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Hate Crime Victimization, 2004-2012 - Statistical Tables
"In 2012, an estimated 293,800 nonfatal violent and property hate crime victimizations occurred against persons age 12 or older residing in U.S. households. The apparent increase from 2011 to 2012 in the rate of overall violent hate crime was not statistically significant. […] This report presents NCVS [National Crime Victimization Survey] data on the characteristics of hate crimes and hate crime victims from 2003 to 2012. Trend estimates are based on 2-year rolling averages centered on the most recent year. This method generally improves the reliability and stability of estimate comparisons over time. For ease of discussion, the report refers to all 2-year estimates by the most recent year. For example, estimates reported for 2012 represent the average estimates for 2011 and 2012. The report also compares NCVS and UCR [Uniform Crime Reports] overall trends in hate crime victimization."
United States. Bureau of Justice Statistics
Wilson, Meagan Meuchel
2014-02
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Hate Crime Statistics 2010
This entry provides an interactive resource for practitioners regarding hate crime statistics for 2010 in the United States. "The Hate Crime Statistics Program of the FBI [Federal Bureau of Investigation]'s Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program collects data regarding criminal offenses that are motivated, in whole or in part, by the offender's bias against a race, religion, sexual orientation, ethnicity/national origin, or disability and are committed against persons, property, or society. (Forthcoming system changes will also allow the future collection of data for crimes motivated by gender and gender identity as well as data about crimes committed by, and crimes directed against, juveniles.) Because motivation is subjective, it is sometimes difficult to know with certainty whether a crime resulted from the offender's bias. Moreover, the presence of bias alone does not necessarily mean that a crime can be considered a hate crime. Only when law enforcement investigation reveals sufficient evidence to lead a reasonable and prudent person to conclude that the offender's actions were motivated, in whole or in part, by his or her bias, should an incident be reported as a hate crime."
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation. Criminal Justice Information Services Division
2011?
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Advisory Memorandum on Hate Crimes in Maine
From the Document: "The Maine State Advisory Committee to the United States Commission on Civil Rights (Committee), in support of the Commission's project on hate crimes, held a briefing on July 12, 2019. The Committee sought to learn about the current prevalence of hate crimes in Maine, the structure of hate crime laws within the state, and the effectiveness of current laws to track, report, and combat hate crimes within Maine. The agenda, an excerpt regarding hate crimes from the 2017 Crime in Maine report and a listing of actions brought under the Maine Civil Rights Act from 2010 to November 1, 2018 are attached in the Appendix. This Advisory Memorandum highlights the information the Committee learned at the briefing."
United States Commission on Civil Rights
2020-04
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Hate Crimes and the Rise of White Nationalism, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, First Session, April 9, 2019
This is the April 9, 2019 hearing on "Hate Crimes and the Rise of White Nationalism," held before the U.S. House Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security of the Committee on the Judiciary. From the opening statement of Jerrold Nadler: "We will consider issues relating to hate crimes and the rise of White nationalism. This topic goes to the heart of our country's longstanding struggle to carry out what the Preamble to our Constitution says it is designed to do, 'to form a more perfect union.' Hate incidents target victims based on their actual or perceived race, religion, sex, sexual orientation, or other immutable characteristics. Some of these incidents may be crimes, and some are not. All of them harm not only individuals, but also our communities and, ultimately, our entire Nation." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Eileen Hershenov, Mohammad Abu-Salha, Eva Paterson, Neil Potts, Alexandria Walden, Morton Klein, Candace Owens, and Kristen Clarke.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2021
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Hate Crime and Discrimination against Religious Institutions in Illinois: A Report of the Illinois State Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights
"In October of 2014, a 26-year-old white man stabbed a 79-year-old African-American woman four times in the back and neck with a five-inch steak knife at a grocery store in Homewood, Illinois. The assailant told police following his arrest that he had attacked this senior citizen as she went about the ordinary tasks of her daily life because she was black and an 'easy target.' The attacker was charged with attempted first-degree murder and a hate crime. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) defines a hate crime as 'a traditional offense like murder, arson, or vandalism with an added element of bias.' Congress has defined a hate crime as a criminal offense motivated in whole or in part by an offender's bias against a race, gender, gender identity, religion, disability, ethnic origin or sexual orientation. Hate crimes affect not only the specific victim, but also those who share his or her characteristics, creating a climate of fear and intimidation that negatively impacts the broader community. According to the White House, there has been an almost 50% increase in hate crimes and related charges and convictions by the U.S. Department of Justice during the past five years (2009-2013) as compared to the previous five years."
United States Commission on Civil Rights
2015-05
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Hate Crime: The Violence of Intolerance
"According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, in 'Hate Crimes Reported in NIBRS, 1997-1999,' racially motivated hate crimes most frequently target blacks. Six in 10 racially biased incidents targeted blacks, and 3 in 10 people targeted whites. Hispanics of all races were targeted in 6.7 percent of incidents and Asians in 3 percent. Younger offenders were responsible for most hate crimes and most of their victims were between 11 and 31. The age of victims of violent hate crimes drops dramatically after age 45. Thirty-one percent of violent offenders and 46 percent of property offenders were under age 18. Thirty-two percent of hate crimes occurred in a residence, 28 percent in an open space, 19 percent in a retail/commercial establishment or public building, 12 percent at a school or college, and 3 percent at a church, synagogue, or temple."
United States. Community Relations Service
2001-12
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Examining Hate Crime in the Equality State
From the Document: "The Committee submits this report as part of its responsibility to study and report on civil rights issues in the state of Wyoming. [...] This report details civil rights concerns relating to the incidence of and response to hate crime in the state. The Committee identified several concerns including the underreporting of hate crimes, the need for training of law enforcement to address hate crimes, bias-motivated incidents and its impact on the American Indian community, the prevalence of bias-motivated incidents, the lack of hate crime legislation and its impact on vulnerable communities, and alternative solutions to address the discrimination given the history of attempts to pass hate crime legislation. From these findings, the Committee offers to the Commission recommendations for addressing this problem of national importance."
United States Commission on Civil Rights
2020-07
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Federal Hate Crime Prosecutions, 2005-19
From the Document: "From October 1, 2004 to September 30, 2019, U.S. attorneys investigated a total of 1,864 suspects in matters involving violations of federal hate crime statutes. Federal prosecutors referred 17% of the suspects for prosecution. The number of hate crime matters investigated fell 8%, from 647 during 2005-09 (129 per year) to 597 during 2015-19 (119 per year). During the most recent 5-year period of 2015-19, nearly half (48%) of the 597 suspects investigated for a hate crime were referred to U.S. attorneys for Hate Crimes Prevention Act (HCPA) violations. This report uses data from the Bureau of Justice Statistics' Federal Justice Statistics Program to describe criminal prosecutions over federal hate crimes from 2005 to 2019."
United States. Bureau of Justice Statistics
Motivans, Mark
2021-07
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 1592, Local Law Enforcement Hate Crimes Prevention Act of 2007
From the Summary: "H.R. 1592 would establish certain hate crimes as new federal offenses and would direct the Department of Justice (DOJ) to expand its data collection efforts relating to hate crimes. The bill also would authorize the appropriation of: [1] $5 million for each of fiscal years 2008 and 2009 for DOJ to make grants to state, local, and tribal governments to investigate and prosecute hate crimes; [2] Such sums as may be necessary for DOJ to make grants to state, local, and tribal governments to combat juvenile hate crimes; and [3] Such sums as may be necessary for fiscal years 2008 through 2010 for additional personnel in DOJ and the Department of the Treasury to prevent, investigate, and prosecute hate crimes. Assuming appropriation of the necessary amounts, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing H.R. 1592 would cost $20 million over the 2008-2012 period. This legislation could affect direct spending and receipts, but CBO estimates that any such effects would not be significant in any year."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2007-04-27
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Religious-Based Hate Crimes: DOJ Needs to Improve Support to Colleges Given Increasing Reports on Campuses, Congressional Requesters
From the GAO [Government Accountability Office] Highlights: "On average, 205,000 U.S. residents report being victims of hate crimes every year, according to DOJ [Department of Justice] officials. Hate crimes, including those motivated by bias against an actual or perceived religion, can have a broader effect than other kinds of violent crimes because they target both the victim and the group the victim represents. GAO was asked to review religious-based hate crimes on college campuses. This report reviews 1) the prevalence of religious-based hate crimes and bias incidents on college campuses; 2) what steps colleges are taking to address them; and 3) the extent to which Education and DOJ help colleges, campus law enforcement, and other stakeholders monitor and address these crimes and bias incidents."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2019-10
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Hate Crime Statistics 2002
"The FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program has been collecting statistics on crimes motivated by a bias against a race, religion, sexual orientation, or ethnicity/national origin since 1992 and against a disability since 1994. The hate crime data collection program is viewed by many as the essential first step toward quantifying these occurrences in our Nation. This edition of Hate Crime Statistics is the latest presentation in this series aimed at better equipping law enforcement to handle the complex and difficult challenge of dealing with hate crime. A total of 12,073 law enforcement agencies reported 7,462 hate crime incidents in 2002."
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
2003
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Federal Bureau of Investigation: Hate Crime
This webpage includes resources, cases, and stories on hate crimes investigated by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. "Crimes of hatred and prejudice-from lynchings to cross burnings to vandalism of synagogues-are a sad fact of American history, but the term "hate crime" did not enter the nation's vocabulary until the 1980s, when emerging hate groups like the Skinheads launched a wave of bias-related crime. The FBI began investigating what we now call hate crimes as far back as the early 1920s, when we opened our first Ku Klux Klan case. Today, we remain dedicated to working with state and local authorities to prevent these crimes and to bring to justice those who commit them."
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
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Sifting Domestic Terrorism from Hate Crime and Homegrown Violent Extremism [June 13, 2016]
"Domestic terrorism, hate crime, and homegrown violent extremism are three fairly distinct concepts that federal law enforcement agencies use to categorize key types of criminals whose illegal activities are at least partly ideologically motivated. […] Domestic terrorism cases differ from ordinary criminal activity in key ways. Most importantly, unlike ordinary criminals--who are often driven by self-centered motives such as profit and tend to opportunistically seek easy prey--domestic terrorists are driven by a cause or ideology. If the motives involved eventually align with the definition laid out in 18 U.S.C. §2331(5), presumably the case becomes a domestic terrorist investigation. […] Current federal law defines hate crimes to include any crime against either person or property in which the offender intentionally selects the victim because of the victim's actual or perceived race, color, religion, national origin, gender, gender identity, disability, or sexual orientation. Hate crimes may appear to involve ideological issues. However, as described by one FBI official, a 'hate crime' 'generally involve[s] acts of personal malice directed at individuals' and is missing the broader motivations driving acts of domestic terrorism. […] The FBI and DHS have popularized the phrase 'homegrown violent extremist' (HVE). It divides domestic terrorists from U.S.-based terrorists motivated by the ideologies of foreign terrorist organizations. According to DHS and the FBI, a HVE is 'a person of any citizenship who has lived and/or operated primarily in the United States or its territories who advocates, is engaged in, or is preparing to engage in ideologically-motivated terrorist activities (including providing support to terrorism) […]."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Bjelopera, Jerome P.
2016-06-13
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Hate Crimes: National Database Identifies Traits and Motivations Marking Distinct Pathways of People Who Commit Bias-Based Offenses
From the Document: "Individuals who commit hate crimes do so out of a variety of bias-based motivations, and the demographic and other characteristics of those individuals can vary widely depending on the type of hate crime committed. A recent study of unprecedented scope on what drives people who perpetrate hate crimes found that, in light of those diverse motivations and traits, the tools needed to monitor and rehabilitate those individuals must be flexible and capable of addressing risks in heterogeneous populations. [...] The purpose of this study by START [National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism] was to enhance understanding of characteristics of hate crime, also known as bias crime, in the United States."
United States. Department of Justice; United States. Office of Justice Programs; National Institute of Justice (U.S.)
2021-11-30
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Hate Crime Legislation [January 15, 2010]
"This report provides an overview of the hate crime debate, with background on current law and hate crime statistics, and a legislative history of hate crime prevention bills in recent Congresses. This report does not analyze the constitutional or other legal issues that often arise as part of the hate crime debate."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Krouse, William J.
2010-01-15
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Hate Crime Statistics 2003
"The FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program has been collecting statistics on crimes motivated by a bias against a race, religion, sexual orientation, or ethnicity/national origin since 1992 and against a disability since 1994. The hate crime data collection program is viewed by many as the essential first step toward quantifying these occurrences in our Nation. During 2003, nearly 12,000 law enforcement agencies identified 7,489 criminal incidents that were motivated by the offender's irrational antagonism toward some personal attribute associated with the victim. In 'Hate Crime Statistics, 2003', the FBI through its UCR hate crime data collection program publishes the data collected by these agencies about the 8,715 offenses, the 9,100 victims, and 6,934 offenders involved in these incidents."
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
2004-11
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Hate Crime Statistics 1996
"This edition of Hate Crime Statistics is the latest presentation in this series aimed at better equipping law enforcement to handle the complex and difficult challenge of dealing with hate crime. The total number of hate crime incidents reported to the FBI in 1996 was 8,759. The FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program has been collecting statistics on crimes motivated by a bias against a race, religion, sexual orientation, or ethnicity/national origin since 1992 and against a disability since 1994."
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
1996
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Building Stronger, Safer Communities: A Guide for Law Enforcement and Community Partners to Prevent and Respond to Hate Crimes
"'Building Stronger, Safer Communities: A Guide for Law Enforcement and Community Partners to Prevent and Respond to Hate Crimes' offers leadership strategies and actionable tactics to help law enforcement agencies work with community partners. Real-life examples, documented by the Not In Our Town movement against hate and intolerance, illustrate how agencies can work with community stakeholder to create an atmosphere where hate is not tolerated and take positive steps in the aftermath of a hate crime. This guide also explains the history of the Not In Our Town movement and provides multiples lists of resources to promote action, engagement, and empowerment for the community and law enforcement."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
McInerny, Libby; Alqadi, Nazmia; Whalen, Kelly
2013
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S. Rept. 104-269: To Reauthorize the Hate Crime Statistics Act, Report to Accompany S. 1624, May 13, 1996
From the Purpose: "The purpose of the proposed legislation is to reauthorize permanently the Hate Crime Statistics Act, which requires the Attorney General to establish reporting guidelines for the collection of, and to collect, data about crimes which manifest evidence of prejudice based on race, religion, sexual orientation, ethnicity or disability. Reauthorization of the Act is necessary to require the Attorney General to continue the collection of data on hate crimes and to publish annual summaries of the acquired data, thereby providing information which can help local law enforcement agencies and local communities combat hate crimes more effectively by identifying over time their frequency, location, and other patterns."
United States. Government Printing Office
1996-05-13
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Hate Crime Statistics 2007
This entry provides an interactive resource for practitioners regarding hate crime statistics for 2007 in the United States. "Today, the Federal Bureau of Investigation released statistics which indicated that 7,624 criminal incidents involving 9,006 offenses were reported in 2007 as a result of bias toward a particular race, religion, sexual orientation, ethnicity/national origin, or physical or mental disability. Hate Crime Statistics, 2007, published by the FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting Program, includes data from hate crime reports submitted by law enforcement agencies throughout the nation."
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
2008-10
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Hate Crime Statistics 2018
This repository of hate crime statistics from the Federal Bureau of Investigation contains information and data regarding hate crimes in the United States as of 2018 and including recent developments. The data can be sorted by the following categories: incidents and offenses, victims, offenders, location type, and hate crime by jurisdiction. The webpage also includes additional reports on Federal crime data, human trafficking, and cargo theft.
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
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Hate Crime Statistics 2001
"This edition of Hate Crime Statistics is the latest presentation in this series aimed at better equipping law enforcement to handle the complex and difficult challenge of dealing with hate crime. The distribution of hate crime incidents resulting from ethnicity or national-origin bias changed in 2001, presumably as a result of the heinous incidents that occurred on September 11. For many offenders, the preformed negative opinion, or bias, was directed toward ethnicity/ national origin. Consistent with past data, by bias type, law enforcement reported that most incidents in 2001 were motivated by bias against race. However, crime incidents motivated by bias against ethnicity/national origin were the second most frequently reported bias in 2001, more than doubling the number of incidents, offenses, victims, and known offenders from 2000 data."
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
2002
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Hate Crime Statistics 2016
This repository of hate crime statistics from the Federal Bureau of Investigation contains information and data regarding hate crimes in the United States as of 2016 and including recent developments. The data can be sorted by the following categories: incidents and offenses, victims, offenders, location type, and hate crime by jurisdiction. The webpage also includes additional reports on Federal crime data, human trafficking, and cargo theft.
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
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Hate Crime Statistics 2015
This repository of hate crime statistics from the Federal Bureau of Investigation contains information and data regarding hate crimes in the United States as of 2015 and including recent developments. The data can be sorted by the following categories: incidents and offenses, victims, offenders, location type, and hate crime by jurisdiction. The webpage also includes additional reports on Federal crime data, human trafficking, and cargo theft.
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
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Department of Justice's Role in Investigating and Prosecuting Hate Crimes [September 17, 2019]
From the Document: "In the aftermath of the shooting at an El Paso, TX, Walmart, where the shooter told authorities that he was targeting 'Mexicans' and an online post attributed to him decried the 'Hispanic invasion of Texas,' the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has opened an investigation into whether the shooting was a hate crime, and the U.S. Attorney for the Western District of Texas has stated that federal hate crime charges might be brought against the shooter. This and other similar incidents have raised questions about how the Department of Justice (DOJ) investigates and prosecutes hate crimes."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
James, Nathan
2019-09-17
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Sifting Domestic Terrorism from Hate Crime and Homegrown Violent Extremism [August 14, 2017]
"In light of the violence related to protests in Charlottesville, VA, on August 12, 2017, policymakers may be interested in how the concepts of domestic terrorism, hate crime, and homegrown violent extremism compare with one another. They are fairly distinct ideas that federal law enforcement agencies use to categorize key types of criminals whose illegal activities are at least partly ideologically motivated. Specifically, these terms may be part of public discussion regarding a widely reported incident involving James Alex Fields, who according to witnesses drove his car into a group of people protesting a rally featuring white supremacists in Charlottesville on August 12. Fields allegedly killed 1 person and injured 19 others. The Department of Justice has opened a civil rights investigation into the incident, presumably pursuing possible hate crime charges. Additionally, Attorney General Jeff Sessions has publicly stated that terrorism investigators are involved in investigating the incident, ostensibly exploring the possibility of characterizing it as an act of domestic terrorism rather than a hate crime."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Bjelopera, Jerome P.
2017-08-14
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 1913: Local Law Enforcement Hate Crimes Prevention Act of 2009
"Assuming appropriation of the necessary amounts, CBO estimates that implementing H.R. 1913 would cost about $10 million over the 2010-2014 period. The legislation could affect direct spending and revenues, but CBO estimates that any such effects would not be significant in any year. H.R. 1913 contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) and would impose no costs on state, local, or tribal governments. The estimated budgetary impact of H.R. 1913 is shown in the following table. The costs of this legislation fall within budget function 750 (administration of justice). CBO assumes that the bill will be enacted near the start of fiscal year 2010. Based on spending for similar activities in recent years, CBO estimates that the bill's authorization for grants to address hate crimes committed by juveniles would cost an additional $5 million in fiscal year 2010-the same amount that the bill would specifically authorize for grants to state and local governments to combat hate crimes in general. We assume that the necessary amounts (a total of $10 million for 2010) will be appropriated by the start of that fiscal year and that spending will follow the historical rates for similar grant programs. Based on trends in federal investigations and prosecutions in recent years, CBO expects that the new hate crimes established by the bill would apply to a small number of cases each year."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2009-04-27
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Hate Crime Data Collection Guidelines
This document outlines how to go about submitting and reporting hate crime. Criteria of hate crime examples, submission guidelines, and instructions and hate crime reporting forms are provided.
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
1999-10
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Hate Crime Statistics 2014
This repository of hate crime statistics from the Federal Bureau of Investigation contains information and data regarding hate crimes in the United States, as of 2014 and including recent developments. The data can be sorted by the following categories: incidents and offenses, victims, offenders, location types, and hate crime by jurisdiction.
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
2014
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Responding to Hate Crimes and Bias-Motivated Incidents on College/University Campuses, Revised September 2003
"Based on our work experience, there is no place where hate crimes are occurring with increasing frequency, more visibility and hostility, than in institutions of higher education. In the course of our casework, we searched the Nation for expertise on the fallout from these incidents, and finding very few resources, decided that it would be beneficial to create a guide for systematic response to these terrible, hateful acts. We created this guide by bringing together a cross-section of representatives from college campus law enforcement, college administrators, students, academicians, and civil rights organizations from all across the Nation. This focus group discussed how different campuses are handling hate crimes on topics including crime investigation, victim assistance, media relations and community healing. These discussions created this guide containing case studies and highlights of some of the best practices regarding this issue. We hope that this guide and CRS will continue to be a helpful resource."
United States. Community Relations Service
2003-09
