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Floodplain Management in the United States: An Assessment Report, Volume 2: Full Report
"This publication is the full report of an evaluation of floodplain management activities conducted by the Federal Interagency Floodplain Management Task Force to report to the public and Congress on progress toward implementation of 'A Unified National Program for Floodplain Management.'"
United States. Department of Homeland Security
1992-05
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Health Evaluation Report 90-084-2219; Kansas City Kansas Police Department Kansas City, Kansas
"On December 1, 1989, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) received a request for a Health Hazard Evaluation (HHE) from a management representative of the Kansas City, Kansas, Police Department Headquarters. The Police Department requested NIOSH to evaluate lead exposures incurred by the range master, his assistant, and fellow police officers while working and firing weapons at their outdoor firing range"
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Rinehart, Richard D.; Almaguer, Daniel
1992-05
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Manual of Protective Action Guides and Protective Actions for Nuclear Incidents
"Public officials are charged with the responsibility to protect the health of the public during hazardous incidents. The purpose of this manual is to assist these officials in establishing emergency response plans and in making decisions during a nuclear incident. It provides radiological protection guidance that may be used for responding to any type of nuclear incident or radiological emergency, except nuclear war. [...] The manual begins with a general discussion of Protective Action Guides (PAGs) and their use in planning for protective actions to safeguard public health. It then presents PAGs for specific exposure pathways and associated time periods. These PAGs apply to all types of nuclear incidents. This is followed by guidance for the implementation of PAGs. Finally, appendices provide definitions, background information on health risks, and other information supporting the choice of the numerical values of the PAGs. PAGs for protection from an airborne plume during the early phase of an incident at a nuclear power plant were published in the 1980 edition of this manual. These have now been revised to apply to a much broader range of situations and replace the PAGs formerly published in Chapters 2 and 5. Recommendations and background information for protection from ingestion of contaminated food were published by the Food and Drug Administration in 1982. These are reprinted here as Chapter 3 and Appendix D. Recommendations for PAGs for relocation are presented in Chapters 4 and 7."
United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Radiation Programs
1992-05
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Effects of Pyridostigmine Bromide on A-10 Pilots during Execution of a Simulated Mission: Performance
"This report documents the performance results of a study that was conducted to determine the effects of pyridostigmine bromide (PYB) (30 mg 3x/day) on pilot performance. Data was collected in an A-10 flight simulator with an Advanced Visual Technology System (AVTS). The subjects were 24 A-10 pilots who were trained on the following simulated tasks over three 55-min sessions: takeoff, patterns, emergency procedure and landing; air-to-air refueling; conventional low-angle strafing; and low-level ingress to a simulated target and threat area (RED FLAG). Next, during two test sessions, 48 h apart, the pilots were tested using a double-blind procedure on the same tasks in a PY8 condition and in a placebo condition. In the two test sessions, 12 of the pilots wore chemical defense ensembles (CDE) and the other 12 wore standard flight gear (SFG). The results indicate that there are no operationally significant effects of pyridostigmine bromide that would preclude an A-10 pilot from accomplishing a tactical mission, including air-to-ground attack, under a chemical warfare threat."
Armstrong Laboratory (U.S.)
Brooks, Rebecca B.; Hubbard, David C.; Schiflett, Samuel G.
1992-05
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National Incident-Based Reporting System, Volume 2: Data Submission Specifications
"This document is for the use of local, state, and federal systems personnel (i.e., computer programmers, analysts, etc.) who are responsible for preparing magnetic media for submission to the FBI. It contains the data submission instructions for magnetic media, record layouts, and error-handling procedures that must be followed in submitting magnetic media to the FBI for NIBRS reporting purposes."
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation. Criminal Justice Information Services Division
1992-05
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National Defense Stockpile: Views on DOD's 1992 Report to the Congress and Proposed Legislation, Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Seapower and Strategic and Critical Materials, Statement of Donna M. Heivilin, Director, Logistics Issues, National Security and International Affairs Division, Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives
From the Government Accountability Office (GAO) website: "GAO discussed: (1) its views on the Department of Defense's (DOD) 1992 report to Congress on national defense stockpile requirements; (2) recommended DOD acquisition and disposal plans; (3) DOD response to previous GAO recommendations regarding national defense stockpile goals; and (4) federal agencies' participation in the DOD requirements determination process. GAO noted that: (1) the material consumption ratios (MCR) that DOD used in its 1992 study to convert the estimates of an industry's output into the requirements for a critical material were based on data that were more than 10 years old and could not be verified from surviving data sources; (2) the 1992 study does not present sensitivity analyses to represent other sources of uncertainty that can arise from such factors as inventory level changes, materials price speculation, or the likelihood that wartime MCR are not comparable to peacetime MCR; (3) changes in the world situation and reductions in force indicate that cautious disposal of cobalt and some other materials is probably prudent; (4) DOD has made limited progress in addressing previous GAO recommendations; and (5) civilian federal agencies generally participate in stockpile management on an informal and ad hoc basis."
United States. General Accounting Office
1992-04-29
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Oil Pollution Research and Technology Plan [April 24, 1992]
"Section 1 provides basic background information on OPA [Oil Pollution Act] 90 and its R&D strategy. Case studies on the EXXON VALDEZ and subsequent serious spills are provided, since they were catalysts for the passage of OPA 90. OPA 90 is then presented briefly, and a special discussion is made of the Interagency Committee, indicating who the members are and what role each agency plays in environmental protection. Section 2 covers the development of the Plan itself, and Section 3 goes on to emphasize the priority areas identified by the Interagency Committee. These are: prevention, spill response planning and management, spill response, fate and effects and restoration. (Actual project descriptions, collated according to the above categories, are contained in an Annex to this document.) Section 4 deals with the administration of regional grants authorized under OPA 90. The Interagency Committee is currently developing grant criteria and establishing procedures for proposal evaluation and awards. Once these are completed, they will be published in the Federal Register. Section 5 presents X strategies for coordinating R&D with the private sector, and Section 6 details funding recommendations from the interagency Committee."
Interagency Coordinating Committee on Oil Pollution Research (U.S.)
1992-04-24
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Daily Dispersion Model Calculations of the Kuwait Oil Fire Smoke Plume
"The Atmospheric Release Advisory Capability (ARAC) provided daily forecasts of the position and spatial character of the Kuwait oil fire smoke plume to the NSF-coordinated research aircraft missions in the Persian Gulf. ARAC also provided daily plume dispersion products to various nations in the Persian Gulf region under the auspices of the World Meteorological Organization for a period of nearly 5 months. Forecasted three dimensional winds were provided to ARAC from the U.S. Air Force Global Weather Central's Relocatable Wind Model (RWM). The R W M winds were spaced approximately 90 km in the horizontal and were located at the surface, l000 ft, 2000 ft, 5000 ft and every 5000 ft up to 30,000 ft elevation. The forecast periods were 0,6,24, and 36 hours from both 0000 and 1200 UTC. A wind field model (MATHEW) corrected for terrain influences on the wind. The smoke plume was dispersed using a three dimensional particle-in-cell code (ADPIC) with buoyant plume rise capability. Multiple source locations were used to represent the burning oil fields. Improved estimates of the source term and emission factors for the smoke were incorporated into the ADPIC calculations as the field measurement data were made available."
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Ellis, James S.; Foster, Kevin T.; Foster Connee, S.
1992-04-23
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Physiological and Subjective Responses to Wearing the A/P22P-9(V) Helicopter Aircrewman Chemical, Biological Protection Ensemble
"Naval Air Warfare Center evaluated the physiological and subjective responses of 28 aircrew wearing the A/P22P-9(V) USMC Helicopter Aircrewman Chemical, Biological (CB) Protection Ensemble during warm/hot weather ground and flight testing in four USMC helicopter types. Ground testing evaluated fit, donning and doffing, flight equipment compatibility, mobility, dexterity, ingress, egress, emergency egress, water survivability, crewstation compatibility, and repeated preflight inspections in CH-53, CH-46, UH-1N, and AH-1 helicopters. CH-53 and UH-1N flight testing compared three clothing configurations (the A/P22P-9(V), A/P22P-9(V) above-the-neck respirator assembly only, and standard flight clothing) and two test conditions (4-hr flight profile without D/T and preflight inspections). During three summers of A/P22P-9(V) testing (1988-1990), aircrew completed 44 test trials and 142 hr wear time. Ambient temperatures ranged from 22 deg (72 deg F) in the ready room to 40 deg C (104 deg F) in flight."
Naval Air Warfare Center (U.S.). Aircraft Division
Bjorn, Valerie S.; Huang, Ding
1992-04-21
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Narcoterrorism - A Threat to the United States?
From the thesis abstract: "Today, we see the demise of communism, the hope for a 'new world order,' and the realization of peace in the world. A dark cloud pervades this state of euphoria. It is the result of the War On Drugs. The purpose of this paper is to show that narcoterrorism is a threat to the United States. Colombia is used as a focal point for the study due the significant role it plays in the American drug war. The paper considers the supply and demand side of the drug problem. It looks at the relationship between terrorism and insurgency. The paper defines narcoterrorism to be the use of terror by narcotraffickers to coerce or intimidate a sovereign government to obtain an objective or end result. It examines the interests of the U.S. at stake in the drug war as well as those Colombian interests that the drug war threatens. A part of this examination is to determine which are a vital interest to us and which are threatened."
Army War College (U.S.)
Webb, Patrick F.
1992-04-21
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Drug War: Can We Stop Cocaine?
"The United States has been threatened for years by organized, illegal drug cartels who provide cheap and available drugs to satisfy an expanding demand. In the past seven years, cocaine has developed into a powerful, addictive, and initially inexpensive drug that appeals to America's poor. Experts have identified it as the drug which most threatens national security. Easy and large profits from readily available cocaine have generated significant problems for lawmen, medical personnel and facilities, judicial services and incarceration sites, and rehabilitation and social programs across the nation. U.S. Presidents have consistently vowed to win the 'War on Drugs'. Are America's National Drug Control Strategy and the agreements made during the Cartegena Summit of 1990 leading to the elimination of drugs, more specifically of cocaine, from our society? Can U.S. drug law enforcement agencies' (DLEA's) efforts prevent cocaine from crossing U.S. borders? What impact is cocaine having on our allies overseas? 'The Drug War: Can We Stop Cocaine?' addresses these questions and related issues."
Army War College (U.S.). Strategic Studies Institute
Payne, Robert
1992-04-15
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Environmental Terrorism
The willful and wanton destruction of the environment by Saddam Hussein in the Gulf War raised deep concerns over deliberate, conflict-induced ecosystem damage. A corollary to that destruction is the concept of environmental terrorism: the employment of violence or threats of violence against the environment for political purposes. This study examines the lack of a definition of international terrorism and its subset, environmental terrorism. The susceptibility of the environment to terrorist attacks is reviewed to determine whether the target audience of terrorism, the world's population, is sufficiently concerned about the ecosystem to care about a terrorist attack. The vulnerability of the environment to damage is evaluated and found to be vulnerable at the local, regional and global levels. The roles of various international, federal, state and Army agencies in combating environmental terrorism are reviewed to see if changes are in order. Finally, several recommendations are offered to thwart the threat of environmental terrorism.
Army War College (U.S.)
Walter, James A.
1992-04-15
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Deterrence for World Peace: A New World Order Option?
"The recent collapse of the former Soviet Union has brought an end to the Cold War and a beginning to change and uncertainty. The shift from a bi-polar to a multi-polar world has uncovered trends that make the future of the new world order complex and dangerous. The rise in regional conflicts, proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, accelerated worldwide technology transfer, and the disposition of some 30,000 nuclear warheads in the Commonwealth of Independent States are but a few of the major trends that can have a profound effect on world peace if not controlled. To solve this problem of control will bring a new emphasis to the word 'deterrence.' For 45 years the word 'deterrence' has been most commonly used to describe the justification for a nuclear arms race between the United States and the former Soviet Union. Now, the global community of nations can 'deter' further proliferation of weapons of mass destruction by using the recommended three-part solution of a global nuclear test ban, worldwide acceptance of the Global Protection Against Limited Strikes (GPALS) system, and arms control enforcement using embargoes and economic sanctions."
Army War College (U.S.)
Rosso, Michael J.
1992-04-15
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Modeling of Air Currerts in the Gulf Region
"The Atmospheric Release Advisory Capability modeled the wind flow in the Gulf Region in order to make projections of the Kuwait oil fires pollution dispersion. Extensive meteorological models incorporating explicit terrain influences to the flow fields were routinely employed through a six month international assessment support effort organized by the World Meteorological Organization and U.S. scientific research agencies. Results show generally close agreement with visible imagery of the smoke plumes as detected by meteorological satellites. However, there are some examples of significant disagreement or failure of the meteorological models. These failures are most likely directly linked to missing or unavailable weather observations."
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Ellis, James S.; Sullivan, Thomas J.; Foster Connee, S.
1992-04-14
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United States Military and the War on Drugs
From the thesis abstract: "The end of the Cold War has brought wrenching changes to the U.S. Armed Forces. At a time when declining budgets and building down are the order of the day, there is one area where the military's role is actually growing: the war on drugs. This paper examines how the military is coping with this new mission, including issues such as organization and operations, and it assesses some of the numerous constraints and pitfalls facing the military as it moves into this unconventional field."
National War College (U.S.); National Defense University
Randolph, David E.
1992-04-13
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Planning for Proliferation: Rethinking U.S. Military Strategy
"The demise of the Soviet Union, democratization of Eastern Europe, and revitalization of the United Nations as a coalition-building forum have created a new world environment and a unique opportunity for the re-examination and reformulation of U.S. military strategy. No longer confronted by a formidable Soviet Union armed with nuclear and other advanced weapons systems and possessed with an adventurous ideology aimed at gradual world domination, the United States now faces greater uncertainty, an increasingly dangerous world, and no clear enemy. Although total global war is now less likely, the possibilities for regional conflict have greatly increased. The fear of a U.S.-USSR nuclear conflict arising as a result of a lesser regional conflict no longer hangs as a shadow over other countries. But without this shadow and attendant pressures from the United States or the former USSR to suppress regional conflicts, other forces are influencing regional relationships and harmony. Of primary concern is this: the world is experiencing a proliferation of arms, armies, and weapons of mass destruction. A country may seek to develop such weapons for reasons of prestige, to deter a neighboring state, or to create a source of terror in the world community. At the same time, domestic economic problems in the United States and other western states are forcing a curtailment in the resources committed to defense and maintenance of the Armed Forces. If force reductions occur in the United States, it could lose its ability to be an effective unilateral military force and could have a much diminished role in an international coalition. These realities raise the question: what should U.S. military strategy be in a world of weapons proliferation? According to the author, arms control should be identified as a legitimate military goal, and combating weapons proliferation, both conventional and unconventional proliferation, should be added to the national military strategy."
National War College (U.S.)
Peters, Joyce E.
1992-04-13
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DoD Directive 1404.10: Emergency-Essential (E-E) DoD U.S. Citizen Civilian Employees
This Directive reissues reference DoD Directive 1404.10, "Retention of Emergency-Essential (E-E) DoD Civilian Employee Overseas, " April 6, 1990. Updates policy to ensure the continued performance of employees in civilian positions that: (a.) Have been designated as "E-E" before crisis situations. (b.) Have not been designated previously as "E-E" but for which continued performance is deemed essential to support combat-essential systems.
United States. Department of Defense
1992-04-10
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U.S. Customs Service: Concerns About Coordination and Inspection Staffing on the Southwest Border, Statement of Allan I. Mendelowitz, Director, International Trade and Finance Issues, General Government Division, Testimony before the Committee on Finance, U.S. Senate
"Efficient border operations require coordination among a number of entities, including various U.S. agencies, state and local governments, and Mexico. Inadequate coordination has led to (1) staffing imbalances between Customs and the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) and (2) insufficient inspector staff for existing and planned facilities. The shortage of inspectors has been the main cause of long waits to cross the border into the United States. Although Customs and INS share equal responsibility for primary inspections at the border, these agencies have not received comparable increases in inspection staff in recent years. Therefore, increasing the number of Customs inspectors will not necessarily reduce the waiting times for primary vehicle inspections unless INS receives corresponding staff increases. GAO also found that neither Customs nor INS had an adequate method for determining staffing needs. Customs used two models to assist it in determining border staffing needs. However, neither was adequate to accurately measure how many inspectors were currently needed nor to reliably project how many would be needed in relation to trade increases. GAO used these models because there were no better alternatives at the time it did its study."
United States. General Accounting Office
1992-04-08
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Is There a Future Role for Tactical Nuclear Weapon Systems in the National Military Strategy?
"The disintegration of the Former Soviet Union and the demise of the Warsaw Pact as significant threats to national security allowed President Bush to promulgate new defense policy initiatives impacting nuclear force capabilities and roles. Because of this threat reduction and domestic challenges, the United States' armed services will undergo significant downsizing in the next several years. This will affect the force structure needed in the National Military Strategy (NMS) to insure attainment of national security policy objectives while minimizing risk. Planning the size and capabilities of the future force structure is complicated because of uncertainties in discerning new emerging nuclear-capable threats. This paper reviews die purpose and role that tactical nuclear weapon systems can provide in supporting the NMS, and recommends requirements be determined using a strategy based upon political, economic and military national interests versus the current target-based strategy. To draw implication for the NMS, the analysis reviews current strategic policy guidance, summarizes the current definition of deterrence theory, and provides rationales for maintaining tactical nuclear weapon systems for deterrence and warfighting in regional contingency operations again nuclear-capable forces. Based upon this analysis, recommendations are provided for joint planning, doctrine, and training initiatives needed to enhance the efficacy of the armed services in achieving national security policy objectives."
Army War College (U.S.)
Stobbs, Emmett E. Jr.
1992-04-03
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Unleashing 'High-Tech' Weaponry in the Drug War: Posse Comitatus, the Fourth Amendment and Enhanced Sensing
Thesis, 40th Judge Advocate Officer Graduate Course
From the abstract:
"Congress created a sketchy exception to the Posse Comitatus Act's prohibition on military law enforcement for drug interdiction. The resulting legislative patchwork broadly authorizes use of military equipment and personnel for law enforcement, but unnecessarily restricts the most beneficial uses of sophisticated remote sensing hardware by forbidding direct participation in a search. The war on drugs will not succeed unless Congress, the Department of Defense, and the courts replace the statute, its regulations and the Fourth Amendment law it incorporates."
Judge Advocate General's Legal Center and School (United States. Army)
Rishel, Eric C.
1992-04-01
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Role of Civil Defense and the Scope of Its Mission in U.S. National Security Strategy
"In our constantly changing world, and especially with the breakup of the Soviet Union, it seems timely to review the current status of the United States civil defense program with a primary focus being the future configuration of the program. Our current civil defense program evolved during a time when nuclear confrontation between the U.S. and the Soviet Union was the primary threat to national security. This threat is now greatly diminished, but our civil defense program continues to emphasize attack-related emergencies with secondary emphasis on disaster-related emergencies. The National Security Strategy of the United States published by The White House in August, 1991 states that, 'Our civil defense program is still needed to deal with the consequences of an attack, while also providing capabilities to respond to natural and man-made catastrophes.' One might question whether we still need a civil defense program to deal with the consequences of attack. After all, who has the capability and will to attack the U.S.? On the other hand, natural and man-made catastrophes continue to affect our country. While these catastrophes may wreak havoc on a local area, it could be argued that they most likely would not directly impact our national security. Therefore, we must determine whether our civil defense program should continue to emphasize the 'consequences of an attack,' or whether it is more appropriate to shift its emphasis to 'natural and man-made catastrophes.'"
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
Moore, John T.
1992-04
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Port Development in Latin America: A Key to U.S. Objectives
"Ports are complex arrangements of narrowly focused activities organized in whatever manner possible that allows each participating organization to meet its objectives. Because of this convergence of activity in seaports and airports, each person, each group, and each organizational entity bent on completing a set of tasks can benefit from corollary actions of others pursuing seemingly different ends. The priorities of the port involve issues not far removed from regional and national goals. Border security, quotas for industrial protectionism, immigration controls, national revenue collection, infrastructure development, and contraband interdiction, are just some of the policy issues that affect ports everyday and complicate the simple functional matrix of port organization. Yet in Latin America, it is this overlay of public policy issues upon existing and functioning port-based organizations that offers the port such remarkable potential for generating more effective host-nation programs while fostering new strategies and directions that meet growing U S interests in the region."
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
Boetig, Allen K.
1992-04
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SLOSH: Sea, Lake, and Overland Surges from Hurricanes
"A numerical-dynamic, tropical storm surge model, SLOSH [Sea, Lake, and Overland Surges from Hurricanes], was developed for real-time forecasting of hurricane storm surges on continental shelves, across inland water bodies, along coastlines, and for inland routing of water either from the sea or from inland water bodies."
United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; United States. National Weather Service
Jelesnianski, Chester P.; Chen, Jye; Shaffer, Wilson A.
1992-04
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Patterns of Global Terrorism: 1991
"Terrorism in 1991 was marked by three major features. First, the number of international terrorist incidents increased 22 percent, from 456 in 1990 to 557 last year. This increase is solely attributable to terrorism associated with the Persian Gulf war. Second, 1991 was the second straight year in which there was no terrorist spectacular. Third, 1991 clearly demonstrated the role of state sponsorship in international terrorism. A central part of US Government counterterrorism policy is to press countries that sponsor terrorism to cease such support. This is what the international community did last year with great success against Iraq when Saddam Hussein threatened the world with a wave of terrorism following his invasion of Kuwait. The threat failed in large part because of the firm response by the United States and its allies and cooperation among them. The expulsion of Iraqi operatives, cooperation among law enforcement and intelligence services, and enhanced security countermeasures proved effective. In April the United Nations Security Council adopted Resolution 687 requiring a commitment from Iraq not to engage in acts of terrorism or support terrorist groups. Another part of US counterterrorism policy is to work with other governments to identify, apprehend, and prosecute terrorists. […]. A third part of our policy is to refuse to make deals with terrorists, and our firm adherence to this was rewarded in 1991 as the last remaining American hostages were freed from captivity in Lebanon."
United States. Department of State
1992-04
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DCI Task Force on the National Reconnaissance Office, Report to the Director of Central Intelligence, Final Report
"In March 1992, Director of Central Intelligence Robert Gates requested that a task force, which was headed by Lockheed Corporation COO Robert Fuhrman, examine a variety of issues concerning the future of the National Reconnaissance. Their recommendations concerned, inter alia, the NRO's role in the development and operation of overhead intelligence systems, its organizational structure, and the location of its program offices. The panel also recommended that the "fact of" the NRO be declassified." This is an unclassified extract from the complete document.
United States. Central Intelligence Agency. Directorate of Intelligence
1992-04
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Threats to US Security in a Postcontainment World
"The US must take into account the nature of the threats confronting it in devising its military strategy and force structure. Recent years, however, have brought significant changes in these threats. Therefore, the threats need to be reassessed and reprioritized, and the implications of the outcome for US military strategy and force structure should be examined. In carrying out the reassessment and reprioritization of threats, it is essential to observe two key principles: (1) emphasis should go to direct challenges to US interests rather than to those of a peripheral concern, and (2) threats should be weighted primarily in terms of the probability that they will actually materialize and not in terms of what havoc they would wreak if they did materialize. On the basis of these criteria, four major threats seem likely to face the US in the coming years. In descending order of importance, they are regional conflicts, Soviet strategic nuclear forces, anti-US terrorism, and Soviet conventional military forces. This configuration of challenges establishes a number of requirements for future US military strategy and force structure. Although it does not afford detailed guidelines for either, it does set broad parameters for both. A few of these requirements merely revalidate aspects of past strategy and force structure, but many dictate new approaches."
Air University (U.S.). Center for Aerospace Doctrine, Research, and Education
Albright, David
1992-04
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Military Technology: New Challenges for US National Security Strategy
"As demonstrated during the Gulf War, advanced military technology plays an important role in both our strategy and current force structure. The war also underscored the need to address the growing proliferation of weapons technology in the Third World. In March 1991, Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney highlighted the technology issue in stating 'we are on the verge of a revolutionary period in military technology, with leading nations achieving major breakthroughs and smaller nations gathering access to weapons of mass destruction.' This paper will focus on the current role of technology in US strategy, technology issues from the Gulf War, and future military technology challenges for the United States."
National War College (U.S.)
Elliott, Carol
1992-04
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Wildlands Fire Management: Federal Policies and Their Implications for Local Fire Departments
"The United States Fire Administration (USFA) has prepared this report for fire service professionals interested in keeping abreast of developments affecting forests and wildland firefighting policies of the Federal government and the fire problem in the rapidly growing wildland/urban interface areas. This paper looks at two of the major wildfires in 1988 and the policy issues that surrounded them: the Greater Yellowstone Area fires and the '49er' fire that caused more than 20 million dollars in damage in the Gold Rush country of Nevada County, California. Through the years, U.S. Forest Service (USFS) and National Park Service (NPS) fire management policies have taken many forms. An early belief in the importance of suppressing all fires in wildlands evolved into current policies that reflect a basic belief that fire is natural to many wildlands and plays a vital role in the ecology of those lands. The Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA) fires provided a crucial test under extreme conditions of NPS and USFS wildfire management policies in effect in 1988. The Interagency Fire Management Policy Review Team was formed to review fire management policies and their implementation during the 1988 fire season. The team found that fire management policies were basically sound, but many of the plans devised for individual forests, parks, and wilderness areas did not conform to national policy guidelines. They recommended that steps be taken to strengthen and ensure operational compliance with those policies."
United States Fire Administration
Rossomando, Christina
1992-04
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AUSA Background Brief No. 42: Special Operations Forces: A Primer
This document brief discusses the makeup and design of Special Operations Forces. A small but critical portion of the Total Force is made up of the SOF of the Army, Navy and Air Force, which are comprised of special operations, psychological operations and civil affairs organizations. Special operations forces are task organized to conduct contingency operations. Special operations forces are designed to augment theater-based force and, in response to a crisis situation, normally operate with an appropriate mix of conventional forces under theater control. Almost all SOF missions require joint planning; also, they are used for missions with allied or coalition forces as well as for a number of ongoing ground missions in many countries.
US Army Institute of Surgical Research
1992-04
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Compulsive Gambling: Background Information for Security Personnel
"This study of compulsive gambling pulls together in one place information useful to personnel security policy-makers, practitioners, and researchers when reviewing standards and procedures, establishing priorities or developing training programs. It focuses on the potential impact of compulsive gambling on U.S. Government security, the growth of gambling in the United States, the prevalence of a small percentage of problem gamblers among the general gambling population, indicators for identifying these problem gamblers, and the relationship between compulsive gambling and other addictions. It also discusses legal considerations and treatment results that may be relevant to adjudication decisions."
Defense Personnel Security Research Center (U.S.)
Heuer, Richards J.
1992-04
