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Serial No. 115-73: Examining the Current Data Security and Breach Notification Regulatory Regime, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Financial Institutions and Consumer Credit of the Committee on Financial Services, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, Second Session, February 14, 2018
This is the February 14, 2018 hearing titled "Examining the Current Data Security and Breach Notification Regulatory Regime," held before the House Subcommittee on Financial Institutions and Consumer Credit of the Committee on Financial Services. From the opening statement of Blaine Luetkemeyer: "Every year, the number and severity of data breaches seems to increase and more and more Americans seem to become victims of fraud and identity theft. Consumers are left not only facing financial harm, but also the daunting task of restoring the integrity of their personal information. With constant technological advancements come more sophisticated threats to data security. Some of the largest financial institutions in the United States deal with hundreds if not thousands of cyber threats on a daily basis. [...] As we consider reform of the current regulatory regime surrounding data security standards and notification requirements, we should bear in mind that in many instances it is both the entity and the consumer that has been the victim of the crime." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Aaron Cooper, Paul Rosenzweig, Marc Rotenberg, Kim Sponem, and Nathan D. Taylor.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2018
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Security and Defense Studies Review: Volume 15
This issue of the National Defense University's William Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies' Security and Defense Studies Review contains the following articles: "Toward an Integral Counter-Organized Crime Strategy in Mexico: Complexities, Asymmetries, and Approaches to an International Security Matter" by José Medina González Dávila; "Symbolic Politics and Democratic Consolidation in Mexico" by Dwight Wilson; "Latin America's Foreign Policy as the Region Engages China" by R. Evan Ellis; "The Challenge of Cybersecurity for the Caribbean: What Are the Policy Options?" by Kevin Newmeyer; (Spanish), "Colaboración para la Lucha Contra Redes Ilícitas a través de Esfuerzos Interdepartamentales e Internacionales" by Celina B. Realuyo; (Portugese), "Análise Exploratória da Securitizacão Militar do Ciberespaço nos EUA, Brasil e Canada" by Gills Lopes, and "The Most Important Cases of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights" by Richard J. Wilson and Pat Paterson. The issue publishes the following Book Review: (Spanish) "Organización de la Defensa y Control Civil de las Fuerzas Armadas en América Latina" edited by David Pion-Berlin and José Manuel Ugarte.
William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies
2014
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Strategic Challenges Facing Our Nation - U.S. Coast Guard Perspective
Challenges included in "Strategic Challenges Facing Our Nation - U.S. Coast Guard Perspective" include: Combating Transnational Organized Crime in our Hemisphere; Preserving Sovereignty and Expanding Access and Presence in the Polar Regions; Protecting Critical Infrastructure from all-domain Threats, Including Cyber; Facilitating Maritime Commerce; and Building the 21st Century Coast Guard.
United States. Coast Guard
2016-12-02
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Assessing the Collective Security Treaty Organization: Capabilities and Vulnerabilities
"The Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) has been one of the Russian Federation's more visible forays down the path of regional hegemony. Under the leadership of President Vladimir Putin, Moscow has been promoting a series of increasingly ambitious Russian-led multilateral institutions. The CSTO has helped restore Moscow's military power in Central Asia and the South Caucasus. Although originally designed for mutual defense, CSTO members employ the organization to counter transnational threats such as cyber vulnerabilities, narcotics trafficking, transnational crime, and terrorism. Member countries further collaborate on arms sales and manufacturing, military facilities and training, regional security consultations, and conducting joint military exercises. In addition, the development of some permanent bodies in recent years demonstrates increased integration among CSTO members. Moscow uses the CSTO to pursue a variety of goals such as power projection, legitimation of its policies, and constraints on member states. Although Russia dominates the CSTO, the organization is weak. Its member governments continue to disagree on important issues and have failed to act in Ukraine or Syria. The weakness of the CSTO has hindered Russia's ability to pursue its goals through the organization and provides an opening for skilled U.S. leadership."
Army War College (U.S.). Strategic Studies Institute
Weitz, Richard
2018-10
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2018 Internet Crime Report
"The FBI is the lead federal agency for investigating cyber-attacks by criminals, overseas adversaries, and terrorists, and the FBI's IC3 [Internet Complaint Center] provides the public with a trustworthy and convenient reporting mechanism to submit information concerning suspected Internetfacilitated criminal activity. The 2018 Internet Crime Report emphasizes the IC3's efforts in monitoring trending scams such as Business Email Compromise (BEC), Extortion, Tech Support Fraud, and Payroll Diversion. In 2018, IC3 received a total of 351,936 complaints with losses exceeding $2.7 Billion"
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation; Internet Crime Complaint Center (U.S.)
2018
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Future Evolution of Transnational Criminal Organizations and the Threat to U.S. National Security
From the Overview: "In the 21st-century global security environment, we are facing a complex set of threats to U.S. national security emanating from state and non-state actors. These threats endanger the key responsibilities of the nation-state to its citizens: to guarantee their security and the nation's territory, promote economic prosperity, safeguard society, and ensure that the government represents their will. […] The tragic September 11, 2001, attacks perpetrated by al Qaeda are just one such example of threats from non-state actors. Besides terror groups, transnational criminal organizations (TCOs) are among the non-state actors that leverage their illicit activities, immense resources, and use of violence to undermine the security and prosperity of the United States and partner nations. The United States recognizes TCOs as a national security threat and has deployed a national security strategy to combat it. In order to attack these networks, the United States must understand and deny access to critical enablers needed by TCOs to operate. The future trajectory of transnational criminal organizations is disconcerting, as they will seek to penetrate new markets with goods and services and establish more spheres of influence using corruption and violence. The cyber domain will afford them a new operating environment to further expand their criminal activities. Some TCOs will continue to resemble multinational corporations focused on maximizing profits, while others will hijack political power in the form of criminalized states. Another dangerous and disturbing evolution that we are already witnessing is the convergence of terrorism and crime where groups use criminal proceeds to fund terrorist activities. To combat the evolution of these threats, the Joint Force will need to develop more innovative kinetic and non-kinetic measures and build its own networks to neutralize transnational criminal networks."
William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies
Realuyo, Celina B.
2015-06
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Annotated Worldwide Threat Assessment 2014
This is an interactive replication of the "Worldwide Threat Assessment of the U.S. Intelligence Community" (the threat assessment document in its entirety is available at: https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did=749413). This annotated version provides in-depth summaries into each chapter of the threat assessment. These chapters include: Cyber, Counterintelligence, Terrorism, Weapons of Mass Destruction, Counterspace, Transnational Organized Crime, Economic Trends, Natural Resources, Health Risks, and Mass Atrocities. From the document's coverpage: "The Worldwide Threat Assessment has been presented to Congress annually by the Director of National Intelligence; and before that office was created, it was presented by the CIA Director in his position as the Director of Central Intelligence. This annual threat assessment testimony, published as text, is one of the most informative top-level products of the U.S. Intelligence Community that is publicly available. For the 2014 assessment, the Center for Homeland Defense and Security at the Naval Postgraduate School has produced and provided a multi-media enhanced, annotated version of the text document."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
2014
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HERO Pilot (Fiscal Year 2018 Report to Congress)
From the Executive Summary: "The Human Exploitation Rescue Operative (HERO) Child Rescue Corps recruits and trains wounded, ill, or injured active-duty service members; transitioning active-duty service members; and military veterans to support law enforcement in the areas of child-exploitation investigations, child-victim identification, traveling child-sex-offender investigations, and computer forensics. The yearlong unpaid internship is managed by ICE Homeland Security Investigations' (HSI) Cyber Crimes Center (C3), the National Organization to Protect Children, and the U.S. Department of Defense's Special Operations Command. The HERO Child Rescue Corps honors the Nation's commitment to its veterans, and enables those veterans to contribute to HSI's mission. The primary goal of the HERO Program is to recruit, train, and hire veterans, and to retain them as General Schedule (GS)-1801 Computer Forensic Analysts (CFA). [...] The FY 2018 DHS Appropriations Act (P.L. 115-141) designated $2 million to train and hire 10 CFAs. In FY 2018, HSI's C3 Computer Forensics Unit hired 25 CFAs who had been trained in last year's HERO Program. An additional 17 HEROs completed their classroom training and are currently in the field training portion of their internships. They will complete the training program and be eligible for employment in March 2019."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2018-10-23
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FY2009 Appropriations for State and Local Homeland Security [Updated October 10, 2008]
"This report is an overview of the FY2009 appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) programs for states and localities that are designed to provide assistance to state and local governments." "Congress appropriated, in P.L. 110-329, approximately $4.36 billion for state and local homeland security assistance programs. This is approximately $135 million more than was appropriated in FY2008 ($4.22 billion). Congress chose not to fund the Real ID program in FY2009, however, it did appropriate funding ($2 million) for a new assistance program titled the Center for Counterterrorism and Cyber Crime at Norwich University in Northfield, Vermont. This report will not be updated."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Reese, Shawn
2008-10-10
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Electronic Communications Privacy Act: Promoting Security and Protecting Privacy in the Digital Age, Hearing Before the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, Second Session, September 22, 2010
From the opening statement of Patrick J. Leahy: "For many years, ECPA [Electronic Communications Privacy Act] has provided vital tools to law enforcement to investigate crime and to keep us safe, while at the same time protecting individual privacy online. As the country continues to grapple with the urgent need to develop a comprehensive national cybersecurity strategy, determining how best to bring this privacy law into the Digital Age is going to be one of our biggest challenges, especially here in Congress." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Patrick J. Leahy, Benjamin L. Cardin, Russell D. Feingold, Al Franken, James A. Baker, James X. Dempsey, Jamil N. Jaffer, Cameron F. Kerry, Brad Smith, Laura W. Murphy, Nicole A Ozer, Matt Blaze, J. Beckwith Burr, Ryan Radia, Berin Szoka, Thomas A. Schatz, Kelly William Cobb, J. Bradley Jansen, Frederick W. Freeman, and David Schellhase.
United States. Government Printing Office
2011
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Economic Espionage and Trade Secret Theft: Are Our Laws Adequate for Today's Threats? Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Crime and Terrorism of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, Second Session, May 13, 2014
This is the May 13, 2014 hearing on "Economic Espionage and Trade Secret Theft: Are Our Laws Adequate for Today's Threats?," held before the Subcommittee on Crime and Terrorism of the Committee on the Judiciary. From the opening statement of Sheldon Whitehouse: "We are having a hearing today that is entitled ''Economic Espionage and Trade Secret Theft: Are Our Laws Adequate for Today's Threats?'' Today the Subcommittee is going to explore how we can better protect American businesses from those who try to steal their valuable intellectual property. American companies are renowned as being the most innovative in the world. Companies of every size and in every industry, from manufacturing to software to biotechnology to aerospace, own large portfolios of legally protected trade secrets they have developed and innovated. In some cases, the ''secret sauce'' may be a company's most valuable asset. The theft of these secrets can lead to devastating consequences. For small businesses it can be a matter of life and death. The risk of trade secret theft has been around as long as there have been secrets to protect. There is a reason why Coca-Cola has kept its formula locked away in a vault for decades. But in recent years, the methods used to steal trade secrets have become more sophisticated. Companies now must confront the reality that they are being attacked on a daily basis by cyber criminals who are determined to steal their intellectual property." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Randall C. Coleman, Drew Greenblastt, Peter L. Hoffman, Douglas K. Norman, and Pamela Passman.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2016
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Schemes and Subversion: How Bad Actors and Foreign Governments Undermine and Evade Sanctions Regimes, Virtual Hearing Before the Subcommittee on National Security, International Development and Monetary Policy of the Committee on Financial Services, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventeenth Congress, First Session, June 16, 2021
This is the June 16, 2021 hearing on "Schemes and Subversion: How Bad Actors and Foreign Governments Undermine and Evade Sanctions Regimes," held before the U.S. House Subcommittee on National Security, International Development and Monetary Policy of the Committee on Financial Services. From the Opening Statement of Jim A. Himes: "Our sanctions programs can only be as impactful as they are effective. When designated entities evade our sanctions, we lose an important tool from our diplomatic toolbox increasing the likelihood that military action would be necessary to maintain international order. Our hearing today will focus on those methods of sanctions evasion ranging from physically changing the name painted on the back of a ship, the stern of a ship, to the use of shell companies to cyber-enable crime like the ransomware attacks that have been so prevalent in the news recently." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Ivan A. Garces, Lakshmi Kumar, Eric B. Lorber, Jesse Spiro, and Jeffrey W. Taliaferro.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2021
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S. Hrg. 106-486: Cyber Attack: Is the Government Safe? Hearing before the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, Second Session, March 2, 2000
From the opening statement of Fred Thompson: "The Committee on Governmental Affairs is holding this hearing on the ability of the Federal Government to protect against and respond to potential cyber attacks. This Committee spent considerable time during the last Congress examining the state of Federal Government information systems. Numerous Governmental Affairs Committee hearings and General Accounting Office reports uncovered and identified systemic failures of government information systems, which highlighted our Nation's vulnerability to computer attacks from international and domestic terrorists, to crime rings, to everyday hackers. S. 1993 begins where the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 and the Clinger-Cohen Act of 1996 left off. These laws and the Computer Security Act of 1987 provide the basic framework for managing information security. The proponents of this bill recognize that these are not the only things that need to be done. Some have suggested we provide specific standards in the legislation. Others have recommended we establish a new position of a national chief information officer or even a national security czar. These things should be considered and these issues and more will be brought up during our hearing today." Statements, letters, and material submitted for the record include those of the following: Fred Thompson, Joseph I. Lieberman, Daniel K. Akaka, Susan M. Collins, John Edwards, James Adams, Jack L. Brock, Jr., Roberta L. Gross, Kevin Mitnick, Kenneth Watson, and a copy of S. 1993.
United States. Government Printing Office
2000
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Russian Interference in the 2016 United States Election, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Crime and Terrorism of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, First Session, May 8, 2017
This testimony compilation is from the May 8, 2017 hearing on "Russian Interference in the 2016 United States Election" before the Subcommittee on Crime and Terrorism of the Senate Committee on the Judiciary. The purpose of this hearing was to discuss "three key tactics - cyber espionage, propaganda, and the exploitation of personal or business relationships" that were employed by Russia to attempt to influence the 2016 election. Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Sally Q. Yates and James R. Clapper.
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary
2017-05-08
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Legislative Proposals to Reform the Current Data Security and Breach Notification Regulatory Regime, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Financial Institutions and Consumer Credit of the Committee on Financial Services, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, Second Session, March 7, 2018
This is the March 7, 2018 hearing on "Legislative Proposals to Reform the Current Data Security and Breach Notification Regulatory Regime," held before the U.S. House of Representatives Subcommittee on Financial Institutions and Consumer Credit of the Committee on Financial Services. From the opening statement of Blaine Luetkemeyer: "Forty-eight States, the District of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands have all enacted differing laws requiring private companies to notify individuals of breaches of personal information. For each State with robust safeguards or requirements in place, there is another with protections that are simply insufficient, creating a labyrinth that causes compliance nightmares while leaving uncertainty or certainty as needed the most, consumer notification. [...] First and foremost, our legislation would create a national security standard for entities that access, maintain, store, or handle personal information, while providing flexibility based on an individual company's size, complexity, and sensitivity of the information it maintains. With a responsible Federal standard in place, companies will no longer have to spend valuable time tracking a maze of regulations. That time can be better spent actually securing the personal information of their customers and innovating to fight against cyber crime. The draft legislation also includes robust law enforcement and consumer notification regimes. A covered entity has the responsibility to conduct an immediate investigation and take responsible measures to restore the compromised system." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Sara Cable, Francis Creighton, Jason Kratovil, and John S. Miller."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2018
