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U.S. Military Space Reference Text, 2006
"The purpose of this reference text is to provide information about space systems and their use as they relate to U.S. Army and joint military operations. The intended primary users are U.S. Army Command and General Staff College students, although military commanders, staff officers, Noncommissioned Officers, and instructors may also find it useful. Military space operations are truly joint in their nature. Therefore, there are extensive references to policies, programs, operations and applications from many U.S. Government organizations, the military services, and commercial entities. The format and contents are intended to provide the reader with a central reference as to the environment of space, the capabilities and limitations of U.S. satellite systems, space applications that support the military strategic, operational and tactical levels, and space support planning considerations. In addition, the text provides a cursory background in space history, space policy, orbital mechanics, and threats to U.S. dominance of space."
National Security Space Institute
Barker, Jefferson H.; Brown, Darren J.
2006-03
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Federal Research: NASA Should Better Inform Researchers about How to Appeal Dissemination Decisions, Report to Congressional Committees
"National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) researchers generally disseminate their agency-funded research results through publications, presentations, agency releases, and media interviews. In 2007, GAO reviewed dissemination policies at NASA and two other agencies and found that NASA's policies were generally clear, but GAO's survey of NASA researchers raised concerns that many of them did not understand some of the policies and were generally unaware of how to appeal dissemination decisions. Congress in 2008 directed GAO to determine whether NASA is implementing its policies in a clear and consistent manner. To meet that requirement, GAO determined (1) what changes have been made to NASA's policies since 2007, (2) the views of NASA researchers on whether the policies have been more effectively communicated since 2007, and (3) what changes have occurred since 2007 in NASA's processes for researchers to follow if they wish to appeal decisions about the dissemination of their research results. GAO conducted a Web-based survey of all 2,790 NASA researchers and had a 57.5 percent response rate."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2009-12
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High Frontier: The Journal for Space and Cyberspace Professionals [Volume 7, Number 2]
This publication is the latest edition of U.S. Air Force Space Command Journal, High Frontier: The Journal for Space & Cyberspace Professionals. This issue features the following articles: "A New National Security Strategy for Space"; "Space Act, Space Policy, and the Future of NASA"; "The National Space Policy: Sustainability and Cooperation in a Congested, Competitive, and Contested Domain"; "Administering the 2010 National Space Policy: Lessons from History and Recommendations for the Future."
United States. Air Force Space Command
2011-02
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Space Weaponization and US-China Relations
"The issues surrounding the weaponization of outer space present difficult security and diplomatic challenges to the United States in its relationship with foreign states. [...] First, many space technologies have dual-use capacity, making it difficult for states to distinguish between defensive and offensive preparations or conventional and space weapons. Second, some defense analysts argue that space weapons are inherently better suited to offensive than defensive warfare since they are able to launch powerful attacks quickly but are vulnerable to attack. Third, due to insufficient situational awareness in space and poor 'forensic' ability, the causes of satellite failures can be unclear, creating the potential for both anonymous attacks and groundless accusations of antisatellite (ASAT) attacks. Finally, as in many areas of foreign policy, states often send mixed signals regarding their true intentions in space. This article explores the range of possible interpretations of US policy and Chinese policy on space weaponization."
Air University (U.S.). Press
Blazejewski, Kenneth S.
2008
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Liability Risk Sharing Regime for U.S. Commercial Space Transportation: Study and Analysis
This report presents the results of a study and analysis of seven issues related to liability risk-sharing for commercial space transportation. It includes public views and recommendations in addition to those of interested federal agencies, as directed by Congress. The issues are delineated as follows: (1) analyze the adequacy, propriety, and effectiveness of, and the need for, the current liability risk-sharing regime in the United States for commercial space transportation;(2) examine the current liability and liability risk-sharing regimes in other countries with space transportation capabilities;(3) examine the appropriateness of deeming all space transportation activities to be "ultrahazardous activities" for which a strict liability standard may be applied and which liability regime should attach to space transportation activities, whether ultrahazardous activities or not; (4) examine the effect of relevant international treaties on the Federal Government's liability for commercial space launches and how the current domestic liability risk-sharing regime meets or exceeds the requirements of those treaties; (5) examine the appropriateness, as commercial reusable launch vehicles enter service and demonstrate improved safety and reliability, of evolving the commercial space transportation liability regime towards the approach of the airline liability regime; (6) examine the need for changes to the Federal Government's indemnification policy to accommodate the risks associated with commercial spaceport operations; and (7) recommend appropriate modifications to the commercial space transportation liability regime and the actions required to accomplish those modifications.
United States. Department of Transportation; United States. Federal Aviation Administration
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China's Space Program: A New Tool for PRC 'Soft Power' in International Relations?
"When China launched an anti-satellite (ASAT) weapon in January 2007 to destroy one of its aging weather satellites, most reactions from academics and U.S. space experts focused on a potential military 'space race' between the United States and China. Overlooked, however, is China's growing role as global competitor on the non-military side of space. China's space program goes far beyond military counterspace applications and manifests manned space aspirations, including lunar exploration. Its pursuit of both commercial and scientific international space ventures constitutes a small, yet growing, percentage of the global space launch and related satellite service industry. It also highlights China's willingness to cooperate with nations far away from Asia for political and strategic purposes. These partnerships may constitute a challenge to the United States and enhance China's 'soft power' among key American allies and even in some regions traditionally dominated by U.S. influence (e.g., Latin America and Africa). Thus, an appropriate U.S. response may not lie in a 'hard power' counterspace effort but instead in a revival of U.S. space outreach of the past, as well as implementation of more business-friendly export control policies."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Chambers, Rob
2009-03
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Defense Acquisitions: Incentives and Pressures That Drive Problems Affecting Satellite and Related Acquisitions
"To respond to your request, we [the GAO] analyzed a wide body of GAO, DOD, and industry studies (see enc. III) that discuss acquisition problems and underlying incentives and pressures, including our work on best practices in weapon system development that we have conducted over the past decade, our individual reviews of space system acquisitions and crosscutting problems, DODs independent study of problems affecting SBIRS High, past DOD studies of crosscutting problems with space system acquisitions, and a more recent DOD joint task force study on the acquisition of national security space programs. We also conducted interviews with more than 40 individuals (see enc. IV)-- including experienced space acquisition program managers and program executive officials within Air Force Space Command and its Space and Missile Systems Center, officials responsible for science and technology (S&T) activities that support space, former and current officials within the Office of the Secretary of Defense who have specific responsibility for space oversight or more general weapon system acquisition policy and oversight, and individuals representing various aspects of industry. We conducted our review from February 2005 to April 2005 in accordance with generally accepted government auditing standards."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2005-06-22
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Space-Based Weapons: Long-Term Strategic Implications and Alternatives
"The 'U.S. Air Force Transformation Flight Plan' released in November 2003 reinvigorated the debate on the issue of space weaponization. Taking a 'snapshot in time' of that service's ongoing and future transformation efforts, the 'Transformation Flight Plan' lays out current programs, advanced concept technology demonstrations, and 'future system concepts.' Many of the systems described can be interpreted as a significant move by the United States toward weaponization of space. As Rep. Silvestre Reyes (D-Tex.) pointed out during a recent hearing of the Strategic Forces Subcommittee of the House Armed Services Committee, 'putting weapons either offensive or defensive into space is a major policy decision.' This decision will require thorough discussion and analysis to ensure that American system deployments not only provide the short-term benefits promised by service advocates but contribute to increased security in the long term. This article addresses one component of the debate on whether or not to weaponize space. Specifically, it looks at whether a decision to base weapons in space would produce a net, long-term increase in relative military capability for the United States or serve to reduce its current military dominance. It defines 'space-based weapon' as a system placed in orbit or deep space that is designed 'for destroying, damaging, rendering inoperable, or changing the flight trajectory of space objects, or for damaging objects in the atmosphere or on the ground.'"
Naval War College (U.S.). Press
Hardesty, David C.
2005
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Challenges in the Multipolar Space-Power Environment
"The United States embraces space to satisfy its strategic goals for domestic, national-security, and military purposes-- augmenting each with international agreements. Distinct in policies, economics, doctrine, and supporting infrastructure, these elements define different spectra in the space-power continuum. The United States is no longer alone, however. More nations than ever before are turning to space to satisfy their own strategic goals. By examining foreign developments and strategies, we can paint in broad strokes a portrait of the space strategic environment for which the United States must prepare. The purpose of this analysis is twofold. First, by examining the domestic, national-security, military, and international efforts of emerging space powers, we implicitly conclude space's strategic importance is rapidly expanding. Second, we discuss the nature of the space environment and identify complexities current and future leaders will face. Ultimately, because the environment is increasingly multipolar, international engagement in many forms will be a necessary prerequisite to achieve and maintain space power now and in the future."
Muir S. Fairchild Research Information Center; Air University (U.S.)
Schmunk, Matthew M.; Sheets, Michael R.
2007-07
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NASA: Progress Made on Strategic Human Capital Management, but Future Program Challenges Remain, Report to the Subcommittee on Oversight of Government Management, the Federal Workforce, and the District of Columbia, Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, U.S. Senate
"The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is engaged in efforts to replace the Space Shuttle with the next generation of human space flight systems and implement the President's space exploration policy. To do this, NASA must recruit, develop, and retain certain critical skills in its workforce, guided by its strategic human capital management plan. GAO was asked to examine the extent to which NASA (1) has aligned its human capital planning framework with its strategic mission and programmatic goals and (2) is recruiting, developing, and retaining critically skilled personnel, given future workforce needs. To address these objectives, GAO reviewed NASA's policies, planning, and implementation documents; reviewed budget documents and performance and accountability reports; and interviewed cognizant agency officials. To assess NASA's efforts to recruit, develop, and retain critically skilled personnel, we analyzed demographics data, and critical skills information; NASA's policy, procedures and guidance for recruiting and hiring; and implementation of information systems programs, and processes that support human capital management and planning. We are not making any recommendations in this report."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2007-08-08
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NASA 2014 Climate Risk Management Plan: Managing Climate Risks and Adapting to a Changing Climate
Taken from the Background section of the report: "NASA [National Aeronautics and Space Administration] recognized as early as 2005 that 'regional climate variability' could pose a risk to its operations and missions and identified it as a risk within NASA's risk management framework. Many Agency assets - 66% of its assets when measured by replacement value - are within 16 feet of mean sea level and located along America's coasts, where sea level rise and increased frequency and intensity of high water levels associated with storms are expected, and in other parts of the country where long-term changes in temperature and precipitation intensity and duration are expected to impact potable water supplies. Subsequent initiatives at NASA, such as encroachment risk assessment workshops held in 2007, confirmed that 'natural hazard s' could impact NASA Centers and their ability to execute mission activities. Fortunately, engagement of NASA's own preeminent climate science expertise enabled NASA to refine a vulnerability assessment and adaptation strategy process at both cross - Agency and Center - specific workshops starting in 2009, which has led to local Center - level capacity building, increased awareness of NASA's climate - related vulnerabilities and risks, and changes in policy. While climate change is a global phenomenon, impacts are being and will be felt at all scales, and NASA recognizes that integrating climate change adaptation into Center planning is a local activity, guided by Headquarters support. Thus, NASA Centers own and manage risks, including those associated with a changing climate and NASA Headquarters provides policy and planning directives and guidance, such as issuing a new Land Management Policy in 2013."
United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
2014?
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In Touch with Industry: ICAF Industry Studies 1998: Space
The global space industry is burgeoning. For the first time, the
commercial sector's share of the space market has surpassed that of
government. This trend will continue, driven by soaring demand for
commercial communications and by a host of emerging technologies
such as remote sensing and geographical information systems.
According to an Air Force Space Command Brief, "...just as oil drove
the engine of yesterday's Industrial Society space will drive tomorrow's
Information Society." This new era presents a plethora of opportunities
and risks for the US space industry and for the Nation's security. A fine
line must be tread, for example, between protecting critical US
technologies and falling behind in a fiercely competitive international
market, thereby jeopardizing future national capabilities. The space
industry has the potential either to promote international cooperation and
mutual benefits for all nations or to create global winners and losers.
Sound policy choices must be made now to successfully leverage the
commercialization of space and to build for the future.
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
1998
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Remarks: Strengthening Security in Space Through Transparency and Confidence-Building Measures
"I am very pleased and honored to join you here today to discuss space security in such a beautiful location in one of the most dynamic and important regions in the world. I'd like to thank our hosts in the Vietnamese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, as well as the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade for organizing such an important and timely conference. [...] Before I discuss in depth the topic of this speech 'transparency and confidence-building measures (TCBMs) and how they help strengthen the security and stability of the space environment', I'd like to first talk briefly about what 'space security and stability' means. Today, space systems are vital to the daily life and workings of every nation around the world and their peoples. Space systems enhance our national security, foreign policy, and global economic interests; they expand scientific knowledge; and they improve life on the ground through weather forecasting, environmental monitoring, and city planning. Yet for all that we depend on it, we face a number of challenges in the space arena, including orbital congestion, situational awareness, and collision avoidance, all of which require our focused attention and concerted efforts to address as they directly affect the security and stability of space."
United States. Department of State
Rose, Frank A.
2012-12-06
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National Space Weather Action Plan
"Space-weather events are naturally occurring phenomena that have the potential to disrupt electric
power systems; satellite, aircraft, and spacecraft operations; telecommunications; position, navigation,
and timing services; and other technologies and infrastructures that contribute to the Nation's security
and economic vitality. These critical infrastructures make up a diverse, complex, interdependent system
of systems in which a failure of one could cascade to another. Given the importance of reliable electric
power and space-based assets, it is essential that the United States has the ability to protect, mitigate,
respond to, and recover from the potentially devastating effects of space weather.
The 'National Space Weather Strategy' (Strategy), released concurrently with this 'National Space
Weather Action Plan' (Action Plan), details national goals for leveraging existing policies and ongoing
research and development efforts regarding space weather while promoting enhanced domestic and
international coordination and cooperation across public and private sectors. The implementation of the
Strategy will require the action of a nationwide network of governments, agencies, emergency
managers, academia, the media, the insurance industry, nonprofit organizations, and the private sector.
Strong public-private partnerships must be established to enhance observing networks, conduct
research, develop prediction models, and supply the services necessary to protect life and property and
to promote economic prosperity. These partnerships will form the backbone of a space-weather-ready
Nation. This Action Plan details the activities, outcomes, and timelines that will be undertaken by
Federal departments and agencies for the Nation to make progress toward the Strategy's goals."
National Science and Technology Council (U.S.); United States. Executive Office of the President
2015-10
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Fiscal Year 2015 National Defense Authorization Budget Request for National Security Space Activities, Hearing Before U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Armed Services, Subcommittee on Strategic Forces, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, Second Session, April 3, 2014
This is a compilation of the April 3, 2014 hearing on "Fiscal Year 2015 National Defense Authorization Budget Request for National Security Space Activities" held before the House Subcommittee on Strategic Forces. Testimonies at this hearing discuss a variety of topics, including future capabilities the U.S. will need to employ to ensure national security in space, DoD space programs and policies, and the work of the U.S. Joint Functional Component for Space (JFCC SPACE), the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO), and the Air Force Space Command (AFSPC) on national security space activities. Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Gil Klinger, Douglas L. Loverro, John W. "Jay" Raymond, Betty J. Sapp, and William L. Shelton.
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Armed Services
2014-04-03
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Space as a Warfighting Domain: Issues for Congress [August 10, 2021]
From the Introduction: "The United States is in the midst of making significant changes to policy on protecting national security pertaining to outer space. Military strategists increasingly consider space to be a warfighting domain--a location where offensive and defensive military operations take place--similar to air, land, and sea. During the Cold War, both the U.S. and the Soviet Union approached space as a sanctuary and a non-warfighting domain. However, many states and international entities, including the Department of Defense and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), now declare space a warfighting domain. Many countries rely on the capabilities that civilian and military space systems provide. Many governments have agreed in principle that space should remain a domain used for peaceful purposes and for the benefit of all humankind. Various treaties and agreements are the mechanisms in place to promote the principle of space as a peaceful domain, but these do not prevent nations from having or conducting counterspace operations."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
McCall, Stephen M.
2021-08-10
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Federal Real Property: GSA Should Inform Tenant Agencies When Leasing High-Security Space from Foreign Owners, Report to Congressional Requesters
From the Highlights: "GAO [Government Accountability Office] has previously reported that federal facilities are vulnerable to threats from foreign sources that may target their information systems and affect the physical security of the occupants. GAO was asked to examine GSA's [General Services Administration] lease of high-security space from foreign owners. This report addresses (1) what is known about foreign ownership of high-security space leased by GSA, (2) potential risks posed by such foreign ownership, and (3) policies and procedures regarding GSA's leasing of space from foreign-owned entities. GAO reviewed GSA's leasing documents; identified and checked ownership information regarding high-security leased space to the extent possible using data, as of March 2016, from a firm that specializes in analyzing the commercial real estate market; interviewed GSA and federal foreign investment officials, tenant agencies that were occupying space owned by foreign entities, and five real estate companies that lease space to GSA or provide related services; and visited three foreign-owned high-security leased facilities selected to represent a variety of owners and tenants. GAO recommends that GSA determine whether the beneficial owner of high-security leased space is a foreign entity and, if so, share that information with the tenant agencies for any needed security mitigation. GSA agreed with the recommendation."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2017-01-03
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Operational Denial of Commercial Space Imagery
From the thesis abstract: "This study investigates the capability of the United States to deny commercial space-based imagery to its adversaries during times of hostilities. The United States recognizes that this imagery poses a threat to national security interests, but has not identified a mechanism for operational denial of this information. In 1994 the Clinton Administration removed the U.S. ban on the export of high-resolution imagery because the proliferation of space-based sensors makes this information commonly available whether or not it sit he United States that sells the imagery. This study examines U.S. space policy, domestic and international space law, and previously suggested approaches to countering the threat posed by this imagery. The study also examines technical feasibility as well as operational effectiveness of 28 proposed solutions. The conclusion of this study is that the United States does not currently have a system or methodology for denying space-based imagery in all cases. However, three different types of laser systems could be developed into a potentially effective countermeasure to space-based imagery. These systems include a high-powered ground-based laser, a high-powered airborne laser, or mobile, low-powered lasers that could function as tactical jammers of space-based sensors."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Russo, Anthony J.
1996-06-07
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration's FY2006 Budget Request: Description, Analysis, and Issues for Congress [Updated January 24, 2006]
"For FY2006, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) requested $16.456 billion. That amount was a 2.4% increase over the $16.070 billion (adjusted for the rescission) appropriated in the FY2005 Consolidated Appropriations Act (P.L. 108-447). NASA also received a $126 million supplemental for damages caused by the 2004 Florida hurricanes, yielding a total of $16.196 billion for FY2005. The FY2006 request was 1.6% above that amount. By comparison, the White House had projected in 2004 that NASA's budget would increase by 4.7%. NASA submitted a FY2006 budget amendment on July 15; total funding for the agency did not change. The Administration requested $324.8 million for NASA in the October 28, 2005 reallocation package that included funds for relief from the 2005 hurricanes. NASA's congressionally-approved FY2006 funding is a combination of $16.456 billion in the FY2006 Science, State, Justice, Commerce Appropriations Act ( P.L. 109-108), minus a 0.28% across-the-board rescission in that act, minus a 1% across-the- board rescission in the FY2006 Department of Defense appropriations and hurricane recovery act (P.L. 109-148), plus $350 million added for NASA for hurricane recovery in P.L. 109-148. Congress passed a 2005 NASA authorization bill (P.L.109-155). It contains many policy provisions, and authorizes NASA funding for FY2007-2008 (but not FY2006)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Smith, Marcia S.; Morgan, Daniel (Daniel L.)
2006-01-24
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Military Man in Space Essential to National Strategy
"This paper presents arguments for incorporating manned military activities into our space strategy. It begins with a review of how space systems impact national policy today, and how that might change over the next few decades. Subsequent chapters focus on unique talents humans bring to space operations, and how those talents can pave the path to enhanced capabilities in space. [The author] will show how, and why, the manned military space program, like its counterpart air, land and sea programs must be an integral part of the complete national strategy of the United States. [He will] conclude with a framework to build the infrastructure by which military men and women can serve our national strategic objectives in space with the same capability we now rely upon in the air, on land, and at sea."
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
Carretto, Joseph A., Jr.
1995
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Space Acquisitions: DoD Faces Substantial Challenges in Developing New Space Systems, Statement of Cristina T. Chaplain, Director, Acquisition and Sourcing Management, Testimony before the Subcommittee on Strategic Forces, Committee on Armed Services, U.S. Senate
"Despite a growing investment in space, the majority of large-scale acquisition programs in the Department of Defense's (DOD) space portfolio have experienced problems during the past two decades that have driven up cost and schedules and increased technical risks. The cost resulting from acquisition problems along with the ambitious nature of space programs has resulted in cancellations of programs that were expected to require investments of tens of billions of dollars. Along with the cost increases, many programs are experiencing significant schedule delays-at least 7 years-resulting in potential capability gaps in areas such as positioning, navigation, and timing; missile warning; and weather monitoring. […] In preparing this testimony, GAO relied on its body of work in space and other programs, including previously issued GAO reports on assessments of individual space programs, common problems affecting space system acquisitions, and DOD's acquisition policies."
United States. Government Accountability Office
Chaplain, Cristina T.
2009-05-20
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Reopening the American Frontier: Exploring How the Outer Space Treaty Will Impact American Commerce and Settlement in Space, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Space, Science, and Competitiveness of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, First Session, May 23, 2017
This is the May 23, 2017 hearing "Reopening the American Frontier: Exploring How the Outer Space Treaty Will Impact American Commerce and Settlement in Space" held before the Senate Subcommittee on Space, Science, and Competitiveness of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. From the opening statement of Ted Cruz: "[I]t's incumbent on Congress to use this 50-year anniversary of the Outer Space Treaty to properly determine our actual international obligations, to decide if specific articles in the treaty are self-executing or not, and to ensure that our domestic policy moving forward creates an environment that provides certainty for industry while protecting our national security. Those decisions will be made by this committee, by the Senate as a whole, and by the Congress and the President. In this committee, this is the second in a series of hearings looking at reopening the American frontier in space. That's why we're gathered here today. The testimony that this committee will hear will help pave the way to the future of space exploration and our global competitiveness." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: James E. Dunstan, Laura Montgomery, Matthew P. Schaefer, Robert (Bob) Richards, Peter Marquez, Mike Gold, and Pamela A. Melroy.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2018
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High Frontier: The Journal for Space & Missile Professionals [Volume 3, Number 2]
This publication is the latest edition of U.S. Air Force Space Command Journal, High Frontier: The Journal for Space & Missile Professionals, Volume 3, Number 2. This issue features the following articles: "The Importance of Space Commerce to National Power"; "The New National Space Policy and Air Force Space Command's Role in International Cooperation" and "Human Space Flight and National Power."
United States. Air Force Space Command
2007-03
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Space and Missile Defense Anquisitions: Periodic Assessment Needed to Correct Parts Quality Problems in Major Programs, Report to the Ranking Member, Subcommittee on National Security, Homeland Defense and Foreign Operations, Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, House of Representatives
"Quality is key to success in U.S. space and missile defense programs, but quality problems exist that have endangered entire missions along with less-visible problems leading to unnecessary repair, scrap, rework, and stoppage; long delays; and millions in cost growth. For space and missile defense acquisitions, GAO [Government Accountability Office] was asked to examine quality problems related to parts and manufacturing processes and materials across Department of Defense (DOD) and NASA [National Aeronautics and Space Administration]. GAO assessed (1) the extent to which parts quality problems affect those agencies' space and missile defense programs; (2) causes of any problems; and (3) initiatives to prevent, detect, and mitigate parts quality problems. To accomplish this, GAO reviewed all 21 systems with mature designs and projected high costs: 5 DOD satellite systems, 4 DOD missile defense systems, and 12 NASA systems. GAO reviewed existing and planned efforts for preventing, detecting, and mitigating parts quality problems. Further, GAO reviewed regulations, directives, instructions, policies, and several studies, and interviewed senior headquarters and contractor officials."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2011-06-24
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Ungoverned Spaces and the Survival of Terrorist Groups in Africa: A Case Study of the Lord's Resistance Army
From the thesis abstract: "Uganda's location in a region plagued by armed conflict entails ongoing security challenges. The situation becomes even more complicated when the various armed groups/insurgencies enjoy the breakdown of security, limited governance, and lack of control of vast territories where they operate. This thesis examines the role of ungoverned spaces and how they facilitate the survival of terrorist groups in Africa. It further seeks to evaluate policy prescriptions available to ameliorate the problem of ungoverned spaces. To answer these questions, this thesis uses the Lord's Resistance Army as a case study and analyzes other violent extremist groups--Al-Shabaab, Al Qaeda in the Maghreb, and Boko Haram--in relation to ungoverned spaces. The study reveals that instability emanating from ungoverned spaces is contagious and can recur even when it appears to have been contained. Although interventions through bilateral, regional, and multilateral mechanisms may offer some orderliness in ungoverned spaces, the real solution may lie in addressing the latent causes of violence and instability. These measures include embracing democratic practices and economic empowerment, and strengthening government institutions so that states are functional--and spaces are governed."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Abasa, Africano
2015-12
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Evolving Army Needs for Space-Based Support
From the monograph forward: "To support warfighters in the 21st century, Army and joint space operations must adapt to a congested, contested, and competitive international space environment. This monograph examines how the Army is postured to meet current and future space-based support needs to conduct unified land operations. It also provides recommendations regarding how to facilitate the best evolutionary path for future Army space activities to meet the changing environment for unified land operations as well as the diverse challenges of ongoing global operations, technological advances by potential adversaries, increased international competition, and domestic resource constraints. The monograph posits that the Army should retain its current focus on space operations as crossdomain support for terrestrial warfighter operations. It also suggests that the development of such support should include stakeholder and proponency issues with regard to cyberspace operations. Continuing to advance policies and strategies that embrace the joint, interagency, and international aspects of space operations will help ensure reliable and resilient support to operational and tactical commanders in any theater of operation."
Army War College (U.S.). Strategic Studies Institute
Caton, Jeffrey L.
2015-04
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Ungoverned Spaces in Guatemala and U.S. National Security
From the thesis abstract: "A nation's inability to enforce sovereignty over its territory and the 'ungoverned spaces' that this problem engenders pose clear threats to both the developing and the developed world. This paper argues that ungoverned spaces in Guatemala have serious implications for that Central American nation's internal security and threaten vital interests and ultimately the national security of the United States. The paper begins with an examination of the negative implications that ungoverned spaces have for the political, economic and social development of Guatemala's weak democracy. After demonstrating the problems that ungoverned spaces pose for Guatemala, the paper draws clear links between ungoverned spaces in Guatemala and contemporary threats to the national security and homeland defense of the United States. The paper examines transnational crimes, which thrive in Guatemala's ungoverned spaces, such as narcotics trafficking, arms smuggling, and trafficking in persons, and details the threats that they pose to United States national security. Finally, it suggests that the current mix of policies being used to confront these threats is not working and offers recommendations on how to more effectively confront these challenges."
Army War College (U.S.)
Greco, Matthew B.
2009-05-04
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State of the Space Industrial Base 2021: Infrastructure & Services for Economic Growth & National Security
From the Introduction: "This report represents the collective voice of 232 industry experts who gathered to provide inputs and recommendations to nurture and grow a healthy space industrial base and national security innovation base. While these recommendations do not represent the official position of the United States Space Force, or any other branch of government, they are extremely valuable inputs for consideration. The intended audience includes the Administration, National Space Council, senior policymakers across the executive departments, Congress, the U.S. Venture Capital (VC) and investor community, and the broader commercial space ecosystem. The main body of the report provides an overall assessment and general recommendations. It is followed by more in-depth assessments of the current state, challenges, inflections and recommendations needed to preserve America's leadership, as explored by the five workshop teams representing areas of most significant commercial, civil and national security space activity: information services, space logistics, operational concepts, enablers, policy and finance."
United States. Department of Defense; United States. Space Force; United States. Defense Innovation Unit . . .
Butow, Steven J.; Cooley, Thomas; Felt, Eric . . .
2021-11
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Air & Space Power Journal (Vol. 28, Issue 6)
The following titles are featured articles in this edition of Air & Space Power Journal: "Space Situational Awareness: Difficult, Expensive--and Necessary" by Dr. Gene H. McCall and John H. Darrah; "Space Separatism: Degree of Differentiation" by Luke R. Stover and Dr. Alan Johnson; "Policy for US Cybersecurity" by August G. Roesener, Carl Bottolfson, and Gerry Fernandez; "The Search for Space Doctrine's War-Fighting Icon" by Dr. Dale L. Hayden; "A Global Space Control Strategy" by Dr. B. T. Cesul; and "Space Combat Capability . . . Do We Have It?" by Adam P. Jodice and Mark R. Guerber. There are also eight book reviews in this edition of the journal.
Air University (U.S.). Press
2014-11
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Surplus Missile Motors: Sale Price Drives Potential Effects on DOD and Commercial Launch Providers, Report to Congressional Addressees
From the Highlights: "The U.S. government spends over a billion dollars each year on launch activities as it strives to help develop a competitive market for space launches and assure its access to space. Among others, one launch option is to use vehicles derived from surplus ICBM [intercontinental ballistic missile] motors such as those used on the Peacekeeper and Minuteman missiles. The Commercial Space Act of 1998 prohibits the use of these motors for commercial launches and limits their use in government launches in part to encourage the development of the commercial space launch industry in the United States. Legislative and policy changes would be needed to allow DOD to sell these motors for use on commercial launches. The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 contains a provision for GAO [Government Accountability Office] to analyze the potential effects of allowing the use of surplus ICBM motors for commercial space launch. This report addresses (1) the options for pricing surplus ICBM motors; and (2) the potential benefits and challenges of allowing surplus ICBM motors to be used for commercial space launch. GAO used Office of Management and Budget criteria to develop a range of breakeven prices, collected detailed motor storage and disposal costs from the Air Force, reviewed industry stakeholder responses to an Air Force request for information about other pricing methods, and interviewed DOD and industry officials."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2017-08
