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Wildfire Probability Models Calibrated Using Past Human and Lightning Ignition Patterns Can Inform Mitigation of Post-Fire Hydrologic Hazards
From the Abstract: "Most wildfires are started by humans, however, geographic variation of potential ignition sources is not often explicitly accounted for in wildfire simulation modelling or risk assessments. In this study, we investigated how patterns of human and lightning ignitions can influence modelled fire simulations and demonstrate how these data can be used to assess post-fire flooding and sediment transport. We used historical ignition data (1992-2015) to characterize ignition patterns for thirteen mountain ranges in southern Arizona, United States, and developed FlamMap burn probability (BP) models for three scenarios: human ignition, lightning ignition, and random ignition. We then developed a watershed-scale case study assessing the impacts of ignition scenarios on post-fire hydrology using the KINEROS2 [KINematic Runoff and EROSion] model that simulates runoff and erosion. BP models illustrated considerable differences in landscape fire risk between the three ignition scenarios. Results from the watershed model indicate the greatest impacts from the post-fire human ignition scenario, with a 10-fold increase in sediment discharge and four-fold increase in peak flow compared to pre-fire conditions. Our results show that consideration of ignition source and location is important for assessing fire risk, and our modelling approach provides a planning mechanism to identify locations most at risk to fire-induced flood hazards, where prevention and mitigation activities can be focused."
Western Geographic Science Center
Villarreal, Miguel L.; Norman, Laura (Laura Margaret), 1972-; Yao, Erika H. . . .
2022-02-17
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Protection Considerations for Violent Extremist Threats to Public Officials
From the Document: "Violent extremists continue to encourage attacks against public officials, to incite violence, chaos, and create political instability. Violent extremists justify their actions through grievances, such as perceived government and law enforcement overreach; the anticipation of opposing legislative changes; and the proliferation of misinformation and conspiracy theories, all of which might intensify enduring grievances and encourage violent extremists to threaten violence or attack public officials. While most threats and attacks against public officials have been criminal and not associated with terrorism, the increase in threats targeting federal, state and local public officials--particularly in public gatherings-- highlights unique protection, security, and public safety challenges."
National Counterterrorism Center (U.S.); United States. Department of Homeland Security; United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
2022-02-17
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S. Rept. 117-80: Bulb Replacement Improving Government with High-Efficiency Technology Act, Report to Accompany S. 442, Including Cost Estimate of the Congressional Budget Office, February 16, 2022
From the Purpose and Summary: "The purpose of S. 442, the Bulb Replacement Improving Government with High-efficiency Technology Act (BRIGHT Act), is to maximize cost savings and energy efficiency in lighting across government by directing the General Services Administration (GSA) to procure and use the most life-cycle cost effective and energy efficient lighting systems in public buildings, to the extent practicable. S. 442 also requires GSA to provide guidance on best lighting system practices to federal agencies and state, local, and tribal entities to maximize efficiency across government."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2022-02-16
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Russian State-Sponsored Cyber Actors Target Cleared Defense Contractor Networks to Obtain Sensitive U.S. Defense Information and Technology
From the Summary: "From at least January 2020, through February 2022, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), National Security Agency (NSA), and Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) have observed regular targeting of U.S. cleared defense contractors (CDCs) by Russian state-sponsored cyber actors. The actors have targeted both large and small CDCs and subcontractors with varying levels of cybersecurity protocols and resources. These CDCs support contracts for the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and Intelligence Community in the following areas: [1] Command, control, communications, and combat systems; [2] Intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, and targeting; [3] Weapons and missile development; [4] Vehicle and aircraft design; and [5] Software development, data analytics, computers, and logistics."
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation; United States. National Security Agency; United States. Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency
2022-02-16
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Replacing the E-3 Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) [Updated February 16, 2022]
From the Document: "The U.S. Air Force recently expressed its interest to replace the E-3 Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) fleet. Over the summer and fall of 2021, several senior Air Force officials, including Air Force Secretary Frank Kendall and Commander of Pacific Air Forces General Kenneth Wilsbach, discussed plans to replace the E-3 AWACS. The officials stated that the Air Force needs to replace its fleet of E-3 AWACS aircraft due to their age, low mission capable rates, and the inability to procure parts to maintain 40-year-old aircraft. The Air Force released a request for information on February 8, 2022, seeking to replace the AWACS beginning in FY2023."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Hoehn, John R.; Gertler, Jeremiah
2022-02-16
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Management Advisory: DOD Support for the Relocation of Afghan Nationals at Fort Bliss, Texas
From the Document: "The purpose of this management advisory is to provide the officials responsible for receiving, housing, supporting, and preparing Afghan evacuees for movement to their final resettlement location with the results from our site visit to Task Force (TF) Bliss at Fort Bliss, Texas. The audit team visited TF Bliss from October 25 through 29, 2021."
United States. Department of Defense. Office of the Inspector General
2022-02-16
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Care in the Community Consult Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic at the Martinsburg VA Medical Center in West Virginia
From the Introduction: "The VA [Department of Veterans Affairs] Office of Inspector General (OIG) conducted a healthcare inspection to assess allegations related to the timeliness of scheduling Care in the Community (CITC) consults at the Martinsburg VA Medical Center (facility) in West Virginia. The OIG identified additional concerns related to a backlog of active, unscheduled consults, and the consult management process during the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic."
United States. Department of Veterans Affairs. Office of Inspector General
2022-02-16
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Adjustment of Puerto Rico's Public Debts [February 16, 2022]
From the Document: "On January 18, 2022, a federal judge confirmed a plan of adjustment to restructure debts of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico--the island's central government--and certain closely linked public authorities, as well as pension plans for teachers, public employees, and judges. That confirmation resolves various legal disputes, albeit subject to appeals. It also reduces fiscal uncertainty that emerged once the depth of Puerto Rico's fiscal challenges [hyperlink] became widely known."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Austin, D. Andrew
2022-02-16
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Brief Overview of FEMA's Individual Assistance Program [Updated February 16, 2022]
From the Document: "When a disaster occurs, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) may assist individuals with their recovery through the Individual Assistance (IA) program if the President authorizes such assistance pursuant to a declaration of emergency or major disaster under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (Stafford Act; P.L. 93-288, as amended; codified at 42 U.S.C. §§5121 et seq.). [...] There is no threshold or trigger that automatically authorizes IA. Federal assistance is intended to supplement--not supplant--the local, state, territory, or tribal government's response and recovery efforts. Thus, the governor of an affected state or territory or the chief executive of an affected tribal government must request that the President declare an emergency or major disaster authorizing IA. Using information submitted by the governor or chief executive in their major disaster declaration request, FEMA evaluates specific factors to determine whether there is a need for supplemental federal assistance to individuals (i.e., IA). FEMA then provides a recommendation to the President, who has sole discretion to authorize a declaration that provides IA (the declaration approval may limit the types of IA that are authorized)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Webster, Elizabeth M.
2022-02-16
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COVID-19 and Access to Medical Products: Implications of Section 301 Tariffs [Updated February 16, 2022]
From the Overview: "On October 8, 2021, the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) published a 'Federal Register' notice seeking comments on whether to reopen the process by which U.S. stakeholders could apply for exclusions from Section 301 tariffs on U.S. imports from China. Specifically, the agency requested comments on whether to reinstate 549 exclusions that were previously extended and had expired or were set to expire soon. Some of these exclusions cover products with known or potential medical uses related to the U.S. response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The USTR collected comments through its portal until December 1, 2021. Separately, in light of the spread of the COVID-19 Delta variant last summer and developments in the production capacity of U.S.-based manufacturers to satisfy various national needs, the USTR [United States Trade Representative] concluded a review of public comments on whether 99 exclusions on medical-care and/or COVID-19 response products needed to be further extended for six months ('COVID-19 Review'). [...] This report provides a brief overview of the 'General Review' as it pertains to medical products. It also includes a list of relevant exclusions categorized by: Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTS) subheading, type (entire subheading or product specific), round/action (Lists 1 through 4A), expiration date, and review process (COVID-19, General, or both). For more detail about Section 301, see CRS [Congressional Research Service] Report R46604, 'Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974: Origin, Evolution, and Use.'"
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Schwarzenberg, Andres B.
2022-02-16
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FEMA: Opportunities to Help Address Mission and Management Challenges, Statement of Chris P. Currie, Director, Homeland Security and Justice, Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Economic Development, Public Buildings, and Emergency Management, Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, House of Representatives
From the Highlights: "FEMA leads our nation's efforts to prepare for, protect against, respond to, recover from, and mitigate against the risk of disasters. In recent years, the increasing frequency and costs of disasters, the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, and other responsibilities have placed additional pressures on FEMA. This testimony discusses GAO's [Government Accountability Office] prior work and recommendations related to FEMA's challenges in four key areas: (1) workforce management; (2) long-term disaster recovery efforts; (3) potential barriers to disaster assistance and disparate recovery outcomes; and (4) future disaster resilience and mitigation."
United States. Government Accountability Office
Currie, Chris P.
2022-02-16
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 2377, Federal Extreme Risk Protection Order Act of 2021
This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the House Committee on the Judiciary on October 27, 2021. From the Bill Summary: "H.R. 2377 would allow family members and law enforcement officials to file petitions in federal courts requesting extreme risk protection orders (ERPOs) for the removal of firearms from people who are believed to present an extreme risk of harm to themselves or others. The bill would require the U.S. Marshals Service (USMS) to serve federal ERPOs, remove firearms if so ordered, and store firearms until a hearing can be held to determine whether the firearms should be returned to or kept from the respondent for a specific period."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-02-16
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 4609, National Institute of Standards and Technology for the Future Act of 2021
This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology on July 27, 2021. From the Bill Summary: "H.R. 4609 would reauthorize the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and would authorize the appropriation of specific amounts in each year from 2022 through 2026. The bill also would codify NIST's research programs in engineering biology, greenhouse gas emissions, and artificial intelligence, among others, and establish the Facilities Modernization Fund."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-02-16
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2021 Review of Notorious Markets for Counterfeiting and Piracy
From the Document: "Commercial-scale copyright piracy and trademark counterfeiting cause significant financial losses for U.S. right holders and legitimate businesses, undermine critical U.S. comparative advantages in innovation and creativity to the detriment of American workers, and pose significant risks to consumer health and safety. The 2021 Review of Notorious Markets for Counterfeiting and Piracy (Notorious Markets List, or NML) highlights prominent and illustrative examples of online and physical markets that reportedly engage in, facilitate, turn a blind eye to, or benefit from substantial piracy or counterfeiting. A goal of the NML is to motivate appropriate action by the private sector and governments to reduce piracy and counterfeiting."
United States. Executive Office of the President; United States. Office of the U.S. Trade Representative
2022-02-16?
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S. Rept. 117-79: Beat China by Harnessing Important, National Airwaves for 5G Act of 2020, February 15, 2022
From the Purpose of the Bill: "S. 4803, the Beat China by Harnessing Important, National Airwaves for 5G [fifth-generation] Act of 2020, requires the Federal Communications Commission (FCC or Commission) to make available some or all of the spectrum between the frequencies of 3450-3550 MHz [megahertz] for non-Federal use no later than December 31, 2021."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2022-02-15
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Management Advisory: DoD Support for the Relocation of Afghan Nationals at Fort McCoy, Wisconsin
From the Document: "The purpose of this management advisory is to provide the officials responsible for receiving, housing, supporting, and preparing Afghan evacuees for movement to their final resettlement location with the results from our site visit to Task Force (TF) McCoy at Fort McCoy, Wisconsin."
United States. Department of Defense. Office of the Inspector General
2022-02-15
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Evaluation of the Screening of Displaced Persons from Afghanistan
From the Executive Summary: "The objective of this evaluation was to determine the extent to which the DoD managed and tracked displaced persons from Afghanistan through the biometric enrollment, screening, and vetting process. We determined that the DoD had a supporting role during the biometric enrollment of Afghan evacuees in staging locations outside the continental United States (OCONUS) and assisted in screening Special Immigrant Visa (SIV) applicants. However, the DoD did not have a role in enrolling, screening, or overseeing the departure of Afghan parolees at temporary housing facilities (safe havens) within the continental United States (CONUS)."
United States. Department of Defense. Office of the Inspector General
2022-02-15
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Lead Inspector General for Operation Freedom's Sentinel and Operation Enduring Sentinel: Quarterly Report to the United States Congress (October 1, 2021 - December 31, 2021)
From the Foreword: "This quarterly report describes the activities of the U.S. Government in support of OFS [Operation Freedom's Sentinel] and OES [Operation Enduring Sentinel], as well as the work of the DoD, the Department of State (DoS), and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) to promote the U.S. Government's policy goals in Afghanistan, during the period of October 1, 2021, through December 31, 2021. [...] This report also discusses the planned, ongoing, and completed oversight work conducted by the Lead IG [Inspector General] agencies and our partner oversight agencies during the quarter. This quarter, the Lead IG and partner agencies issued eight audit, inspection, and evaluation reports related to OFS and OES."
United States. Department of Defense. Office of the Inspector General; United States. Department of State. Office of the Inspector General; United States. Agency for International Development. Office of Inspector General
2022-02-15
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Annual Report on Sexual Harassment and Violence at the Military Service Academies: Academic Program Year 2020-2021
From the Executive Summary: "This report provides an update on the Military Service Academies' efforts to prevent and respond to sexual assault and sexual harassment during Academic Program Year 2020-2021. The report includes data on sexual assault and sexual harassment reporting; a new research effort to identify cadet and midshipman peer influencers and social networks; an assessment of ongoing prevention and response initiatives; and the Academies' self-reported compliance with Department of Defense and Military Department policy. This year, Department representatives conducted virtual and on-site assessments, as well as provided technical assistance at the Academies (the United States Military Academy, the United States Naval Academy, and the United States Air Force Academy). Observations and action items from these engagements are included in this report across three focus areas: [1] Efforts to Reduce and Prevent Sexual Assault[;] [2] Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment Reporting[;] [and] [3] Victim Assistance Initiatives[.] This report details the Military Service Academies' strengths and challenges across these three focus areas." For further supportive documents please visit [https://sapr.mil/reports].
United States. Department of Defense
2022-02-15
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Veterans and Homelessness [Updated February 15, 2022]
From the Document: "The federal government assists veterans experiencing homelessness through a number of targeted federal programs. This In Focus describes the major federal programs that assist homeless veterans, funding for select programs, and the number and characteristics of veterans experiencing homelessness.[...] Programs to assist homeless veterans are funded through three agencies: the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Department of Labor (DOL), and Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). [...] In 2009, the VA announced a plan to end veteran homelessness by the end of FY2015. While the VA did not reach its goal within that time, it continues to focus on reducing the number of veterans experiencing homelessness. From the time the announcement was made, obligations for targeted VA homeless veterans programs have increased from $376 million in FY2009 to more than $1.8 billion in FY2020 (as of the date of this In Focus, final FY2021 obligations were not available)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Perl, Libby
2022-02-15
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Defense Primer: Department of Defense Civilian Employees [Updated February 15, 2022]
From the Background: "Federal employment evolved into a civil service system in the late 1800s. It replaced a 'spoils system' that allowed each presidential administration to appoint its political supporters as federal employees. Congress established the current federal civil service system with the 'Civil Service Reform Act of 1978' (P.L. 95-454). Its primary features are merit-based hiring and merit system principles. [...] The civil service consists of three subservices: competitive, excepted, and senior executive. The competitive service is the largest and the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) administers it. The excepted service is distinguishable by its agency-level administration and selection procedures. The senior executive service (SES) is less than one percent of the civil service. OPM centrally manages SES selections with its merit staffing procedure and qualifications review board (QRB). The QRB must verify and certify an SES aspirant's executive core qualifications (ECQs). While OPM generally oversees the civil service, the following entities have specific oversight responsibilities: [1] Office of Special Counsel (OSC); [2] Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB); and [3] Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). Just under a third of the civil service is in, or represented by, a union. Managers, supervisors, and servicemembers are excluded from unions, as are certain workforces. The Federal Labor Relations Authority (FLRA) oversees dealings between unions and federal employers."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Ott, Alan
2022-02-15
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COVID-19 Vaccination: Selected U.S. Data Sources [Updated February 15, 2022]
From the Document: "The sources below can help congressional staff track the progress of the U.S. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination campaign at the national, state, and local levels. Sources were selected for having commonly cited and frequently requested data. This list is not intended to be comprehensive. Because different resources use different methodologies, readers should check websites' notes and caveats, and use caution when comparing data. For help interpreting or analyzing these data, congressional staff should contact CRS [Congressional Research Service] (202-707-5700, or place an online request). For an overview of considerations for Congress, see CRS Report R47024, Immunization Information Systems: Overview and Current Issues [hyperlink] and CRS Insight IN11584, Tracking COVID-19 Vaccines: U.S. Data Systems and Related Issues [hyperlink] . For international sources, see CRS Insight IN11732, International COVID-19 Data and Vaccine Distribution: Selected Resources [[hyperlink] ."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Cornell, Ada S.; Napili, Angela
2022-02-15
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Stalking Concerns Raised by Bluetooth Tracking Technologies: In Brief [February 15, 2022]
From the Document: "Recent media reports have raised concerns about the use of Bluetooth tracking technologies (e.g., Apple AirTags, Tile trackers; hereinafter, 'e-trackers') to facilitate crimes such as stalking and motor vehicle theft E-trackers are small, wireless devices intended for tracking the location of belongings such as wallets or keys. However, they can also be attached to a person's car or belongings to surveil their movements and reveal their real-time location. Although e-trackers have existed for some time, advances in their precision (e.g., AirTag's ability to locate a tag down to the centimeter and floor level), their widespread marketing, and accounts of e-trackers being found secreted into purses or attached to vehicles have heightened concerns about implications for gender-based violence, and stalking in particular. This report provides an overview of the most recent statistics on technology used to facilitate stalking, features that some technology companies have implemented to prevent their e-trackers from being used to enable stalking, barriers to investigating these offenses, and selected policy options under consideration."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Hanson, Emily J.; Finklea, Kristin
2022-02-15
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Advanced Battle Management System (ABMS) [Updated February 15, 2022]
From the Document: "The Advanced Battle Management System (ABMS) is the U.S. Air Force's latest effort to create a next-generation command and control (C2) system. ABMS proposes using cloud environments and new communications methods to allow Air Force and Space Force systems to share data seamlessly using artificial intelligence to enable faster decisionmaking. The Air Force describes ABMS as its effort to create an internet of things, which would allow for sensors and C2 systems to be disaggregated from one another (counter to how the Air Force has traditionally performed C2). This program is the Air Force's contribution to the DOD's Joint All Domain Command and Control (JADC2) effort focused on modernizing DOD decisionmaking processes for combat operations. ABMS was originally envisioned to replace the E-3 Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS), which currently directs air combat operations, but later took on a broader scope. Former Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Acquisition Will Roper directed that the program become less focused on command centers and aircraft, and to instead create digital technologies, like secure cloud environments, to share data across multiple weapons systems. Dr. Roper stated the contested environment envisioned by the 2018 National Defense Strategy forced the Air Force to restructure the ABMS program. In May 2021, General David Allvin, the Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force in a DefenseOne article stated, 'What exactly 'is' ABMS? Is it software? Hardware? Infrastructure? Policy? The answer is yes to all.' [...] Since ABMS's inception, Congress has expressed interest in the development of next-generation C2 systems. The Air Force states that ABMS is a nontraditional acquisition program. As a result, Congress has questioned the Air Force's approach to replacing older systems and its approach to experimenting with emerging technologies."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Hoehn, John R.
2022-02-15
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MMWR Early Release: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, February 15, 2022: Hospitalizations of Children and Adolescents with Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19 -- COVID-NET, 14 States, July 2021-January 2022
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This early release issue of MMWR contains the following article: "Hospitalizations of Children and Adolescents with Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] -- COVID-NET, 14 States, July 2021-January 2022." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2022.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2022-02-15
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MMWR Early Release: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, February 15, 2022: Effectiveness of Maternal Vaccination with mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine During Pregnancy Against COVID-19-Associated Hospitalization in Infants Aged <6 Months -- 17 States, July 2021-January 2022
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This early release issue of MMWR contains the following article: "Effectiveness of Maternal Vaccination with mRNA [messenger ribonucleic acid] COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Vaccine During Pregnancy Against COVID-19-associated Hospitalization in Infants Aged
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2022-02-15
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 1456, Peace Corps Reauthorization Act of 2021
This is the Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the House Committee on Foreign Affairs on September 30, 2021. From the Document: "H.R. 1456 would authorize appropriations over the 2022-2024 period to fund the United States Peace Corps. The bill also would expand volunteer and employee benefits and would authorize volunteers to serve remotely. H.R. 1456 also would raise the benefit amount under the Federal Employees' Compensation Act (FECA) program for Peace Corps volunteers. Those benefits are paid from mandatory appropriations. [...] The estimated budgetary effects of H.R. 1456 are shown in Table 1. Implementing the bill would increase spending subject to appropriation by $1.2 billion over the 2022-2031 period. In addition, enacting the bill would increase direct spending by $23 million over that same period. The costs of the legislation fall within budget functions 150 (international affairs) and 600 (income security)."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-02-15
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 1787, State Antitrust Enforcement Venue Act of 2021
This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as reported by the Senate Committee on the Judiciary on February 3, 2022. From the Document: "Under current law, antitrust suits that are filed in more than one federal court district may be transferred and consolidated in a single venue at the request of a litigant or the initiative of judiciary officials. Antitrust suits brought by federal law enforcement agencies are exempt. S. 1787 would exempt from transfer and consolidation antitrust cases brought by state attorneys general, allowing those cases to remain in the court district in which they were filed. Over the 2016-2020 period, state attorneys general brought, on average, 10 antitrust suits per year in federal courts; few, if any, were consolidated."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-02-15
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 3462, SBA Cyber Awareness Act
This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as passed by the House of Representatives on November 2, 2021. From the Document: "H.R. 3462 would require the Small Business Administration (SBA) to report annually to the Congress on the state of its information technology (IT) and cybersecurity systems, the methods it could use to improve cybersecurity, any of its IT equipment or systems that were produced by an entity doing business principally in China, and any recent cybersecurity risks or incidents and subsequent responses. The act also would require the SBA to report all cybersecurity risks or incidents to the Congress as they occur and to notify the affected individuals and small businesses."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-02-15
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 3460, State Antitrust Enforcement Venue Act of 2021
This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the House Committee on the Judiciary on June 24, 2021. From the Document: "Under current law, antitrust suits that are filed in more than one federal court district may be transferred and consolidated in a single venue at the request of a litigant or the initiative of judiciary officials. Antitrust suits brought by federal law enforcement agencies are exempt. H.R. 3460 would exempt from transfer and consolidation antitrust cases brought by state attorneys general, allowing those cases to remain in the court district in which they were filed. Over the 2016-2020 period, state attorneys general brought, on average, 10 antitrust suits per year in federal courts; few, if any, were consolidated."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-02-15
