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National Response Framework Overview Briefing for Local, Tribal, and State Response Partners
This presentation addresses the purpose and key concepts of the National Response Framework (NRF). In addition to the topics covered in the the general overview briefing, this briefing includes a special emphasis on stakeholder responsibilities for individual households, local, tribal, and state governments. The speaker's notes are included as a separate layer in the PDF file that can be toggled on or off according to the viewer's preferences.
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2008-01-22
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National Response Framework Rollout Overview Briefing [slides only]
This presentation addresses the purpose and key concepts of the National Response Framework (NRF). Topics include the following: organization, changes, application, leadership, new capabilities, and the roll out plan for the NRF.
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2008-01-22
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 4408, National Strategy to Combat Terrorist Travel Act of 2016
"H.R. 4408 would require the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), within 180 days of the bill's enactment, to transmit to the Congress a strategy to disrupt the domestic and international travel of terrorists. This report would describe existing programs to combat terrorist travel, identify current vulnerabilities that could be exploited by enemies of the United States, and include a plan to implement protective actions. During the seven-year period after enactment, H.R. 4408 would require DHS to update the strategy within 180 days of the beginning of a new presidential administration. For 10 years after enactment, DHS would have to update the implementation plan annually. Based on information from DHS, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that the reports and implementation plans required by H.R. 4408 would cost less than $500,000 annually and would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds. Any costs in subsequent years to carry out those plans for additional equipment or personnel, for example--would be attributable to separate legislation. Enacting the legislation would not affect direct spending or revenues; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures do not apply. CBO estimates that enacting H.R. 4408 would not increase net direct spending or on-budget deficits in any of the four consecutive 10-year periods beginning in 2027."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2016-02-19
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Estimate of PL 111-230 - Making Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for Border Security for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2010, and for Other Purposes
This document provides estimates of the cost of P.L.-111-230, which intends to make "emergency supplemental appropriations for border security for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2010." It includes estimates through 2020 for the Department of Homeland Security, the Department of Justice, the judiciary, and for general provisions.
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2010
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 1425, Wartime Treatment Study Act
"H.R. 1425 would establish the Commission on Wartime Treatment of European Americans and the Commission on Wartime Treatment of Jewish Refugees. The first commission would review the conduct of the United States government during World War II towards European Americans and European Latin Americans. The second commission would focus on the government's treatment of Jewish refugees during World War II. Each commission, consisting of seven members, would have 18 months to report on its findings and recommendations. Members would serve without pay, but would be reimbursed for travel expenses. In addition, the commissions could hire staff or use personnel from other agencies. Each commission would terminate 60 days after submitting its final report. To fund the costs of the commissions, the bill would authorize the appropriation of $1.2 million ($600,000 per commission). "
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2009-11-18
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 1104, An Act to Increase the Number of Iraqi and Afghani Translators and Interpreters Who May Be Admitted to the United States as Special Immigrants
"Current law allows certain nationals of Iraq or Afghanistan who have worked with the U.S. Armed Forces as translators to apply for permanent U.S. residence as special immigrants. This opportunity is limited to 50 individuals, plus their families, during any fiscal year. S. 1104 would increase the current limit to 500 translators or interpreters, plus their families, for each of fiscal years 2007 and 2008. Enacting this legislation could affect direct spending and revenues by the Department of Homeland Security, the Department of State, and certain federal assistance programs. Because so few special visas would be provided, however, CBO [Congressional Budget Office ] estimates that S. 1104 would have no significant budgetary impact. S. 1104 contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act and would impose no significant costs on state, local, or tribal governments."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2007-05-21
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6 CFR Part 37: Minimum Standards for Drivers' Licenses and Identification Cards Acceptable by Federal Agencies for Official Purposes, final rule
"This rule establishes standards to meet the minimum requirements of the REAL ID Act of 2005. These standards involve a number of aspects of the process used to issue identification documents, including: information and security features that must be incorporated into each card; application information to establish the identity and immigration status of an applicant before a card can be issued; and physical security standards for facilities where drivers' licenses and applicable identification cards are produced. This final rule also provides a process for States to seek an additional extension of the compliance deadline to May 11, 2011, by demonstrating material compliance with the core requirements of the Act and this rule. Finally, taking into consideration the operational burdens on State Departments of Motor Vehicles, this rule extends the enrollment time period to allow States determined by DHS to be in compliance with the Act to replace all licenses intended for official purpose with REAL ID-compliant cards by December l, 2014 for people born after December 1, 1964, and by December 1, 2017 for those born on or before December 1, 1964."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2008
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8 CFR Part 274a: Safe-Harbor Procedures for Employers Who Receive a No-Match Letter: Clarification; Initial Regulatory Flexibility Analysis, Supplemental Proposed Rule
"The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is proposing to amend its regulations that provide a 'safe harbor' from liability under section 274A of the Immigration and Nationality Act for employers who follow certain procedures after receiving a notice - from the Social Security Administration (SSA), called a 'no-match letter,' or from DHS, called a 'notice of suspect document' - that casts doubt on the employment eligibility of their employees. The prior final rule was published on August 15, 2007 (the August 2007 Final Rule). Implementation of that rule was preliminarily enjoined by the United States District Court for the Northern District of California on October 10, 2007. The district court based its preliminary injunction on three findings. This supplemental proposed rule clarifies certain aspects of the August 2007 Final Rule and responds to the three findings underlying the district court's injunction."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2008
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Choices for Deficit Reduction
From the Summary: "The United States is facing fundamental budgetary challenges. Federal debt held by the public exceeds 70 percent of the nation's annual output (gross domestic product, or GDP)--a percentage not seen since 1950--and a continuation of current policies would boost the debt further. Although debt would decline to 58 percent of GDP in 2022 under the current-law assumptions that underlie the Congressional Budget Office's (CBO's) baseline projections, those projections depend heavily on significant increases in taxes and decreases in spending that are scheduled to take effect at the beginning of January. If, instead, lawmakers maintained current policies by preventing most of those changes from occurring--what CBO refers to as the alternative fiscal scenario--debt held by the public would increase to 90 percent of GDP 10 years from now and continue to rise rapidly thereafter. Federal debt cannot grow faster than the nation's output indefinitely, and prolonged increases in debt relative to GDP can cause significant long-term damage to both the government's finances and the broader economy. […] This report reviews the scale and sources of the federal government's budgetary imbalance, various options for bringing spending and taxes into closer alignment, and criteria that lawmakers and the public might use to evaluate different approaches to deficit reduction. The report focuses on CBO's alternative fiscal scenario, rather than on the current-law baseline, to show the size of the policy changes--relative to policies now in place--that would be necessary to put the budget on a more sustainable path."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2012-11
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 6083, Federal Agriculture Reform and Risk Management Act of 2012
From the Summary: "H.R. 6083 would amend and extend a number of major programs administered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), including those addressing farm income support, food and nutrition, land conservation, trade promotion, rural development, research, forestry, energy, horticulture, and crop insurance. When combined with estimated spending under CBO's [Congressional Budget Office] baseline projections for those programs, CBO estimates that enacting the Federal Agriculture Reform and Risk Management Act of 2012 would bring total direct spending for those USDA programs to $957.7 billion over the 2013-2022 period--$35.1 billion less than we project would be spent if those programs were continued as under current law."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2012-07-26
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Supplemental Table: Persons Obtaining Legal Permanent Resident Status by State of Residence and Region and Country of Birth: Fiscal Year 2007
This data table from the U.S. Department of Homeland Security presents statistics on the number of people obtaining legal permanent resident status organized by state of residence, region, and country of birth for the 2007 fiscal year.
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2008
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Appendix B - List of Tier 1 Highway Security-Sensitive Materials (Tier 1 HSSM) and Tier 2 Highway Security-Sensitive Materials (Tier 2 HSSM) with Corresponding Security Action Items
This documents provides information on the level of security needed to transport Tier 1 Highway Security-Sensitive Materials (Tier 1 HSSM) and Tier 2 Highway Security-Sensitive Materials (Tier 2 HSSM). "The security action items have been divided into four categories 1) general security; 2) personnel security; 3) unauthorized access; and 4) en-route security. General security measures pertain to security threat assessments, security planning, protecting critical information, and awareness of industry security practices. Personnel security and unauthorized access refer to practices affecting the security of the motor carrier's employees, contracted employees, and its property. En-route security refers to the actual movement and handling of motor vehicles containing HSSM."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2008
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 250, Justice for All Reauthorization Act of 2012
From the Summary: "S. 250 would authorize the appropriation of nearly $1.5 billion over the 2013-2017 period, mostly for Department of Justice (DOJ) programs to enhance the analysis of DNA samples relating to criminal investigations. Under current law, $388 million of that total is already authorized to be appropriated. Assuming appropriation of the newly authorized amounts (about $1.1 billion), CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing S. 250 would cost $622 million over the 2013-2017 period and $450 million after 2017. Pay-as-you-go procedures do not apply to this legislation because it would not affect direct spending or revenues. S. 250 contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) and would impose no costs on state, local, or tribal governments."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2012-08-13
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 398, A Bill to Amend the Immigration and Nationality Act to Toll, During Active-duty Service Abroad in the Armed Forces, the Periods of Time to File a Petition and Appear for an Interview to Remove the Conditional Basis for Permanent Resident Status, and for Other Purposes
"H.R. 398 would extend the period of time available for certain members of the U.S. Armed Forces and their spouses to complete requirements to gain permanent U.S. residence. This legislation would affect a small number of people, and CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that it would have no significant effect on the federal budget. Because the bill could affect direct spending for visa and immigration matters and increase the cost of federal assistance programs, pay-as-you-go procedures apply; however, we estimate that those costs would be insignificant."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2011-02-02
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Supplemental Table: Immigrant- Orphans Adopted by U.S. Citizens by State of Residence, Gender and Age: Fiscal Year 2007
This data table from the U.S. Department of Homeland Security presents statistics on the number of immigrant orphans adopted by U.S. citizens organized by state of residence,gender, and age for the 2007 fiscal year.
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2008
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 184, Controlled Substances Export Reform Act of 2005
"H.R. 184 would permit the Attorney General to authorize the export of certain controlled substances from the United States to a country for subsequent export to another country if certain conditions are met. Current law allows U.S. companies to export controlled substances only to the countries where they will be used. Based on information from the Department of Justice, CBO estimates that implementing H.R. 184 would have no significant effect on the departments spending on drug enforcement activities. Enacting the bill would not affect direct spending or revenues."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2005-07-05
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CBO Paper: Long-Term Implications of Current Defense Plans and Alternatives: Summary Update for Fiscal Year 2006
From the Summary and Introduction: "Decisions about national defense that are made today--whether they involve weapon systems, military compensation, or numbers of personnel--can have long-lasting effects on the composition of U.S. armed forces and the budgetary resources needed to support them. In the past three years, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) has published a series of reports projecting the resources that might be needed over the long term to carry out the plans in the Administration's then-current Future Years Defense Program (FYDP). This paper, like CBO's previous reports, provides long-term projections (through 2024) of the costs of the Department of Defense's (DoD's) current plans--that is, the plans contained in the 2006 FYDP, which covers fiscal years 2006 through 2011 and reflects changes to the department's programs and priorities since February 2004. In addition, the paper describes projections that CBO developed for two alternatives to DoD's current plans. Under CBO's 'evolutionary' scenario, DoD would largely forgo acquiring new, advanced weapon systems and instead pursue evolutionary upgrades to its current capabilities. Under CBO's 'transformational' scenario, DoD would emphasize to a greater extent than current plans do the acquisition of the advanced capabilities that DoD associates with military transformation (in the process forgoing selected programs that offer lesser advances and changing current plans for compensating military personnel). Both alternatives incorporate the assumption that the size of U.S. military forces will not change significantly relative to DoD's current plans."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2005-10
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Collection of Alien Biometric Data Upon Exit from the United States at Air and Sea Ports of Departure; United States Visitor and Immigrant Status Indicator Technology Program (US-VISIT), Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
"The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) proposes to establish an exit program at all air and sea ports of departure in the United States. This proposed rule would require aliens who are subject to United States Visitor and Immigrant Status Indicator Technology Program (US-VISIT) biometric requirements upon entering the United States to provide biometric information to commercial air and vessel carriers before departing from the United States at air and sea ports of entry. This rule proposes a performance standard for commercial air and vessel carriers to collect the biometric information and to submit this information to DHS no later than 24 hours after air carrier staff secure the aircraft doors on an international departure, or for sea travel, no later than 24 hours after the vessel's departure from a U.S. port. DHS does not propose to apply these requirements to persons departing the United States on certain private carriers or small carriers as defined herein."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2008
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Transportation Security Information Sharing: Stakeholders Generally Satisfied but TSA Could Improve Analysis, Awareness, and Accountability, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "The U.S. transportation system, comprised of aviation, freight rail, highway, maritime, mass transit and passenger rail, and pipelines, moves billions of passengers and millions of tons of goods each year. Disrupted terrorist attacks involving rail and air cargo in 2010 demonstrate the importance of effective information sharing with transportation security stakeholders. The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) is the lead agency responsible for communicating security-related information with all modes. In response to the Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007, GAO assessed 1) the satisfaction of transportation stakeholders with the quality of TSA's transportation security information products, 2) satisfaction with mechanisms used to disseminate them, and 3) the extent to which TSA's roles and responsibilities are clearly defined. GAO surveyed 335 aviation, rail, and highway stakeholders (with an 82 percent response rate); reviewed agency planning documents; and interviewed industry associations, transportation stakeholders, and Department of Homeland Security officials. An electronic supplement to this report (GAO-12-67SP) provides survey results. GAO recommends that TSA, among other actions, (1) address stakeholder needs regarding the quality of analysis in and availability of its products, (2) increase awareness and functionality of its information sharing mechanisms, and (3) define and document TSA's information sharing roles and responsibilities. DHS concurred with GAO's recommendations."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2011-11-21
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Next Generation Air Transportation System: FAA Has Made Some Progress in Implementation, but Delays Threaten to Impact Costs and Benefits, Statement of Gerald L. Dillingham, Ph.D., Director, Physical Infrastructure Issues, Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Aviaition, Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, House of Representatives
From the opening statement of Gerald L. Dillingham: "My statement today discusses (1) the results of NextGen programs and improvements to date and (2) ongoing issues that will affect NextGen implementation. This statement today is based on our NextGen-related reports and testimonies over the last 2 years; ongoing work for this subcommittee that includes our analysis of selected NextGen acquisitions and our analysis of FAA's [Federal Aviation Administration] efforts to harmonize NextGen with air traffic control modernization efforts in Europe; our review of FAA's 2025 Strategic Plan, 2011 NextGen Implementation Plan, 2012 Budget Submission, and other documents; and selected program updates from FAA officials. The GAO [Government Accountability Office] reports cited in this statement contain more detailed explanations of the methods used to conduct our work. We performed our work in accordance with generally accepted government auditing standards. In summary, FAA has improved its efforts to implement NextGen and is continuing its work to address critical issues that we, stakeholders, and others have identified over the years. In some areas, FAA has implemented NextGen capabilities that have demonstrated measurable benefits for system users, such as fuel savings. FAA has also made progress in streamlining its processes, improving its capacity to develop new flight procedures, and focusing its efforts on specific procedures that are needed in key metropolitan areas. Furthermore, we found that several NextGen-related acquisitions are generally on time and on budget. However, some acquisitions have been delayed, which has impacted the timelines of other dependent systems, and the potential exists for other acquisitions to also encounter delays. These delays have resulted in increased costs and reduced benefits. Going forward, FAA must focus on delivering systems and capabilities in a timely fashion to maintain its credibility with industry stakeholders, whose adoption of key technologies is crucial to NextGen's success. FAA must also continue to monitor how delays will affect international harmonization issues, focus on human factors issues, streamline environmental approvals, mitigate environmental impacts, and focus on improving management and governance."
United States. Government Accountability Office
Dillingham, Gerald L.
2011-10-05
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 5949, FISA Amendments Act Reauthorization Act of 2012
"H.R. 5949 would extend the authority of the federal government to conduct surveillance pursuant to the FISA [Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act] Amendments Act of 2008 (Public Law 110-261). Because CBO [Congressional Budget Office] does not provide cost estimates for classified programs, this estimate addresses only the budgetary effects on unclassified programs affected by the bill. On that basis, CBO estimates that implementing H.R. 5949 would have no significant cost to the federal government. Enacting the bill could affect direct spending and revenues; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures apply. However, CBO estimates that any effects would be insignificant for each year. The FISA Amendments Act of 2008 clarified the authority of the federal government to surveil and intercept communications of certain persons located outside the United States. H.R. 5949 would extend the provisions of that act by five years (otherwise they expire after December 31, 2012). As a result, the government might be able to prosecute criminal cases that it otherwise would not be able to pursue. CBO expects that H.R. 5949 would apply to a relatively small number of additional offenders, however, so any increase in costs for law enforcement, court proceedings, or prison operations would not be significant. Any such costs would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2012-07-19
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 1942, Savanna's Act
From the Summary: "S. 1942 would direct the Department of Justice (DOJ) to provide training on recording tribal affiliation in federal databases and to create guidelines for law enforcement and criminal investigations in Indian Country, or all Indian reservations under the jurisdiction of the United States government. CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing the bill would cost $15 million over the 2019-2023 period. Such spending would be subject to appropriation. Enacting the bill would not affect direct spending or revenues; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures do not apply. CBO estimates that enacting S. 1942 would not increase net direct spending or on-budget deficits in any of the four consecutive 10-year periods beginning in 2029. S. 1942 contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA)."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2018-11-28
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 6062, Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant Program Reauthorization Act of 2012
From the Summary: "H.R. 6062 would authorize the appropriation of $800 million annually over the 2013-2017 period for the Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant program in the Department of Justice. (In 2012, the Congress appropriated $470 million for such grants, which support criminal justice systems at the state, local, and tribal level.) Assuming appropriation of the authorized amounts, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing H.R. 6062 would cost about $2.7 billion over the 2013-2017 period and $1.3 billion in subsequent years. Pay-as-you-go procedures do not apply to this legislation because it would not affect direct spending or revenues. H.R. 6062 contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA)."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2012-07-25
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Initial Pilot Training: Better Management Controls Are Needed to Improve FAA Oversight, Report to Congressional Requesters
From the Highlights: "Regional airlines have experienced the last six fatal commercial airline accidents, and pilot performance has been cited as a potential contributory factor in four of these accidents. As a result, Congress and others have raised questions about, among other issues, the initial pilot education and training required before pilots can be hired by airlines, at which time they receive further training. The initial training is provided by pilot schools overseen by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). As requested, this report discusses (1) the various types of U.S. pilot schools, how they compare, and associated issues; (2) key similarities and differences between the U.S. and international approaches to pilot training; and (3) how and to what extent FAA carries out oversight of pilot training and certification. To address these issues, GAO [Government Accountability Office] reviewed literature, legislation, regulations, and FAA documents and inspection and enforcement data; interviewed agency and industry officials; and studied the training approach in Europe because of the different training model and visited four European countries. To improve oversight of pilot certification, GAO recommends that FAA develop a comprehensive system to (1) measure its performance in meeting the agency's annual inspection requirements for pilot schools and pilot examiners and (2) better understanding the nature and scope of discretionary inspections for flight instructors. FAA generally agreed with our recommendations."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2011-11-04
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Highway Emergency Relief: Strengthened Oversight of Project Eligibility Decisions Needed, Report to the Subcommittee on Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies, Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives
From the Highlights: "The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), within the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), administers the Emergency Relief Program to provide funds to states to repair roads damaged by natural disasters and catastrophic failures. In 2007, GAO [Government Accountability Office] reported that in recent years states' annual demand for emergency relief funds often exceeded the program's $100 million annual authorization from the Highway Trust Fund and required supplemental appropriations from general revenues to address a backlog of funding requests from states. GAO recommended that FHWA tighten eligibility standards and coordinate with states to withdraw unneeded emergency relief funds, among other actions. For this report, GAO reviewed (1) Emergency Relief Program funding trends since 2007, (2) key program changes made in response to GAO's 2007 report, and (3) the extent to which selected emergency relief projects were approved in compliance with program eligibility requirements. GAO reviewed projects in New York, Texas, and Washington state, states selected based on the amount and frequency of funding allocations since 2007, among other factors. GAO makes several recommendations including that FHWA establish (1) time frames to limit states' requests for emergency relief funds and to close completed projects and (2) standardized procedures for reviewing emergency relief documentation and making eligibility decisions. DOT provided technical comments on project time frames and costs which GAO incorporated as appropriate."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2011-11-08
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Department of Homeland Security Regulatory Evaluation Final Rulemaking: 6 CFR Part 37 RIN: 1601-AA37 Docket Number DHS-2006-0030 January 17, 2008
"The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has conducted a comprehensive, rigorous, and exhaustive Regulatory Evaluation of the benefits and costs of the final minimum standards for State-issued drivers' licenses and non-driver identification cards pursuant to the REAL ID Act of 2005. These standards will impact the lives of approximately 240 million people and the operations of all 56 State and territorial jurisdictions. This Regulatory Evaluation reflects a joint State, Federal, and public effort to improve the security and trustworthiness of drivers' licenses and identification cards. DHS estimates that the undiscounted eleven-year cost of the final rule is less than $10 billion, of which less than $4 billion are States costs. This results in an average marginal cost of $8.31 per card issuance to States. The final regulation will strengthen the security and integrity of State issued drivers' licenses and identification cards."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2008-01-17
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MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, May 27, 2022
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This issue of MMWR contains the following: "Barriers to and Disparities in Access to Health Care Among Adults Aged ≥18 Years with Epilepsy -- United States, 2015 and 2017"; "Seizure- or Epilepsy-Related Emergency Department Visits Before and During the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Pandemic -- United States, 2019-2021"; "Multistate Outbreak of 'Listeria monocytogenes' Infections Linked to Fresh, Soft Hispanic-Style Cheese -- United States, 2021"; "Post-COVID Conditions Among Adult COVID-19 Survivors Aged 18-64 and ≥65 Years -- United States, March 2020-November 2021"; "'Notes from the Field': Self-Reported Health Symptoms Following Petroleum Contamination of a Drinking Water System -- Oahu, Hawaii, November 2021- February 2022"; and "'QuickStats': Percentage Distribution of Deaths Involving Injuries from Recreational and Nonrecreational Use of Watercraft, by Month -- United States, 2018-2020." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link [https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2022.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2022-05-27
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Fact Sheet: Cyber Storm II National Cyber Exercise
"In March 2008, the Department of Homeland Security's National Cyber Security Division (NCSD) will sponsor its second large-scale national cyber exercise, Cyber Storm II. Planned in close coordination with and driven by its stakeholders and participants, the exercise will center on a cyber-focused scenario that will escalate to the level of a cyber incident requiring a coordinated Federal response." This fact sheet lists the objectives of and participants in the exercise and provides a brief description of the scenario. Contact information is provided for further information.
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2008
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White Supremacist Penetration of Western Security Forces: The Wider Implications
From the Abstract: "This article argues that recent instances of white supremacist penetration of Western security forces should not be regarded as isolated issues. They are related to the worrying wider phenomenon of the gradual societal and political mainstreaming of white supremacist ideas in Western countries. Drawing on the German and US cases as examples, the article unpacks the argument by first examining the core theories of white supremacism: the 'great replacement' and 'white genocide.' It then explores how these theories have been weaponized, before proceeding to analyze the structure and modalities of the white supremacist threat. The article then considers the wider ideological ecosystems that sustain white supremacist worldviews in Germany (the New Right) and in the United States (the alt-right), before finally outlining four possible approaches to combat the challenge of white supremacism in Western societies."
New England Journal of Public Policy
Ramakrishna, Kumar
2021-11-22
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Statutory Interpretation: Theories, Tools, and Trends [Updated May 18, 2022]
From the Introduction: "Understanding the theories that govern how judges read statutes can help Congress legislate more effectively. As a practical matter, judicial opinions interpreting statutes necessarily shape the way in which those statutes are implemented. If Congress knows how courts ascribe meaning to statutory text, it might be able to eliminate some ambiguity regarding its meaning by drafting according to the predominant legal theories. [...] To help provide Congress with a general understanding of how courts interpret statutory language, this report begins by discussing the general goals of statutory interpretation, reviewing a variety of contemporary and historical approaches. The report then describes the two primary theories of interpretation employed today, before examining the main types of tools that courts use to determine statutory meaning. The report concludes by exploring developing issues in statutory interpretation. A separate CRS [Congressional Research Service] report explores in more detail the rules and presumptions that govern the construction of common components of federal legislation, such as legislative findings or severability clauses."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Brannon, Valerie C.
2022-05-18
