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MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, July 10, 2020
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This issue of MMWR contains the following: "Increases in Health-Related Workplace Absenteeism Among Workers in Essential Critical Infrastructure Occupations During the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Pandemic -- United States, March-April 2020"; "Provision of Pediatric Immunization Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic: an Assessment of Capacity Among Pediatric Immunization Providers Participating in the Vaccines for Children Program -- United States, May 2020"; "Race/Ethnicity, Underlying Medical Conditions, Homelessness, and Hospitalization Status of Adult Patients with COVID-19 at an Urban Safety-Net Medical Center -- Boston, Massachusetts, 2020"; "Trends in Emergency Department Visits for Contact Sports-Related Traumatic Brain Injuries Among Children -- United States, 2001-2018"; "Trends in Nonfatal Falls and Fall-Related Injuries Among Adults Aged ≥65 Years -- United States, 2012-2018"; "Initial and Repeated Point Prevalence Surveys to Inform SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] Infection Prevention in 26 Skilled Nursing Facilities -- Detroit, Michigan, March-May 2020"; and "Update: COVID-19 Among Workers in Meat and Poultry Processing Facilities -- United States, April-May 2020."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-07-10
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Latin America and the Caribbean: Impact of COVID-19 [Updated July 10, 2020]
From the Document: "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is having widespread economic, social, and political effects on Latin America and the Caribbean, a region with strong congressional interest because of deep U.S. linkages. As of July 10, 2020, the region had almost 3.2 million confirmed cases and over 138,000 deaths, with deaths surging in several countries. Brazil, Mexico, Peru, Chile, and Ecuador have the highest numbers of deaths in the region, and Brazil has the highest number worldwide after the United States."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sullivan, Mark P.; Beittel, June S.; Meyer, Peter J. . . .
2020-07-10
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FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin: July 2020
This July 2020 edition of the FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin contains the following articles: "Jefferson County, Missouri, Sheriff's Department"; "Hamilton, Ohio, Police Department"; "National Data Exchange Success Story of the Year"; "Perspective: Importance of Vulnerability in Law Enforcement" by Erin O'Donnell; "Leadership Spotlight: Preparation for Crisis" by Vince A. Dalfonzo; "Use of In Silico Methods to Study Crime" by Thomas J. Dover; and "Bulletin Notes."
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
2020-07-08
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MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, July 7, 2020
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This issue of MMWR contains the following: "Update: COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Among Workers in Meat and Poultry Processing Facilities -- United States, April-May 2020." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2020.html]
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-07-07
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COVID-19: Resources for Tracking Federal Spending [Updated July 7, 2020]
From the Document: "Congress has responded to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic with various legislation providing relief to individuals and families, state and local governments, businesses, health care providers, and other entities. This Insight provides selected sources for tracking COVID-19 relief funding provided through these bills."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Teefy, Jennifer; Kreiser, Maria
2020-07-07
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MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, July 3, 2020
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This issue of MMWR contains the following: "Medical Expenditures Attributed to Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Among Workers - United States, 2011-2015"; "Salmonellosis Outbreak Detected by Automated Spatiotemporal Analysis - New York City, May-June 2019"; "Use of Molecular Epidemiology to Inform Response to a Hepatitis A Outbreak - Los Angeles County, California, October 2018-April 2019"; "Screening for SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] Infection Within a Psychiatric Hospital and Considerations for Limiting Transmission Within Residential Psychiatric Facilities - Wyoming, 2020"; "COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Outbreak Among College Students After a Spring Break Trip to Mexico - Austin, Texas, March 26-April 5, 2020"; "Serial Laboratory Testing for SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Incarcerated and Detained Persons in a Correctional and Detention Facility - Louisiana, April-May 2020"; "Characteristics of Adult Outpatients and Inpatients with COVID-19 - 11 Academic Medical Centers, United States, March-May 2020"; "Exposures Before Issuance of Stay-at-Home Orders Among Persons with Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19 - Colorado, March 2020"; and "'QuickStats': Percentage of Families That Often or Sometimes Did Not Have Enough Food To Last 30 Days and Did Not Have Enough Money to Buy More, by Poverty Status - National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2018." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2020.html].
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-07-03
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Larger Businesses and COVID-19: Financial Relief and Assistance Resources [Updated July 2, 2020]
From the Document: "This CRS [Congressional Research Service] Insight presents selected resources and CRS products potentially relevant to medium and large businesses directly affected by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic seeking economic relief and assistance. The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act, enacted on March 27, 2020, contains provisions to assist businesses. This Insight focuses on potential sources of assistance designated for medium and large businesses that do not qualify for Small Business Administration programs or other assistance programs for small businesses."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Jennings, Julie; Murray, Justin
2020-07-02
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Navy Ship Names: Background for Congress [Updated July 2, 2020]
From the Background: "Names for Navy ships traditionally have been chosen and announced by the Secretary of the Navy, under the direction of the President and in accordance with rules prescribed by Congress. For most of the 19th century, U.S. law included language explicitly assigning the Secretary of the Navy the task of naming new Navy ships. The reference to the Secretary of the Navy disappeared from the U.S. Code in 1925. The code today (10 U.S.C. §8662) is silent on the issue of who has the authority to name new Navy ships, but the Secretary of the Navy arguably retains implicit authority, given the location of Section 8662 in subtitle C of Title 10, which covers the Navy and Marine Corps."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2020-07-02
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Diversity in the U.S. Department of State Foreign Service: Background and Issues for Congress [July 2, 2020]
From the Document: "Members of Congress, U.S. Department of State (DOS) officials, and other stakeholders have maintained a longstanding interest in ensuring that the U.S. Department of State Foreign Service workforce (hereinafter, the Foreign Service)is representative of the American people, as called for in the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (P.L. 96-465, hereinafter, the Foreign Service Act). Beyond adherence to statutory requirements, some DOS officials and other observers have asserted that a diverse Foreign Service workforce adds more perspectives to the development of U.S. foreign policy and contributes to better policy making. While many observers note that the State Department has made substantial gains in bringing about a more diverse Foreign Service workforce, high-ranking DOS officials have said that more work is needed to build on existing progress, including with respect to fostering greater diversity in senior positions."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Gill, Cory R.
2020-07-02
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COVID-19: Resources for Tracking Federal Spending [Updated July 1, 2020]
From the Document: "Congress has responded to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic with various legislation providing relief to individuals and families, state and local governments, businesses, health care providers, and other entities. This CRS [Congressional Research Service] Insight provides information on selected sources for tracking COVID-19 relief funding provided through these bills. For general information on resources for tracking federal funds, see CRS Report R44027, 'Tracking Federal Awards: USAspending.gov and Other Data Sources,' by Jennifer Teefy."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Teefy, Jennifer; Kreiser, Maria
2020-07-01
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CBO Paper: Update to the Economic Outlook: 2020 to 2030
Form the Document: "This report presents the baseline economic forecast that the Congressional Budget Office [CBO] is using as the basis for updating its budget projections for 2020 to 2030. The agency currently plans to release those budget projections later this summer. This economic forecast provides CBO's first complete set of economic projections through 2030 since January and incorporates information available as of June 26. The baseline forecast is being published now, rather than later with the budget projections, to provide the Congress with CBO's current assessment of the economic outlook in a rapidly evolving environment. This economic forecast updates the interim forecast that CBO published in May, which focused on 2020 and 2021. It is similar to the May forecast for those two years, except that the projection of growth in the second half of 2020 has been revised downward."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2020-07
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Science & Tech Spotlight: Herd Immunity for COVID-19
From the Document: "A population can establish herd immunity to an infectious disease once a large enough portion of the population--typically 70 to 90 percent--develops immunity. [...] For diseases where no vaccination is available, it is possible to develop herd immunity through exposure to, and recovery from, the disease. However, if COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] runs its natural course, this approach would entail the risk of severe disease or death. Given the risk associated with COVID-19 infections, achieving herd immunity without a vaccine could result in significant morbidity and mortality rates."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2020-07
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Did the Paycheck Protection Program Hit the Target?
From the Abstract: "This paper takes an early look at the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP), a large and novel small business support program that was part of the initial policy response to the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. We use new data on the distribution of the first round of PPP loans and high-frequency microlevel employment data to consider two dimensions of program targeting. First, we do not find evidence that funds flowed to areas more adversely affected by the economic effects of the pandemic, as measured by declines in hours worked or business shutdowns. If anything, funds flowed to areas less hard hit. Second, we find significant heterogeneity across banks in terms of disbursing PPP funds, which does not only reflect differences in underlying loan demand. The top-4 banks alone account for 36% of total pre-policy small business loans, but disbursed less than 3% of all PPP loans in the first round. Areas that were significantly more exposed to low PPP banks received much lower loan allocations. We do not find evidence that the PPP had a substantial effect on local economic outcomes--including declines in hours worked, business shutdowns, initial unemployment insurance claims, and small business revenues--during the first round of the program. Firms appear to use first round funds to build up savings and meet loan and other commitments, which points to possible medium-run impacts. As data become available, we will continue to study employment and establishment responses to the program and the impact of PPP support on the economic recovery. Measuring these responses is critical for evaluating the social insurance value of the PPP and similar policies."
National Bureau of Economic Research
Granja, João; Makridis, Christos A.; Yannelis, Constantine . . .
2020-07
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Runway to Recovery: The United States Framework for Airlines and Airports to Mitigate the Public Health Risks of Coronavirus
From the Overview: "The U.S. economy is reopening after the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) public health emergency (PHE) resulted in Federal, State, and local mandated closures and restrictions across many sectors in the first half of 2020. A safe, secure, efficient, and resilient air transportation system that addresses the threat of COVID-19 is critical to reducing the public health risk and supporting the United States' critical infrastructure needs. Government, aviation, and public health leaders must work together to meaningfully reduce the public health risk and restore passenger, aviation workforce, including crew, and public confidence in air travel."
United States. Department of Transportation; United States. Department of Homeland Security; United States. Department of Health and Human Services
2020-07
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Gun Control: DOJ Can Further Improve Guidance on Federal Firearm Background Check Records, Report to Congressional Requesters
From the Highlights: "Federal agencies are required to submit relevant records for use by the NICS [National Instant Criminal Background Check System]. The FBI and designated state and local criminal justice agencies use the NICS to conduct background checks on persons seeking to purchase firearms from federally licensed firearms dealers. The Fix NICS Act of 2018 requires the head of each federal department or agency to submit a semiannual written certification to the Attorney General indicating whether it is in compliance with record submission requirements and report related data. GAO [Government Accountability Office] was asked to review federal agencies compliance with these requirements. This report examines (1) the number of records federal agencies submitted to databases checked by the NICS from 2010 through 2019, (2) the extent to which DOJ has provided guidance to support federal agency compliance with record submission and reporting requirements, and (3) federal agency plans to address any challenges in submitting records."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2020-07
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El Salvador: Background and U.S. Relations [Updated July 1, 2020]
From the Introduction: "This report examines political, economic, security, and human rights conditions in El Salvador. It then analyzes selected issues in U.S.-Salvadoran relations that have been of particular interest to Congress, including foreign assistance, migration, security cooperation in addressing gangs and counternarcotics issues, human rights, and trade."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Seelke, Clare Ribando
2020-07-01
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COVID-19 and Liability Limitations for the Health Care Sector [July 1, 2020]
From the Document: "The ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has required health care professionals and facilities to care for a surge of patients with COVID-19 symptoms. This is occurring in a health care environment where the treatment guidelines specific to COVID-19 are still evolving and where some health care facilities are experiencing various resource shortages related to their pandemic response, including shortages in staffing as well as certain protective and treatment equipment. For some health care facilities, these shortages have also caused the delay or cancelation of non-COVID-19 treatments or procedures. Various commentators and policymakers have recognized that these conditions may generate certain liability risks for the health care sector, including risks resulting from unsuccessful COVID-19 treatments, potential COVID-19 transmission, and canceled or delayed non-COVID-19 treatments. These risks have prompted a debate over whether the government should grant certain liability limitations to the health care sector, and if so, what the appropriate scope of those limitations should be. [...] To facilitate Congress's review of this issue, this Sidebar provides an overview of the existing federal and state limitations on liability for the health care sector that are relevant to the current pandemic before identifying several legal considerations for Congress."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Shen, Wen S.
2020-07-01
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COVID-19: Selected Federal Resources for Businesses Seeking to Assist with Research and Manufacturing Efforts [Updated July 1, 2020]
From the Document: "Some U.S. businesses have been engaging in research or retooling their manufacturing operations, supply chains, or products to assist with fighting the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This CRS [Congressional Research Service] Insight presents selected federal resources potentially relevant to businesses that seek to support COVID-19 mobilization efforts. At the subfederal level, state and local economic development or commerce agencies may be valuable general resources for new and established enterprises. A few local and state governments have created their own COVID-19 grants for businesses to ramp up production of critical supplies, such as personal protective equipment. These kinds of state or local government initiatives may vary widely; in many jurisdictions, they may not exist at all. For other overviews of resources available to businesses, such as those seeking economic relief from adverse COVID-19 impacts, see CRS Insight IN11301, 'Small Businesses and COVID-19: Relief and Assistance Resources,' and CRS Insight IN11368, 'Larger Businesses and COVID-19: Financial Relief and Assistance Resources.'"
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Kreiser, Maria
2020-07-01
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Latin America and the Caribbean: U.S. Policy Overview [Updated July 1, 2020]
From the Document: "U.S. interests in Latin America and the Caribbean are diverse and include economic, political, security, and humanitarian concerns. Geographic proximity has ensured strong economic linkages between the United States and the region, with the United States a major trading partner and source of foreign investment for many countries. Free-trade agreements (FTAs) have augmented U.S. economic relations with 11 countries in the region. The Western Hemisphere is a large source of U.S. immigration, both legal and illegal; with proximity and economic and security conditions the major factors driving migration trends."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sullivan, Mark P.
2020-07-01
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Medical Unit COVID-19 Concept of Operations Plan, Emergency Medical Committee
From the Introduction: "As a response agency, the wildland fire community needs to be ready and prepared to adjust operations to meet the complexities of fighting wildland fires in a COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic environment. While this document provides the Medical Unit Leader (MEDL), Command and General Staff (C&G), and other wildland fire planners broad-based COVID-19 medical guidelines, preparations, and response should be managed to the unique characteristic each fire presents. Due to the potential serious operational impacts COVID-19 could have on the 2020 fire season, the Fire Management Board (FMB) established the Medical and Public Health Advisory Team (MPHAT) to serve as the interagency body responsible for providing consistent review and recommendations for all wildland fire COVID-19 planning material. This document was reviewed by the MPHAT and guides the wildland fire medical posture and COVID19. It is important to note that one solution or guideline may not apply to all situations. It is impossible to establish one set of protocols/procedures that work for every single jurisdiction. However, clear national guidance is required to decrease the risk of serious impacts to fire operations due to COVID-19 infections."
National Wildfire Coordinating Group (U.S.)
2020-06-30?
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MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, June 30, 2020
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This issue of MMWR contains the following: "Characteristics of Adult Outpatients and Inpatients with COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] -- 11 Academic Medical Centers, United States, March-May 2020." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2020.html]
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-06-30
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Issue Brief: Reports of Increases in Opioid-Related Overdose and Other Concerns During COVID Pandemic
From the Document: "As the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] global pandemic continues, so does the nation's opioid epidemic. The AMA [American Medical Association] is greatly concerned by an increasing number of reports from national, state and local media suggesting increases in opioid-related mortality--particularly from illicitly manufactured fentanyl and fentanyl analogs. More than 30 states have reported increases in opioid-related mortality as well as ongoing concerns for those with a mental illness or substance use disorder in counties and other areas within the state. This also includes new reports about the need for evidence-based harm reduction services, including sterile needle and syringe services and naloxone."
American Medical Association
2020-06-30
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Department of Homeland Security's Nationwide Expansion of Expedited Removal [Updated June 30, 2020]
From the Document: "Non-U.S. nationals (aliens) apprehended by immigration authorities when attempting to unlawfully enter the United States are generally subject to a streamlined, expedited removal process, in which there is no hearing or further review of an administrative determination that the alien should be removed. Since the enactment of the expedited removal statute in 1996, expedited removal has been used primarily with respect to aliens who have either arrived at a designated port of entry or were apprehended near the border shortly after surreptitiously entering the United States. The Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), however, authorizes the Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to apply expedited removal more broadly to aliens in 'any part' of the United States who have not been admitted or paroled by immigration authorities, if those aliens have been physically present in the country for less than two years and either did not obtain valid entry documents or procured their admission through fraud or misrepresentation. In 2019, DHS issued notice that it was expanding the use of expedited removal to the full extent permitted under the INA. The expansion prompts significant questions concerning the relationship between the federal government's broad power over the entry and removal of aliens and the due process rights of aliens located within the United States. Recently, a federal appellate court upheld the expansion against a legal challenge seeking to stop its implementation."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Smith, Hillel R.
2020-06-30
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Foxes, Henhouses, and Pension Plans: Supreme Court Concludes Pensioners Receiving Promised Benefits Can't Sue for Retirement Plan Mismanagement [June 30, 2020]
From the Document: "In early June 2020, the Supreme Court handed down its decision in 'Thole v. U.S. Bank' concerning the ability of pension plan participants to sue plan fiduciaries who engage in alleged misconduct. In 'Thole,' the Court's majority held, in a 5-4 decision, that pensioners receiving the full amount of their retirement benefits lacked standing to sue plan fiduciaries for self-dealing and mismanagement of pension plan investments. This Legal Sidebar provides background on federal pension plan regulation under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) and standing to sue in federal courts; discusses the Court's decision in 'Thole'; and concludes with selected legal considerations for Congress."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Staman, Jennifer A.
2020-06-30
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Reopening the World: Coordinating the International Distribution of Medical Goods
From the Article: "Like other countries around the world, the U.S. is beginning to re-open while coronavirus transmission persists in many communities and before a vaccine has been discovered. This suggests demand for key medical goods--including medicines, coronavirus tests, ventilators, and crucial personal protective equipment (PPE) such as N95 masks--will remain high, both as precautionary measures and to respond to localized flare-ups or a possible second wave of the virus. Supply of such goods has and will continue to increase. But even with an aggressive push to increase production, supply is unlikely to be sufficient to meet the 20-fold increase in demand. During the first wave of the coronavirus outbreak, the federal government struggled to get medical goods to the people and places that needed them. It initially left distribution to market mechanisms--sparking price spirals and accusations of gouging by profiteers as state governments and hospital systems bid against one another, desperately seeking supplies. More recently, the government began blocking the export of certain medical goods, cutting off trade flows to countries in need."
Brookings Institution
Gertz, Geoffrey
2020-06-30
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Election Security: States' Spending of FY2018 and FY2020 HAVA Payments [Updated June 30, 2020]
From the Document: "State and local systems have been targeted as part of efforts to interfere with U.S. elections, and Congress has responded in part with funding. The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 (P.L. 115-141) provided $380 million for payments to the 50 states, the District of Columbia (DC), American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands authorized under the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (HAVA; 52 U.S.C. §§20901-21145), and the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (P.L. 116-93) included $425 million for HAVA payments to those jurisdictions and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. This In Focus offers an overview of spending of the FY2018 and FY2020 HAVA payments to date."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Shanton, Karen L.
2020-06-30
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America's Children: Responding to the Crisis Now with the Future in Mind
From the Introduction: "The Covid-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic has illuminated the fragility of American life, with the stock market in turmoil, high unemployment rates, supply chain shortages, and excessive hoarding of everyday goods. Even as states reopen, people are still adjusting to a new way of daily life. For many families, stressors that were manageable before the pandemic are now exacerbated. They are worried about becoming ill, and their financial stability and security. Children are at home for extended periods of time, while parents try to manage work demands, provide support for their children, and cope with rapidly changing circumstances. Pre-existing stressors, such as housing and food insecurity, marital discord, and dysfunctional parent-child relationships, are magnified; supportive measures to mitigate the impact of these stressors on mental and physical heath are difficult to access with social distancing measures in place. Covid19 has accentuated many of the challenges that children, families and communities had been confronting, upsetting any balance that existed prior to the pandemic."
James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy
Moore, Quianta; Greely, Christopher
2020-06-30
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Foreign Agents Registration Act (FARA): Background and Issues for Congress [June 30, 2020]
From the Document: "This report traces the history of the Foreign Agents Registration Act [FARA]. It begins with a legislative history of FARA, including its enactment in 1938 and major amendments in 1942, 1966, and 1995. It next includes a section-by-section analysis of the current law. Then, issues for Congress are considered. These issues include recent legislative proposals to amend aspects of FARA and other administrative considerations. This report does not include issues related to foreign interference in elections or campaign finance, which are not directly covered by FARA."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Straus, Jacob R.
2020-06-30
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Hydrogen in Electricity's Future [June 30, 2020]
From the Introduction: "This report is focused on the current and potential sources of hydrogen, and several of the various technologies and processes for its economic production and use. Replacing fossil fuels with hydrogen for the generation of electricity may provide one potential avenue for reducing GHG [greenhouse gas] emissions. However, hydrogen production and technologies to use hydrogen as a fuel for power generation currently present higher cost options, if the potential negative externalities of carbon dioxide emissions are not considered."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Campbell, Richard J.
2020-06-30
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Can the International Criminal Court Investigate U.S. Personnel? [June 30, 2020]
From the Document: "On June 11, 2020, President Trump issued Executive Order 13928, authorizing sanctions against certain individuals involved in the International Criminal Court (ICC) Prosecutor's investigation of whether U.S. military and intelligence personnel committed war crimes during the conflict in Afghanistan. The ICC is an international tribunal created by the Rome Statute to serve as the first permanent tribunal to try individuals for 'the most serious crimes of concern to the international community as a whole.' Currently, 123 countries are parties to the Rome Statute, but the United States is not, having first signed the Rome Statute but later withdrawing its intent to join. This Sidebar outlines the basis upon which the ICC Prosecutor may initiate investigations; discusses the disagreement between the United States and the Prosecutor about the legality of the request to investigate the actions of U.S. personnel; and assesses whether the United States may attempt to stop the investigation."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Hart, Nina M.
2020-06-30
