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Military Campaign Against Gangs: Internal Security Operations in the United States by Active Duty Forces
"This study examines the historical precedents and the laws that allow federal troops to combat domestic enemies, the current environment that may call for the use of active duty forces, and a model that can be used to deal with domestic disturbances within the United States. There are three Constitutional laws and two unwritten laws that give the President the authority to commit federal forces to quell a domestic disturbance. In addition to these laws, there are two laws that limit the President's use of these federal forces in a domestic situation. Street gangs are analyzed using a methodology developed by Bard E. O'Neill. This methodology shows that street gangs are a form of Preservationist insurgency. After identifying the threat (street gangs), the Internal Defense and Development (IDAD) model is analyzed and used to establish a base for planning a campaign. The conclusion of this study is that street gangs and the associated domestic violence is a threat to the United States, but not an organized military or political threat, that is unified under one individual. It is a state problem that may require federal assistance in the forms of law enforcement, economic aid, social aid and military support. Insurgency, Gangs, Internal defense and development, Domestic use of military forces, Street gangs, IDAD."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Hogg, David R.
2006-11-22
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Early Precursors of Gang Membership: A Study of Seattle Youth
This study "presents Seattle Social Development Project (SSDP) data on youth who join gangs. Identifying early precursors of youth gang membership can facilitate the development of more effective interventions to prevent youth from becoming involved in gangs. Th[e] Bulletin, which is part of OJJDP's [Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention] Youth Gang Series, analyzes SSDP data on the relationship between risk factors present at ages 10 to 12 and the likelihood of joining a gang between ages 13 and 18, and explores implications of this risk factor analysis for the design of prevention strategies. The Bulletin also summarizes SSDP study findings on gender and race/ethnicity of youth who join gangs, age at joining, and duration of membership."
United States. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
Hill, Karl G.; Lui, Christina; Hawkins, J. David
2001-12
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Comparative Study of Violent Extremism and Gangs
From the Purpose: "Programs designed to counter and/or prevent violent extremism have frequently aimed at undercutting economic disadvantages of neighborhoods, group- and individual-level grievances and powerful ideologies that encourage individuals to join or form radical organizations. At the same time a long-established research tradition in criminology has emphasized community-wide programs as an effective way of reducing the attraction of gangs and countering gang-related crime and violence. Despite calls for research on the similarities and differences between terrorism and more ordinary forms of crime, there have been few studies comparing violent extremism and street gangs. The overarching purpose of this study is to provide an empirical assessment of the extent to which there are commonalities between the types of individuals who become involved in violent extremist groups and criminal gangs, as well as the processes by which individuals engage in each type of group. Following this comparison, we assess the extent to which the empirical results comparing violent extremist group members and gangs support the potential for anti-gang programs to be used more generally to bolster the resilience of communities to violent extremism and other forms of crime."
National Criminal Justice Reference Service (U.S.)
LaFree, Gary
2019-08
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Vietnamese Youth Gang Involvement
"The city of Westminster in Orange County, CA, has completed a study funded by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) that examined factors related to gang involvement by Vietnamese American youth. It is one of only a few systematic quantitative studies on this topic. This Fact Sheet summarizes findings from the study's final report, Cultural Explanations for Vietnamese Youth Involvement in Street Gangs. [...] These findings suggest that while services focusing solely on cultural identity issues may have benefits, they will not be effective in preventing or reducing gang involvement by Vietnamese youth. Instead, services should focus on improving youth attitudes about school, reducing feelings of alienation, and modifying perceptions that gangs are beneficial to their members. Furthermore, services will prevent gang involvement if they address family conflict and provide some buffer against the influence of neighborhood gangs."
United States. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
Wyrick, Phelan A.
2000-02
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National Youth Gang Survey: 1999-2001
"In 1996, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention launched a series of annual surveys to facilitate analysis of trends in the nature of youth gangs and their activities. This Summary provides results from the 1999, 2000, and 2001 surveys and, when available, preliminary results from the 2002 survey. An estimated 731,500 gang members and more than 21,500 gangs were active in the United States in 2002. This compares with an estimated 846,000 and 30,800, respectively, in 1996. Reports of youth gang problems by law enforcement agencies in rural and suburban counties and in cities with populations of less than 100,000 noticeably declined over initial survey years. Despite these declines, gangs remain a significant problem, particularly in large cities. Every city with a population of 250,000 or more reported the presence of youth gangs in 2002, as they had in every survey."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2006-07
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2011 National Gang Threat Assessment: Emerging Trends
"The National Gang Intelligence Center (NGIC) prepared the 2011 National Gang Threat Assessment (NGTA ) to examine emerging gang trends and threats posed by criminal gangs to communities throughout the United States. The 2011 NGTA enhances and builds on the gang-related trends and criminal threats identified in the 2009 assessment. It supports US Department of Justice strategic objectives 2.2 (to reduce the threat, incidence, and prevalence of violent crime) and 2.4 (to reduce the threat, trafficking, use, and related violence of illegal drugs). The assessment is based on federal, state, local, and tribal law enforcement and corrections agency intelligence, including information and data provided by the National Drug Intelligence Center (NDIC) and the National Gang Center. Additionally, this assessment is supplemented by information retrieved from open source documents and data collected through April 2011."
National Gang Intelligence Center (U.S.)
2012?
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National Gang Center, Spring 2013, Volume 2
This spring 2013 volume of "National Gang Center" includes the following articles: "Talking to Youth About Gangs"; "Getting Out of Gangs"; "NGC [National Gang Center] Trainer SPOTLIGHT"; "Get to Know NAGIA [National Alliance of Gang Investigators Associations]"; and "Gang Legislation Update".
United States. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
2013
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Central America and Mexico Gang Assessment: Annex 3: Honduras Profile
This document is Annex #3 to the principal USAID "Central America and Mexico Gang Assessment" report and covers the country of Honduras. "The Central American conflicts in the 1980s left deep scars throughout the region, including in Honduras. While not immersed in its own civil war, Honduras played host to the anti-Sandinista Nicaraguan Resistance fighters (Contras). During the 1980s, Honduras was considered a repressive society, and human rights abuses were a common occurrence. The signing of peace accords in the 1990s in neighboring countries signaled a turning point for the region, as economic reform and transitions to democracy became the dominant paradigm for development. […] The current level of youth violence in Honduras is among the worst in Central America. The gang phenomenon is considered by many as one of the biggest problems affecting Honduras. According to police statistics, at the end of 2003, there were 36,000 gang members in Honduras. Gangs established themselves in Tegucigalpa in the 1980s. MS-13 became prominent in Honduras in 1989; 18th Street became prominent in 1993. These two gangs are now well entrenched, particularly in Tegucigalpa and San Pedro Sula, where they are responsible for many crimes. Their real growth was not felt, however, until the 1990s, which coincided with legal and illegal migration to the United States and subsequent deportations back to Honduras. For many, however, immigration to the United States was not a dream come true. Instead of finding economic opportunities, many found gangs."
United States. Agency for International Development
Sibaja, Harold; Roig, Enrique; Rajaraman, Anu
2006-04
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National Gang Center Newsletter [Winter 2013]
This issue of the National Gang Center (NGC) Newsletter contains the following articles: "Civil Gang Injunctions"; "The Gang Member Migration Proposition - Part 2"; "National Evaluation of G.R.E.A.T. [Gang Resistance Education And Training]"; "Gang Offending and Online Behavior"; and "Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs."
National Gang Center (U.S.); United States. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention; United States. Bureau of Justice Assistance
2013
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U.S. Strategy to Combat the Threat of Criminal Gangs from Central America and Mexico
"Certain criminal gangs pose significant public safety and security threats to the countries in which they operate, including the United States. Of particular concern to the United States, they threaten the U.S. regional interest in fostering stable democracies with free and vibrant economies and the domestic interest in protecting U.S. citizens and communities from the ravages of gang violence and associated criminal activities. [...] U.S. and regional experience provides two critical lessons. The first is that reducing gang crime requires a balanced and integrated approach that incorporates effective law enforcement with youth crime prevention and interventions that provide alternatives and opportunities to leave gangs. Schools, community groups, and the private sector have as important a role to play as the policy environment and the justice system. The second lesson is that the approach must be truly regional, with strong bilateral foundations, because success in one jurisdiction may simply transfer the problem to neighboring areas, as gang members move between countries through legal and illegal means. [...] The United States is committed to combating the threat posed by criminal gangs from Central America and Mexico and to working in cooperation with the other countries principally affected by it. Toward that end, the United States will undertake activities in five broad categories: diplomacy, repatriation, law enforcement, capacity enhancement and prevention."
United States. Department of State. Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs
2007-07-18
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Detention and Removal of Gang Members (Fiscal Year 2016 Report to Congress)
"This report was compiled in response to legislative language in Senate Report 114-68, which accompanies the Fiscal Year (FY) 2016 Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Appropriations Act (P.L. 114-113). Senate Report 114-68 states: The Committee remains concerned about increasing gang violence and criminal activity in many parts of our Nation and directs ICE [Immigration and Customs Enforcement] to continually track gang membership amongst fugitives, as well as the detained and non-detained populations. The Committee directs ICE, not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this act, to submit a report to the Committee regarding the detention and removal of gang members. This report should include: (1) a State by State breakdown of the number of gang members detained, removed, or both detained and removed; and (2) the number of gang members detained, removed, or both detained and removed in the 10 largest metropolitan areas in the United States. The Committee will continue directing ICE to produce this report until data systems and procedures are capable of readily providing gang related information and other key attributes of aliens to Congress upon request."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2016-09-30
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Cartels and Gangs in Chicago
"Chicago has a long history of organized crime and is home to numerous street gangs that use the illegal drug trade to build their criminal enterprises. Although the murder rate in Chicago has declined significantly since the 1990s, recent instances of gang-related homicides have placed Chicago's crime situation in the national spotlight. Compounding Chicago's crime problem is a steady supply of drugs from Mexican drug cartels, most notably the Sinaloa Cartel. Illicit drugs flow from Mexico to Chicago via a loosely associated network of profit-driven intermediaries, with Chicago street gangs serving as the primary distributors at the street level. The profits earned through drug trafficking increase the staying power of both street gangs and drug trafficking organizations (DTOs), thereby influencing levels of violent crime in both the United States and Mexico. Of particular concern is the trafficking and distribution of heroin, which has increased significantly in recent years and caused significant harm to communities in Chicago and throughout the United States. This report provides background on the gang-related crime situation in Chicago and offers insight on the nexus between Mexican DTOs and Chicago street gangs."
United States. Drug Enforcement Administration
2017-05
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'Gang of Four' Congressional Intelligence Notifications [January 29, 2010]
"'Gang of Four' intelligence notifications generally are oral briefings of certain particularly sensitive non-covert action intelligence activities, including principally, but not exclusively, intelligence collection programs, that the Intelligence Community typically limits to the chairmen and ranking members of the two congressional intelligence committees, and at times, but not always, to their respective staff directors. […]. This report reviews the history of Gang of Four notification process and compares this procedure with that of the 'Gang of Eight' notification procedure. The 'Gang of Eight' procedure is statutorily based and provides that that the Chairmen and Ranking Members of the intelligence committee, along with the Speaker and minority leader of the House, and Senate majority and minority leaders--rather than the full membership of the intelligence committees--are to receive prior notice of particularly sensitive covert action programs, if the President determines that limited access to such programs is essential to meet extraordinary circumstances affecting vital U.S. interests. Although the FY2010 Intelligence Authorization bills approved by the two congressional intelligence committees address Gang of Eight covert action notifications, neither of the two bills reference Gang of Four notifications. Congress has not acted on the FY2010 Intelligence Authorization bill."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Cumming, Alfred
2010-01-29
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State and Nonstate Associated Gangs: Credible 'Midwives of New Social Orders'
"This monograph introduces a misunderstood aspect of 'wars among the people.' The author addresses the interesting subject of the multifaceted nature and predominant role of gangs operating as state and nonstate proxies in the modern unbalanced global security environment. In every phase of the process of compelling radical political change, agitator-gangs and popular militias play significant roles in helping their political patrons prepare to take control of a targeted political-social entity. As a result, gangs (bandas criminales or whatever they may be called) are important components of a highly complex political-psychological-military act--contemporary irregular asymmetrical political war. In these terms, this monograph is relevant to modern political discussions regarding 'new' socialism, populism and neopopulism, and hegemonic state and nonstate challenges to stronger opponents. More specifically, this monograph examines examples of contemporary populism and neopopulism, 21st century socialism, and a nonstate actor (al-Qaeda) seeking regional and global hegemony. They are: first, paramilitary gang permutations in Colombia that are contributing significantly to the erosion of the Colombian state and its democratic institutions, and implementing the anti-system objectives of their elite neo-populist sponsors; second, Hugo Chavez's use of the New Socialism and popular militias to facilitate his populist Bolivarian dream of creating a mega-state in Latin America; and, third, al-Qaeda's strategic and hegemonic use of political-criminal gangs to coerce substantive change in Spanish and other Western European foreign and defense policy and governance."
Army War College (U.S.). Strategic Studies Institute
Manwaring, Max G.
2009-05
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Addressing Community Gang Problems: A Practical Guide
"This monograph presents a problem-solving model that is applied to gang problems. This model is often referred to as SARA, an acronym for the four steps involved in the process--scanning, analysis, response, and assessment. Communities first initiate the problem-solving process by searching for and identifying gang problems--scanning. The second step of the problem-solving process--analysis--involves investigating the specific gang problem in greater detail. In general, analysis helps a community understand the nature of its gang problem--how it is manifested, who is harmed and how, and when the problems occur. Having identified their gang problems and thoroughly analyzed them, communities can proceed to the third step and develop their local response. The final step of the problem-solving process is an assessment of the effectiveness of the response. It can also be used to change the response, improve the analysis, or even redefine the problem."
United States. Bureau of Justice Assistance
Police Executive Research Forum
1999-08
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Responding to Gangs: Evaluation and Research
"This collection of papers presents a representative selection of NIJ's [National Institute of Justice] portfolio of gang-related research. The genesis was the upsurge in gang crime beginning in the mid-1980s, which prompted NIJ to expand research in this area. NIJ's major focus is to generate research-based knowledge that can inform policy and be useful for practitioners. For that reason, the emphasis in this volume is on evaluations. An evaluation may indicate a program works or doesn't, but in either case the information can be applied by those seeking solutions to similar problems. The evaluation of Boston's initiative to halt youth gang violence offers hope that focused law enforcement deterrence works. The assessment of the G.R.E.A.T. [Gang Resistance Education and Training] program demonstrates that school-based prevention can have favorable results. Police chiefs and local policymakers can use evaluation findings to help develop strategy and deploy resources or move in new directions. Not only were the studies in this volume launched with an eye to practice, but some are themselves the product of researcher-practitioner collaboration. Again, the Boston project is an example, with its partnership of local law enforcement and academics tackling youth homicide. Practitioners and researchers working together in Orange County, California, developed a system for tracking gang crime."
National Institute of Justice (U.S.)
Decker, Scott H.; Reed, Winifred L.
2002-07
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Gangs and Extremist Groups - A Handbook for Commanders, Parents, and Teachers
"The intent of this handbook is to educate concerned commanders, parents, and school teachers on typical gang characteristics and the warning signs indicating a soldier, family member, or student is drifting into gang-like activity. We hope you, the reader, can apply the information in this handbook to help civilian and military professionals discourage the formation of gangs or gang-like groups and deter gang-related incidents through-out USAREUR."
United States. Department of the Army
1997-03-10
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Study of Navy and Marine Corps Prison Inmates Affiliated with Gangs and Extremist Groups: Trends and Issues for Enlistment Screening
"This thesis examines self-identified gang members and extremists incarcerated in Navy and Marine Corps brigs and disciplinary barracks. Information was gathered from interviews conducted with inmates. The interviews focused on several key issues, including reasons for enlisting in the Navy and Marine Corps; truthfulness with recruiters concerning certain illegal activities prior to enlistment, including juvenile arrests and convictions; the nature and severity of crimes for which members were convicted, including links with gangs or extremist groups; and reasons for lack of assimilation and acculturation into military service. This thesis also provides background information on present enlistment screening procedures, current Department of Defense policies concerning gangs and extremist groups, and demographic data on the characteristics of self-admitted gang members who are incarcerated in a Navy brig. Common themes that emerged from the interviews are presented, and selected summaries are included in an appendix. In addition, the study examines enlistment screening procedures for identifying applicants who have gang or extremist group affiliations, and recommends a number of areas for further research."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Tierney, Kathryn E.
1998-03
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S. Hrg. 108-429: Combating Gang Violence in America: Examining Effective Federal, State and Local Law Enforcement Strategies: Hearing before the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundred Eighth Congress, First Session, September 17, 2003
This hearing is on the issue of the problem of gang violence in America. The problem of gang violence is not a new one, nor is it a problem limited only to the urban areas. Once thought to be only a problem of our Nation's largest cities, gangs have invaded smaller communities. Gangs in America are no longer the romanticized, movie-like characters depicted in "West Side Story". In reality, gangs now resemble organized crime syndicates, who readily engage in gun violence, illegal gun trafficking, illegal drug trafficking, and other serious crimes. While we are all committed to fighting the global war on terrorism, we must redouble our efforts to ensure that we devote sufficient resources to combating this important national problem. Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Richard J. Durbin, Dianne Feinstein, Orrin G. Hatch, Patrick J. Leahy, Jeff Sessions, Grant D. Ashley, Christopher J. Christie, Patrick Fitzgerald, Eddie J. Jordan, Wesley D. McBride, Robert P. McCulloch, and Debra W. Yang.
United States. Government Printing Office
2004
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Parents' Guide to Gangs
"Parents play an important role in keeping young people out of gangs. There are many things parents can do to help their children stay away from gangs, including monitoring their activities, fostering close relationships with them, and using positive and consistent discipline. However, parents often lack factual information about gangs. This guide is designed to provide parents with answers to common questions about gangs to enable them to recognize and prevent gang involvement."
National Gang Center (U.S.); United States. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
2015-07
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U.S. Gang Problem Trends and Seriousness, 1996-2009
"This report presents new information on the long-term trend in street gang activity and violent crime in the United States. The major focus of the trend analyses reported here is on the ebb and flow of gang activity in U.S. cities and counties of varying sizes. For the first time, trajectory analysis, which can group cities according to common patterns, is used to examine cities' and other localities' histories of gang problems as a way of gaining insights into gang activity across multiple years. In the second section of this report, attention is turned to large cities' violent gang histories."
United States. Office of Justice Programs; United States. Bureau of Justice Assistance; United States. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
2011-05
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Examining Drug Smuggling and Gang Activity in Indian Country, Hearing Before the Committee on Indian Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, First Session, November 19, 2009
From the openings statement of Byron L. Dorgan: "Recently, we learned that increased marijuana growth by Mexican gangs and drug cartels occur on U.S. park lands. A report noted that the fastest expansion for drug production is on Indian reservations. In 2008, tribal police seized more than 233,000 marijuana plants on Indian reservations in Washington State alone. Mexican gangs, we know, are moving east into Idaho, Wyoming, North Dakota and South Dakota, using reservations to produce and distribute drugs, as well as smuggling guns. And we know that drug trafficking by these non-Indian gangs have enticed a number of Native American youth to join gangs or to form their own gangs." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Maria Cantwell, Nancy Dooley, Matt Haney, Arnold Moorin, Ivan D. Posey, Martina Whelshula, and Thomas Harrigan.
United States. Government Printing Office
2010
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Assessment of the Pine Ridge Oglala Sioux Tribe's Gangs, Youth, Violence & Drugs
"Criminal street gang activity within the cultural context of Native American communities involves a myriad of considerations. Of critical importance is the recognition that all tribal communities may share some similar challenges, but each tribal community is unique. Consideration include the proximity of the tribal community to urban centers, access to local prevention and intervention resources for youth, availability of family support programs, employment opportunities, community denial, access to public safety agencies, relations between local, state and federal judicial systems and cultural differences. Despite their communities' unique aspects, there are many common current trends affecting tribal youth. Criminal street gangs have been slowly impacting tribes. The 2003 Annual Report by the Bureau of Indian Affairs identified 6,250 gang members and 1,576 in 520 gangs in the Aberdeen district. [...] To assist tribal communities in ensuring the health and welfare of their youth, it is important that it be aware of the impact of street gangs. A site-based, comprehensive assessment can provide details and insight regarding the local scope of the problem. An assessment may also provide community stakeholders with the means to develop an overall strategy to impact the problem."
United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Office of Assistant Secretary for Indian Health
National Violence Prevention Resource Center
2006-03
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Central America and Mexico Gang Assessment: Annex 1: El Salvador Profile
This document is Annex #1 to the principal USAID "Central America and Mexico Gang Assessment" report and covers the country of El Salvador. "After the signing of the Peace Accords in 1992, El Salvador has made significant strides in its post-conflict transition to a stable democracy. During the last ten years, however, violence in general has emerged as a potential threat to lasting stability and peace, and gang violence in particular has had serious impacts. In a survey conducted by Instituto Universitario de Opinion Publica (IUDOP), 91 percent of those interviewed stated that maras (gangs) were a big problem. Many academics and political analysts conclude that the problem of gangs is the second most important sociological phenomenon of violence, after the civil war. The high number of homicides-approximately 40 per 100 thousand inhabitants-gives El Salvador the unenviable ranking as one of the most dangerous countries in Latin America. In addition to homicides, there are other violent crimes, including intrafamiliar violence, robbery, extortion, and kidnapping. Central American experts suggest that 40 percent of all homicides that occur today in El Salvador involve a gang member as the victim or the perpetrator. Not surprisingly, both delinquency and citizen security have become predominant concerns for most Salvadorans."
United States. Agency for International Development
Sibaja, Harold; Roig, Enrique; del Castillo, Christina
2006-04
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National Gang Center Newsletter [Fall 2013]
This edition of the "National Gang Center Newsletter" contains the following articles: "Building Credibility in Street Outreach"; "Gang Graffiti Resources"; "G.R.E.A.T. Officer Spotlight"; "Highlights of the 2011 National Youth Gang Survey"; "OJJDP [Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention] Comprehensive Gang Model Training"; and "Changing Course: Preventing Gang Membership".
National Gang Center (U.S.); United States. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention; United States. Bureau of Justice Assistance
2013
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National Gang Center Newsletter [Spring/Summer 2014]
This edition of the "National Gang Center Newsletter" contains the following articles: "Bonds of Compassion -
Homeboy Industries"; "National Gang Center Web Site"; 'Long-Term Consequences of Adolescent Gang Membership for Adult Functioning"; "Life Facing Bars: A Gang Prevention Documentary"; and "OJJDP [Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention]Comprehensive Gang Model Training".
National Gang Center (U.S.); United States. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention; United States. Bureau of Justice Assistance
2014
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National Gang Center Newsletter [Fall 2014]
This edition of the "National Gang Center Newsletter" contains the following articles: "Beyond Gang Suppression: Strengthening Community and Police Partnerships"; "Law Enforcement Strategies to Reduce Gang Problems"; "Gang Investigators Enter the Social Age: Tips to Prepare, Train, and Use Social Media Effectively"; and "Street Gang Intelligence Online Training Course".
National Gang Center (U.S.); United States. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention; United States. Bureau of Justice Assistance
2014
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National Gang Center Newsletter [Fall 2015]
This is the Fall 2015 edition of the National Gang Center Newsletter. This issue contains the following articles: "Diagnosing Your Community's Gang Problem: Avoid the Kitchen Sink Approach"; "Promoting Adolescent Behavioral Adjustment in Violent Neighborhoods: Supportive Families Can Make a Difference!"; "Boys & Girls Clubs Gang Intervention Through Targeted Outreach"; "Spotlight: Boys & Girls Clubs of King County: A Community Collaborates to Prevent Gang Violence"; "In Memory of Glen David Curry"; "Using the Developmental Perspective to Better Serve Youth"; "Project Highlight -- Violence Reduction Network"; and "What's New? Parents' Guide to Gangs Is Now Updated".
National Gang Center (U.S.); United States. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention; United States. Bureau of Justice Assistance
2015
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National Gang Center Newsletter [Fall 2016]
The following document is the fall 2016 newsletter from the National Gang Center which discusses "Improving Understanding of and Responsiveness to Gang-Involved Girls". From the document: "This project had two phases of data collection: individual, qualitative interviews with key stakeholders (including outreach workers and former gang members) and individual interviews with gang-involved girls to collect quantitative and qualitative data. [...] The following summarizes selected key findings from NCCD's interviews with ganginvolved girls. It also includes several recommendations, drawing on the study findings, for service providers and others who want to help gang-involved girls."
National Gang Center (U.S.); United States. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention; United States. Bureau of Justice Assistance
2016
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Highlights of the 2011 National Youth Gang Survey
"This fact sheet provides an over view of the nation's gang problem. In 2011, there were an estimated 29,900 gangs (versus 29,000 in 2010) and 782,500 gang members (versus 756,000 in 2010) throughout 3,300 jurisdictions (down from 3,500 in 2010) with gang problems. The number of reported gang-related homicides decreased from 2,020 in 2010 to 1,824 in 2011."
United States. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
Howell, James C.; Egley, Arlen
2013-09
