regulation prescribes combat search and rescue procedures approved by the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
United States. Department of the Army
1985-02-25
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National Security Decision Directive 164: National Security Launch Strategy
National Security Decision Directive [NSDD] 164 provides a launch strategy to implement two provisions contained in NSDD 144: 1) The Space Transportation System (STS) will continue as the primary space launch system for both national security and civil government missions. 2) DOD will pursue an improved assured launch capability that will be complementary to the STS.
United States. White House Office
1985-02-25
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National Security Decision Directive 162: FY 1985-1990 Nuclear Weapons Stockpile
National Security Decision Directive 162 "approves nuclear weapons stockpile plan for FY 1985-1990 and issues instructions to Department of Energy for transfer and production of nuclear weapons parts and for meeting nuclear materials needs."
United States. White House Office
1985-02-11
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Pedestrian Falling Accidents in Transit Terminals
"Falls are the second largest cause of accidental injury in the U.S. Based on the reports to the Federal Railroad Administration, the U.S. rail industry carried 7.25 billion passengers during the period 1976-1980, and these patrons experienced about 10,000 station falls. Analysis of accident reports in one system shows alcohol involvement in 29 percent of all falls and 55 percent of male falls where an ambulance was called. Off-peak incident rates were higher, and the P.M. peak is higher than A.M. Most transit falls are due to personal factors. Station falls cost the transit industry an estimated $1.7 million annually in claims settlements. Societal cost for lost time and hospitalization are about the same. High industry standards of design and maintenance result in lower incident rates and settlements than the general experience. Design improvements are warranted to reduce incident rates, severity, and claims."
United States. Federal Transit Administration
1985-02
