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Political Question Doctrine: Historical Background (Part 2) [June 14, 2022]

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From the Document: "This Legal Sidebar is the second in a six-part series [hyperlink] that discusses the Supreme Court's political question doctrine, which instructs that federal courts should forbear from resolving questions when doing so would require the judiciary to make policy decisions, exercise discretion beyond its competency, or encroach on powers the Constitution vests in the legislative or executive branches. By limiting the range of cases federal courts can consider, the political question doctrine is intended to maintain the separation of powers and recognize the roles of the legislative and executive branches in interpreting the Constitution. Understanding the political question doctrine may assist Members of Congress in recognizing when actions of Congress or the executive branch would not be subject to judicial review. For additional background on this topic and citations to relevant sources, please see the Constitution of the United States, Analysis and Interpretation [hyperlink]."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Lampe, Joanna R.

2022-06-14
Political Question Doctrine: The Doctrine in the Modern Era (Part 3) [June 14, 2022]

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From the Document: "This Legal Sidebar is the third in a six-part series [hyperlink] that discusses the Supreme Court's political question doctrine, which instructs that federal courts should forbear from resolving questions when doing so would require the judiciary to make policy decisions, exercise discretion beyond its competency, or encroach on powers the Constitution vests in the legislative or executive branches. By limiting the range of cases federal courts can consider, the political question doctrine is intended to maintain the separation of powers and recognize the roles of the legislative and executive branches in interpreting the Constitution. Understanding the political question doctrine may assist Members of Congress in recognizing when actions of Congress or the executive branch would not be subject to judicial review. For additional background on this topic and citations to relevant sources, please see the Constitution of the United States, Analysis and Interpretation [hyperlink]."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Lampe, Joanna R.

2022-06-14
Political Question Doctrine: An Introduction (Part 1) [June 14, 2022]

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From the Document: "This Legal Sidebar is the first in a six-part series that discusses the Supreme Court's political question doctrine, which instructs that federal courts should forbear from resolving questions when doing so would require the judiciary to make policy decisions, exercise discretion beyond its competency, or encroach on powers the Constitution vests in the legislative or executive branches. By limiting the range of cases federal courts can consider, the political question doctrine is intended to maintain the separation of powers and recognize the roles of the legislative and executive branches in interpreting the Constitution. Understanding the political question doctrine may assist Members of Congress in recognizing when actions of Congress or the executive branch would not be subject to judicial review. For additional background on this topic and citations to relevant sources, please see the Constitution of the United States, Analysis and Interpretation [hyperlink]."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Lampe, Joanna R.

2022-06-14
MMWR Early Release: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, June 14, 2022: Trends in Acute Hepatitis of Unspecified Etiology and Adenovirus Stool Testing Results in Children -- United States, 2017-2022

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The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This [name of series] issue of MMWR contains the following article: "Trends in Acute Hepatitis of Unspecified Etiology and Adenovirus Stool Testing Results in Children - United States, 2017-2022"

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)

2022-06-14
Government Efficiency and Effectiveness: Additional Opportunities to Reduce Fragmentation, Overlap, and Duplication and Achieve Billions of Dollars in Financial Benefits, Statement of Gene L. Dodaro Comptroller General of the United States, Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Spending Oversight, Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, U.S. Senate

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From the Document: "I am pleased to be here today to discuss opportunities to reduce fragmentation, overlap, and duplication, and achieve cost savings and other financial benefits for the federal government. GAO [Government Accountability Office] issues annual reports on federal programs, agencies, offices, and initiatives--either within departments or government-wide--that have duplicative goals or activities. As part of this work, GAO also identifies additional opportunities for greater efficiency and effectiveness that result in cost savings or enhanced revenue collection. Opportunities exist for achieving billions of dollars in financial benefits and improving the efficiency and effectiveness of a wide range of federal programs in other areas such as, but not limited to, defense, health, and energy."

United States. Government Accountability Office

Dodaro, Gene L.

2022-06-14
Remote Sales Tax: Initial Observations on Effects of States' Expanded Authority, Statement of James R. Mctigue, Jr., Director, Tax Policy and Administration, Testimony Before the Committee on Finance, U.S. Senate

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From the Highlights: "Sales tax is an important revenue source for the 45 states with a statewide sales tax, making up an average of about one-third of states' total tax collections. Over the past quarter century, electronic commerce (e-commerce) sales have grown rapidly. However, until recently states could not require e-commerce and other businesses operating out-of-state to collect taxes on sales to residents of their states unless the business had a physical presence in the state. GAO [Government Accountability Office] was asked to testify on how states and businesses have been affected by the 'Wayfair' decision. This statement summarizes GAO's findings from a November 2017 report (GAO18-114 [hyperlink]) and initial observations from ongoing work examining (1) the current landscape of remote sales tax requirements, (2) how state revenue has been affected by these requirements, and (3) what types of costs businesses have incurred in complying with the requirements. For the part of this statement based on ongoing work, GAO administered a survey to revenue agencies in all 45 states with a statewide sales tax and the District of Columbia. Forty-three states and the District of Columbia responded, for a response rate of 95 percent. GAO also interviewed multiple organizations representing states and businesses, as well as businesses engaged in e-commerce and multistate taxation, selected to represent a broad range of perspectives."

United States. Government Accountability Office

McTigue, James R., Jr.

2022-06-14
Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 816, Diplomatic Support and Security Act of 2022

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From the Document: "S. 816 would alter the Department of State's process for investigating serious security incidents at U.S. government missions overseas to promote a culture of risk management instead of risk avoidance. The bill also would require the department to include more information about risk assessments in its monthly briefings to the Congress. On the basis of information about the costs to prepare similar reports, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that satisfying that requirement would cost less than $500,000 over the 2022-2027 period. Such spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds. Under current law, the department must appoint an Accountability Review Board to investigate a security breach caused by foreign intelligence activities or a security incident involving loss of life, serious injury, or significant destruction of property. Such boards determine whether security measures were adequate and properly implemented and whether to subject any employees who are found accountable to adverse personnel actions. The board can administer oaths, issue subpoenas, and require testimony and depositions."

United States. Congressional Budget Office

2022-06-14
Department of Homeland Security Fusion Center Engagement and Information Sharing Strategy for 2022-2026

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From the Document: "This document outlines a multi-year commitment to supporting our law enforcement and homeland security partners in states and cities nationwide, and describes how DHS enables information sharing vital to fusion centers' missions and our national security. Threats may take the form of international terrorism, transnational organized crime, domestic violent extremism, cyber intrusions, and many other dangers to Americans. All such threats to our homeland will be answered with the most informed responses by DHS and our partners. Under Secretary Mayorkas's leadership, the Department is committed to supporting our partners across every level of government, including by sharing timely and actionable information and intelligence. In line with this commitment, this strategy will help ensure the Homeland Security Enterprise is equipped with the tools to keep our communities safe and resilient."

United States. Department of Homeland Security

2022-06-14?
How Treasury Issues Debt [Updated June 14, 2022]

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From the Introduction: "The U.S. Department of the Treasury (Treasury) is responsible for issuing federal government debt. Debt issuance is a core component of Treasury's role as the manager of government operations, as it is needed when tax revenue collections are insufficient to meet the demand of federal obligations. The primary objective of Treasury's debt management strategy is to finance the government's borrowing needs at the lowest cost over time. To accomplish this Treasury adheres to three principles: (1) to issue debt in a regular and predictable pattern, (2) to provide transparency in the decisionmaking process, and (3) to seek continuous improvements in the auction process. [...] This report examines Treasury's debt management practices, focusing on the auction process, how prices and interest rates of securities are determined, and the role of market participants in the process. It also addresses the role of debt in influencing present and future budget outcomes."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Driessen, Grant A.

2022-06-14
Juvenile Life Without Parole: In Brief [June 13, 2022]

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From the Document: "This report provides information on the federal role in juvenile justice, including the sentencing of juvenile offenders, as well as implications from recent Supreme Court decisions concerning juvenile sentencing. The report also discusses research related to cognitive development that is commonly cited in policy debates about juvenile offenders. It concludes by presenting key issues that may be of interest to Congress."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Hanson, Emily J.; Lampe, Joanna R.

2022-06-13
Paid Family and Medical Leave in the United States [Updated June 13, 2022]

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From the Introduction: "Paid family and medical leave (PFML) refers to partially or fully compensated time away from work for specific and generally significant family caregiving needs ('paid family leave') or for the employee's own serious medical condition ('paid medical leave'). Family caregiving needs include those such as the arrival of a new child or serious illness of a close family member. Medical conditions that may qualify for medical leave generally must be severe enough to require medical intervention and interfere with a worker's performance of key job responsibilities. Although the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (FMLA; P.L. 103-3, as amended) provides eligible workers with a federal entitlement to unpaid leave for a limited set of family caregiving needs, federal law does not require private-sector employers to provide 'paid leave' of any kind. [...] This report provides an overview of PFML in the United States, summarizes state-level family and medical leave insurance program provisions, reviews PFML policies in other advanced-economy countries, and describes recent federal legislative action to increase access to paid family and medical leave."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Donovan, Sarah A.

2022-06-13
Audit of the Department of Defense's Implementation of Predictive Maintenance Strategies to Support Weapon System Sustainment

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From the Objective: "The objective of this audit was to determine whether the DoD tracked, monitored, and shared lessons learned regarding impacts of predictive maintenance on weapon system sustainment. Our objective was also to determine whether select predictive maintenance strategies achieved cost and availability goals. However, during the planning phase, we identified that the Services had not fully implemented predictive maintenance strategies. Therefore, we amended our objective to determine the extent that the DoD had implemented predictive maintenance in accordance with guidance."

United States. Department of Defense. Office of the Inspector General

2022-06-13
National Volcano Early Warning System [Updated June 13, 2022]

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From the Document: "In 2019, Congress authorized a National Volcano Early Warning and Monitoring System (NVEWS; Section 5001 of P.L. 116-9; 43 U.S.C. 31k). The law directs the Secretary of the Interior to establish NVEWS to monitor volcanoes, warn U.S. citizens of volcanic activity, and protect citizens from 'undue and avoidable harm' resulting from volcanic activity. In FY2022, Congress provided funds to begin implementation of NVEWS. Many in Congress are interested in a volcano early warning and monitoring system because the nation faces threats from many active volcanoes. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS, a bureau within the Department of the Interior) published an assessment in 2018 of the volcanic threat and indicated that better monitoring is necessary for effective warnings. The USGS volcanic threat assessment assigned five threat levels (very high, high, moderate, low, and very low) to 161 volcanoes in 14 states and U.S. territories[.]"

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Rowan, Linda R.

2022-06-13
U.S.-Philippine Relations and Ferdinand Marcos Jr.'s Election [June 13, 2022]

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From the Document: "Ferdinand 'Bongbong' Marcos Jr. won the Philippine presidential election on May 9, 2022. Marcos Jr., the son of former Philippine president Ferdinand Marcos [hyperlink], won more than 31 million or 58% of the 55 million votes cast. [...] U.S.-Philippine people-people ties are extensive, and the two nations have long shared a wide range of strategic and economic interests. As a U.S. ally and key partner for U.S. efforts in maritime security and counterterrorism in Southeast Asia, the Philippines plays an important role in the U.S. Indo-Pacific Strategy [hyperlink]. Under the 1951 Mutual Defense Treaty [hyperlink], the United States and the Philippines, a former U.S. colony, committed to help defend each other against external armed attack. The Philippines is the largest recipient of U.S. military assistance and Development Assistance account funding in the East Asia-Pacific region. The U.S.-Philippines Congressional Friendship Caucus [hyperlink] was launched in 2021 in honor of the 75th anniversary of diplomatic relations between the two countries. In May 2022, the Philippines became one of the initial members of the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework [hyperlink] launched by the Biden Administration."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Dolven, Ben; Lum, Thomas G. (Thomas Gong), 1961-

2022-06-13
Navy Ship Names: Background for Congress [Updated June 13, 2022]

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From the Summary: "Names for Navy ships traditionally have been chosen and announced by the Secretary of the Navy, under the direction of the President and in accordance with rules prescribed by Congress. Rules for giving certain types of names to certain types of Navy ships have evolved over time. There have been exceptions to the Navy's ship-naming rules, particularly for the purpose of naming a ship for a person when the rule for that type of ship would have called for it to be named for something else. Some observers have perceived a breakdown in, or corruption of, the rules for naming Navy ships. Section 370 of the FY2021 NDAA [National Defense Authorization Act] (H.R. 6395/P.L. [Public Law] 116-283 of January 1, 2021) established a commission regarding the removal and renaming of certain assets of the Department of Defense (including ships) that commemorate the Confederate States of America or any person who served voluntarily with the Confederate States of America."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

O'Rourke, Ronald

2022-06-13
H. Rept: 117-360: Small State and Rural Rescue Act, Report to Accompany H.R. 7211, June 13, 2022

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From the Document: "The purpose of H.R. 7211 is to amend the 'Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act' and review a final rule of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). [...] 'The Rural Disaster Assistance Fairness Act of 2005' [...] created the Small State and Rural Advocate position to work on behalf of states with small populations. H.R. 7211 amends the 'Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (Stafford Act', P.L. [public law] 93-288, as amended) to expand and codify the responsibilities of FEMA's Small State and Rural Advocate (SSRA) when helping state and local officials demonstrate localized impact and apply for federal disaster aid. The new responsibilities direct the SSRA to assist states with the collection and presentation of material in their disaster or emergency declaration requests. The bill also directs the Government Accountability Office (GAO) to conduct a review of the factors FEMA considers when evaluating a governor's request for individual assistance in the aftermath of a disaster."

United States. Government Publishing Office

2022-06-13
H. Rept. 117-363, Part 1: Post-Disaster Assistance Online Accountability Act, Report to Accompany H.R. 2020, Including Cost Estimate of the Congressional Budget Office, June 13, 2022

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From the Purpose of Legislation: "The purpose of H.R. 2020 is to provide for an online repository for the reporting of certain Federal disaster assistance across federal agencies."

United States. Government Publishing Office

2022-06-13
Key Insights: Identity Fraud Reduction and Redress in Pandemic Response Programs

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From the Document: "This Insights Report is based on information gathered by the Pandemic Response Accountability Committee's (PRAC) Identity Fraud Reduction and Redress (IFRR) Working Group and other relevant partners. The report outlines challenges related to addressing identity fraud and highlights actions government agencies can take to both reduce identity fraud and improve victim redress programs."

Pandemic Response Accountability Committee

2022-06-13
PLA Air Force: Bomber Force Training

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From the Document: "This paper provides information about bomber pilot training with a focus on daily training and over-water training in the Western Pacific and South China Sea, as well as participation in the Golden Dart competition in China and the Aviadarts component of the International Army Games (IAG [...]), which are co-organized by China, Russia, Belarus, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Armenia, and Iran."

China Aerospace Studies Institute (U.S.)

Allen, Kenneth W.

2022-06-13?
H. Rept. 117-364, Part 1: Restoring Hope for Mental Health and Well-Being Act of 2022, Report to Accompany H.R. 7666, June 13, 2022

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From the Purpose and Summary: "H.R. 7666, the 'Restoring Hope for Mental Health and Well-Being Act of 2022,' amends the Public Health Service Act to reauthorize and establish certain mental health and substance use disorder programs at the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) and the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) through fiscal year 2027, for the purposes of improving Americans' mental health and addressing substance use disorders. H.R. 7666 includes provisions to support crisis care and other mental health services for a range of populations, as well as substance use disorder prevention, treatment, and recovery support services. The legislation provides increased support for youth suicide prevention, maternal mental health, and jail diversion programs. Further, the bill includes provisions to assist in addiction and overdose prevention and treatment, including expanded access to medication-assisted treatment and provider training. H.R. 7666 also facilitates further integration of mental health and primary care services, bolsters the mental health care workforce, applies mental health parity requirements to self-funded, non-governmental plans, and supports enforcement of mental health parity requirements."

United States. Government Publishing Office

2022-06-13
Command Investigation into the 6 May 2021 and 20 November 2021 Incidents at Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility

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From the Command Investigation into the 6 May 2021 and 20 November 2021 Incidents at Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility by Admiral William K. Lescher, Vice Chief of Naval Operations: "I reviewed the subject investigation (Cavanaugh report) as supplemented by Enclosure (l) along with the first endorsement and related comments. The contamination of drinking water from the Red Hill Shaft was the result of the Navy's ineffective immediate responses to the 6 May and 20 November 202 l fuel releases at the Red Hill Bulk Fuel Storage Facility (Red Hill), and failure to resolve with urgency deficiencies in system design and construction, system knowledge, and incident response training. These deficiencies endured due to seams in accountability and a failure to learn from prior incidents that falls unacceptably short of Navy standards for leadership, ownership, and the safeguarding of our communities. [...] This investigation characterizes the primary and proximate factors that caused the 2021 events, providing the foundation for a comprehensive approach to safeguarding the environment and executing the Secretary of Defense's decision to defuel Red Hill."

United States. Department of the Navy

2022-06-13
Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol: 06/13/22 Select Committee Hearing [video]

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This is the June 13, 2022 hearing on "Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol." The duration of the video is two hours, eight minutes, and five seconds.

United States. Congress. House. Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol

2022-06-13
America COMPETES Act Amendments to the Lacey Act [June 10, 2022]

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From the Document: "Section 71102 of the America COMPETES [America Creating Opportunities to Meaningfully Promote Excellence in Technology, Education, and Science Act of 2007] Act, H.R. 4521 (passed the House), would amend the injurious species provisions of the Lacey Act (18 U.S.C. §42). [...] In 2017, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit held in 'U.S. Association of Reptile Keepers v. Zinke' [hyperlink] that the statute did not prohibit interstate shipment of injurious species--that is, shipment between states within the 49 continental United States. The statute identifies certain species as injurious and authorizes the Secretary of the Interior to identify other species as injurious [hyperlink] to human beings; the interests of agriculture, horticulture, forestry; or wildlife or the wildlife resources of the United States. The Secretary may list as injurious any 'species of wild mammals, wild birds, fish (including mollusks and crustacea), amphibians, reptiles, brown tree snakes, or the offspring or eggs of any of the foregoing.' [...] Section 71102 of H.R. 4521 [hyperlink], as passed by the House, would amend the injurious species section of the Lacey Act. First, it would prohibit 'any interstate transport within the United States.' This provision could be interpreted to prohibit transport across state lines or transport in interstate commerce activity that does not necessarily cross state lines. Second, it would allow the Secretary to issue an emergency designation of any species of wild mammal, wild bird, fish, amphibian, or reptile as injurious and prohibit its import for up to three years."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Ward, Erin H.; Sheikh, Pervaze A.

2022-06-10
Arms Sales: Congressional Review Process [June 10, 2022]

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From the Summary: "This report reviews the process and procedures that apply to congressional consideration of foreign arms sales proposed by the President. This includes consideration of proposals to sell major defense equipment, defense articles and services, or the retransfer to third-party states of such items. Under the Arms Export Control Act (AECA), the President must formally notify Congress 30 calendar days before the Administration can take the final steps to conclude a government-to-government foreign military sale of major defense equipment valued at $14 million or more, defense articles or services valued at $50 million or more, or design and construction services valued at $200 million or more. In the case of such sales to NATO member states, NATO, Japan, Australia, South Korea, Israel, or New Zealand, the President must formally notify Congress 15 calendar days before the Administration can proceed with the transaction. However, the prior notice threshold values are higher for sales to these destinations."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Kerr, Paul K.

2022-06-10
NATO: Finland and Sweden Seek Membership [June 10, 2022]

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From the Document: "On May 18, 2022, Finland and Sweden applied [hyperlink] to join the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO[...]). Prompted by growing security concerns about Russia and its 2022 invasion of Ukraine, Finland's [hyperlink] and Sweden's decisions [hyperlink] mark a historic shift [hyperlink] for these traditionally militarily nonaligned countries. The Biden Administration [hyperlink] and many Members of Congress [hyperlink] have responded positively to the prospect of Finland and Sweden joining NATO, arguing that the addition of these two mature democracies [hyperlink] with advanced militaries [hyperlink] will enhance security [hyperlink] in the Baltic Sea region and the broader EuroAtlantic area. NATO enlargement must be approved by all 30 current NATO members; U.S. approval requires Senate advice and consent."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Archick, Kristin; Belkin, Paul; Bowen, Andrew S.

2022-06-10
School Safety and Target Hardening [June 10, 2022]

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From the Document: "The May 2022 deaths of 19 students and 2 teachers in a mass shooting at Robb Elementary School in Uvalde, TX, has led some Members of Congress to discuss a range of policy options to address gun violence in schools, several of which have been considered after previous mass shootings in schools. One option that has again gained the attention of policymakers is 'target hardening' of schools, which generally involves attempts to fortify schools against gun violence through their physical design and additional security measures."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

James, Nathan

2022-06-10
Nordic Countries and U.S. Relations [Updated June 10, 2022]

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From the Document: "The five Nordic countries--Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden--share deep historical, linguistic, and cultural ties and many political and economic similarities. They are all stable democracies with parliamentary systems of government and prosperous market economies with relatively high standards of living. With a total population of roughly 27 million people, the Nordics collectively form the world's 12th -largest economy. They have extensive social welfare systems and relatively high tax rates but are considered to be innovative, business-friendly countries. The Nordics generally rank high on global competitiveness indexes. Foreign trade plays a key role in their economies. They also enjoy substantial natural resources. Norway in particular benefits from vast North Sea oil and natural gas deposits."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Archick, Kristin

2022-06-10
WTO: 12th Ministerial, COVID-19, and Ongoing Issues [Updated June 10, 2022]

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From the Overview: "Due to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the World Trade Organization (WTO) postponed its 12th Ministerial Conference (MC12) multiple times from June 2020 to June 2022. The biennial meeting, which usually involves active U.S. participation, has been widely anticipated as an action-forcing event for the WTO amid serious challenges facing the global trading system. Some members hope key results for ongoing negotiations could help bolster the WTO's relevance. In addition, a dispute settlement crisis continues, with the WTO's Appellate Body ceasing to operate in 2019, and no consensus on solutions. Broader reforms of the institution also remain under discussion, including some U.S. proposals. While MC12 and other meetings had been suspended during part of 2021, members continued some WTO operations virtually and resumed some in-person. WTO Director-General (DG) Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, newly appointed in February 2021, has faced the challenge of positioning the organization to advance multilateral cooperation in the wake of the pandemic and the war in Ukraine. As MC12 approaches, she has urged members to bridge differences and deliver results, while laying the groundwork for 'what we need to do for life after MC12 and moving towards MC13.'"

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Cimino-Isaacs, Cathleen D.; Fefer, Rachel F.; Fergusson, Ian F.

2022-06-10
Ukraine and International Financial Institutions [Updated June 10, 2022]

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From the Document: "Russia's war against Ukraine has devastated the Ukrainian economy and is having widespread repercussions in Europe and around the world. While the economic impact is largest in Ukraine, neighboring countries are suffering from trade disruptions; higher food, energy, and commodity prices; and an influx of refugees. The World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and other international financial institutions (IFIs) are providing emergency assistance to Ukraine and neighboring countries and are developing short- and medium-term assistance strategies. The United States government is supporting these efforts through U.S. leadership at the IFIs and through additional bilateral contributions. On April 28, the Biden Administration requested new FY2022 funding for IFIs as part of an emergency supplemental budget request for Ukraine, which was incorporated in H.R. 7691, which was signed into law on May 21."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Weiss, Martin A.

2022-06-10
MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, June 10, 2022

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The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This issue of MMWR contains the following: "Characteristics of Adults Aged ≥18 Years Evaluated for Substance Use and Treatment Planning -- United States, 2019"; "COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Vaccination Coverage, by Race and Ethnicity -- National Immunization Survey Adult COVID Module, United States, December 2020-November 2021"; "Monkeypox Outbreak -- Nine States, May 2022"; "Ventilation Improvement Strategies Among K [kindergarten]-12 Public Schools -- The National School COVID-19 Prevention Study, United States, February 14-March 27, 2022"; "Notes from the Field: Initial Outbreak Response Activity Following Wild Poliovirus Type 1 Detection -- Malawi, February 2022"; and "QuickStats: Percentage of Adults Aged ≥18 Years with Diagnosed Heart Disease, by Urbanization Level and Age Group -- National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2020." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link [https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2022.html].

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)

2022-06-10

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