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Ammonia Solution (UN 3318); Ammonia, Anhydrous (UN 1005): Lung Damaging Agent
This webpage from the Emergency Response Safety and Health Database, of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, provides extensive information on ammonia. Some of the information provided on this page includes agent characteristics, methods of dissemination, routes of exposure, dangers for emergency responders, signs and symptoms of exposure, decontamination, and more.
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
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Tox Town: Ammonia [Spanish]
Note: This resource is in Spanish. This webpage from the National Library of Medicine's Tox Town website provides information on ammonia, including characteristics of ammonia, health effects, and possible methods of exposure.
National Library of Medicine (U.S.)
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Tox Town: Ammonia
This webpage from the National Library of Medicine's Tox Town website provides information on ammonia, including characteristics of ammonia, health effects, and possible methods of exposure.
National Library of Medicine (U.S.)
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TOXMAP: Ammonia [map]
This map shows the location of on-site releases of ammonia reported throughout the United States in 2011.
National Library of Medicine (U.S.)
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Census Data & Emergency Preparedness [website]
This website from the United States Census Bureau provides information regarding emergency preparedness. The website also contains information on recent emergency events such as Hurricanes Sandy, Isaac, and Irene, the 2011 Mississippi River Floods, and the wildfires of Southern California.
United States. Bureau of the Census
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OnTheMap for Emergency Management [map]
U.S. Census Bureau data for disasters, natural hazards, and weather events.
"OnTheMap for Emergency Management provides real-time access to a range of detailed U.S. Census Bureau data about the people living and working in areas being affected by hurricanes, floods, wildfires, winter storms, and federal disaster declaration areas.
Statistical data sources include 2010 Decennial Census data, 2008-2012 5-year American Community Survey (ACS) estimates, and 2011 LEHD Origin-Destination Employment Statistics (LODES)."
United States. Bureau of the Census
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Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR): Ammonia
This webpage from the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry provides information and resources on Ammonia, including resources for community members, emergency responders, and toxicological and health professionals. "Ammonia occurs naturally and is produced by human activity. It is an important source of nitrogen which is needed by plants and animals. Bacteria found in the intestines can produce ammonia. Ammonia is a colorless gas with a very distinct odor. This odor is familiar to many people because ammonia is used in smelling salts, many household and industrial cleaners, and window-cleaning products. Ammonia gas can be dissolved in water. This kind of ammonia is called liquid ammonia or aqueous ammonia. Once exposed to open air, liquid ammonia quickly turns into a gas. Ammonia is applied directly into soil on farm fields, and is used to make fertilizers for farm crops, lawns, and plants. Many household and industrial cleaners contain ammonia."
United States. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
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Choking/Lung/Pulmonary Agents (Irritant Gas Syndrome Agents)
This webpage from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Chemical Hazards Emergency Medical Management (CHEMM) provides information on choking/lung/pulmonary agents. "Choking/lung/pulmonary agents are chemicals that cause severe irritation or swelling of the respiratory tract (lining of the nose, throat, and lungs). Chemicals such as ammonia, chlorine, and phosgene cause eye, nose, and throat irritation, cough, wheezes, and dypsnea, also known as Irritant Gas Syndrome." For each of the three agents, information is provided on prehospital management as well as emergency department and hospital management.
United States. Department of Health and Human Services
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Disaster Information Management Research Center: Avian Influenza A(H7N9) Virus: Information Resources on Disease Caused by H7N9
This webpage from the Disaster Information Management Research Center provides links to numerous resources concerning the Avian Influenza A (H7N9) Virus.
National Library of Medicine (U.S.). Disaster Information Management Research Center
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National Library of Medicine: Ammonia
This resource from the U.S. National Library of Medicine provides comprehensive information on ammonia. Information is divided into into the following categories: (1) Human Health Effects; (2) Emergency Medical Treatment; (3) Animal Toxicity Studies; (4) Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics; (5) Pharmacology; (6) Environmental Fate & Exposure; (7) Environmental Standards & Regulations; (8) Chemical/Physical Properties; (9) Chemical Safety & Handling; (10) Occupational Exposure Standards; (11) Manufacturing/Use Information; (12) Laboratory Methods; (13) Special References; (14) Synonyms and Identifiers; and (15) Administrative Information.
National Library of Medicine (U.S.)
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CDC: Glanders
This webpage is maintained by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The webpage provides information and resources on Glanders (Burkholderia Mallei). "Glanders is an infectious disease that is caused by the bacterium 'Burkholderia mallei'. While people can get the disease, glanders is primarily a disease affecting horses. It also affects donkeys and mules and can be naturally contracted by other mammals such as goats, dogs, and cats."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
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CDC: Abrin
This webpage is maintained by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The webpage provides information and resources on Abrin. "Abrin is a natural poison that is found in the seeds of a plant called the rosary pea or jequirity pea. These seeds are red with a black spot covering one end. […] Abrin is similar to ricin, a toxin that is also found in the seeds of a plant (the castor bean plant). […] Abrin is used in medical research because of its potential as a treatment to kill cancer cells. […] Abrin can be made in the form of a powder, a mist, or a pellet, or it can be dissolved in water. […] Powdered abrin is yellowish-white in color. […] Abrin is a stable substance, meaning that it can last for a long time in the environment despite extreme conditions such as very hot or very cold temperatures."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
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CDC: Arsenic
This webpage is maintained by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The webpage provides information and resources on Arsenic. "Acute ingestion of toxic amounts of inorganic arsenic typically causes severe gastrointestinal signs and symptoms (e.g., vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea). These signs and symptoms might rapidly lead to dehydration and shock. Different clinical manifestations might follow, including dysrhythmias (prolonged QT, T-wave changes), altered mental status, and multisystem organ failure that might ultimately result in death (1-4)."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
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CDC: Ammonia
This webpage is maintained by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The webpage provides information and resources on Ammonia. "The majority of exposures occur by inhalation and typically lead to symptoms of ocular, nasal, and respiratory irritation. Signs and symptoms of poisoning might include eye redness and lacrimation, nose and throat irritation, cough, suffocation or choking sensation, and dyspnea (1-3)."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
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CDC: Adamsite
This webpage is maintained by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The webpage provides information and resources on Adamsite (Diphenylaminechloroarsine or DM). "The majority of exposures occur by inhalation and typically lead to symptoms of ocular, nasal, and respiratory tract irritation. Nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., vomiting or diarrhea) might also occur. The effects of adamsite poisoning take minutes to begin and might last for hours (1). If a rapid onset of manifestations of one of the following respiratory effects occurs, the clinical description for adamsite poisoning has been met: nose or throat irritation, cough, or dyspnea."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
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DOD Cyberspace Operations Lexicon
"The following definitions align key cyberspace operations (CO) concepts with doctrinally accepted terms and definitions used in the other joint operational domains. For explanatory purposes. in each case, the current Information Operations (IO) doctrinal definition for some aspect of CO is presented, followed by its conventional analogue, if any, and the current terminology it would replace. Where an existing JP 1-02 doctrinal definition is applicable as written or with very minor modifications, that definition is used with the modification, if any, noted. Note 1: Because IO doctrine uses just three terms (CNA, CNE, and CND) [Computer Network Attack, Computer Network Exploitation and Computer Network Defense] to encompass all mission areas, each of those terms is replaced here by more than one standard joint term, reflecting the broad array of discrete missions that comprise CO as they are executed today. Note 2: This lexicon does not attempt to include every cyber-related term, but rather is focused on those for which the current cyber terminology does not align with an analogous traditional military term. Thus many terms, especially those related to NetOps, are not captured here because they reflect missions that have no analogue in the other domains those terms are unaffected by this lexicon, but remain important to any comprehensive understanding of cyberspace operations."
United States. Joint Chiefs of Staff
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CDC: Melioidosis
This webpage is maintained by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The webpage provides information and resources on Melioidosis (Burkholderia Pseudomallei). Sections of the webpage include: "How do people get Melioidosis?"; "How can it be prevented?"; "What are the signs and symptoms?"; "Who is at risk?"; and "How is it Treated?". "Melioidosis, also called Whitmore's disease, is an infectious disease that can infect humans or animals. The disease is caused by the bacterium 'Burkholderia pseudomallei'. It is predominately a disease of tropical climates, especially in Southeast Asia and northern Australia where it is widespread. The bacteria causing melioidosis are found in contaminated water and soil. It is spread to humans and animals through direct contact with the contaminated source."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
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CDC: Benzene
This webpage is maintained by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The webpage provides information and resources on Barium. "Benzene is a chemical that is a colorless or light yellow liquid at room temperature. It has a sweet odor and is highly flammable. […] Benzene evaporates into the air very quickly. Its vapor is heavier than air and may sink into low-lying areas. […] Benzene dissolves only slightly in water and will float on top of water. […] Benzene is formed from both natural processes and human activities. […] Natural sources of benzene include volcanoes and forest fires. Benzene is also a natural part of crude oil, gasoline, and cigarette smoke. […] Benzene is widely used in the United States. It ranks in the top 20 chemicals for production volume. […] Some industries use benzene to make other chemicals that are used to make plastics, resins, and nylon and synthetic fibers. Benzene is also used to make some types of lubricants, rubbers, dyes, detergents, drugs, and pesticides."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
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CDC: Blood Agents
This webpage is maintained by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The webpage provides information and resources on blood agents. "Blood agents are poisons that affect the body by being absorbed into the blood."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
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CDC: Biotoxins
This webpage is maintained by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The webpage provides information and resources on biotoxins. "Biotoxins are poisons that come from plants or animals."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
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CDC: Chromium
This webpage is maintained by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The webpage provides information and resources on Chromium. Sections of the website include: "Learn about the Dietary Supplement Recall"; "Learn About Chromium"; and "Learn to Prepare for Chemical Emergencies". "Chromium is a naturally occurring element found in rocks, animals, plants, and soil. It can exist in several different forms. Depending on the form it takes, it can be a liquid, solid, or gas. The most common forms are chromium(0), chromium(III), and chromium(VI). No taste or odor is associated with chromium compounds. The metal chromium, which is the chromium(0) form, is used for making steel. Chromium(VI) and chromium(III) are used for chrome plating, dyes and pigments, leather tanning, and wood preserving. [...] Exposure to chromium occurs from ingesting contaminated food or drinking water or breathing contaminated workplace air. Chromium(VI) at high levels can damage the nose and cause cancer. Ingesting high levels of chromium(VI) may result in anemia or damage to the stomach or intestines. Chromium(III) is an essential nutrient. Chromium has been found in at least 1,127 of the 1,669 National Priorities List sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
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CDC: Colchicine
This webpage is maintained by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The webpage provides information and resources on Colchicine. "Ingestion of colchicine typically leads to profuse vomiting and diarrhea, which can be bloody, followed by hypovolemic shock and multisystem organ failure within 24-72 hours. Coma, convulsions, and sudden death might also occur. Subsequent complications include bone marrow suppression with resultant leukopenia, thrombocytopenia (nadir in 4-7 days), and possibly sepsis (1)."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
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CDC: Hydrazine
This webpage is maintained by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The webpage provides information and resources on Hydrazine. Sections of the webpage include: "Learn About Hydrazine"; "Learn How to Protect Yourself"; and "Related Information". "Hydrazines are clear, colorless liquids with an ammonia-like odor. There are many kinds of hydrazine compounds, including hydrazine, 1,1-dimethylhydrazine, and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. Small amounts of hydrazine occur naturally in plants. Most hydrazines are manufactured for use as rocket propellants and fuels, boiler water treatments, chemical reactants, medicines, and in cancer research. Hydrazines are highly reactive and easily catch fire."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
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CDC: Barium
This webpage is maintained by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The webpage provides information and resources on Barium. "Ingestion of certain forms of barium (e.g., barium carbonate or barium fluoride) in toxic amounts leads to gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., vomiting, abdominal pain, and watery diarrhea). Within 1--4 hours of ingestion, profound hypokalemia develops in certain instances, and potassium levels
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
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Drug Policy for the 21st Century [Obama Administration White House Archives]
This is the archived version of the Obama Administrations webpages on Drug Policy Reform. "The President has outlined his vision of an America built to last--where an educated, skilled workforce has the knowledge, energy and expertise to compete in the global marketplace. Yet--for far too many Americans--that vision is limited by drug use, which not only limits the potential of the individual, but jeopardizes families, communities and neighborhoods. The economic costs of drug use are enormous: In 2007 alone, illicit drug use cost our Nation more than $193 billion in lost productivity, healthcare, and criminal justice costs. But the human costs are worse. Nationwide, drug-induced overdose deaths now surpass homicides and car crashes as the leading cause of injury death in America. The Obama Administration's plan to reduce drug use and its consequences--the 'National Drug Control Strategy'--represents a 21st century approach to drug policy. This science-based plan, guided by the latest research on substance use, contains more than 100 specific reforms to support our work to protect public health and safety in America."
United States. Office of National Drug Control Policy
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Democratic National Convention After Action Briefing [presentation]
"This presentation covers planning, EMS [emergency medical services] operations, road closures and emergency vehicle lanes, public health surveillance, mass casualty incident planning, pharmaceutical support, and lessons learned from the Democratic National Convention, which took place in Boston, MA from July 23-31, 2004 at the Fleet Center. Boston EMS led all medical planning and was principal provider of medical care at the event."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
Serino, Richard A. (Richard Allen), 1954-
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Tennessee Bureau of Investigation [website]
"The Tennessee Bureau of Investigation [TBI] was born as a result of a highly publicized murder that occurred in Greene County in December of 1949. The heinous crime aroused the emotions of citizens throughout the region. In an address to the Tennessee Press Association in January of 1951, John M. Jones, Sr., publisher of the Greeneville Sun, called for the creation of an unbiased state agency to assist local law enforcement in the investigation of serious crimes. […] Since that time, the Bureau has grown significantly, and continues to meet the demands of providing up-to-date investigative, forensic science and crime information services as well as support to Tennessee's entire criminal justice system. The TBI takes pride in the fact that it has evolved over the years into a respected law enforcement organization with highly trained, dedicated, professional employees. The Bureau is one of the few law enforcement agencies in the country to achieve the level of accreditation that it has, with both Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies (CALEA) and American Society of Crime Laboratory Directors Laboratory Accreditation Board (ASCLD/LAB), and continues its commitment to maintain those accreditations. In July 2000, the TBI moved into a new consolidated headquarters building in Nashville and December 2001 saw the grand opening of a consolidated facility in Memphis. In 2008, the Knoxville Consolidated Facility was built and for the first time employees in East Tennessee are housed under one roof. These facilities are allowing the TBI to remain at the forefront of the application of new technologies in criminal investigations, in working to improve communication among other state and local law enforcement agencies, and in vigorously pursuing the ultimate goal summed up in the Bureau's mission statement, to ensure 'that guilt shall not escape, nor innocence suffer.'"
Tennessee. Bureau of Investigation
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Mitigation Paths for Free-Space GPS Jamming
"Many modern weapon systems depend on Global Positioning System (GPS) to achieve midcourse or terminal accuracy requirements. This reliance on GPS navigation dictates that weapon system test facilities be equipped to create realistic GPS jamming (GPSJ) environments. The Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division (NAWCWPNS) at China Lake is developing a system of free-space jammers to create a realistic GPS threat environment. The goal of this effort is to yield a high-degree of commonality among outdoor jamming systems and the ones used in NAWCWPNS' Navigation Laboratory and anechoic facilities. The ability to successfully conduct free-space GPS jamming tests in the continental US is highly problematic due to extensive civilian use of GPS. This paper begins by discussing the major issue related to conducting free-space GPS jamming tests: interference with commercial and other DoD GPS users. Following this discussion, the paper focuses on proposed mitigation methods modeled after NAWCWPNS' energetic materials testing process. The paper concludes with an analysis of a scenario based on an example free-space GPS jammer."
Naval Air Warfare Center (U.S.). Weapons Division
Maraffio, Kenea C.; Boggs, Matt
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TWA FLIGHT 800 17 Jul 1996
"Many news stories, and television documentaries covered this horrific night. Theories and speculation of an explosion that caused this Boeing 747 to fall from 13,800 feet, ten miles off Long Island is still a mystery. The individuals that compose of the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI), and other agencies involved with this downed flight, have performed a superlative job trying to place all the pieces of this puzzle in their particular order. Yet, there is a very small piece of the puzzle remaining, which has not been found: The hard work and long hours of dedication to solve the mystery of Flight 800 continue. When I was asked to write this story, my mind wandered to the many important people I encountered over the four years I was stationed at Group Moriches. My role as the senior Health Service Technician of the Medical Department was self-full filling, and a job that I enjoyed. The Group office had two active duty medical positions, and one reserve position. Theresa, my reservist Chief John Phillips and myself took care of the medical needs and trained about 350 active duty and reserve personnel, comprising of 6 units and one 82 foot cutter scattered from Jones Beach to Montauk[.]"
United States. Coast Guard
Golden, Patricia A.
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Integrating Tribal Cultural Practices into Tribal Juvenile Detention Centers and Reentry Plans
"Traditional cultural ceremonies and practices are integral parts of life for youth, families and communities across Indian Country. Cultural practices and ceremonies teach values of respect, responsibility, health and wellness. These teachings can be especially important for youth who are incarcerated, and those who are preparing to reenter their communities after serving time in a juvenile detention center [JDC]. Cultural ceremonies and practices, including sweat lodges, talking circles, and storytelling can assist detained and reentering youth become reconnected with their tribal communities. They can also help youth understand how to take responsibility for past negative decisions, and identify positive pathways to overcome substance abuse and other issues that contributed to being placed in a JDC, and serve as a foundation in the transition back into their communities."
United States. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention