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Theory of Interoperability Failures
From the Abstract: "This paper develops a theory of interoperability failures. Interoperability in this paper refers to the exchange of information and the use of information, once exchanged, between two or more systems. The need for a theory of interoperability failures is introduced along with a discussion of the reinforcing relationship between theory and experiment. First, the interoperability of two systems over time is considered. The failure rate for electronic equipment as it ages over time often follows a life distribution model in the shape of the widely known Bathtub curve. By analogy, if one considers the interaction of two systems over time, a theory of interoperability failures can be developed by postulating a life distribution model with three distinct time periods: early, mediate, and relative obsolescence. A causal analysis that focuses on intended functionality, requirements, design implementation, and developmental testing is used to explain the existence of these three time periods. Then, the relationship between interoperability and complexity in terms of interaction and coupling is discussed. Finally, the theory is used to develop criteria for selecting specific systems to study and collect data to refute or lend credence to the theory."
Command and Control Research Program (U.S.)
McBeth, Michael S.
2003
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Interoperability Today Fall 2005, Volume Three
This edition of Interoperability Today contains the following articles: "Partnerships Prove Critical to Advancing National Interoperability"; "New Technologies for First Responders Highlighted at DHS/DOJ [Departments of Homeland Security/Departments of Justice]Conference"; "The Future is Now: Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Communications Advances Can Be as Important as Medical Advances When it Comes to Saving Lives"; "Spotlight On Mike Morgan"; "The Interoperability Continuum"; "Nevada and Kentucky Regional Communications Interoperability Pilots (RCIPs) Make Important Strides in Improving Interoperability Nationwide"; and "Updated Interoperability Requirements Help Industry Align with First Responders' Technology Needs".
United States. Department of Homeland Security. SAFECOM
2005
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Methodology for Statewide Communications Interoperability Planning: Executive Summary
"The lack of interoperable wireless communications is an issue plaguing public safety agencies in communities across the country. In many cases, agencies cannot perform their mission critical duties. Many are unable to share critical voice or data information via radio with other jurisdictions in day-to-day operations and emergency response to incidents. Communications interoperability is defined as the ability of public safety agencies to talk across disciplines and jurisdictions via radio communications systems, exchanging voice and/or data with one another on demand, in real time, when needed and as authorized. As more than ninety percent of the public safety communications infrastructure in the United States is owned and operated at the local and state level, any successful effort to improve public safety interoperability must be driven by the local public safety community. A one size fits all solution to the interoperability issue mandated from the federal or state level down will not solve the problem. With the support of the Department of Homeland Security's SAFECOM Program, the Commonwealth of Virginia recently completed the first step in an effort to enhance interoperability through the development of a strategic plan for improving statewide interoperable communications based on this locally driven approach. Virginia's strategic planning process was driven from the local level up and focused on building support for the plan at every level of government."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. SAFECOM
2004
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Metropolitan Interoperability Radio System - Alexandria Site: Description Document
"The Metropolitan Interoperability Radio System (MIRS) is designed to meet the voice communications interoperability needs of the public safety agencies in the Metropolitan Washington DC Region. The MIRS is a fixed site system-to-system gateway that features the JPS Communications ACU-1000, an audio baseband switch. The basic system components are interface modules, each of which is designed to connect 800 megahertz (MHz), ultrahigh frequency (UHF), very high frequency (VHF), and low-band VHF radios, along with telephone interconnects. The computer-controlled system is configured to cross-connect up to seven different patches simultaneously. Several MIRS sites are being deployed in the Metropolitan Washington area. This Description Document describes the MIRS site at the Alexandria, Virginia Police Department (APD). The system is interfaced with the existing communications infrastructures of the APD and other law enforcement and public safety agencies located in the Metropolitan Washington, D.C., region. The resulting communications interoperability capability allows direct voice over-the-air radio communications among multiple law enforcement agencies. These agencies utilize radio systems that operate in different frequency bands, or operate within the same frequency band with incompatible modulation formats and/or trunking techniques, any of which defeat interoperability. This system was originally deployed as a Communications Interoperability Gateway Subsystem in Alexandria as part of an Operational Test Bed designed to investigate the technical and operational issues associated with using cross band repeat capabilities to achieve over-the-air voice interoperability among law enforcement agencies. The Gateway Subsystem was originally deployed in the year 2000, and has undergone operational tests, and has been used for specific events over the past 18 months."
National Institute of Justice (U.S.)
2003-04-04
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Command, Control (C2) and Coalition Interoperability Post '911': Introducing the Network Centric Infrastructure for Command Control and Intelligence (NICCI)
"Problems associated with Command and Control (C2) involve both Joint and coalition interoperability. Joint interoperability among US forces has steadily but slowly developed since WWI, and especially since passing of the Goldwater-Nichols Act in 1986. Joint interoperability mattered during the Cold War, but increasingly since the end of the Cold War, coalitions have been established on an as needed basis to fight current wars and bring combatants to the negotiating table. Problems that exist among coalitions are both equipment and process oriented. In addition, specific problems arise with cognitive differences among coalition partners, especially those involving areas outside of Europe. Furthermore, the need to rapidly form teams of personnel and equipment from very different force mixtures often outside of government to meet the uncertain challenges typical of today's crises determines that these ad hoc teams be capable of both rapid assembly and decisive action. These teams must also be capable of contributing to the command and control, even though most lack the sophisticated computing systems typical in the West. To fulfill the vast promise that tomorrow holds with respect to interoperability, the Network Infrastructure for Command, Control, and Intelligence (NICCI) is under design to work closely with such modern network architectures as the Joint Battlespace Infosphere (JBI). Although not mutually dependent on each other, a high level of synergy exists between NICCI and the Joint Battlespace Infosphere (JBI); these two programs will improve both Joint and coalition interoperability, and provide the mechanisms to prosecute time critical targets, perhaps the main specific problem in terms of interoperability today."
Rome Laboratory (Griffiss Air Force Base, N.Y.)
Illingworth, Gary
2002
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Secure Communities: IDENT/IAFIS Interoperability Monthly Statistics Through September 30, 2011
"Secure Communities' use of IDENT/IAFIS [Automated BiometricIdentification System/Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System] Interoperability produced over 348,000 Alien IDENT matches in FY11 compared to 248,000 Alien IDENT Matches in FY10. Since Secure Communities' use of IDENT/IAFIS Interoperability was first activated in Harris County, TX, ICE on October 27, 2008, ICE has removed over 142,000 aliens and over 37,600 criminal aliens convicted of a Level 1 offense that were identified through use of IDENT/IAFIS Interoperability. Deployment continues to be the primary driver for increased identifications. In FY11, ICE [U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement] deployed use of IDENT/IAFIS Interoperability to 937 new jurisdictions for a total of 1595 jurisdictions in 44 states. ICE deployed use of IDENT/IAFIS Interoperability to 87 jurisdictions in September. There were 30,650 Alien IDENT matches in September compared to 32,327 Alien IDENT matches in August. In September, SC observed 7,575 Level 1 matches compared to 7,849 Level 1 matches in August. 7,050 aliens identified through use of IDENT/IAFIS interoperability were removed from the country in September. Of these, 1,868 removals were aliens convicted of a Level 1 offense."
U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
2011-10-14
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Recommended Federal Interoperable Communications Grant Guidance Fiscal Year (FY) 2008
"New Title XVIII of the Homeland Security Act established the Office of Emergency Communications (OEC) within the Department of Homeland Security and charged that Office's Director with, among other duties, planning and overseeing the implementation and management of a new organization focused on interoperable communications. OEC manages the policy and planning elements of the SAFECOM Program and is charged with the development of national interoperability grant guidance and policies. This grant guidance provides Federal grant programs with recommended criteria to ensure that the limited funding available for emergency response communications is effectively and efficiently dispersed. Federal Fiscal Year (FY) 2008 Appropriations make available grant funding to enhance communications interoperability across the Nation. By definition, communications interoperability refers to the ability to communicate across jurisdictions and disciplines to support incident management when needed and as authorized. In addition, this grant guidance provides the emergency response community with tools and resources for the development of interoperability solutions. In an effort to coordinate the way in which funding is allocated and to maximize the prospects for interoperable communications, the OEC's SAFECOM program has developed some recommended grant criteria in concert with representatives of the emergency response community."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2008-01
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Tactical Interoperable Communications Scorecards Summary Report and Findings
"The Tactical Interoperable Communications Scorecard represents the first measurement of the maturity of communications interoperability in urban/metropolitan areas across the Nation. The results show that urban/metropolitan areas have come a long way in developing their tactical interoperable communications capabilities. As reiterated in the SAFECOM National Baseline Assessment, technology exists to permit interoperable communications, but solutions are often not available regionally and are far from seamless in many areas. The scorecards confirm this fact and show that continued training on available technical solutions and their procedures for use is critical to operational success. In areas that have demonstrated success at the tactical, commandlevel of communications interoperability, there is still work to be done. The scorecard process highlighted how multi-agency communications has been addressed within many jurisdictions, but regionalizing the existing communications strategies to identify longer term interoperability goals across multiple jurisdictions and levels of government should be addressed."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2007-01
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ODP Interoperable Communications Technical Assistance Program (ICTAP)
"Communications interoperability has been identified as one of the Department of Homeland Security's (DHS) top priorities. In support of this, ODP [Office for Domestic Preparedness] is making specialized technical assistance to enhance communications interoperability available for Urban Area Security Initiative (UASI) sites. Communications interoperability offers jurisdictions distinct challenges that can quickly overwhelm limited financial reserves and technical expertise. To alleviate this problem, ODP established a free technical assistance solution that UASI sites can now use to improve communications interoperability. The ODP Interoperable Communications Technical Assistance Program (ICTAP) provides a comprehensive approach to assist with defining requirements, providing recommendations to enhance communications interoperability architectures, helping with implementation and integration efforts of communications equipment, and the test and evaluation of the communications solution through a series of scenario-based communications exercises."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office for Domestic Preparedness
Mencer, Constance Suzanne, 1947-
2004-05-18
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Review of Statewide Interoperability Planning Efforts Across the Country
As communications interoperability continues to be a priority at the local, state, tribal and federal levels, the ability to share knowledge and better practices is a critical success factor in the planning and implementation of statewide interoperability initiatives. Communications interoperability is the ability of public safety agencies to talk across disciplines and jurisdictions via radio communications systems, exchanging voice and/or data with one another on demand, in real time, when needed and as authorized. The Commonwealth of Virginia and SAFECOM, a federal program managed by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), have entered into a partnership premised upon applying SAFECOM principles to an effort to plan and implement statewide communications interoperability. Both parties are committed to an approach, which captures the lessons learned that arise throughout their partnership. Those lessons learned can serve as a sample model to others designing and implementing a communications interoperability plan. Often the best place to start an effort as complex as this one is to collect insights and practices of other states and localities that have cleared their own path toward interoperability. This report profiles eighteen different states? planning efforts. The research highlights states and localities experiences with collaboration and participation across stakeholder groups. The purpose of this report is to provide examples of individual planning efforts complemented by a brief analysis of how some of these efforts have been successful and fit within SAFECOM principles.
United States. Department of Homeland Security; United States. Department of Homeland Security. SAFECOM
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Emergency Communications: Improved Procurement of Land Mobile Radios Could Enhance Interoperability and Cut Costs, Report to Congressional Requesters
"Public safety personnel across the nation rely on LMR [Land Mobile Radios] to share information and coordinate their emergency response efforts. LMR systems are intended to provide secure, reliable, mission-critical voice communications in a variety of environments, scenarios, and emergencies; however, LMR interoperability--the ability to communicate across agencies--has been a long-standing challenge at all levels of government. GAO [Government Accountability Office] was asked to examine federal agencies' LMR interoperability and procurement practices. GAO examined (1) LMR equipment used by federal agencies and the state of LMR interoperability among these agencies; (2) factors that help and hinder LMR interoperability among agencies; and (3) agencies' LMR procurement practices. GAO surveyed civilian federal agencies, identified through their membership in the Emergency Communications Preparedness Center (57 agencies fully responded to the survey and one agency provided a partial response); reviewed Department of Homeland Security planning documents related to interoperability; and interviewed federal agency officials with responsibilities related to emergency communications and procurement of LMR equipment. GAO also reviewed OMB [Office of Management and Budget] initiatives to improve federal procurement."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2016-10-05
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Interoperability and Network-Centric Warfare: US Army Future Force and German Army in 2015
From the thesis abstract: "US and German security strategies portray future warfare as coalition warfare. Thus, successful military operations depend on assured Interoperability of coalition forces. This paper asks for the state of Interoperability between German Forces in 2015 and the US Army Future Force. The reader will be informed about the US Future Force, whose characteristics and implications on foreign nation's Interoperability are evaluated. Special consideration is given to technical and behavioral Interoperability. The monograph assesses the projected capabilities of the German Bundeswehr in the year 2015 with regard to Network-Centric Warfare (NCW). Technical and behavioral Interoperability are again the main focus. According to the findings of the paper, German Bundeswehr forces in 2015 will be prepared for integration into the US Army Future Force. The single most important factor for assuring this capability will be an appropriate funding in the next ten years."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Alme, Thorsten
2005-05-26?
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National Interoperability Field Operations Guide [version 1.2]
"The National Interoperability Field Operations Guide (NIFOG) is a collection of technical reference material for radio technicians responsible for radios that will be used in disaster response applications. The NIFOG includes information from the National Interoperability Frequency Guide (NIFG), the instructions for use of the NIFG, and other reference material; formatted as a pocket-sized guide for radio technicians to carry with them. If you are not familiar with interoperability and mutual aid communications, start with the 'How to Use the National Interoperability Field Operations Guide' section. We encourage you to program as many of these interoperability channels in your radios as possible. Even if geographic restrictions on some channels preclude their use in your home area, you may have the opportunity to help in a distant state where the restrictions do not apply. Maximize your flexibility. This version (1.2) contains updated information pertaining to both the OEC program office, and communication channels."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2008-03
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Interoperability Technology Today, Summer 2009
"Interoperability Technology Today is published quarterly by the Science and Technology Directorate's Command, Control and Interoperability Division (CID) at no cost to subscribers. Its mission is to provide the emergency response community, policy makers, and local officials with information about interoperability initiatives nationwide, best practices, and lessons learned." This edition contains the following article: "Interoperability Infiltrates Georgia's Emergency Response Agencies"; "Information Sharing and Virtual USA"; "Laboratories Approved to Test Project 25 Radio Equipment"; "Global Positioning System Technology Connects Emergency Responders with Resources"; "Interoperability Across Borders"; "Dereck Orr: Accelerating the Adoption of Critical Public Safety Standards"; and "Q&A with Dereck Orr".
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Science and Technology Directorate
2009
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Interoperability Technology Today, Summer 2010
"Interoperability Technology Today is published quarterly by the Science and Technology Directorate's Command, Control and Interoperability (CCI) Division at no cost to subscribers. Its mission is to provide the emergency response community, policy makers, and local officials with information about interoperability initiatives nationwide, best practices, and lessons learned." This edition contains the following articles: "Personal Identity Verification-Interoperable/First Responder Authentication Credential Standard Enables Critical Collaboration Among Emergency Response Communities"; "Strategic Resource Group Enhances Virtual USA Progress"; "Mississippi: Revitalized City with Revitalized Communication"; "Analytical Tool Kit Improves Accuracy of Suspicious Activity Reports"; "Don Wright: Executive Director for ICIS [Interagency Communications Interoperability System] Radio System in Southern California"; and "VQiPs [Video Quality in Public Safety] Workshop Convenes to Determine Path Forward".
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Science and Technology Directorate
2010
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Interoperability Technology Today, Summer 2008
"Interoperability Technology Today is published quarterly by CID [Control and Interoperability Division] at no cost to subscribers. Its mission is to provide the emergency response community, policy makers, and local officials with information about interoperability initiatives nationwide, best practices, and lessons learned." This edition contains the following articles: "Arizona Law Enforcement Officers Take to Street with New Hand-Held Technology"; "Value of Virtual Alabama a Reality"; "Interoperability in Rocky Mountain State Reaches New Heights"; "Data Technology Keeps In Step with NIMS STEP [National Incident Management System Supporting Technology Evaluation Program]"; "OIC [Office for Interoperability and Compatibility] Seeks Practitioner Volunteers to Participate in Research Testing"; "DHS [U.S. Department of Homeland Security] Releases Data Messaging Standards Language Guide for Requests for Proposals"; "DHS Type III COML [Communications Unit Leader] Training to be Released"; "Multi-Band Milestone for Radio Communications"; "Planned Events Yield Opportunities of Olympic Proportions"; "From the Mississippi Front Lines to Capitol Hill with Congressman Bennie Thompson"; and "Q&A with Congressman Bennie Thompson".
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Science and Technology Directorate
2008
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Interoperability Technology Today Spring 2008
"Interoperability Technology Today is published quarterly by OIC [Office for Interoperability and Compatibility] at no cost to subscribers. Its mission is to provide the emergency response community, policy makers, and local officials with information about interoperability initiatives nationwide, best practices, and lessons learned." This edition contains the following articles: "State Police Aviation Crews Take Flight"; "Service Puts Digital Voice Coders to the Test"; "Director's Message"; "Standardizing Radio Channel Names"; "Remembering Marilyn Praisner"; "Arizona Scores Interoperability Touchdowns"; "Border Interoperability at a Crossroads".
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Science and Technology Directorate
2008
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Interoperability Today, Fall 2006
"Interoperability Today is published quarterly by the SAFECOM program at no cost to subscribers Its mission is to provide the emergency responder community with information and updates regarding interoperability in emergency response communications, equipment, and training." This edition contains the following articles: "Firefighters on the Communications Front Line"; "New
Tools for Emergency Responders"; "Urban Areas Test Tactical Interoperable Communications Through Exercises"; "Louisville's MetroSafe- An Example of Success"; "Operational Guide for the Interoperability Continuum"; "Local Participation Drives Montana's Interoperability Solutions"; "Baseline Survey Results Will Help Leaders Make Informed Decisions"; "NACo's [National Association of Counties] Policy Academies Offer Training for Local Officials"; "Prevention:
An All-Crimes Strategy"; and "Q& A With (Ret.) Major Alecia Webb-Edgington".
United States. Department of Homeland Security. SAFECOM
2006
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Interoperability Technology Today, Winter/Spring 2010
"Interoperability Technology Today is published quarterly by the Science and Technology Directorate's Command, Control and Interoperability (CCI) Division at no cost to subscribers. Its mission is to provide the emergency response community, policy makers, and local officials with information about interoperability initiatives nationwide, best practices, and lessons learned." This edition contains the following articles: "SPADAC Estimates Crime Probability with Geospatial Predictive Analytics"; "CMAS [Commercial Mobile Alert Service] Stakeholders Demonstrate Successful Progress"; "2010 Conferences Showcase Latest and Greatest for Emergency Responders"; "VIPER [Virginia Interoperability Picture for Emergency Response] Improves Decision Making for Emergency Responders"; "Ashley Strickland: Firefighter, Captain, and Interoperable Communications Activist"; "Q&A with Ashley Strickland"; and "Southeast Regional Operations Platform Pilot Achieves Information Sharing Milestone".
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Science and Technology Directorate
2010
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Interoperability Technology Today Fall 2007
"Interoperability Technology Today is published quarterly by OIC [Office for Interoperability and Compatibility] at no cost to subscribers. Its mission is to provide the emergency response community, policy makers, and local officials with information about interoperability initiatives nationwide, best practices, and lessons learned." This edition contains the following articles: "Interoperability: A Canine Unit's Best Friend"; "Interoperability Progress in Ohio Anything But Flat"; "Director's Message"; "Pursuit of Progress in Morris County"; "Silicon Flatirons Releases Report on Next-Generation Network for Communications"; "Data Messaging Standards Near OASIS Finish Line"; "In Your Own Words:; and "Spotlight on Chief Charles Werner".
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Science and Technology Directorate
2007
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National Interoperability Field Operations Guide [version 1.3]
"The National Interoperability Field Operations Guide (NIFOG) is a technical reference for radio technicians responsible for radios that will be used in disaster response applications, and for emergency communications planners. The NIFOG includes rules and regulations for use of nationwide and other interoperability channels, frequencies and channel names, and other reference material; formatted as a pocket-sized guide for radio technicians to carry with them. If you are not familiar with interoperability and mutual aid communications, start with the 'How to Use the National Interoperability Field Operations Guide' section. We encourage you to program as many of these interoperability channels in your radios as possible. Even if geographic restrictions on some channels preclude their use in your home area, you may have the opportunity to help in a distant location where the restrictions do not apply. Maximize your flexibility. This version (1.3) contains the information in version 1.2 and all changes issued through March 10, 2009."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of Emergency Communications
2009-05
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Solving Wireless Communications Interoperability Problems Among Emergency First Responders Depends on Greater National Guard Involvement
"Interoperable first responder wireless communications are a key strategic requirement for effectively and efficiently responding to and recovering from man made and natural disasters. Recent major events provide terrible examples of the unnecessary loss of lives and severe confusion in which lack of interoperability played a significant role. The most successful initiatives to fix the interoperability problem are not top down federal approaches. Rather, they result from local and state personnel driving the solutions that work not only in locally handled incidents but also in larger emergencies. An effective national strategy for improving the first responder wireless communications interoperability problems depends on greater emphasis on the National Guard role in proactively interfacing with local first responders to better understand the current state of the dynamic communications environment. A National Guard situation awareness cell at each JFHQ-State, focused on first responder wireless communications interoperability within the state, is key to improving emergency response during the next national crisis."
Joint Forces Staff College (U.S.)
McFarland, Blair J.
2007-05-17
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National Interoperability Field Operations Guide [Version 1.0]
"The National Interoperability Field Operations Guide (NIFOG) is a collection of technical reference material for radio technicians responsible for radios that will be used in disaster response applications. The NIFOG includes information from the National Interoperability Frequency Guide (NIFG), the instructions for use of the NIFG, and other reference material; formatted as a pocket-sized guide for radio technicians to carry with them. If you are not familiar with interoperability and mutual aid communications, start with the 'How to Use the National Interoperability Field Operations Guide' section. We encourage you to program as many of these interoperability channels in your radios as possible. Even if geographic restrictions on some channels preclude their use in your home area, you may have the opportunity to help in a distant state where the restrictions do not apply. Maximize your flexibility
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of Emergency Communications
2007-09
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Statewide Interoperability Planning Guidebook
"The purpose of this Statewide Interoperability Planning Guidebook is to provide the designated State Interoperability Coordinators or the appropriate authority from each of the states and territories with an explanation of the statewide plan criteria, a step-by-step guide for developing an interoperability plan, and a recommended layout for the statewide plans. Detailed explanations include common questions to consider, helpful hints in completing each section, and a list of the criteria each section addresses. This guidebook will help communities not only satisfactorily respond to the statewide plan criteria, but also define an actionable path forward for states and their leaders. Interoperable emergency response communications enable agencies to exchange voice and/or data on demand, in real time, when needed, and when authorized. Truly seamless communications interoperability will be achieved when any emergency response official can be deployed anywhere in the country, use his or her own radio to communicate with other responders, and use the compatible standard operating procedures (SOPs) he or she has been trained on in their respective jurisdiction."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2007-03
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Next Generation Air Transportation System: Improved Risk Analysis Could Strengthen FAA's Global Interoperability Efforts, Report to Congressional Requesters
"The United States, Europe, and other countries across the world are modernizing their ATM systems. As these efforts proceed, international coordination in developing interoperable ATM systems and procedures will be necessary to support a global aviation network and ensure the seamless transition of aircraft and aviation information across national borders. GAO [Government Accountability Office] was asked to review FAA's [Federal Aviation Administration] actions to achieve the interoperability of NextGen with other countries' ATM modernization efforts. This report examines (1) selected stakeholders' views on factors that might affect NextGen's global interoperability; (2) the extent to which FAA has established a strategy to effectively achieve NextGen's global interoperability; and (3) actions FAA has taken to coordinate with other countries on global interoperability. GAO reviewed documents pertaining to FAA's international strategy and collaborative efforts with foreign and domestic aviation stakeholders. GAO also interviewed FAA officials and 25 stakeholders representing different facets of the aviation industry including foreign ANSPs, manufacturers, and standards-making bodies."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2015-07
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UASI Interoperability Initiatives Best Practices (Version 1.0)
"Interoperability is the ability to work together. It is conducting effective joint operations. It is co-operating. None of this occurs without the ability to talk with each other. Under the Interoperable Communications Technical Assistance Program (ICTAP) of the Department of Homeland Security's (DHS) Office of State and Local Government Coordination and Preparedness, many agencies in Urban Area Strategic Initiative (UASI) regions are, for the very first time, meeting with each other to talk about a common problem, regional interoperability. Beyond the discussion, efforts to implement regional interoperability systems are underway in many regions. This report is a review of those regional efforts from February 2005 through July 2005 documenting best practice s and what works in implementing radio communication interoperability."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2005-07-08
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Conference of Mayor's Interoperability Survey
"This 192-city survey conducted by the U.S. Conference of Mayors addresses issues related to 1) the level of interoperable communications across city, state, and federal public safety agencies; 2) obstacles to interoperability and whether the federal mechanism for distributing Homeland Security funds by states delayed city interoperable investments; 3) investment required for a city to become fully interoperable and whether and how much federal funding is expected or has been made available to aid city interoperable implementation. The results of this survey were published in June 2004."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. SAFECOM
United States Conference of Mayors.
2004-06
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Network-Centric Enterprise Service for Mediation and Interoperability: The Dynamic Operational Object Registration Service (DOORS)
"Warfighters conducting joint and coalition task force operations and inter-governmental agency operations supporting homeland security must interoperate with C2/C4I systems that possess disparate mapping/visualization and information management infrastructures. These C2/C4I systems are generally built upon dissimilar data representations and stovepipe interfaces. To achieve information superiority while engaged in such operations, commanders must transform component C2/C4I system data into interoperable information and shared knowledge, making the result available for exchange to multiple levels and nodes bases upon need and choice. This level of interoperability is critical for geo-spatially and temporally registered operational object information that comprises situation understanding aspects of a common operational picture, which also extends to supporting drill down information. SAICs Dynamic Operational Object Registration Service (DOORS) was developed in the anticipation that a properly conceived C2/C4I vocabulary of domain knowledge representation, supported by an ontology-driven adaptive system, and employing meta-data based translation services (mapping of data from each participating system to a common representation) will provide the requisite basis for a network-centric enterprise data mediation service that addresses current interoperability challenges. DOORS provides the mechanism to exchange interoperable information for joint/combined task force operations according to a register-publish-subscribe metaphor that reflects the commanders information exchange requirements."
Command and Control Research Program (U.S.)
Bollers, Jonathan C.
2004-06-15
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Joint Laser Interoperability, Tomorrow's Answer to Precision Engagement
"Joint Vision 2020 directs a transformation of Department of Defense to meet US needs in the next century. One of the major goals of this transformation is a fully joint force capable of precision engagement. This monograph proposes a concept called Joint Laser Interoperability and discusses whether or not this concept provides some or all of Joint Vision 2020's precision engagement. The discussion begins with the current state of US laser systems and the present state of interoperability. This includes a brief discussion of how a laser works and what constitutes the basic parts of a laser system, laser range finders, laser designators, laser spot trackers, and laser guided weapons. The monograph also explains the difference between eye-safe and non eye-safe lasers. Once the monograph outlines current laser system capabilities it describes how current air, ground, and naval laser systems could be combined with new technology to create a joint force that is fully laser interoperable. The monograph also suggests changes in future organizations and equipment such as the US Army s Interim Brigade Combat Team (IBCT). These changes focus on providing a laser based precision capability to units that do not have one, and increasing the capability of those units that already possess some laser capability. After defining Joint Laser Interoperability, the monograph discusses the operational advantages this concept could provide the DOD and how the concept would enhance current precision engagement capabilities. The monograph discusses the joint advantages in both deep and close operations, and how the air, ground, and naval elements would benefit from Joint Laser Interoperability. The monograph also discusses the limitations and roadblocks to fielding this concept with respect to weather, communications, and doctrine."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Neuenswander, David M.
2001-05-01
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Non-technical Interoperability in Multinational Forces
"Interoperability in multinational forces generally refers to compatibility of hardware and software. Connectivity alone, however, does not confer capability and must be accompanied by interoperability of people, process, and organisation. We have labelled these latter aspects 'nontechnical interoperability (NTI). The purpose of this item of work was to develop a valid framework describing the factors that underpin NTI to allow UK MOD to understand these aspects of interoperability better and to mitigate potential frictional factors in multinational forces. Recent work has involved an assessment of the framework by military subject matter experts to validate its structure and content further. In addition, a Multinational forces Co-operability Index has been developed with a view to aiding the assessment of whole-system interoperability."
Command and Control Research Program (U.S.)
Stewart, K.; Clarke, H.; Goillau, P.
2004-09-14
