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Overview of Department of Defense Use of the Electromagnetic Spectrum [Updated July 16, 2021]
From the Document: "The Department of Defense (DOD) is the largest federal user of the electromagnetic spectrum ('the spectrum'). It holds frequencies across multiple bands to support a number of technologies and uses. DOD utilizes spectrum on a day-to-day basis, for training, and for military operations. Thus, any changes to spectrum could affect DOD operations, both domestically and with allies abroad. Further, DOD has invested significantly in spectrum-dependent technologies. A summary of some of these technologies, including wireless communications, satellites, radar technologies that support situational awareness, signal intelligence and electronic warfare technologies, is provided [herein]. Changes in spectrum may affect how DOD can use, manipulate, or develop these technologies."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Hoehn, John R.; Sayler, Kelley M.; Gallagher, Jill C.
2021-07-16
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Simulated Effects of Sea-Level Rise on the Shallow, Fresh Groundwater System of Assateague Island, Maryland and Virginia
From the Abstract: "The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the National Park Service, developed a three-dimensional groundwater-flow model for Assateague Island in eastern Maryland and Virginia to assess the effects of sea-level rise on the groundwater system. Sea-level rise is expected to increase the altitude of the water table in barrier island aquifer systems, possibly leading to adverse effects to ecosystems on the barrier islands. The potential effects of sea-level rise were evaluated by simulating groundwater conditions under sea-level-rise scenarios of 20 centimeters (cm), 40 cm, and 60 cm. Results show that as sea level rises, low-lying areas of the island originally represented as receiving freshwater recharge in the baseline scenario are inundated by saltwater. This change from freshwater recharge to saltwater decreases the overall amount of freshwater recharging the system. As the water table rises in response to the higher sea levels, freshwater flow out of the system changes, with more freshwater leaving as submarine groundwater discharge and less freshwater leaving as seeps and evapotranspiration. At the current land-surface altitude, as much as 50 percent of the island may be inundated with a 60-cm rise in sea level, and the low-lying marshes may change from freshwater to saltwater."
Geological Survey (U.S.); United States. Department of the Interior; United States. National Park Service
Fleming, Brandon J.; Raffensperger, Jeffrey Peter, 1963-; Goodling, Phillip J. . . .
2021-07-16?
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 1931, Surface Transportation Reauthorization Act of 2021
This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works on May 27, 2021. From the Document: "S. 1931 would provide budget authority over the 2022-2026 period for the Department of Transportation (DOT) to continue operating the Federal-Aid Highway Program, which is funded from the Highway Trust Fund. The bill also would authorize the appropriation of funds for certain other transportation programs administered by DOT, the Department of the Interior, and other federal agencies."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2021-07-15
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EMR-ISAC: InfoGram, Volume 21 Issue 28, July 15, 2021
The Emergency Management and Response Information Sharing and Analysis Center's (EMR-ISAC) InfoGram is a weekly publication of information concerning the protection of critical infrastructures relevant to members of the Emergency Services Sector. This issue includes the following articles: "FDA no longer authorizes use of non-NIOSH [National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]- approved or decontaminated disposable respirators"; "DHS S&T [Science and Technology Directorate] showcases research and technology for resilience against pandemics, natural disasters and threats"; "FEMA webinar series on competitive Hazard Mitigation Assistance grant programs"; "EMI [Emergency Management Institute] releases 2022 schedule for Virtual Tabletop Exercise Program"; "New StopRansomware.gov website - The US government's one-stop location to stop ransomware"; "Connecticut becomes third state to incentivize cybersecurity best practices for businesses"; and "ISAC [Information Sharing and Analysis Center] National Webinar: The Call is Coming from Inside the House - Understanding the Insider Threat."
Emergency Management and Response-Information Sharing and Analysis Center (U.S.)
2021-07-15
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 2016, Surface Transportation Investment Act of 2021
This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation on June 16, 2021. From the Document: "S. 2016 would provide budget authority over the 2022-2026 period for the Department of Transportation (DOT) to continue to operate motor carrier safety programs and highway and motor vehicle safety programs funded from the Highway Trust Fund. The bill also would authorize the appropriation of funds for rail programs and certain other transportation programs administered by DOT."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2021-07-15
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Emergency Assistance for Agricultural Land Rehabilitation [Updated July 15, 2021]
From the Summary: "The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) administers several permanently authorized programs to help producers recover from natural disasters. Most of these programs offer financial assistance to producers for a loss in the production of crops or livestock. In addition to the production assistance programs, USDA also has several permanent disaster assistance programs that help producers restore damaged crop and forest land following natural disasters. These programs offer financial and technical assistance to producers to repair, restore, and mitigate damage on private land. These emergency agricultural land assistance programs include the Emergency Conservation Program (ECP), the Emergency Forest Restoration Program (EFRP), and the Emergency Watershed Protection (EWP) program. In addition to these programs, USDA also has flexibility in administering other programs that assist with the repair of damaged cropland in the event of an emergency."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Stubbs, Megan
2021-07-15
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FY2022 Budget Documents: Internet and GPO Availability [Updated July 15, 2021]
From the Summary: "Every year the President submits a series of volumes to Congress containing the President's proposed budget for the coming fiscal year. The President's submission is required on or after the first Monday in January, but no later than the first Monday in February (31 U.S.C. §1105(a)). At times, the President's submission has been delayed beyond the statutory deadline. This year the President released the budget submission on May 28, 2021. This report provides brief descriptions of the FY2022 budget volumes and related documents, together with internet addresses, Government Publishing Office (GPO) stock numbers, and prices for obtaining print copies of these publications. It also explains how to find the locations of government depository libraries, which can provide both printed copies for reference use and internet access to the online versions. This report will be updated as events warrant."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Wilson, Carol
2021-07-15
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Navy Constellation (FFG-62) Class Frigate Program: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated July 15, 2021]
From the Introduction: "This report provides background information and discusses potential issues for Congress regarding the Navy's Constellation (FFG-62) class frigate program, a program to procure a new class of 20 guided-missile frigates (FFGs). The Navy's proposed FY2022 budget requests $1,087.9 million (i.e., about $1.1 billion) for the procurement of the third FFG-62, and $69.1 million in advance procurement (AP) funding for the fourth and fifth FFG-62s, which are programmed for procurement in one or more future fiscal years. The FFG-62 program presents several potential oversight issues for Congress. Congress's decisions on the program could affect Navy capabilities and funding requirements and the U.S. shipbuilding industrial base."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2021-07-15
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National Level Exercises: History, Authorities, and Congressional Considerations [July 15, 2021]
From the Document: "Every two years, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) conducts a National Level Exercise (NLE) to evaluate the nation's progress towards preparedness for catastrophic events. These exercises have multiple components, and culminate in a large, full-scale exercise with thousands of participants from multiple federal agencies, state, local, tribal, and territorial (SLTT) governments, industry partners, and nongovernmental organizations. The next NLE, scheduled for 2022, is to test the nation's ability to respond to a simulated earthquake along the Cascadia Subduction Zone in the Pacific Northwest, as well as subsequent aftershocks, tsunamis, and a Spill of National Significance."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Stienstra, Lauren
2021-07-15
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Wildfire Statistics [Updated July 15, 2021]
From the Document: "Wildfires are unplanned and unwanted fires, including lightning-caused fires, unauthorized human-caused fires, and escaped prescribed fire projects. States are responsible for responding to wildfires that begin on nonfederal (state, local, and private) lands, except for lands protected by federal agencies under cooperative agreements. The federal government is responsible for responding to wildfires that begin on federal lands. [...] As of July 15, 2021, over 34,000 wildfires have impacted nearly 2.3 million acres. The nationwide preparedness level is at the maximum level (5), suggesting significant commitment of shared resources."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Hoover, Katie; Hanson, Laura A.
2021-07-15
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Nonstrategic Nuclear Weapons [Updated July 15, 2021]
From the Summary: "Recent debates about U.S. nuclear weapons have questioned what role weapons with shorter ranges and lower yields can play in addressing emerging threats in Europe and Asia. These weapons, often referred to as nonstrategic nuclear weapons, have not been limited by past U.S.- Russian arms control agreements. Some analysts argue such limits would be of value, particularly in addressing Russia's greater numbers of these types of weapons. Others have argued that the United States should expand its deployments of these weapons, in both Europe and Asia, to address new risks of war conducted under a nuclear shadow. The Trump Administration addressed these questions in the Nuclear Posture Review released in February 2018, and determined that the United States should acquire two new types of nuclear weapons: a new low-yield warhead for submarine-launched ballistic missiles and a new sea-launched cruise missile. The Biden Administration may reconsider these weapons when it conducts its Nuclear Posture Review in the latter half of 2021."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Woolf, Amy F.
2021-07-15
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Navy Large Unmanned Surface and Undersea Vehicles: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated July 15, 2021]
From the Introduction: "This report provides background information and potential issues for Congress for three types of large unmanned vehicles (UVs) that the Navy wants to develop and procure in FY2022 and beyond: [1] Large Unmanned Surface Vehicles (LUSVs); [2] Medium Unmanned Surface Vehicles (MUSVs); and [3] Extra-large Unmanned Undersea Vehicles (XLUUVs). The Navy wants to acquire these large UVs as part of an effort to shift the Navy to a new fleet architecture (i.e., a new combination of ships and other platforms) that is more widely distributed than the Navy's current fleet architecture. The Navy's proposed FY2022 budget requests $434.1 million in research and development funding for these large UVs and their enabling technologies."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2021-07-15
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Jordan: Background and U.S. Relations [Updated July 15, 2021]
From the Overview: "In the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (hereinafter referred to as 'Jordan'), economic hardship exacerbated by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is further straining the political system. In recent months, the reign of 59-year-old monarch King Abdullah II bin Al Hussein (hereinafter King Abdullah II), has been challenged both from within the royal family and by tribal elites that have formed the bedrock of the kingdom since its establishment a century ago. While as of July 2021 there is no imminent crisis endangering King Abdullah's rule, public infighting from within the royal family, periodic protests from economically disaffected Jordanians, and a recent resumption in Israeli-Palestinian violence may be cause for concern among some U.S. policymakers. The United States considers Jordan a key partner in promoting Middle East peace, countering terrorism, and promoting interfaith cooperation in a volatile region. No other country in the world receives as much direct U.S. economic budgetary aid on an annual basis as Jordan."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sharp, Jeremy Maxwell
2021-07-15
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Climate and Security in the Middle East and North Africa [July 15, 2021]
From the Document: "The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is among the world's most water-stressed and vulnerable to climate change. Policymakers' concerns about a changing MENA climate include not only physical and economic impacts but also the potential implications for political stability and security in a volatile region. [...] Projections of various effects of climate change on the largely arid and semi-arid MENA region are available, although regional analyses are often constrained by limited data for MENA and downscaling from global models. Given MENA's geographic span--from Morocco to Iran-- and topographic variation (e.g., mountains, deserts, and deltas), local effects may differ from regional trends."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sharp, Jeremy Maxwell; Carter, Nicole T.; Procita, Kezee
2021-07-15
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CBP Has Placed Travelers' PII at Risk of Exploitation
From the Highlights: "U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) is responsible for securing travelers' data from cybersecurity threats. CBP's Mobile Passport Control (MPC) applications (app) -- used by more than 10 million travelers from July 2017 through December 2019 -- contained the travelers' personally identifiable information (PII) used to expedite them through CBP's inspection process. Our audit objective was to determine to what extent CBP protects its MPC apps from cybersecurity threats. [...] We made eight recommendations to improve the security of CBP's MPC program."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of Inspector General
2021-07-15
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H. Rept. 117-87: Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Bill, 2022, Report Together with Minority Views, To Accompany H.R. 4431, July 15, 2021
From the Overview: "The Committee recommendation includes $76,154,086,000 in total discretionary appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security, including $52,811,000,000 within the bill's 302(b) budget allocation, $4,544,086,000 in discretionary appropriations offset by fee collections, and $18,799,000,000 as a budget cap adjustment for major disaster response and recovery activities. The overall total is an increase of $931,023,000 above the fiscal year 2021 total and $387,333,000 above the President's budget request. The total within the allocation is $934,000,000 above the fiscal year 2021 level."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2021-07-15
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 3076, Postal Service Reform Act of 2021
This is the Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the House Committee on Oversight and Reform on May 13, 2021. From the Document: "H.R. 3076 would make several changes to the operations of the Postal Service (USPS) and establish new enrollment procedures and benefit programs for USPS employees and annuitants. USPS cash flows are recorded in the Postal Service Fund and are classified as off-budget; the cash flows of other accounts affected by H.R. 3076 are classified as on-budget. For this estimate, CBO assumes that H.R. 3076 will be enacted near the end of fiscal year 2021."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2021-07-14
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Coronavirus State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds: Frequently Asked Questions
From the Document: "This document contains answers to frequently asked questions regarding the Coronavirus State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds (CSFRF / CLFRF, or Fiscal Recovery Funds). Treasury will be updating this document periodically in response to questions received from stakeholders."
United States. Department of the Treasury
2021-07-14
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Crisis in Mali [Updated July 14, 2021]
From the Document: "Once seen as a democratic leader, Mali has become an epicenter of regional conflict and instability over the past decade. The military's ouster of the elected president in August 2020 highlighted governance failings and deepened political uncertainty. In May 2021, the same soldiers overthrew the transitional civilian leaders whom they had put in place, after chafing at Transition President Bah N'Daw's effort to replace two junta members as cabinet ministers. The leader of both coups, Colonel Assimi Goïta, has replaced N'Daw as Transition President; allied officers hold four cabinet posts and lead the transitional legislature. Under regional pressure, Goïta has promised elections in February 2022 in which he will not be a candidate, but observers question his commitment. Transitional leaders also have pledged a constitutional referendum to advance the government's 2015 peace deal with northern rebels"
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Arieff, Alexis
2021-07-14
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Debt Limit in 2021 [July 14, 2021]
From the Document: "Debt limit episodes [hyperlink] --which can be defined as starting when the statutory limit on federal debt restricts some of the U.S. Treasury's normal debt operations and ending when new legislation to modify the limit is enacted--have been a recurrent federal fiscal feature in the past two decades. Since 2002, the debt limit has been modified 18 times [hyperlink]. The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2019 (P.L. 116-37), enacted in August 2019, suspended the debt limit through July 31, 2021. Recent debt limit episodes share similarities, although the issue in 2021 has a few unique characteristics. First, the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic remains a source of economic uncertainty, and the fiscal responses it spurred have accelerated the pace of federal debt accumulation. Second, the U.S. Treasury sharply increased its cash balances in 2020 to accommodate those fiscal responses. Third, since 2015, Bipartisan Budget Acts that adjusted statutory caps on discretionary spending imposed by the Budget Control Act of 2011 (BCA; P.L. 112-25) also suspended the debt limit. The expiration of those discretionary spending caps at the end of FY2021 rendered moot the need for legislation to modify them. Thus, the legislative vehicle used for the past few debt limit modifications is unavailable in 2021."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Austin, D. Andrew
2021-07-14
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Army's Robotic Combat Vehicle (RCV) Program [July 14, 2021]
From the Background: "The RCV [robotic combat vehicle] is a vehicle being developed as part of the Army's Next Generation Combat Vehicle (NGCV) family of vehicles, which also includes the Optionally Manned Fighting Vehicle (OMFV), Mobile Protected Firepower (MPF), and the Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle (AMPV). As part of the NGCV program, the Army plans to develop three RCV variants: Light, Medium, and Heavy. The Army reportedly envisions employing RCVs as 'scouts' and 'escorts' for manned OMFVs, where they could precede OMFVs into battle to deter ambushes and to guard the flanks of OMFV formations. As originally planned, RCVs would be controlled by operators riding in NGCVs, but the Army hopes that improved ground navigation technology and artificial intelligence (AI) will eventually permit a single operator to control multiple RCVs or for RCVs to operate in a more operator-independent manner."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Feickert, Andrew
2021-07-14
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Looking Ahead: Regulating Methane from the Oil and Natural Gas Sector [July 14, 2021]
From the Document: "Congress and the Biden Administration are considering their next steps after enacting a joint resolution [hyperlink] disapproving the 2020 regulation [hyperlink]--known as the 2020 Policy Rule--that removed some methane emission standards for oil and natural gas production activities. Congress passed the joint resolution under the Congressional Review Act [hyperlink](CRA), a law that allows Congress to overturn certain agency actions in the form of a joint resolution of disapproval. President Biden signed the resolution into law (Pub. L. No. 117-23) on June 30, 2021, effectively restoring the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) 2016 methane requirements. Although most of EPA's 2016 methane rule is back in force, its fate remains unclear because of pending legislative, executive, and judicial actions. This Sidebar examines (1) the history of regulating methane emissions from the oil and gas sector under the Clean Air Act (CAA); (2) the effect of the CRA disapproval of the 2020 Policy Rule; (3) the status of related litigation; and (4) considerations for Congress."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Tsang, Linda
2021-07-14
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Taiwan: Political and Security Issues [Updated July 14, 2021]
From the Document: "Taiwan, which officially calls itself the Republic of China (ROC), is an island democracy of 23.6 million people located across the Taiwan Strait from mainland China. U.S.-Taiwan relations have been unofficial since January 1, 1979, when the Carter Administration established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China (PRC) and broke formal diplomatic ties with self-ruled Taiwan, over which the PRC claims sovereignty. The Taiwan Relations Act (TRA, P.L. 96-8; 22 U.S.C. §§3301 et seq.), enacted on April 10, 1979, provides a legal basis for this unofficial bilateral relationship. It also includes commitments related to Taiwan's security. For discussion of economic issues, see CRS [Congressional Research Service] In Focus IF10256, 'U.S.- Taiwan Trade Relations,' by Karen M. Sutter."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lawrence, Susan V.
2021-07-14
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CBP Generally Provided Accurate Notices to Appear to Migrant Protection Protocols Enrollees, but Could Improve Procedures to Reduce Future Errors
From the Highlights: "In January 2019, DHS established the Migrant Protection Protocols [MPP], which required some migrants to return to Mexico while they await their removal hearing. We conducted this audit to determine the extent to which DHS provided accurate notices to appear to MPP participants, in accordance with laws and regulations. [...] The Department of Homeland Security issued notices to appear (NTA) at removal hearings to Migrant Protection Protocols (MPP) enrollees that were mostly accurate and in accordance with laws and regulations. However, some NTAs were completed inaccurately. Specifically, of our sample of 106 NTAs issued between February 2019 and April 2020, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) served 20 that did not meet statutory, regulatory, or internal DHS legal sufficiency standards or contained inaccurate information."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of Inspector General
2021-07-14
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Violations of ICE Detention Standards at Adams County Correctional Center
From the Highlights: "In accordance with the 'Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021', we conduct unannounced inspections of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) detention facilities to ensure compliance with detention standards. Between January and February 2021, we conducted a remote inspection of the Adams County Correctional Center (Adams) to evaluate compliance with ICE detention standards and COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] requirements. [...] We made seven recommendations to improve ICE's oversight of detention facility management and operations at Adams."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of Inspector General
2021-07-14
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Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA): Emergency Temporary Standards (ETS) and COVID-19 [Updated July 13, 2021]
From the Summary: "On June 21, 2021, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) promulgated an Emergency Temporary Standard (ETS) for the prevention of the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2], the virus that causes COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] in health care employment settings. The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSH Act) gives OSHA the ability to promulgate an ETS that would remain in effect for up to six months without going through the normal review and comment process of rulemaking. OSHA, however, has rarely used this authority in the past--not since the courts struck down its ETS on asbestos in 1983. The OSHA COVID-19 ETS requires health care employers to develop COVID-19 plans and protect employees from COVID-19 exposure through health screenings, personal protective equipment (PPE), building ventilation, and physical distancing and barriers. The ETS requires healthcare employers to remove any employees with COVID-19 from the workplace while providing them with certain benefits. Health care employers are not required to mandate that their employees receive a COVID-19 vaccine but must provide reasonable time off for employees to receive a vaccine and recover from any vaccine-related side effects. The ETS includes new COVID-19 recordkeeping and reporting requirements for health care employers and permits health care employers to forgo the medical evaluation and fit-testing requirements of OSHA's respiratory protection standard when providing respirators to employees in certain circumstances."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Szymendera, Scott
2021-07-13
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COVID-19: Potential Implications for International Security Environment-- Overview of Issues and Further Reading for Congress [Updated July 13, 2021]
From the Introduction: "Some observers argue the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic could be a world-changing event with potentially profound and long-lasting implications for the international security environment. Other observers are more skeptical that the pandemic will have such effects. This report provides a brief overview of some potential implications the pandemic might have for the international security environment, and appendices listing CRS [Congressional Research Service] reports and other writings for further reading. Issues for Congress may include whether and how the pandemic could change the international security environment, whether the Biden Administration's actions for responding to such change are appropriate and sufficient, and what implications such change could have for the role of Congress in setting and overseeing the execution of U.S. foreign and defense policy. Congress's decisions regarding these issues could have significant implications for U.S. foreign and defense policy."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald; McInnis, Kathleen J.
2021-07-13
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CARES Act: Selected Data on Coronavirus-Related Distribution and Loan Usage in 2020 [July 13, 2021]
From the Introduction: "Section 2202 of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act; P.L. 116- 136) waived the 10% penalty for certain early withdrawals from retirement accounts--referred to as coronavirus-related distributions (CRDs)--and modified rules for loans from defined contribution (DC) plans in 2020 to try to assist those who may have faced financial difficulties due to the COVID-19 pandemic. 1 Retirement plans were permitted, but not required, to adopt CRDs and/or the loan provisions. These provisions--which were similar to those enacted following certain previous federally declared major disasters--expired in 2020 and, as of the date of this report, have not been extended by subsequent legislation. Following enactment of the CARES Act, some expressed concern about the use of the provisions and the extent to which usage might negatively affect retirement security. 2 Selected data on employers' adoption and individuals' utilization of the CARES Act's CRD and loan provisions in 2020 seems to indicate modest usage of these provisions. This data might be informative to Congress in understanding retirement account withdrawal and loan behavior during disasters."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Myers, Elizabeth A.
2021-07-13
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Facial Recognition Technology: Federal Law Enforcement Agencies Should Have Better Awareness of Systems Used by Employees, Statement of Gretta L. Goodwin, Director, Homeland Security and Justice, Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security, Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives
From the Highlights: "Federal agencies that employ law enforcement officers use facial recognition technology to assist criminal investigations, among other activities. For example, the technology can help identify an unknown individual in a photo or video surveillance. This statement describes (1) the ownership and use of facial recognition technology by federal agencies that employ law enforcement officers, (2) the types of activities these agencies use the technology to support, and (3) the extent that these agencies track employee use of facial recognition technology owned by non-federal entities, including the potential privacy and accuracy implications."
United States. Government Accountability Office
Goodwin, Gretta L.
2021-07-13
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F-35 Joint Strike Fighter: Cost and Schedule Risks in Modernization Program Echo Long-Standing Challenges, Statement of Jon Ludwigson, Director, Contracting and National Security Acquisitions, Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Tactical Air and Land Forces, Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives
From the Highlights: "The F-35 Lightning II Joint Strike Fighter program began development in 2001 and remains DOD's most expensive weapon system program. Currently, the program is more than 8 years delayed and $165 billion over original cost expectations. As the program progresses toward completing operational testing of the aircraft's baseline capabilities, it still faces risks. DOD is also 3 years into an effort, called Block 4, to modernize the F-35 aircraft's capabilities. Block 4 is loosely based on Agile software development processes. With this approach, DOD intends to incrementally develop, test, and deliver small groups of new capabilities every 6 months. This testimony discusses acquisition-related risks in the F-35 program."
United States. Government Accountability Office
Ludwigson, Jon R.
2021-07-13
