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Defeating Mexico's Drug Trafficking Organizations: The Range of Military Operations in Mexico
From the thesis abstract: "Drug Trafficking Organizations within Mexico have become a challenge to the state and are affecting both Mexican and U.S. citizens within the U.S. and Mexico border region. As the situation continues to spiral out of control, the U.S. military, with approval of the Mexican government, may need to conduct operations within Northern Mexico to defeat drug trafficking organizations and stabilize the region. As the full range of military operations have been conducted within Afghanistan, this study explores those military operations and their applicability to defeating drug trafficking organizations within Northern Mexico. Through operational design, the primary conclusion drawn is that there is no single military operation that should be conducted. Rather, the U.S. military operations that can be employed to defeat drug trafficking organizations and stabilize Northern Mexico are a combination of security cooperation, limited contingency operations, and major operations."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Wade, Mark J.
2012-06-08
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Information Technology Management Letter for the FY 2011 U.S. Customs and Border Protection Financial Statement Audit
"We have audited the consolidated balance sheets of the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), a component of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS), and related consolidated statements of net cost, changes in net position, and custodial activity, and the combined statements of budgetary resources (hereinafter, referred to as 'consolidated financial statements') as of September 30, 2011 and 2010. In connection with our audit of CBP's consolidated financial statements, we performed an evaluation of general information technology controls (GITCs), to assist in planning and performing our audit. The 'Federal Information System Controls Audit Manual' (FISCAM), issued by the Government Accountability Office (GAO), formed the basis of our GITC evaluation procedures. The scope of the GITC evaluation is further described in Appendix A. FISCAM was designed to inform financial auditors about information technology (IT) controls and related audit concerns to assist them in planning their audit work and to integrate the work of auditors with other aspects of the financial audit."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of Inspector General
2012-05
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Power of Siberia: A Natural Gas Pipeline Brings Russia and China Closer [April 21, 2020]
From the Overview: "The 'Power of Siberia,' the first natural gas pipeline to bring Russian gas into China, began operations in December 2019. The pipeline's initial capacity, 5 billion cubic meters (BCM), would meet 1.3% of China's 2018 natural gas consumption. As the pipeline reaches its full capacity of 38 BCM by 2025, natural gas likely will be able to displace coal in China's northwest region in the long term. The Power of Siberia pipeline runs just over 1,400 miles from Russia's Chayanda natural gas field and connects to China along the border of Heilongjiang province; the pipeline will eventually extend from the Kovykta field (another 400 miles) in Siberia. [...] Congress may consider how this long-term energy arrangement between Russia and China may affect U.S. foreign policy and security."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Ratner, Michael; Greenley, Heather L.
2020-04-21
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COVID-19 and the Liberal International Order: Exposing Instabilities and Weaknesses in an Open International System
From the Document: "The Covid-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic is threatening the liberal international order in three ways. First, the open nature of the LIO [liberal international order] provides favourable conditions for the proliferation of infectious diseases. With the spread of the disease, governments also started implementing political and economic policies inconsistent with the liberal international order. The health crisis presents a second test for the LIO insofar as it undermines political freedoms. Border closures, ethnic differentiation and biometric surveillance have ensued since the outbreak. Third, both coordinated and uncoordinated actions to cope with Covid-19 put economic freedoms at risk as pecuniary activity declines and 'economic security' policies consistent with economic nationalism start to jeopardize liberal policies."
Finnish Institute of International Affairs (FIIA)
Norrlof, Carla
2020-04
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Roundtable: Are We Prepared? Protecting the U.S. from Global Pandemics [video]
From the Opening Statement of Ron Johnson: "The emergence of the novel coronavirus from Wuhan, China and its arrival on our doorstep shows the threat that pandemics pose to our nation. Already, around the world, this coronavirus has infected tens of thousands of people and killed hundreds. […] If we want to stop infectious diseases from becoming global problems, then we must ensure that our policies and procedures are thoughtfully developed and ready to go before the next infection crosses our borders. To achieve this goal, we must be able to answer some key questions: First and foremost, who's in charge? We have learned that an effective response to a pandemic requires a whole-of-government approach: health officials who identify and treat the disease, homeland security officials who protect against infection, and a host of others. But our response is not effective if it is not well-managed. Second, do we have clear strategies and plans to combat these global diseases and pandemics? Third, what lessons have we learned from previous responses? Have we addressed and resolved those issues?" Witnesses for this roundtable include the following: Nikki Clowers, Julie L. Gerberding, Scott Gottlieb, Luciana Borio, and Asha M. George. A transcript for the opening statement in this 2 hour, 12 minute, 32 second video is also available [https://www.hsgac.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Opening Statement-Johnson-2020-02-12.pdf].
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs
2020-02-12
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Commission Recommendation of 8.4.2020 on a Common Union Toolbox for the Use of Technology and Data to Combat and Exit from the Covid-19 Crisis, in Particular Concerning Mobile Applications and the Use of Anonymised Mobility Data
From the Document: "(1) This recommendation sets up a process for developing a common approach, referred to as a Toolbox, to use digital means to address the crisis. The Toolbox will consist of practical measures for making effective use of technologies and data, with a focus on two areas in particular: (1) A pan-European approach for the use of mobile applications, coordinated at Union level, for empowering citizens to take effective and more targeted social distancing measures, and for warning, preventing and contact tracing to help limit the propagation of the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] disease. This will involve a methodology monitoring and sharing assessments of effectiveness of these applications, their interoperability and cross-border implications, and their respect for security, privacy and data protection; and (2) A common scheme for using anonymized and aggregated data on mobility of populations in order (i) to model and predict the evolution of the disease, (ii) to monitor the effectiveness of decision-making by Member States' authorities on measures such as social distancing and confinement, and (iii) to inform a coordinated strategy for exiting from the COVID-19 crisis."
European Commission
2020-04-08
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Responding to the Impact of the COVID-19 Outbreak on Food Value Chains Through Efficient Logistics
From the Document: "To contain the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic (caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2]), governments around the world have implemented measures, including a severe reduction in the transportation of goods (ground, ocean freight and air freight), services that rely on transport, as well as migration of labour domestically and internationally. Workers are less available reflecting both disruptions in transportation systems and restrictions to stop the transmission of the disease, within and across borders. These factors induce overall disruptions in the logistics of the food supply chains, impeding the shipment of food and agricultural inputs, threatening food security and nutrition, particularly for the most vulnerable population segments. [...] The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) urges countries to maintain functioning food value chains to avoid food shortages, following practices that are being proven to work. This note summarizes some practices that could be useful for governments and the private sector to maintain critical logistical elements in food value chain."
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
2020-04-04
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COVID-19: Medical Equipment & Food Supplies
From the Document: "Shortages of medical equipment worldwide and procurement delays are further complicated by border closures and transport disruptions. Ventilators and treatment are also unlikely to be available or sufficient for some time, emphasising the importance of lower-intensity technological solutions in developing contexts. Governments need to quickly assess, prioritise and articulate needs to development partners and private suppliers, forecasting demand based on modelling and affordability. Priority should be given to prevention - protective equipment, thermometers, and dedicated medical facilities - and ensuring the safety and adequate training of health-care workers. In the short to medium term, there may also be opportunities to support the manufacturing of PPE [personal protective equipment] and equipment locally. Countries worldwide are restricting the movement of people and goods and imposing food bans, threatening global trade, commodity prices, and food availability. This is particularly important for Africa given its current levels of food imports, domestic production, and export revenues. Governments need to quickly assess food needs and availability, ensure that supply chains remain open, and identify mitigation actions for vulnerable populations. Planting and expanded cultivation should also be accelerated for the coming planting season (March to May) and plans made for storage. While addressing national food security and domestic production, countries should continue to leverage private sector investment and regional economic cooperation."
Tony Blair Institute for Global Change
2020-03-30
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National Communicable Disease Surveillance Manual of Saint Lucia
"The purpose of surveillance is not just to detect communicable diseases but rather to respond to any communicable diseases with the appropriate disease control measure. The potential for rapid spread of a communicable disease has demanded that our surveillance system provides information as close to real time as possible. It is probably more appropriate to think of our national communicable disease surveillance and control system as a health security system. The system demands accurate and rapid intelligence. This intelligence must be available in a system that can see and respond rapidly at the country borders as well as within each community and within every sector e.g. trade, health, agriculture, education or tourism. We live in a global environment within which an emerging infectious disease from anywhere in the world can arrive in Saint Lucia within 24 hours of emerging. Infectious diseases can arrive via people or through agricultural and goods imports. Therefore the scope of our disease surveillance and response systems must be competent to manage this."
Saint Lucia
2006-05
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Congress and the War in Yemen: Oversight and Legislation 2015-2019 [Updated September 6, 2019]
From the Summary: "This CRS [Congressional Research Service] report provides an overview of the role Congress has played in shaping U.S. policy toward the conflict in Yemen, with summary tables providing information on various legislative proposals considered in the 114th , 115th , and 116th Congresses. These proposals have reflected a range of congressional perspectives and priorities, including [1] the authorization of the activities of the U.S. Armed Forces related to the conflict; [2] the extent of U.S. logistical, material, advisory, and intelligence support for the coalition led by Saudi Arabia; [3] the approval, disapproval, or conditioning of U.S. arms sales to Saudi Arabia; [4] the appropriation of funds for U.S. operations in support of the Saudi-led coalition; [5] the conduct of the Saudi-led coalition's air campaign and its adherence to international humanitarian law and the laws of armed conflict; [6] the demand for greater humanitarian access to Yemen; [7] the call for a wider government assessment of U.S. policy toward Yemen and U.S. support to parties to the conflict; [8] the nature and extent of U.S.-Saudi counterterrorism and border security cooperation; and [9] the role of Iran in supplying missile technology and other weapons to the forces of the Houthi movement."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sharp, Jeremy Maxwell; Collins, Sarah R.; Blanchard, Christopher M.
2019-09-06
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Trade Facilitation Best Practices Implemented in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic
From the Overview: "Maintaining trade flows as much as possible during the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic will be crucial in providing access to essential food and health supplies and in limiting the negative impacts on jobs and poverty. The implementation of the World Trade Organization's (WTO) Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) provides governments with a sound framework for improving trade facilitation and border management. During this crisis implementing measures contained in the TFA can contribute to ensure that trade in critical supplies proceeds smoothly and safely thereby contributing to food security and the health of citizens. This document builds on the World Bank Group's Trade and COVID Guidance Note on Managing Risk and Facilitating Trade in the COVID-19 Pandemic which provides recommendations to governments in maintaining the supply chain that are facilitating the trade of critically needed commodities during the COVID-19 pandemic and protecting workers at ports, terminals and points of entry."
World Bank Group
Yang, Aileen; Sela, Shane; Zawacki, Marisa
2020
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How COVID-19 Restrictions and the Economic Consequences Are Likely to Impact Migrant Smuggling and Cross-Border Trafficking in Persons to Europe and North America
From the Executive Summary: "The unprecedented crisis that COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] has suddenly unleashed upon the world is affecting all aspects of society and is likely to have an effect on the routes and characteristics of both regular and irregular migration. Smuggling of migrants and trafficking in persons will also be affected in certain ways by the crisis. Many factors shape the dynamics of these two criminal phenomena, from the international political and security landscape to macro socio-economic dynamics and national law enforcement capacity - all of which have been affected by the global pandemic. The impacts of the COVID-19 crisis, and of the measures adopted by governments to contain it, differ across the globe, and the effects of these measures on smuggling of migrants and trafficking in persons are likely to vary from country to country and from region to region. This Research Brief analyses possible scenarios of how smuggling of migrants and cross-border trafficking in persons are likely to be affected by the COVID-19 crisis along mixed migration routes to two important destination regions: North America and Europe."
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
Sarrica, Fabrizio; Healy, Claire; Serio, Giulia . . .
2020-05-14?
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U.S. Department of Homeland Security: FY 2019 Summary of Performance and Financial Information
From the Document: "During FY 2019, DHS delivered results across all mission areas, ensuring lawful trade and travel, enhancing border operational control, interdicting migrants and drugs in the maritime environment, combatting transnational criminal organizations, and vetting all domestic passengers and checked baggage. [...] FY 2019 marks DHS's seventh consecutive year for a clean financial statement audit opinion. DHS's Net Cost of Operations for FY 2019 was $66.1 billion as compared to $66.8 billion in FY 2018. Whether sustaining a clean opinion on our financial statements or improving internal controls, the value of transparent and accurate financial reporting cannot be stressed enough. We hope you enjoy our FY 2019 Summary of Performance and Financial Information (Citizen's Report) that highlights the efforts of our operational Components."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
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Opioid/Fentanyl Detection Project
From the Document: "Through Executive Order 13784, the Commission on Combating Drug Addiction and the Opioid Crisis was established to counter the public health crisis responsible for 47,600 overdose deaths in 2017. In direct response, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate (S&T) has established a program in collaboration with U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) to deliver improved drug detection capabilities within 12-18 months. [...] The Opioid/Fentanyl Detection Project will identify and develop capabilities to better detect and interdict synthetic opioids like fentanyl entering the United States through international mail and parcel shipments. This program will provide advanced detection technologies and analytics that increase screening capacity at international mail facilities, without unduly impacting the flow of legitimate trade. This program aims to increase the number of interdictions of illicit drugs, reducing the overall supply entering the United States."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Science and Technology Directorate
2020-01
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Mexico: Background and U.S. Relations [Updated May 12, 2020]
From the Introduction: "This report provides an overview of political and economic conditions in Mexico, followed by assessments of selected issues of congressional interest in Mexico: security and foreign aid, extraditions, human rights, trade, migration, energy, water, and border environmental issues."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Seelke, Clare Ribando
2020-05-12
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COVID-19 and the Food and Agriculture Sector: Issues and Policy Responses
From the Document: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic is a global health crisis that is already having devastating impacts on the world economy -both directly and through necessary measures to contain the spread of the disease. These impacts are also being felt by the food and agriculture sector. While the supply of food has held up well to date, in many countries, the measures put in place to contain the spread of the virus are starting to disrupt the supply of agro-food products to markets and consumers, both within and across borders. The sector is also experiencing a substantial shift in the composition and -for some commodities -the level of demand. How damaging these impacts turn out to be for food security, nutrition and the livelihoods of farmers, fishers and others working along the food supply chain will depend in large part on policy responses over the short, medium and long term. In the short term, governments must manage multiple demands -responding to the health crisis, managing the consequences of the shock to the economy, and ensuring the smooth functioning of the food system. While the pandemic poses some serious challenges for the food system in the short term, it is also an opportunity to accelerate transformations in the food and agriculture sector to build its resilience in the face of a range of challenges, including climate change."
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
2020-04-29
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Investing in a Safer United States: What is Global Health Security and Why Does it Matter?
"In response to the questions-why does the United states engage in global health,and what are the national interests of the Untied State in this area? - humanitarian and ethical considerations are often the lead rationales cited: the United States is a philanthropic nation committed to the values of easing the vulnerability and suffering of people from HIV/AIDS, malaria, polio, and a number of other diseases. Not far behind are the U.S. foreign policy and development states: U.S. investments in global health are a cost-effective 'soft power' tool that promotes economic growth and prosperity in poor communities and that generates important earned goodwill toward the United States by visibly saving and enhancing lies. No less important than these however, but often less acknowledged, is the U.S. interest in global health security: investing in the basics of quality public health systems, including effective and adequate laboratories, information systems, and human resources to conduct disease surveillance and epidemiological analyses, and effective response strategies that can protect Americans and persons around the world from both predictable and unforeseen emerging health threats that can quickly cross populations and borders."
Center for Strategic and International Studies (Washington, D.C.)
Miller, Rebecca; Dowell, Scott F.
2012-08
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Immigration Legislation and Issues in the 116th Congress [Updated June 19, 2020]
From the Summary: "The House and the Senate have considered measures on a variety of immigration issues in the 116th Congress. These issues include border security, immigration enforcement, legalization of unauthorized immigrants, temporary and permanent immigration, and humanitarian admissions. Several immigration measures were enacted into law. Among them are the Northern Mariana Islands Long-Term Legal Residents Relief Act (P.L. 116-24) and the Citizenship for Children of Military Members and Civil Servants Act (P.L. 116-133). The 116th Congress also enacted immigration provisions as part of larger defense and appropriations bills. [...] This report discusses these and other immigration-related issues that have seen legislative action in the 116th Congress."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Bruno, Andorra; Kandel, William; Wilson, Jill, 1974-
2020-06-19
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Israel and the Palestinians: Chronology of a Two-State Solution [Updated June 30, 2020]
From the Document: "The idea of a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict developed gradually in the years after Israel captured the West Bank and Gaza Strip in the 1967 Arab-Israeli war. This product highlights the evolution of this idea. In 2002, U.S. policy became explicitly supportive of creating a Palestinian state alongside Israel. Since then, unsuccessful negotiating efforts and other developments have led many observers to doubt the viability of a twostate solution. Analysts debate whether the Trump Administration's 2020 release of the Administration's 'Vision for Peace' will help or hinder the parties in resolving core issues of dispute (security, borders, settlements, Jerusalem, Palestinian refugees). The plan sets some arguably difficult preconditions for a future Palestinian state, and could permit Israeli annexation of some West Bank areas--primarily Israeli settlements and the Jordan Valley."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Zanotti, Jim
2020-06-30
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States of Terror: Understanding Evolving Islamist Terrorist Organizations and the Threat They Pose
From the thesis abstract: "Islamist militant organizations appear to be evolving from traditional disassociated networks, al- Qaeda's model, into centralized regional powers with the intent of developing into national governments. This thesis presents a comparative case study of five mainstream Islamist militant organizations, the Islamic State, Jabhat Fatah al-Sham, al-Shabaab, the Afghan Taliban, and Hezbollah, to determine how close they have come to statehood and how such a change may affect U.S. homeland security. The criteria used to analyze the case studies were primarily derived from the Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States, which describes a state as an entity with a permanent population, defined borders, an ability to conduct governance, and an ability to enter into relations with other national governments. Additional criteria were used to determine the organizations' propensity to threaten the United States in their governmental capacity. This thesis found that none of the Islamist militant organizations in the case studies currently fit all the criteria for statehood; however, none fit al-Qaeda's disassociated model either. Therefore, the international community should consider defining and more accurately classifying these groups as militant states."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
McCulley, Dylan P.
2016-09
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Venezuela: Pandemic and Foreign Intervention in a Collapsing Narcostate
From the Document: "In late June and early July, three separate events highlighted the growing risk that the political, health, economic, and security crisis in Venezuela could come to a head in the coming months, which would have grave consequences for its neighbors in the region. First, two figures affiliated with the regime, Diosdado Cabello and Tarek El-Aissami, tested positive for Covid-19 [coronavirus disease 2019], with the prospect that Nicolás Maduro himself--with whom El-Aissami met--could be next. Second, the Maduro regime excluded three of the four political parties opposing him--Popular Will, Justice First, and Democratic Action--from National Assembly elections to be held in December; it also replaced their leaders with regime loyalists, decisively closing one of the few remaining possibilities for a democratic exit to the political crisis in the country. And finally, a report by the United Nations Commission on Human Rights on illegal mining in Venezuela highlighted the degree to which the national territory is controlled not by Nicolás Maduro or Juan Guaidó, but by criminal organizations. Beyond the greater Caracas area, Venezuela has devolved into a series of criminal fiefdoms bound not by an allegiance to Maduro or Guaidó but rather by a shared interest in the continued absence of effective governance; this enables those with guns to persist in their criminal enterprises, from narcotics and illegal mining to extorting desperate Venezuelans seeking to cross the border or to send remittances to their loved ones."
Center for Strategic and International Studies (Washington, D.C.)
Ellis, Robert Evan
2020-08
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Food Security in Asia and the Pacific Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic
From the Document: "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has heightened food security risks in Asia and the Pacific. Disruptions to domestic and international food supply chains-- caused as rising health risks led to major travel restrictions--have undermined food availability and accessibility. Domestically, disruptions in the upstream food supply chains have arisen from mobility restrictions and worker illnesses during planting and harvesting, in addition to hindered operations in processing, trucking, logistics, and trading. Losses of employment and income are also reducing food consumption, leaving vulnerable groups at risk of hunger and malnutrition. Basic food handouts are often limited and may not meet the nutritional needs of children and pregnant women. Internationally, border closures and export restrictions could imply limited availability and affordability of certain food items for countries that rely on imports."
Asian Development Bank
Kim, Kijin; Kim, Sunae; Park, Cyn-Young
2020-06
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China Deep Dive: 'A Report on the Intelligence Community's Capabilities and Competencies with Respect to the People's Republic of China' (Redacted)
From the Introduction: "For the first time in three decades the United States is confronted by the rise of a global competitor. How the United States Intelligence Community meets the challenge of China's arrival on the global stage, as well as the continued potential for highly disruptive transnational crises that originate within our competitors' borders, the profound technological change transforming societies and communication across the globe, and the international order's return to near-peer competition will have profound and long-lasting implications on our nation's continued security, economic prosperity, and ability to preserve America's democratic way of life."
United States. Congress. House. Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence
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Openness is as Important Now as it Has Ever Been
From the Document: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic has shaken the world. Faced with the lack of medical treatment or a vaccine, nations around the globe have opted for the only remedy known against the easily communicable virus -namely, the adoption of social distancing measures that curtail its contagion. As the pandemic rolled from Wuhan, China, to other nations, international borders closed, quarantines were imposed on newcomers and, overall, international mobility came to a near-complete halt. In the United States, the President's announcement on restrictions placed on international arrivals from 26 countries on March 11, 2020,2 led to the State Department's suspension of exchange programs, which allow qualified foreign-nationals to participate in work- and study-based exchange visitor programs, for, at least, 60 days. Participants in these exchange visitor programs include foreign-born medical school graduates who complete their residency requirements and sub-specialty training in the United States prior to going back home for two years before they can return to the United States-usually through an H1-B or L-1 visa. [...] An important challenge in recovering from the pandemic will be fighting perceptions of immigrants as economic and security threats. And instead creating and maintaining an open economy that welcomes the international exchange of ideas that has characterized and fueled growth in the United States for decades."
Utah State University. Center for Growth and Opportunity
Amuedo-Dorantes, Catalina
2020-06
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Terrorist Screening Database: Background Information [June 17, 2016]
From the Summary: "The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI, the Bureau) has acknowledged that it had been investigating the shooter who killed 49 people at an Orlando nightclub on June 12, 2016. The gunman has been identified as Omar Mateen, a 29-year-old security guard in Florida who was born in New York. Reportedly, Mateen was watchlisted while under FBI investigation. This report provides background information on the watchlisting process. The Terrorist Screening Database (TSDB, commonly referred to as the Terrorist Watchlist) lies at the heart of federal efforts to identify and share information about identified people who may pose terrorism-related threats to the United States. It is managed by the Terrorist Screening Center (TSC) and includes biographic identifiers for those known to have or those suspected of having ties to terrorism. It stores hundreds of thousands of unique identities. Portions of the TSDB are exported to data systems in federal agencies that perform screening activities such as background checks, reviewing the records of passport and visa applicants, and official encounters with travelers at U.S. border crossings."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Bjelopera, Jerome P.
2016-06-17
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Nature of the Boko Haram Security Crisis in the Lake Chad Basin
From the Thesis Abstract: "Boko Haram, a religious extremist organization opposed to western influences in the Nigerian society was created in 2002 in Bornu state by Mohammed Yusuf an extremist Muslim preacher. Due to an inappropriate management of this religious issue, the organization gained importance and rapidly came to control large territories in the North east of Nigeria, with active presence on Chadian, Cameroonian and Nigerien bordering regions. After almost a decade of fights, Boko Haram is still able to attack military bases, civilian populations and public services. The insecurity climate is real, despite important military efforts from these countries and partners. Therefore, the regional and national strategies implemented so far need to be assessed. The identification of the nature of Boko Haram in the Lake Chad region is the first step. This study has revealed Boko Haram is an insurgency in Nigeria, but is a security crisis that did not turned into an insurgency in Cameroon, Niger and Chad; This difference on the nature of threats induces a difference of approaches at the national and at the regional levels."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Amboh, Esaie Beng
2019-06-14
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Alliance Strikes Back: Using Multi Domain Operations to Counter Russian Hybrid Warfare in the Baltics
From the Thesis Abstract: "As a result of the space age and the Information Revolution, warfare is extending to new domains and being fought with new emerging technologies. Meanwhile, a resurgent Russia has been using hybrid warfare--a combination of non-violent subversion, covert violent action, and conventional military forces--to pursue its national interests outside of its borders. NATO's most acute challenge is how best to innovate and adapt in order to deliver collective security to the Baltic States. This paper will explore whether or not NATO should adopt the new U.S. Multi Domain Operations concept. This paper concludes that, while the Multi Domain Operations concept could counter, if not defeat, Russian hybrid warfare in the Baltics, that NATO should not adopt the concept because of low suitability. Of particular concern is the concept's lack of focus on preventing Russia using local populations as a tool of destabilization, the time it will likely take to penetrate Russian A2/AD [Anti Access/Area Denial] systems using the 'stimulate-see-strike' process, and the detrimental effect that synchronizing actions across domains could have on one of NATO's key overmatch capabilities--the Mission Command philosophy."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Stafford, Nicholas J.
2019-06-14
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Kazakhstan [Updated June 21, 2019]
From the Overview: "Kazakhstan, a U.S. partner in areas such as counterterrorism, regional security, and nuclear nonproliferation, is a strategically situated country endowed with significant hydrocarbon and mineral resources. It shares long borders with Russia to the north and China to the east. Although sparsely populated, Kazakhstan is the world's ninth largest country by area. Previously a republic of the Soviet Union, Kazakhstan became independent in 1991. Since then, the country's authoritarian government has introduced significant market reforms, developed the energy sector, and moved to diversify its economy. Kazakhstan pursues a 'multi-vector' foreign policy, seeking to balance relations with major powers while actively participating in international organizations."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Blackwood, Maria A.
2019-06-21
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Deportation of Parents of U.S.-Born Children: First Half, Calendar Year 2019 (Fiscal Year 2019 Report to Congress )
From the Document: "U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) is responsible for enforcing federal laws that govern border control, customs, trade, and immigration in order to promote homeland security and public safety. ICE Enforcement and Removal Operations (ERO) deportation officers enforce the Nation's immigration laws by identifying and arresting removable aliens; detaining, releasing on bond, or placing apprehended removable aliens on supervised release, including alternatives to detention as appropriate; and removing aliens from the United States. [...] During the reporting period, ICE sought orders of removal in the cases of 10,513 aliens who claimed to have at least one U.S.-born child. ICE obtained 4,104 final orders of removal for aliens who claimed to have at least one U.S.-born child. ICE removed 14,324 aliens who claimed to have at least one U.S.-born child."
U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
2020-04-13
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Future Years Homeland Security Program (FYHSP): Fiscal Years 2020-2024 Executive Summary (Fiscal Year 2019 Report to Congress)
From the Executive Summary: "This report incorporates the current Administration's priorities to improve DHS's capacity to enforce border security laws, as well as the ability to execute the other statutory and legislative requirements of the Department through its many operational and support Components. An overview of the Department's organizational and strategic structure is provided, including the operational and support offices, the programs that constitute each Component, and time-phased resource requirements aligned to the Department's Component structure and strategy."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of the Chief Financial Officer
2019-08-06
