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COVID-19: Medical Equipment & Food Supplies
From the Document: "Shortages of medical equipment worldwide and procurement delays are further complicated by border closures and transport disruptions. Ventilators and treatment are also unlikely to be available or sufficient for some time, emphasising the importance of lower-intensity technological solutions in developing contexts. Governments need to quickly assess, prioritise and articulate needs to development partners and private suppliers, forecasting demand based on modelling and affordability. Priority should be given to prevention - protective equipment, thermometers, and dedicated medical facilities - and ensuring the safety and adequate training of health-care workers. In the short to medium term, there may also be opportunities to support the manufacturing of PPE [personal protective equipment] and equipment locally. Countries worldwide are restricting the movement of people and goods and imposing food bans, threatening global trade, commodity prices, and food availability. This is particularly important for Africa given its current levels of food imports, domestic production, and export revenues. Governments need to quickly assess food needs and availability, ensure that supply chains remain open, and identify mitigation actions for vulnerable populations. Planting and expanded cultivation should also be accelerated for the coming planting season (March to May) and plans made for storage. While addressing national food security and domestic production, countries should continue to leverage private sector investment and regional economic cooperation."
Tony Blair Institute for Global Change
2020-03-30
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National Communicable Disease Surveillance Manual of Saint Lucia
"The purpose of surveillance is not just to detect communicable diseases but rather to respond to any communicable diseases with the appropriate disease control measure. The potential for rapid spread of a communicable disease has demanded that our surveillance system provides information as close to real time as possible. It is probably more appropriate to think of our national communicable disease surveillance and control system as a health security system. The system demands accurate and rapid intelligence. This intelligence must be available in a system that can see and respond rapidly at the country borders as well as within each community and within every sector e.g. trade, health, agriculture, education or tourism. We live in a global environment within which an emerging infectious disease from anywhere in the world can arrive in Saint Lucia within 24 hours of emerging. Infectious diseases can arrive via people or through agricultural and goods imports. Therefore the scope of our disease surveillance and response systems must be competent to manage this."
Saint Lucia
2006-05
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Trade Facilitation Best Practices Implemented in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic
From the Overview: "Maintaining trade flows as much as possible during the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic will be crucial in providing access to essential food and health supplies and in limiting the negative impacts on jobs and poverty. The implementation of the World Trade Organization's (WTO) Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) provides governments with a sound framework for improving trade facilitation and border management. During this crisis implementing measures contained in the TFA can contribute to ensure that trade in critical supplies proceeds smoothly and safely thereby contributing to food security and the health of citizens. This document builds on the World Bank Group's Trade and COVID Guidance Note on Managing Risk and Facilitating Trade in the COVID-19 Pandemic which provides recommendations to governments in maintaining the supply chain that are facilitating the trade of critically needed commodities during the COVID-19 pandemic and protecting workers at ports, terminals and points of entry."
World Bank Group
Yang, Aileen; Sela, Shane; Zawacki, Marisa
2020
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How COVID-19 Restrictions and the Economic Consequences Are Likely to Impact Migrant Smuggling and Cross-Border Trafficking in Persons to Europe and North America
From the Executive Summary: "The unprecedented crisis that COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] has suddenly unleashed upon the world is affecting all aspects of society and is likely to have an effect on the routes and characteristics of both regular and irregular migration. Smuggling of migrants and trafficking in persons will also be affected in certain ways by the crisis. Many factors shape the dynamics of these two criminal phenomena, from the international political and security landscape to macro socio-economic dynamics and national law enforcement capacity - all of which have been affected by the global pandemic. The impacts of the COVID-19 crisis, and of the measures adopted by governments to contain it, differ across the globe, and the effects of these measures on smuggling of migrants and trafficking in persons are likely to vary from country to country and from region to region. This Research Brief analyses possible scenarios of how smuggling of migrants and cross-border trafficking in persons are likely to be affected by the COVID-19 crisis along mixed migration routes to two important destination regions: North America and Europe."
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
Sarrica, Fabrizio; Healy, Claire; Serio, Giulia . . .
2020-05-14?
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U.S. Department of Homeland Security: FY 2019 Summary of Performance and Financial Information
From the Document: "During FY 2019, DHS delivered results across all mission areas, ensuring lawful trade and travel, enhancing border operational control, interdicting migrants and drugs in the maritime environment, combatting transnational criminal organizations, and vetting all domestic passengers and checked baggage. [...] FY 2019 marks DHS's seventh consecutive year for a clean financial statement audit opinion. DHS's Net Cost of Operations for FY 2019 was $66.1 billion as compared to $66.8 billion in FY 2018. Whether sustaining a clean opinion on our financial statements or improving internal controls, the value of transparent and accurate financial reporting cannot be stressed enough. We hope you enjoy our FY 2019 Summary of Performance and Financial Information (Citizen's Report) that highlights the efforts of our operational Components."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
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Opioid/Fentanyl Detection Project
From the Document: "Through Executive Order 13784, the Commission on Combating Drug Addiction and the Opioid Crisis was established to counter the public health crisis responsible for 47,600 overdose deaths in 2017. In direct response, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate (S&T) has established a program in collaboration with U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) to deliver improved drug detection capabilities within 12-18 months. [...] The Opioid/Fentanyl Detection Project will identify and develop capabilities to better detect and interdict synthetic opioids like fentanyl entering the United States through international mail and parcel shipments. This program will provide advanced detection technologies and analytics that increase screening capacity at international mail facilities, without unduly impacting the flow of legitimate trade. This program aims to increase the number of interdictions of illicit drugs, reducing the overall supply entering the United States."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Science and Technology Directorate
2020-01
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COVID-19 and the Food and Agriculture Sector: Issues and Policy Responses
From the Document: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic is a global health crisis that is already having devastating impacts on the world economy -both directly and through necessary measures to contain the spread of the disease. These impacts are also being felt by the food and agriculture sector. While the supply of food has held up well to date, in many countries, the measures put in place to contain the spread of the virus are starting to disrupt the supply of agro-food products to markets and consumers, both within and across borders. The sector is also experiencing a substantial shift in the composition and -for some commodities -the level of demand. How damaging these impacts turn out to be for food security, nutrition and the livelihoods of farmers, fishers and others working along the food supply chain will depend in large part on policy responses over the short, medium and long term. In the short term, governments must manage multiple demands -responding to the health crisis, managing the consequences of the shock to the economy, and ensuring the smooth functioning of the food system. While the pandemic poses some serious challenges for the food system in the short term, it is also an opportunity to accelerate transformations in the food and agriculture sector to build its resilience in the face of a range of challenges, including climate change."
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
2020-04-29
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Venezuela: Pandemic and Foreign Intervention in a Collapsing Narcostate
From the Document: "In late June and early July, three separate events highlighted the growing risk that the political, health, economic, and security crisis in Venezuela could come to a head in the coming months, which would have grave consequences for its neighbors in the region. First, two figures affiliated with the regime, Diosdado Cabello and Tarek El-Aissami, tested positive for Covid-19 [coronavirus disease 2019], with the prospect that Nicolás Maduro himself--with whom El-Aissami met--could be next. Second, the Maduro regime excluded three of the four political parties opposing him--Popular Will, Justice First, and Democratic Action--from National Assembly elections to be held in December; it also replaced their leaders with regime loyalists, decisively closing one of the few remaining possibilities for a democratic exit to the political crisis in the country. And finally, a report by the United Nations Commission on Human Rights on illegal mining in Venezuela highlighted the degree to which the national territory is controlled not by Nicolás Maduro or Juan Guaidó, but by criminal organizations. Beyond the greater Caracas area, Venezuela has devolved into a series of criminal fiefdoms bound not by an allegiance to Maduro or Guaidó but rather by a shared interest in the continued absence of effective governance; this enables those with guns to persist in their criminal enterprises, from narcotics and illegal mining to extorting desperate Venezuelans seeking to cross the border or to send remittances to their loved ones."
Center for Strategic and International Studies (Washington, D.C.)
Ellis, Robert Evan
2020-08
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States of Terror: Understanding Evolving Islamist Terrorist Organizations and the Threat They Pose
From the thesis abstract: "Islamist militant organizations appear to be evolving from traditional disassociated networks, al- Qaeda's model, into centralized regional powers with the intent of developing into national governments. This thesis presents a comparative case study of five mainstream Islamist militant organizations, the Islamic State, Jabhat Fatah al-Sham, al-Shabaab, the Afghan Taliban, and Hezbollah, to determine how close they have come to statehood and how such a change may affect U.S. homeland security. The criteria used to analyze the case studies were primarily derived from the Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States, which describes a state as an entity with a permanent population, defined borders, an ability to conduct governance, and an ability to enter into relations with other national governments. Additional criteria were used to determine the organizations' propensity to threaten the United States in their governmental capacity. This thesis found that none of the Islamist militant organizations in the case studies currently fit all the criteria for statehood; however, none fit al-Qaeda's disassociated model either. Therefore, the international community should consider defining and more accurately classifying these groups as militant states."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
McCulley, Dylan P.
2016-09
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Libya: A Future Arab Democracy
From the thesis abstract: "Libya has overthrown its long time dictator Muammar Gadhafi with the aid of both Western and Arab militaries. The United States acted under the authority of U.N. mandate 1973 as part of a broad coalition of both NATO and Arab Nations primarily in a supporting role. In Libya, as in its neighbors Egypt and Tunisia, the successful revolution has now established transitional governments who's effectiveness is yet to be determined. Unlike other Arab nations, Libya possesses a combination of vast oil reserves, a small and balanced population, and a relatively high education level in its citizens. These factors all bode well for the establishment of a lasting representative government. If successful, Libya can not only secure its borders, and deny safe haven to terrorism as is the declared interest of the United States, but also serve as a positive economic and political influence on the region. Egypt remains the most significant and strategic nation in the region, but the benefits of a successful Libya and the relatively low cost at which it may be achieved should not be overlooked."
Army War College (U.S.)
Kulzer, Jacob
2012-03-21
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'Old Army' 1898-1941: A Blueprint for the Future?
From the thesis abstract: "The U.S. Army faces a challenge of maintaining a force able to meet global commitments and in an era of shrinking budgets when no immediate peer competitor justifies a large standing army. Additionally, the focus of military strategy has shifted to the Pacific. This is not a new situation. The Army faced a similar dilemma during the period of 1898 to 1941. During this time the Army had to maintain a continuous presence in the Philippines, Hawaii, Alaska, Puerto Rico, and the Panama Canal Zone while simultaneously mobilizing for World War I, deploying expeditions to China, Russia, and Siberia, fighting a border skirmish against Mexican bandits, conducting peace keeping operations in Cuba and maintaining stateside garrisons. In a country traditionally wary of maintaining a large standing Army, and with no direct threat to justify having one, this required the Army of the period to have several characteristics: It had to be relatively small, but able to expand rapidly through the use of reserves; it had to be highly selective, professional and well trained to accomplish much with a small force, as well as provide a skilled cadre for mobilization; finally, it had to rely on native soldiers overseas to expand its capabilities and to augment its forces. These same characteristics and competencies may serve as an effective blueprint for guiding current reform initiatives as the Army transitions to meet contemporary security challenges."
Army War College (U.S.)
Reed, Christopher D.
2012-03-19
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What is the Extent of Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb and Where Does It Derive Its Strength in the Sahelian-Saharan Region: A Case Study of Northern Mali
From the thesis abstract: "What Is The Extent of Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb and Where Does It Derive Its Strength in the Sahelian-Saharan Region: A Case Study of Northern Mali, by MJR Mohamed Al Moustapha Touré, 131 pages. While Algeria was facing internal security issues with illegal Islamist armed groups in the 1990s, some Sahelian-Saharan states were reducing their institutional presence in their border region with Algeria. Mali was demilitarizing its northern region in application of the peace agreement with the Arab-Tuareg rebellion, opening a large corridor to all kinds of smugglings and illegal activities. The Author used the RAND study's variable of ungovernability and conduciveness to analyze AQIM [Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb] in northern Mali. The importance of kinship relationship in Somalia supported the emergence of a new variable called 'Fortified Relationships'. The objective of the study was to use the RAND's variables to do an analysis of AQIM's center of gravity. The conduciveness variables constitute AQIM's center of gravity critical capabilities and 'Fortified Relationships' constitute its critical vulnerabilities. This emergent variable of 'Fortified Relationships' seems to be a critical factor, at least in an African context, and warrants further study."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Toure, Mohamed Al Moustapha
2012-06-08
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Automated Commercial Environment Overview and Status Update [presentation]
This presentation from the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) offers information on the following topics: "Automated Commercial Environment [ACE]"; "International Trade Data System"; "PGAs [Participating Government Agencies] in ITDS [International Trade Data System]"; "Summarized ACE Timeline"; "ACE Project Priorities"; "ACE Program Successes and Current Capabilities"; "ACE Entry Summary Functionality Highlights"; "CBP Forms 28, 29, and 4647"; "Sending Documents Via the ACE Portal"; "Census Warning Processing"; "AD/CVD Case Management"; "Post Summary Corrections"; "Document Image System [DIS]"; "DIS Forms Initially Supported"; "Periodic Monthly Statement"; "Key ACE Reports"; "ACE Report Categories"; "ACE Reports Data Refresh"; "e-Manifest: Trucks"; "e-Manifest: Rail and Sea"; "Importer Security Filing"; "ACE Functionality: Delivered March 2012"; "ACE Functionality: Delivered May 2012"; "ACE Functionality: Delivered May 2012 Simplified Entry"; "ACE Functionality: Delivered May 2012 Simplified Entry Data"; "ACE Priorities/Planned Capabilities"; "ITDS - PGA Message Set"; and "Additional Resources".
U.S. Customs and Border Protection
2012-06
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Update to the 2008 Report Concerning Passenger Name Record Information Derived from Flights Between the U.S. and the European Union
"In advance of the 2010 Joint Review of the 2007 U.S. -- EU Passenger Name Records (PNR) Agreement, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Privacy Office updated its December 2008 Report Concerning Passenger Name Records (2008 Report) derived from flights between the U.S. and EU. The purposes of the update are to: (1) review the status of recommendations contained in the 2008 Report and (2) identify key Customs and Border Protection (CBP) program practices and assess whether such practices continue to comply with the 2007 U.S.-EU PNR Agreement."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Privacy Office
2010-02-05
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Privacy Impact Assessment Update for the Advanced Passenger Information System (APIS) [June 23, 2011]
"The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) is updating the Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) for the Advanced Passenger Information System (APIS) in order to provide further notice of the expansion of routine sharing of APIS with the intelligence community in support of the Department's mission to protect the United States from potential terrorist activities."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Privacy Office
2011-06-23
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Defeating Mexico's Drug Trafficking Organizations: The Range of Military Operations in Mexico
From the thesis abstract: "Drug Trafficking Organizations within Mexico have become a challenge to the state and are affecting both Mexican and U.S. citizens within the U.S. and Mexico border region. As the situation continues to spiral out of control, the U.S. military, with approval of the Mexican government, may need to conduct operations within Northern Mexico to defeat drug trafficking organizations and stabilize the region. As the full range of military operations have been conducted within Afghanistan, this study explores those military operations and their applicability to defeating drug trafficking organizations within Northern Mexico. Through operational design, the primary conclusion drawn is that there is no single military operation that should be conducted. Rather, the U.S. military operations that can be employed to defeat drug trafficking organizations and stabilize Northern Mexico are a combination of security cooperation, limited contingency operations, and major operations."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Wade, Mark J.
2012-06-08
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Information Technology Management Letter for the FY 2011 U.S. Customs and Border Protection Financial Statement Audit
"We have audited the consolidated balance sheets of the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), a component of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS), and related consolidated statements of net cost, changes in net position, and custodial activity, and the combined statements of budgetary resources (hereinafter, referred to as 'consolidated financial statements') as of September 30, 2011 and 2010. In connection with our audit of CBP's consolidated financial statements, we performed an evaluation of general information technology controls (GITCs), to assist in planning and performing our audit. The 'Federal Information System Controls Audit Manual' (FISCAM), issued by the Government Accountability Office (GAO), formed the basis of our GITC evaluation procedures. The scope of the GITC evaluation is further described in Appendix A. FISCAM was designed to inform financial auditors about information technology (IT) controls and related audit concerns to assist them in planning their audit work and to integrate the work of auditors with other aspects of the financial audit."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of Inspector General
2012-05
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Port Isabel Service Processing Center: Final Environmental Assessment
From the Purpose and Need for the Project: "The Port Isabel Service Processing Center (commonly referred to as the Port Isabel Detention Center or PIDC) is located at 27991 Buena Vista Boulevard, Los Fresnos, Texas. Los Fresnos is part of Cameron County, the southernmost county in Texas. The U.S./Mexico border lies to the south of Cameron County. The Department of Homeland Security's (DHS) Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) proposes a variety of improvements at the existing Port Isabel Service Processing Center (SPC), including construction, renovations, expansion, and demolition. ICE has prepared this Final Environmental Assessment (EA) in compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969 (42 United States Code [USC] 4321 et seq.) and other relevant federal and state laws and regulations. This Final EA discloses the direct, indirect, and cumulative environmental impacts that would result from the proposed action and alternatives."
U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement; United States. Department of Homeland Security
2019-02-21
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Investing in a Safer United States: What is Global Health Security and Why Does it Matter?
"In response to the questions-why does the United states engage in global health,and what are the national interests of the Untied State in this area? - humanitarian and ethical considerations are often the lead rationales cited: the United States is a philanthropic nation committed to the values of easing the vulnerability and suffering of people from HIV/AIDS, malaria, polio, and a number of other diseases. Not far behind are the U.S. foreign policy and development states: U.S. investments in global health are a cost-effective 'soft power' tool that promotes economic growth and prosperity in poor communities and that generates important earned goodwill toward the United States by visibly saving and enhancing lies. No less important than these however, but often less acknowledged, is the U.S. interest in global health security: investing in the basics of quality public health systems, including effective and adequate laboratories, information systems, and human resources to conduct disease surveillance and epidemiological analyses, and effective response strategies that can protect Americans and persons around the world from both predictable and unforeseen emerging health threats that can quickly cross populations and borders."
Center for Strategic and International Studies (Washington, D.C.)
Miller, Rebecca; Dowell, Scott F.
2012-08
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Enhancing National Security by Strengthening the Legal Immigration System
"One of the biggest challenges the U.S. contends with is how foreign nationals are using the legal immigration system to embed themselves in the country. While not every person who commits immigration fraud is a terrorist, those who intend to do this country harm will likely engage in some form of immigration fraud or seek to evade immigration laws in order to gain admission into or remain in this country in an immigration status. Since the September 11, 2001 attacks, the reality that foreign terrorists seek to exploit loopholes in the international travel system to facilitate the planning and implementation of attacks has become clearer. This thesis explores the interconnected relationship between immigration and terrorism. It will illustrate how border security can be strengthened if terrorists' access to immigration benefits is denied. In order to ascertain how terrorist have been able to successfully manipulate the immigration system and avoid detection, this study analyzes the immigration histories of terrorists involved in four case studies. This analysis shows that rather than focus on one benefit category or manner of entry, terrorists will utilize all means available in order to gain admission into or remain in the country. The recommendations provided based on this analysis focus on all facets of the immigration system and apply a holistic approach to immigration reform."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Lee, Danielle
2009-12
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Trump Administration's Family Separation Policy: Trauma, Destruction, and Chaos: Majority Staff Report, Committee on the Judiciary, U.S. House of Representatives
From the Executive Summary: "When the American people recall the Trump Administration's abhorrent 'family separation' policy--more commonly known as 'family separation'--most think of that short period of time in May and June of 2018 when thousands of children were separated from their parents after crossing the southwest border. Public outrage at this cruel policy was swift and shared by Democrats and many Republicans alike. In a matter of weeks, the policy was enjoined by the courts and rescinded by an executive order--flawed in its own right--setting off a mad scramble by government agencies to return children to their parents. Today, after years of investigation and analysis, it is clear that the Trump Administration's family separation policy lasted far longer than is commonly known. [...] On January 11, 2019, the House Committee on the Judiciary (hereinafter 'the Committee') launched an investigation into the Trump Administration's family separation policy, requesting that the Departments of Homeland Security (DHS), Justice (DOJ), and Health and Human Services (HHS) produce documents, materials, memoranda, and other information relating to this sad chapter in our nation's history. These primary source documents provided exclusively to the Committee, together with outside resources and government reports, chronicle the development of the family separation policy from February 2017 to November 2018. [...] Our examination of these documents allows us to provide the first complete narrative of the Trump Administration's inhumane family separation policy, in the Administration's own words. The investigation reveals a process marked by reckless incompetence and intentional cruelty."
United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary
2020-10
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Adaptive Manufacturing White Paper
From the Document: "Advancing digitally enabled, adaptive manufacturing technologies offer the opportunity for a new age in manufacturing with ubiquitous access to rapid prototyping, small scale production, self-assembling structures and a revolution in bioengineering through bioprinting. These systems and capabilities also present substantial risks offer a tempting target for cyber adversaries as well as the direct potential for misuse, through introduction of fatal flaws and vulnerabilities into manufactured items as well as the opportunity for adversaries to use these technologies to create illicit tools and weapons. [...] These diverse but interrelated technologies provide capabilities which, from the perspective of humanity only a short time ago, are bordering on the realm of the science fiction 'replicator.' These technologies are enabled by, and depend upon, the increasing capabilities and decreasing cost of advanced digital sensing, processing, data analysis, machine learning and communications integrated into cyber-physical systems (CPS). For the foreseeable future the United States public and private sectors will need to invest in these technologies to provide secure and adaptable production, supply chain management and distribution to achieve manufacturing competitiveness in global markets."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Science and Technology Directorate
Collie, Byron; Parker, Gerald W., Jr.; Haimes, Yacov Y. . . .
2017-03-10
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Inspection and Detection Technology Multi-Year Investment and Management Plan (FY 2016-FY 2021)
From the Executive Summary: "The U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) Inspection and Detection Technology Multi-Year Investment and Management Plan was prepared to satisfy a requirement in the Joint Explanatory Statement and Senate Report 114-68, which accompany the 'Fiscal Year' (FY) '2016 Department of Homeland Security' (DHS) 'Appropriations Act' (P.L. 114-113). The plan describes CBP's 5-year investment plan for Non-Intrusive Inspection (NII) technology. The plan covers FY 2016 - FY 2021 and is limited to CBP's large- and small-scale NII technology investment. [...] This plan is organized to provide background information of the plan, describe CBP's NII technology inventory inclusive of the age of the fleet, and describe the FY 2016 - FY 2017 funding and proposed procurement needs between FY 2016 - FY 2021. Values within this plan are based on available funds and current operational requirements."
U.S. Customs and Border Protection
2016-08-01
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Deportation of Parents of U.S.-Born Children: First Half, Calendar Year 2019 (Fiscal Year 2019 Report to Congress )
From the Document: "U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) is responsible for enforcing federal laws that govern border control, customs, trade, and immigration in order to promote homeland security and public safety. ICE Enforcement and Removal Operations (ERO) deportation officers enforce the Nation's immigration laws by identifying and arresting removable aliens; detaining, releasing on bond, or placing apprehended removable aliens on supervised release, including alternatives to detention as appropriate; and removing aliens from the United States. [...] During the reporting period, ICE sought orders of removal in the cases of 10,513 aliens who claimed to have at least one U.S.-born child. ICE obtained 4,104 final orders of removal for aliens who claimed to have at least one U.S.-born child. ICE removed 14,324 aliens who claimed to have at least one U.S.-born child."
U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
2020-04-13
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Future Years Homeland Security Program (FYHSP): Fiscal Years 2020-2024 Executive Summary (Fiscal Year 2019 Report to Congress)
From the Executive Summary: "This report incorporates the current Administration's priorities to improve DHS's capacity to enforce border security laws, as well as the ability to execute the other statutory and legislative requirements of the Department through its many operational and support Components. An overview of the Department's organizational and strategic structure is provided, including the operational and support offices, the programs that constitute each Component, and time-phased resource requirements aligned to the Department's Component structure and strategy."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of the Chief Financial Officer
2019-08-06
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Nature of the Boko Haram Security Crisis in the Lake Chad Basin
From the Thesis Abstract: "Boko Haram, a religious extremist organization opposed to western influences in the Nigerian society was created in 2002 in Bornu state by Mohammed Yusuf an extremist Muslim preacher. Due to an inappropriate management of this religious issue, the organization gained importance and rapidly came to control large territories in the North east of Nigeria, with active presence on Chadian, Cameroonian and Nigerien bordering regions. After almost a decade of fights, Boko Haram is still able to attack military bases, civilian populations and public services. The insecurity climate is real, despite important military efforts from these countries and partners. Therefore, the regional and national strategies implemented so far need to be assessed. The identification of the nature of Boko Haram in the Lake Chad region is the first step. This study has revealed Boko Haram is an insurgency in Nigeria, but is a security crisis that did not turned into an insurgency in Cameroon, Niger and Chad; This difference on the nature of threats induces a difference of approaches at the national and at the regional levels."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Amboh, Esaie Beng
2019-06-14
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Alliance Strikes Back: Using Multi Domain Operations to Counter Russian Hybrid Warfare in the Baltics
From the Thesis Abstract: "As a result of the space age and the Information Revolution, warfare is extending to new domains and being fought with new emerging technologies. Meanwhile, a resurgent Russia has been using hybrid warfare--a combination of non-violent subversion, covert violent action, and conventional military forces--to pursue its national interests outside of its borders. NATO's most acute challenge is how best to innovate and adapt in order to deliver collective security to the Baltic States. This paper will explore whether or not NATO should adopt the new U.S. Multi Domain Operations concept. This paper concludes that, while the Multi Domain Operations concept could counter, if not defeat, Russian hybrid warfare in the Baltics, that NATO should not adopt the concept because of low suitability. Of particular concern is the concept's lack of focus on preventing Russia using local populations as a tool of destabilization, the time it will likely take to penetrate Russian A2/AD [Anti Access/Area Denial] systems using the 'stimulate-see-strike' process, and the detrimental effect that synchronizing actions across domains could have on one of NATO's key overmatch capabilities--the Mission Command philosophy."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Stafford, Nicholas J.
2019-06-14
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Food Security in Asia and the Pacific Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic
From the Document: "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has heightened food security risks in Asia and the Pacific. Disruptions to domestic and international food supply chains-- caused as rising health risks led to major travel restrictions--have undermined food availability and accessibility. Domestically, disruptions in the upstream food supply chains have arisen from mobility restrictions and worker illnesses during planting and harvesting, in addition to hindered operations in processing, trucking, logistics, and trading. Losses of employment and income are also reducing food consumption, leaving vulnerable groups at risk of hunger and malnutrition. Basic food handouts are often limited and may not meet the nutritional needs of children and pregnant women. Internationally, border closures and export restrictions could imply limited availability and affordability of certain food items for countries that rely on imports."
Asian Development Bank
Kim, Kijin; Kim, Sunae; Park, Cyn-Young
2020-06
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China Deep Dive: 'A Report on the Intelligence Community's Capabilities and Competencies with Respect to the People's Republic of China' (Redacted)
From the Introduction: "For the first time in three decades the United States is confronted by the rise of a global competitor. How the United States Intelligence Community meets the challenge of China's arrival on the global stage, as well as the continued potential for highly disruptive transnational crises that originate within our competitors' borders, the profound technological change transforming societies and communication across the globe, and the international order's return to near-peer competition will have profound and long-lasting implications on our nation's continued security, economic prosperity, and ability to preserve America's democratic way of life."
United States. Congress. House. Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence
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Openness is as Important Now as it Has Ever Been
From the Document: "The COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic has shaken the world. Faced with the lack of medical treatment or a vaccine, nations around the globe have opted for the only remedy known against the easily communicable virus -namely, the adoption of social distancing measures that curtail its contagion. As the pandemic rolled from Wuhan, China, to other nations, international borders closed, quarantines were imposed on newcomers and, overall, international mobility came to a near-complete halt. In the United States, the President's announcement on restrictions placed on international arrivals from 26 countries on March 11, 2020,2 led to the State Department's suspension of exchange programs, which allow qualified foreign-nationals to participate in work- and study-based exchange visitor programs, for, at least, 60 days. Participants in these exchange visitor programs include foreign-born medical school graduates who complete their residency requirements and sub-specialty training in the United States prior to going back home for two years before they can return to the United States-usually through an H1-B or L-1 visa. [...] An important challenge in recovering from the pandemic will be fighting perceptions of immigrants as economic and security threats. And instead creating and maintaining an open economy that welcomes the international exchange of ideas that has characterized and fueled growth in the United States for decades."
Utah State University. Center for Growth and Opportunity
Amuedo-Dorantes, Catalina
2020-06
