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LLIS Practice Note: Intelligence and Information Sharing: The Alabama Fusion Center's Response to 'White Powder' Mailings
"The Alabama Fusion Center (AFC) responded quickly to a December 2008 'white powder' letter mailed to the Alabama governor's office and communicated details of the threat to other state fusion centers. This allowed authorities in those states to respond appropriately to the threat."
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
2009-07-02?
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Fact Sheet: Enhancing the Privacy, Civil Rights, and Civil Liberties Framework for State and Major Urban Area Fusion Centers
"Over the past three years, federal, state, and local officials have worked tirelessly to ensure that robust privacy, civil rights, and civil liberties protections are integrated into fusion center policies and business processes. These efforts have included developing Baseline Capabilities and model privacy policy templates and providing training and subject-matter expertise to fusion centers."
United States. Department of Justice; United States. Department of Homeland Security; United States. Department of Justice. Global Justice Information Sharing Initiative
2010
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Oklahoma Information Fusion Center [website]
"The Oklahoma Information Fusion Center is the focal point for the collection, assessment, analysis and dissemination of terrorism and crime prevention information. Through partnerships with the public, private industry, public safety agencies and law enforcement, the fusion center works to protect Oklahoma."
State of Oklahoma
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Civil Rights/Civil Liberties Impact Assessment: DHS Support to the National Network of Fusion Centers
"In accordance with CRCL's [Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties] statutory obligation to oversee compliance with constitutional, statutory, regulatory, policy, and other requirements relating to the civil rights and civil liberties of individuals affected by the programs and activities of the Department, this Civil Rights/Civil Liberties Impact Assessment examines support to the National Network of Fusion Centers (National Network). DHS's Office of Intelligence and Analysis (I&A) is charged with managing DHS's support to the National Network, under the coordination of the State and Local Program Office (SLPO). Fusion centers are generally sustained by a combination of state and local appropriations and the use of federal grant funds obtained primarily from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). CRCL is conducting this assessment pursuant to Section 511 of the Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act, as a follow-up to an initial assessment of the National Network's concept of operations, which was completed in 2008. […] The Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties and the Department as a whole are committed to protecting civil rights and civil liberties in both policy design and practice, and to enhancing individual liberty when there is no countervailing harm to the Department's homeland security mission."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2013-03-01
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Intelligence Sharing, Fusion Centers, and Homeland Security
"The final report by the bipartisan National Commission on Terrorist Attacks (2004) concluded that the attacks on September 11, 2001 were partly successful because information was not shared properly between agencies. Since that time, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the Department of Defense (DoD) have created a variety of programs and implemented numerous strategies to build a system of information sharing that could detect and prevent large scale physical or cyber terrorist attacks against the critical infrastructures of the United States. The development of 'Fusion Centers' across the nation is proving to be an effective intelligence collection, analysis, and dissemination tool for collaboration and information exchange among the private sector, tribal, local, state, and federal authorities as well as the DoD. U.S. Northern Command, the National Guard and DHS are working to improve collaboration via national level exercises such as Cyber Storm I and II. Although legal and privacy concerns exist in balancing the need for National Security with the protection of Civil Liberties, the rise of fusion centers is an indicator that state and local law enforcement as well as public safety agencies have an important role to play in homeland defense and security."
Air Force Institute of Technology (U.S.)
Newbill, Raymond R. III
2008-06
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2015 National Network of Fusion Centers: Final Report
"This 2015 National Network of Fusion Centers Final Report (2015 Final Report) provides the results of the 2015 Assessment for the period from August 1, 2014 to September 30, 2015. It summarizes the FCPP findings on the ii / 2015 National Network of Fusion Centers Final Report capabilities and performance of the National Network and recaps its progress since 2011, setting the stage for transition to a performance-focused assessment."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2016-04
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DHS Secretary Napolitano, Missouri Governor Nixon Address Annual National Fusion Center Conference [March 11, 2009]
From the remarks of of DHS Secretary Napolitano: "At the Department of Homeland Security, information and intelligence sharing is a top priority and fusion centers play an important role in helping to make that happen. In the world we live in today, it's critical for federal, state, local and tribal entities to know what the others are doing so each can operate effectively and efficiently."
From the remarks of Governor Nixon: "Protecting our country requires a partnership of federal, state and local resources that are fully integrated to not only gather and analyze information, but then to swiftly share that information with appropriate agencies. Fusion centers represent the honing of these protective efforts, while strongly protecting individual rights and civil liberties. They are a vital part of keeping our nation strong, safe and free."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2009-03-11
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Department of Homeland Security: Interaction with State and Local Fusion Centers: Concept of Operations
"The purpose of this State and Local Fusion Center Concept of Operations (CONOPS) is to establish a framework for a comprehensive, coordinated and consistent approach for outreach by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to State and Local Fusion Centers (SLFCs). This CONOPS outlines DHS processes relating to SLFC support including intelligence and operational information flows and interactions, deployment of officers, component integration, and identification of SLFC requirements, technical assistance and training. DHS will also ensure outreach, communication, and integration with other multidisciplinary partners (i.e., fire service, public health, and emergency management), to further ensure and facilitate information sharing between SLFCs and these disciplines. This CONOPS will be periodically reviewed and modified as additional processes are implemented and refinements identified."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2008-12
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National Network of Fusion Centers: Perception and Reality
From the Abstract: "The National Network of Fusion Centers (the Network) is one of many organizational efforts the nation has undergone to help bolster its counterterrorism prevention and response efforts. Since its creation in the years following the 9/11 attacks, the Network has garnered both accolades and criticisms, resulting in an uneven opinion about fusion center functions and performance. The diverse opinions that are held of the Network appear at times to be based on perceptions incongruent with some of the realities of current Network operations and which lead to an undervaluation of its contributions. This research examined the points of opposition between supporters and critics of the Network and identified strategies employed by the Network to mitigate areas of concern, in order to define the relationship or gap between actual performance and the perception of performance of the Network held by external (to the Network) parties. This research employed a modified version of the multi-goal policy analysis method as a guide for the conduct of analysis. This study recommends a recalibration of these perceptions."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Klem, Nicholas
2014-12
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Viewpoints in Homeland Defense and Security: Thesis Series: Tell Me What I Need to Know: What Mayors and Governors Want from Their Fusion Center [video]
From the Webpage: "Mayors and governors who represent high threat, high-density urban areas need strategic, decision-making advantages and, as such, should be significant users of intelligence products developed by state and local fusion centers. These chief executives desire to understand the operating environment for their jurisdictions where daily risks and threats emerge from the complexities of an integrated world. In this Viewpoints interview, recent CHDS [Center for Homeland Defense and Security] graduate Yi-Ru Chen discusses her thesis which examines the numerous advantages in engaging these top-level officials in this discourse." The duration of this video is 7 minutes, 55 seconds. The complete thesis can be accessed at the following web address: [https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did=33136]
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Chen, Yi-Ru
2009-12-07
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Tennessee Fusion Center: Critical Infrastructure Protection Efforts
This document highlights the Tennessee Fusion Center's critical infrastructure protection efforts, including the center's suspicious activity reporting efforts and the Critical Infrastructure Key Resources Analytical Collaboration Group.
Fusion Process Technical Assistance Program
2009-03-27?
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Review of the Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Forces Fusion Center
"This review examined the operations of the Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Forces (OCDETF) Fusion Center (OFC) and assessed its process for sharing its analytical products. The OFC is a multi-agency intelligence center that produces intelligence products in response to requests from federal investigators (requesters). The Drug Enforcement Administration's (DEA) Special Operations Division (SOD) supports the OFC in developing these products. […] Although we found that OFC products may provide information that is valued by the investigators and prosecutors who use them, the OIG [Office of the Inspector General] review identified deficiencies in the OFC's operations that could limit its contribution to the OCDETF Program's effectiveness."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of the Inspector General
2014-03
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 2169, Improving Fusion Centers' Access to Information Act
This is the Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the House Committee on Homeland Security on May 3, 2017. From the Document: "H.R. 2169 would modify current laws relating to fusion centers, which are supported by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS); those centers facilitate information sharing among federal, state, and local authorities. The bill's provisions would aim to improve and expand communication. Because the department is currently carrying out activities similar to those required by the bill, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing H.R. 2169 would not have a significant effect on spending by DHS. Enacting the legislation would not affect direct spending or revenues; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures do not apply. CBO estimates that enacting H.R. 2169 would not increase net direct spending or on-budget deficits in any of the four consecutive 10-year periods beginning in 2028."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2017-05-12
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Prototyping Fusion Center Information Sharing: Implementing Policy Reasoning Over Cross-Jurisdictional Data Transactions Occurring in a Decentralized Environment
"In 2004, the White House and then Congress determined there should be an 'Information Sharing Environment' that facilitates the flow of critical information for counterterrorism, related law enforcement, and disaster management activities. That work has been progressing but a major challenge is how to create technologies that: ensure compliance with laws and policies of the federal government, fifty states, and individual agencies; convey appropriate data that would support access control and privilege decisions in different jurisdictions; and achieve accountability and transparency for this activity. We have built a prototype of Fusion Center information sharing that shows significant progress in the representation of law in a policy language, the reasoning of that law over data transactions occurring in a web environment (internet or intranet), acquiring necessary information from authoritative sources wherever they reside in the decentralized environment, and providing both a binary response suitable for automated work flow implementation and a detailed justification suitable for human validation of the conclusion. In this paper, we briefly describe the technologies employed for serializing the data and policy, reasoning over the rules contained in the policy, and displaying the results to users. These combine to provide a powerful tool supporting a range of necessary governmental functions including access control, privilege management, audit, periodic reporting, and risk modeling."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Waterman, Krasnow K.; Wang, Samuel
2011-03
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Fusion Center Processes: Establishing a Committee to Define Information Flow
Fusion centers should consider establishing a committee to define the process flow of information during an incident and to outline end-user requirements for receipt and management of that information.
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
2008-08-29?
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Serial No. 109-99: State and Local Fusion Centers and the Role of DHS: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Emergency Preparedness, Science, and Technology of the Committee on Homeland Security, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Ninth Congress, Second Session, September 7, 2006
From the opening statement of Rob Simmons. "By unanimous consent, I request that this hearing of the subcommittee on Homeland Security Subcommittee on Intelligence Sharing and Terrorism Risk Assessment will come to order. Are there any objections? Hearing none, the subcommittee meets today to hear testimony on the Department's progress in implementing one of the most fundamental aspects of the Homeland Security Act of 2002, specifically, how DHS intends to support State and local information sharing efforts. I will request that the reminder of my opening statement be placed in the record as if read, and I will simply share again with Mr. Allen my view that the success of fusion centers in many respects will be the benchmark of our success in securing the homeland, that this is one of the most innovative and critical developments that we have, and that we must succeed in this initiative if Federal, State, local and tribal entities are to be successful in sharing information to protecting people in a variety of different locations throughout the Nation. I note, Mr. Allen, that you agree with that. I hear some of the others nodding in agreement. So at this point I will ask our first witness, Mr. Charles Allen, to begin with his testimony." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Rob Simmons, Charles E. Allen, Kenneth Bouche, Amy Whitmore, and Richard L. Canas.
United States. Government Printing Office
2007
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DHS Strengthens Intel Sharing at State and Local Fusion Centers [July 27, 2006]
In this press release, the Department of Homeland Security announces that analysts from the Office of Intelligence and Analysis will work along side state and local authorities at Fusion Centers in New York City, Los Angeles, Reisterstown, Md., and Baton Rouge, La. These analysts will help to facilitate the two-way flow of timely, accurate, actionable information on all types of hazards.
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Press Office
2006-07-27
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LLIS Good Story: The Indiana Department of Correction and the Indiana Intelligence Fusion Center Partnership
"The Indiana Department of Correction (IDOC) and the Indiana Intelligence Fusion Center (IIFC) partnered to facilitate information exchange and collaboration. The partnership has established the Law Enforcement Notification System (LENS), the Fugitive Apprehension Unit, and the Gang Intelligence Initiative. [...] The IDOC oversees the operations of 32 correctional facilities that house 27,000 inmates across Indiana's 10 parole districts. Recent increases in inmate radicalization, gang violence, and repeat offenders across the state prompted IDOC officials to reevaluate and prioritize their information requirements. IDOC officials wanted to be able to better recognize and respond to these threats by having access to federal, state, and local threat assessments, intelligence products, and information databases. Additionally, while the IDOC releases approximately 16,500 inmates each year, the department had no mechanism for notifying law enforcement officers in a particular jurisdiction of an imminent inmate release. The IDOC also lacked resources to investigate outstanding cases of inmates who violated their paroles or absconded from prison."
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
2009-06-12?
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Information Sharing and Dissemination: Using Shared, Centralized E-mail Accounts at Fusion Centers
From Summary: "Fusion Centers and entities with similar responsibilities should use a single, centralized e-mail account to receive and process information. Information received through centralized e-mail accounts can be monitored more frequently and allows for other users to see if information has been disseminated or if other action has been taken regarding the information."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency. National Exercise Division. Terrorism Prevention Exercise Program
2010-08-10?
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Washington State Fusion Center and the Pacific Northwest Economic Region: Building a Critical Infrastructure/Key Resource Information Sharing Capability
"During the past year, PNWER [Pacific NorthWest Economic Region] and WSFC [Washington State Fusion Center] staff polled hundreds of public and private sector regional stakeholder organizations through the use of surveys and stakeholder meetings to develop requirements for the CIKR [Critical Infrastructure/Key Resource] component of the WSFC. Initial work on the pilot project began with a kick-off meeting on June 19, 2008, with interested regional stakeholders attending. At this meeting the participants learned how the WSFC operates and is organized so they could offer input regarding how to best serve the broader stakeholder community. Work Group members subsequently convened via conference calls on July 19, August 5, and August 18. A broader stakeholder meeting was then held on September 5, 2008 to determine Pilot Project requirements."
United States. Department of Homeland Security; United States. Department of Justice; United States. Department of Justice. Global Justice Information Sharing Initiative . . .
2009-05
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"Fusion Centers: A Progress Report," Statement of Matthew Bettenhausen, Subcommittee on State, Local, and Private Sector Preparedness and Integration, Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee, U.S. Senate, April 17, 2008
This document includes testimonies of various officials regarding the progress of intelligence fusion centers around the United States.
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2008-04-17
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H. Rept. 115-603: Enhancing DHS' Fusion Center Technical Assistance Program Act, Report to Accompany H.R. 5099, March 19, 2018
"The Committee on Homeland Security, to whom was referred the bill (H.R. 5099) to amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to establish in the Department of Homeland Security a fusion center technical assistance program, having considered the same, report favorably thereon without amendment and recommend that the bill do pass."
United States. Government Publishing Office
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LLIS Practice Note: Information and Intelligence Sharing: The South Florida Virtual Fusion Center's Assistance during the H1N1 Influenza Outbreak
"The Palm Beach County, Florida, Sheriff's Office (PBSO) initiated the development of the South Florida Virtual Fusion Center (SFVFC) to serve as a collaborative workspace for law enforcement, public health, fire, and emergency response personnel. The SFVFC has provided up-to-date national and local threat information throughout the 2009 H1N1 influenza outbreak."
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
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LLIS Practice Note: Information and Intelligence Sharing: The Indiana Intelligence Fusion Center's District One Law Enforcement Seminar
"The Indiana Intelligence Fusion Center's (IIFC) District One coordinator hosted a seminar to inform state and local law enforcement personnel of burglaries targeting areas of Northwest Indiana and Chicago, Illinois. The seminar outlined the nature of the threat and provided information to officers on how to recognize and combat the threat in their own jurisdictions."
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
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Fusion Center Privacy Policy Development: Privacy, Civil Rights, and Civil Liberties Policy Template
"An intelligence fusion center is an effective and efficient mechanism to exchange information and intelligence, maximize resources, streamline operations, and improve the ability to fight crime and terrorism by analyzing data from a variety of sources. Today's increased security needs not only dictate enhanced information sharing but also highlight the need to balance the sharing of information with the rights of citizens. Ethical and legal obligations compel personnel, authorized users, and participating entities to protect constitutional rights, including privacy and other civil liberties, and civil rights throughout the information sharing process. To accomplish this, appropriate privacy and civil liberties protection policies must be in place."
United States. Department of Justice; United States. Department of Homeland Security
2010-04
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Intelligence and Information Sharing: The Indiana Intelligence Fusion Center's Campus/University Liaison Officer
"The Indiana Intelligence Fusion Center (IIFC) partnered with the Indiana Campus Law Enforcement Administrators to develop the campus/university liaison officer position at the IIFC. This individual serves as a point-of-contact at the IIFC for Indiana, college and university law enforcement personnel."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS); United States. Department of Homeland Security
Johnson, Doug
2008-11-03
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Department of Homeland Security and Fusion Centers, an Unfused Network
From the thesis abstract: "This essay identifies current issues with the Department of Homeland Security's (DHS) implementation methodologies for the national network of State Fusion Centers (SFCs). It begins with a discussion governing the question if we are safer as a nation due to the establishment of network of SFCs and provides a brief history of the development of DHS and SFCs. The paper then addresses four impediments that require strategic reevaluation and resolution prior to proceeding forward. They are the lack of federal forcing functions for improvement, DHS internal policies and politics, cultural challenges between federal and state authorities, and funding and sustainment issues. The essay then proposes several recommendations to enhance the capabilities of DHS and SFCs using the Doctrine, Organization, Training, Material, Leadership and Education, Personnel, Facilities (DOTLMPF) methodology and concludes with a risk if not addressed."
Army War College (U.S.)
Mitchiner, Christopher C.
2013-03
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Cybersecurity: Utilizing Fusion Centers to Protect State, Local, Tribal, and Territorial Entities Against Cyber Threats
From the Abstract: "Many areas of the cyber domain of American citizens are under attack: critical infrastructure, electrical grids, banks, businesses, government, and personally identifiable information (identity theft, medical records, child exploitation, etc.). Although the focus of recent cybersecurity legislation has provided additional authorities to federal agencies, a key concern for state, local, tribal and territorial (SLTT) government entities is this: What is the best way to protect computer networks at the state and local level? State and local governments have the responsibility to protect dams, freeway systems, power and water plants, emergency communications, personal identifiable information, health care records, educational institutions, and banking systems. The array of responsibilities and the cybersecurity threat landscape make state- and local-level computer networks fertile ground for the cyber adversary. This research focuses on the threat to SLTT computer networks and how to leverage information-sharing initiatives, cybersecurity policies and state and local fusion centers to prevent, mitigate, and deter cyber threats targeted at SLTT computer networks."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Flynn, Payton A., Sr.
2016-09
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Fusion Centers [website]
From the Webpage: "Fusion centers operate as state and major urban area focal points for the receipt, analysis, gathering, and sharing of threat-related information between federal; state, local, tribal, territorial (SLTT); and private sector partners."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
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Department of Homeland Security Fusion Center Engagement and Information Sharing Strategy for 2022-2026
From the Document: "This document outlines a multi-year commitment to supporting our law enforcement and homeland security partners in states and cities nationwide, and describes how DHS enables information sharing vital to fusion centers' missions and our national security. Threats may take the form of international terrorism, transnational organized crime, domestic violent extremism, cyber intrusions, and many other dangers to Americans. All such threats to our homeland will be answered with the most informed responses by DHS and our partners. Under Secretary Mayorkas's leadership, the Department is committed to supporting our partners across every level of government, including by sharing timely and actionable information and intelligence. In line with this commitment, this strategy will help ensure the Homeland Security Enterprise is equipped with the tools to keep our communities safe and resilient."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2022-06-14?
