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• United States Government Fact Sheet: Libya Complex Emergency [March 28, 2011]

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  "In mid-February, following civilian demonstrations in Tunisia and Egypt, the people of Libya began protesting against the Muammar Gaddafi-led Libyan government. As unrest rapidly spread throughout the country, Libyan security forces under the authority of Muammar Gaddafi began responding to protesting crowds with increasing violence. Ongoing violence has resulted in large-scale population outflows, protection concerns, and global outcry from the international community regarding human rights violations. In response to the violence, the international community has imposed sanctions on the Libyan regime. In addition, on March 1, the U.N. General Assembly unanimously suspended Libya's membership in the U.N. Human Rights Council. The resolution was adopted by consensus in the 192-nation U.N. General Assembly. On March 2, U.S. Ambassador to Tunisia Gordon Gray declared a disaster due to increasing humanitarian needs on the Tunisia--Libya border. In response, USAID/OFDA provided $50,000 through the U.S. Embassy in Tunis to the Tunisia Red Crescent (TRC) for medical care, shelter, blankets, and other emergency assistance."

  United States. Agency for International Development

  2011-03-28
• United States Government Fact Sheet: Complex Emergency in Libya

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  "In mid-February, following civilian demonstrations in Tunisia and Egypt, the people of Libya began protesting against the Muammar Gaddafi-led Libyan government. As unrest rapidly spread throughout the country, Libyan security forces under the authority of Muammar Gaddafi began responding to protesting crowds with increasing violence. Ongoing violence has resulted in large-scale population outflows, protection concerns, and global outcry from the international community regarding human rights violations. In response to the violence, the international community has imposed sanctions on the Libyan regime. In addition, on March 1, the U.N. General Assembly unanimously suspended Libya's membership in the U.N. Human Rights Council. The resolution was adopted by consensus in the 192-nation U.N. General Assembly. On March 2, U.S. Ambassador to Tunisia Gordon Gray declared a disaster due to increasing humanitarian needs on the Tunisia--Libya border. In response, USAID/OFDA provided $50,000 through the U.S. Embassy in Tunis to the Tunisia Red Crescent (TRC) for medical care, shelter, blankets, and other emergency assistance."

  United States. Agency for International Development

  2011-03-14
• Keynote Address: 2014 Gulf of Aden Regional Counterterrorism Forum

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  The following is from the Ms. Geeta Pasi's keynote address at the 2014 Gulf of Aden Regional Counterterrorism Forum held in Djibouti on February 3, 2014: "Good morning. I'd like to thank the Government of Djibouti for hosting this conference in Djibouti and the U.S. State Department's Counterterrorism Bureau for funding and organizing the conference. I would also like to thank Ms. Mako Hassan and everyone at ATTA [African Travel and Tourism Association] for doing such an outstanding job of getting all the participants here and for helping to facilitate this forum. This forum -- and forums like it -- are increasingly important as they enable the building of relationships and enhance a shared understanding of best practices as we all work together to achieve our collective goals -- a transnational response to a transnational threat. The Gulf of Aden Regional Counterterrorism Forum, which first convened in Sana'a, Yemen last April, was created out of an understanding of the common threat across the borders of those represented here today. This week's forum comes at a pivotal time. We've made progress with our collective strategic counterterrorism efforts, but a great deal of work remains to be done. The preeminent security threat to the United States continues to be from al-Qa'ida and its affiliates and adherents around the world. As we work to counter this threat over the long term, the United States is committed to helping build partner nation capabilities and to working with our partners to counter the murderous ideology that continues to incite indiscriminate violence around the world. Defeating a terrorist network requires us to work together to disrupt criminal and terrorist financial networks, strengthen rule of law institutions while respecting human rights, address recruitment, and eliminate the safe havens that protect and facilitate this activity. We need to take on violent extremist ideology and diminish its appeal."

  United States. Department of State

  Pasi, Geeta

  2014-02-03
• China's Military Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Industry

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  The following are the "key judgments" of the report: "China's unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) industry is diversifying and expanding, though scant publicly available information on state-owned UAV producers limits a detailed understanding of the industry. The dual-use nature of the technology has led to significant crossover across academia, the People's Liberation Army (PLA), state-owned defense enterprises, and the private sector. […] The PLA primarily uses UAVs for intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) missions and communications relay, but likely is developing and operating UAVs for electronic warfare (EW) and lethal missions as well. Furthermore, China increasingly is incorporating UAVs into non-defense missions, such as border security, maritime surveillance, and humanitarian assistance/disaster relief. […] Chinese defense firms -- state-owned, university-based, and private -- have publicized the development of armed UAVs and unmanned combat aerial vehicles (UCAVs). The PLA appears to have a requirement for both types of systems, though the status of these programs is unknown. […] Surging domestic and international market demand for UAVs, from both military and civilian customers, will continue to buoy growth of the Chinese industry. Chinese defense firms do not face the same export restrictions as top UAV-exporting countries, such as the United States and Israel. As a result, China could become a key UAV proliferator, particularly to developing countries."

  U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission

  Hsu, Kimberly

  2013-06-13
• Examining Ongoing Conflict in Eastern Congo: Hearing Before the United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, Subcommittee on African Affairs, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, First Session, April 16, 2013

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  This testimony compilation is from the April 16, 2013 hearing, "Examining Ongoing Conflict in Eastern Congo," before the U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, Subcommittee on African Affairs. From the opening statement of John Prendergast: "There now exists a better chance for peace in eastern Congo than at any time since the current deadly cycle of conflict began in the mid-1990s. A number of variables contribute to this unique opportunity. First, following the Dodd-Frank conflict minerals legislation, consumer pressure, and resulting market adjustments, the economic incentives of the warring parties are starting to shift away from illicit violent profiteering to legitimate trade. Just like with the blood diamonds saga, the profit incentive is shifting from war to peace. Second, donor and World Bank pressure on Rwanda for alleged cross-border support for the M23 rebel group has weakened that group, and rising calls for accountability for war crimes helped pave the way for the surrender of one of Congo's worst warlords, Bosco Ntaganda. Third, the International Monetary Fund's refusal to renew aid to Congo until reforms are enacted provides a window to finally address critical governance issues within Congo. Fourth, the new 'Peace, Security and Cooperation Framework for the Democratic Republic of Congo and the Region', signed by United Nations Secretary-General Ban Kimoon and 11 African heads of state in February, provides a foundation upon which a sustained peace process, led by African partners and the United Nations, can be operationalized. Fifth, the recent appointment of Mary Robinson as the new U.N. envoy, combined with the hoped-for naming of a significant U.S. Special Envoy, will provide a major external boost to African regional peace efforts." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Christopher A. Coons, John Prendergast, Mvemba Dizolele, Ferdinand Muhigirwa, and Federico Borello.

  United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations

  2013-04-16
• What Strategy Should Bulgaria Pursue to Track and Disrupt Terror Networks in the Balkans?

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  From the thesis abstract: "After the political regime in the former Yugoslavia collapsed at the beginning of the 1990s, followed by the ethnic civil wars in Bosnia and Kosovo, the Balkans turned into an arena for the spread of Islamic fundamentalism and terrorism. As a result, the region has posed a potential threat within Europe's borders and beyond. In 2012, Bulgaria became the target of a terrorist attack. Although the attack was directed against Israeli interests, the event revealed a breach in Bulgaria's national security. The purpose of this thesis is to illustrate how Bulgaria could develop a strategy to protect itself from such terrorist threats. Since this thesis relies on open-source historical data, rather than current information, its value-added contribution is the process it demonstrates for collecting and analyzing data, as opposed to recommending a particular strategy."

  Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)

  Rusev, Nikolay R.

  2014-03
• Soviet Union, Iran and Pakistan in the 1990's: Security Implications for the United States

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  "The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, a Muslim, nonaligned Third World buffer state located on the Soviet border but outside the core zone of Soviet security, may mark a watershed in Soviet policy toward Iran or Pakistan. The western dependence on Persian Gulf oil, the severe internal challenges which will face Iran and Pakistan in the 1990's, and the possibility of rising Soviet challenges and threats will require an unprecedented US/allied response."

  Army War College (U.S.). Strategic Studies Institute

  Darius, Robert G.

  1980-11-07
• Iraq Status Report, January 13, 2010

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  Iraq Status Report, January 13, 2010. Table of Contents includes; Political Issues: Governance & Legislation. Security Issues: Situation Update. Economic Issues: Oil, Fiscal and Monetary Affairs, Private Sector, and Public Services-Electricity. Diplomatic Issues: Political Engagement. Beyond Baghdad. Highlights include; "COR Appoints New Deputy Prime Minister", "Baghdad Locked Down after Car-Bomb Threats", "Iraq Joins Transparency Initiative to Fight Corruption in Oil Sector", "Iraq and Iran are to Begin Border Demarcation Talks".

  United States. Department of State

  2010-01-13
• United States Strategy to Defeat The Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant, Hearing Before the U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, One Hundred and Thirteenth Congress, Second Session, September 17, 2014

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  This is the September 17, 2014 hearing testimony on 'United States Strategy to Defeat the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant.' The following is taken from the opening statement of John F. Kerry: "During the years I had the privilege of serving here, working with different Administrations, it always struck me that American foreign policy works best when there's a genuine discussion, a dialogue, a vetting of ideas back and forth between Congress and the executive branch. So I want to make sure that by the time we're done here today, I've heard from you, you've shared your views and ideas, and that you also have a clear understanding of what we've done so far, what we're doing now, and where we go next -- because your input and your support are absolutely critical to the success of this effort. […] Early this summer, the ISIL [Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant] threat accelerated when it effectively erased the Iraq-Syria border and the Mosul Dam fell. The President acted deliberately and decisively. We further surged our ISR missions over Iraq. We immediately set up joint operation centers in Baghdad and Erbil. And our special forces conducted a very detailed field assessment of Iraqi Security Forces and Kurdish forces. […] The fact is that, if we do this right, then this effort could become a global model for isolating and undermining other extremist threats around the world. But now we must be laser focused on ISIL. And I'm confident that, with our strategy in place and our international partners by our side, we will have all that we need to succeed in degrading and ultimately destroying this monstrous organization -- wherever it exists." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: John F. Kerry, Robert S. Ford, and Ben Connable.

  United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations

  2014-09-17
• President Obama Speaks at the Summit on Countering Violent Extremism, February 19, 2015 [video]

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  This is a video of President Barack Obama's address at the White House Summit on Countering Violent Extremism held on February 18, 2015. The president touched on international cooperation to counter extremism, border security to prevent foreign fighters from joining extremist groups, and factors that helped paved the way for the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) and Boko Haram. His key points included the following: (1) combining the efforts of civil, religious, and political leaders to reject sectarian differences; (2) countering ideologies, such as ISIL's use of Islam to justify their violence; (3) addressing the grievances that terrorists exploit as recruiting tools including poverty, corruption, education (especially for female youth), injustice, disorder, and instability; (4) addressing the political grievances that terrorists exploit as recruiting tools including oppression, denial of human rights, denial of the democratic process, and freedom of religion; and (5) ensuring freedom of religion and ethnicity in order to avoid ostracizing members of the community and making them a target for extremist recruitment. John Kerry introduces the president at the 25:07 mark, and the president begins his speech at the 27:35 mark.

  United States. White House Office

  Obama, Barack; Kerry, John, 1943-

  2015-02-19
• S. Hrg. 114-15: U.S. Arctic Opportunites, Hearing Before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, First Session, March 5, 2015

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  This is the March 5, 2015 hearing "U.S. Arctic Opportunities" held before the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. From the opening statement of Chairman Lisa Murkowski: "The people of the Arctic, their lives depend on knowing what will happen with the weather. Being able to predict whether it is safe to go out on the ice, anticipating winter, anticipating the seasons. There is an awareness, I think, of the people of the Arctic about the land and their surroundings that perhaps we don't see in most places in the United States anymore because the people of the North depend on their land. I have been asked why it should be the Energy Committee that would have a full committee meeting on the Arctic, but I've pointed out that so much of America's Arctic land, of course within Alaska's sizeable borders, is federal land and that's where the nexus is with this Committee. That's why I wanted to invite the Committee to take a look at what I am describing as the Arctic opportunity that is before America and before the world today. It is economic opportunity. It is scientific opportunity. It is environmental opportunity. National security opportunities, and really opportunities for the nation as a whole from, quite literally, a 'top of the world' point of view." Statements, letters, and other materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Robert J. Papp, Bob Herron, Lesil McGuire, Charlotte Brower, Cecilia Bitz, and Patrick R. Arnold.

  United States. Government Publishing Office

  2015
• Serial No. 114-56: Israel Imperiled: Threats to the Jewish State, Joint Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Terrorism, Nonproliferation, and Trade and the Subcommittee on the Middle East and North Africa of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, Second Session, April 19, 2015

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  This is the April 19, 2015 hearing on "Israel Imperiled: Threats to the Jewish State" held before the House Subcommittee on Terrorism, Nonproliferation, and Trade and the Subcommittee on the Middle East and North Africa. From the opening statement of Ted Poe: "The state of Israel has always been surrounded by threats since its existence--threats by nations and terror groups that hate Israel because it is a Jewish state. The goal of these haters has been to eliminate the state of Israel, an aggression started as soon as Israel became an established state. Arab armies amassed on its borders to destroy it. But yet, Israel has continued to exist in the face of suicide bombers and terrorist onslaughts like no country in history. Most recently, 16 people in a bus were wounded yesterday in a bus bombing in Jerusalem, reminiscent of the wave of Palestinian suicide bombings that claimed so many lives a decade ago. In recent years, the threats to Israel have increased and become even more dangerous. The volatile situation in Syria and its transformation into a full blown terrorist haven directly threatens Israel's security." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Michael Rubin, Jonathan Schanzer, David Makovsky, and Tamara Cofman Wittes.

  United States. Government Publishing Office

  2016
• Antiquities Destruction and Illicit Sales as Sources of ISIS Funding and Propaganda

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  The United States is currently a leading player in the military coalition waging war against the Islamic State Organization (often called by its older name of the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham or ISIS) in Iraq and Syria. […] An important part of this strategy is to disrupt, reduce, and if possible, eliminate major sources of ISIS revenue, thereby hollowing out the organization from the inside while it is under pressure. […] [A] less well-known source of funding is the sale of stolen archeological treasures, which is one of ISIS's outrages against world heritage (although other groups in both Iraq and Syria are also involved in antiquities looting on a lesser scale). ISIS crimes against important archeological sites and museums in Iraq and Syria include the destruction of cherished world heritage treasures and the illicit sale of many easily transportable objects. The destruction of such sites has emerged as an important ISIS propaganda and recruiting tool, while the unlawful sale of such objects (and some extremely high quality fakes) contributes significantly to ISIS finances. […] Smuggling small, but extremely valuable items, such as ancient coins, jewelry, glass, statuettes, and other such items, is inherently easier than moving tanker trucks filled with oil across the international borders, and will become particularly important in the effort to keep ISIS alive and relevant as other sources of revenue are eliminated or interdicted. […] Under these circumstances, preventing antiquities from falling into ISIS hands or being sold for significant sums of money has become an international security issue as well as a cultural and moral necessity for the world.

  Army War College (U.S.). Strategic Studies Institute

  Terrill, W. Andrew

  2017-04-03
• Intellectual Property Rights Violations: A Report on Threats to United States Interests at Home and Abroad

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  "To effectively protect American IP [intellectual property], the United States government must understand the myriad threats posed by IP theft. To further this understanding, the National Intellectual Property Rights Coordination Center (IPR Center) analyzed the global threat to United States interests from criminal IPR violations. This analysis examines the nature of the threat, its magnitude, the types of offenders committing these offenses, and its source. It analyzes the many detrimental effects of IP theft, including the danger to the public's health and safety, economic losses to rights holders and the government, the undermining of America's national security, and the potential funding of organized crime and terrorist organizations. It also focuses on selected industries because of their significance related to these interests, including aircraft parts, content piracy, electronics, luxury goods, and pharmaceuticals. Finally, because of their overall significance in the threat picture, it focuses on the threat from offenders in China, India, Russia, the tri-border area of South America (TBA), and the United States. This analysis is not intended to be exhaustive but rather characterize the threat with sufficient specificity to guide the law enforcement response."

  IPR Center (U.S.)

  2011-11
• Indonesia's Relations with the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and United States

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  From the thesis abstract: "The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) has successfully withstood challenges in the international security arena since its establishment in 2001. It has made notable progress, especially in avoiding the use of force to settle border disputes. Nevertheless, the diplomatic, military and economic gap between China, Russia and the rest of SCO members is very wide and has created suspicion that the SCO is only a Sino-Russian led alliance against U.S. interests in Central Asia. When Indonesia's relations with the U.S. soured, SCO members (China and Russia) began replacing the U.S. as a source of arms. The relationship between Indonesia and the SCO members has been reestablished since the end of cold war, while Indonesia-U.S. relations have deteriorated. At the same time, the post-Suharto era Indonesia is facing separatism, Islamic extremism and political turbulence. The Indonesian military, once a powerful political element, has to learn to live under civilian control. However, military reforms are progressing slowly because of the internal military culture and politicians who keep dragging the military back into politics. Against these back drops, what is the impact of U.S. policy toward Indonesia and what tools can be used to improve the chances of achieving long-term U.S. interests?"

  Army War College (U.S.)

  Mulyono, Imam Edy

  2008-03-25
• Strategic Detention and Intelligence Operations: GTMO is the Answer

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  From the thesis abstract: "Since its opening in 2002, the Joint Detention Facility located at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba (GTMO) has energized a significant amount of political debate, in and outside the United States government, and around the world, as to whether or not the facility hinders United States foreign policy. The President has stated publicly he desires to 'close the place down.' However, the fact remains the United States and other western nations are in for a 'long war' against terrorists and terrorist organizations. With that, in spite of the political debate as to its actual location, the US government must have a detention facility that provides a safe, secure, and humane environment to hold detainees captured outside of US borders and one that facilitates strategic intelligence collection until such time a decision is made to outright release those captured; release them to their country of origin or release them to a third party country. Additionally, the US needs a confinement facility to provide for long term confinement if detainees are actually found guilty before a Military Commission as outlined in the Military Commissions Act of 2006. GTMO was the correct choice in 2002 and remains the logical place to conduct these tasks today."

  Army War College (U.S.)

  Dennis, Wade F.

  2008-03-25
• Strategic Insights: Fragile States Cannot Be Fixed With State-Building

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  "The problem with the way the international community thinks about and responds to fragile states is not that we do not understand 'fragility,' its causes, and its cures, but that we think of them as 'states,' as coherent units of analysis. As a result of this strategic level mistake, efforts to build state capacity to contain violence and reduce poverty are at least as likely to destabilize the country as they are to help. The U.S. military should consider the destabilizing potential of its efforts to build capacity, train and equip security forces, and provide support to diplomacy and development when its partners and beneficiaries are officials of fragile states. State formation has always been an exceedingly bloody endeavor. Most stable countries worthy of the term 'state' that are stable, including wealthy, Western, liberal, or democratic nation-states, came into being through complicated social processes, including war, ethnic cleansing, or genocide. That violence was followed by an institutionalization of the values and social priorities of the victors, combined with some degree of accommodation for the vanquished across and within the new state's borders. State formation, in other words, has always been a matter of violent exclusion followed by pragmatic inclusion. In all successful states today, those processes have resulted in stable formal political systems, with a significant degree of internal consensus over how those systems should be governed."

  Army War College (U.S.). Strategic Studies Institute

  Lamb, Robert D.

  2015-07-27
• Operation Jump Start

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  This fact sheet briefly outlines Operation Jump Start, a mission meant to improve U.S. border security through the use of the National Guard.

  U.S. Customs and Border Protection

  2006-01-01?
• Terror Threat Snapshot [June 2016]

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  From the press release, "WASHINGTON, D.C. -- The 'June Terror Threat Snapshot' was released today by Homeland Security Committee Chairman Michael McCaul (R-TX). The 'snapshot' is a monthly Committee assessment of the growing threat America, the West, and the world face from ISIS [Islamic State in Iraq and Syria] and other Islamist terrorists. [...] Key takeaways in this month's 'Terror Threat Snapshot': ISIS and its global affiliates pose a persistent threat, including here in the U.S. where authorities are investigating more than 800 ISIS-linked cases; ISIS and al Qaeda maintain safe havens from where they can recruit, train, and deploy operatives to launch attacks in the West; Waves of dangerous foreign fighters are returning home from Syria and Iraq, particularly to Europe, where Islamist terror operatives have infiltrated borders by posing as refugees; A terrorist whom President Obama released from Guantanamo in 2012 has assumed an increasingly prominent role with al Qaeda's affiliate in Yemen, highlighting the threat of recidivism among former detainees; and the Iranian regime's support for terror continues unabated, including in Syria where its intervention empowers ISIS and al Qaeda."

  United States. Congress. House. Committee on Homeland Security

  2016-06
• Testimony of Jayson Ahern Before the House Committee on Homeland Security on Project 28: Lessons Learned and the Future of SBInet

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  Jaysen Ahern, Deputy Commissioner of US Customs and Border Protection, gave this statement before the House Committee of Homeland Security regarding the technological improvements and challenges facing the SBInet initiative. Details about Project 28, Boeing's prototype demonstration, are given as well.

  U.S. Customs and Border Protection

  2008-05-06?
• Serial No. 113-1: The Rebalance to Asia: Why South Asia Matters (Part I), Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, Second Session, February 26, 2013

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  This is the February 26, 2013 hearing on "The Rebalance to Asia: Why South Asia Matters (Part I)," held before the U.S. House of Representatives Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. From the opening statement of Steve Chabot: "In November 2011, the Obama administration detailed its plan to strengthen American engagement and leadership in the Asia-Pacific region in order to improve regional security, promote U.S. values, and increase economic prosperity. This strategic rebalance toward Asia is also viewed by many as an attempt by the United States to address the growing political and military influences of China. Examining the administration's efforts to create a more integrated approach to the region over the past 2 years, much of the focus has been on East Asia and Southeast Asia. We see this through the improved military relations with Philippines, South Korea, and Japan; the opening of a Marine base in Darwin, Australia; and the positioning of littoral combat ships in Singapore. We also witnessed this in Burma following the opening of its borders to the world and its pursuit of democratic reforms in which the United States has played a key role; and also in the ongoing Trans- Pacific Partnership Agreement negotiations that aim to create a high standard free trade agreement linking the Asia-Pacific region. While there have been successes, it seems many of the priorities and goals described in the ''pivot'' are more ambitious rhetoric than detailed plans describing how to achieve long-term sustainable results. And one area that we see a disparity in is a subregion that has been largely neglected from the rebalance strategy that is South Asia." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Robert O. Blake, Joseph Y. Yun, and Eni F.H. Faleomavaega.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2013
• Confronting Terrorism in Latin America: Latin America and United States Policy Implications

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  "This article argues that an effective guide to anti-terrorist policy formulation in Latin America should be done on a common, clear, and prospective strategy...Another aspect of major importance is the use of a multilateral approach based on regional consensus as a fundamental requirement to achieve the entire political support among all the countries in the region to effectively combat the threat of terrorism in the Western Hemisphere. This article has been developed in two main parts: the first part presents an overview of the historical evolution of terrorism, in order to understand the nature of this subject, with special focus on analysis of contemporary political terrorism in Latin America. It outlines some major problems in defining terrorism, analytical framework of terrorism, some selected problems in the response to terrorism, and some of the major policy options in democratic societies. The second part of this article takes into account the new U.S. National Security Strategy, particularly after September 11, 2001. It outlines status of terrorism in Latin America today, including such organization as Shining Path in Peru, FARC, ELN and AUC in Colombia, the Tri-border area of South America, as well as the strategic effects of the Iraq conflict in the region. It concludes by dealing with what should be the most important aspects that need to be taken into consideration in getting a U.S.-Latin America strategy and organization that can establish, enforce, and continually refine a holistic political-military plan and generate consistent national and international support." - from Introduction

  William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies

  Saavedra, Boris

  2003
• Country Reports on Terrorism 2017

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  "The United States and our international partners made major strides to defeat and degrade international terrorist organizations in 2017. [...] Despite our successes, the terrorist landscape grew more complex in 2017. [...] In 2017, the United States led efforts to enhance the international community's law enforcement and other civilian capabilities that are increasingly essential in the next phase of global counterterrorism. [...] In addition, throughout 2017, the State Department led bilateral diplomatic efforts with key countries to improve border and aviation security and information sharing. [...] 'Country Reports on Terrorism 2017' provides a [...] detailed review of last year's successes and challenges so we can consider how to strengthen our counterterrorism efforts going forward. As we look to the rest of 2018 and beyond, the United States remains committed to working with our allies and partners to confront the shared threat of global terrorism."

  United States. Department of State. Bureau of Counterterrorism

  2018-09
• CBO Estimate of S. 2648, the Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2014, as Introduced in the Senate on July 23, 2014

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  This Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate of S. 2648, the Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2014, contains a spreadsheet of numerical data that depicts the Budget Authority and Estimated Outlays of various U.S. Departments for the Southwest Border Crisis, Wildland Fire Management, and Department of Defense Procurement, Defense-wide. The U.S. Departments detailed in this Congressional Budget Cost Estimate include the following: the Department of Justice, the Department of Homeland Security, the Department of Health and Human Services, the Department of State, the Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, and the Department of Defense. The data, in millions of dollars, is defined between fiscal years 2014 and 2024.

  United States. Congressional Budget Office

  2014-07-24
• Israel's Wars in Lebanon, 1982-2006: An Ends/Means Mismatch

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  From the thesis abstract: "The Israeli government failed to heed the lessons of Operation Peace for Galilee, its unsuccessful 1982 invasion, when it made the decision to invade Lebanon in 2006 and established political goals that could not be accomplished through the military means applied. Israel's wars with Lebanon, analyzed within the context of Clausewitz's determination that war is subordinate to the political goals of the government, identification of centers of gravity, strategic theory and risk assessment, clearly indicates an application by Israel of political ends using inadequate military means. In both wars Israel's goals included the removal or destruction of a non-state actor from southern Lebanon and the establishment of a government friendly to Israel and capable of securing its borders. In neither case did Israel commit sufficient military power to meet its policy goals, yet Israel failed also to conduct an adequate risk assessment that would identify the high likelihood of failure and seek to adjust the means, ways or goals of either campaign. By failing to heed the lessons of the 1982 invasion on the limitations of military force and the necessity of conducting a realistic assessment of the risks involved, Israel committed many of the--same mistakes in its 2006 invasion. These mistakes, coupled with an over-reliance on airpower, the adoption of a new, untried system of command and control, and the reduced combat effectiveness of the Israeli Army due to a focus on counterinsurgent/terrorist operations in the occupied territories vice training for conventional war, led to a defeat of the IDF [Israel Defense Forces] at the hands of Hezbollah."

  Marine Corps Command and Staff College (U.S.)

  Casais, Kenneth W.

  2009
• European Missile Defense - Issues and Options

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  "The NATO reaction to the September 11 terrorist attacks on the United States underscores the heightened European recognition of threats to Western security originating from beyond the borders of member nations. Nonetheless the European Allies remain wary of plans to extend missile defenses to their continent. In trying to change attitudes toward missile defense within NATO the administration will need to consider European interests and political and economic realities. The United States should not try to force missile defense on Europe. Nor should this issue be viewed as an exclusively NATO project or a test of Allied fealty. At the same time the Allies need to face the potentially damaging consequences of remaining vulnerable to ballistic missile attack while the United States builds defenses against such a threat. Hammering out a responsible NATO missile defense policy will be far more difficult if the transatlantic debate becomes polarized between those who believe Europe will never agree to missile defenses and those who argue that the continent must be protected regardless of its own wishes."

  National Defense University. Institute for National Strategic Studies

  Sokolsky, Richard

  2002
• Future Years Homeland Security Program (FYHSP) Fiscal Years 2018-2022: Executive Summary, Fiscal Year 2017 Report to Congress

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  From the executive summary: "This report incorporates the current Administration's priorities to improve DHS's capacity to enforce border security laws. An overview of the Department's organizational and strategic structure is provided, including the operational and support offices, the programs that constitute each Component, and time-phased resource requirements aligned to Component structure and strategy. In addition, there is a For Official Use Only appendix to this report that provides a more detailed view of resource allocation and strategic alignment at the Component level, performance information, and a summary of major acquisition programs with a discussion of acquisition affordability."

  United States. Department of Homeland Security

  2017-09-01
• Panama: Operational Lessons from a Successful Regime Change

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  "It is relevant to study Operation Just Cause, the liberation of Panama, because the goal of that operation was essentially identical to that of the current operation in Iraq, namely, to depose a dictator and help the country become free, prosperous, and secure. It also is relevant because in Panama, U.S. forces achieved strategic and operational objectives with relatively low costs in terms of time, blood, and treasure. While the situation in Panama was clearly easier, strategy played a decisive role in that success. There are elements of that strategy that prove instructive for current operations in Iraq. The United States helped Panama gain its independence from Colombia in exchange for its acceptance of U.S. plans to build a canal. After the United States agreed to turn over the Canal to Panama, but before the transfer, Manuel Noriega took over the Panamanian Armed Forces and then overturned a democratic election to consolidate his control of the government. While Noriega tried to justify his actions through anti-U.S. nationalism, he was seen by many, if not most, Panamanians as a gangster. As the scope of his corruption became clear and his attacks on Americans became extreme, the United States decided to act. It appears that adopting certain strategies used in Panama could make a positive difference in Iraq. These strategies are as follows: (1) war game alternative COAs [Course of Action] to help identify alternatives before investing in potentially harmful strategies; (2) limit outside support by not provoking intervention and sealing borders; (3) protect friends and key infrastructure by creating a prioritized protected assets list; (4) win the legitimacy fight by simultaneously emphasizing the legitimacy of democratic representatives and institutions and emphasizing the illegitimacy of adversaries; and (5) continue to war game branches and sequels even as the campaign plan is executed, updating it to depict new realities and new enemy innovations."

  Air University (U.S.). Air Command and Staff College

  Caffrey, Matthew

  2005
• Selected Principles of War as They Apply to Counterdrug Operations

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  From a doctrinal perspective the Department of Defense has two distinct sets of principles for conducting operations, one for war and one for operations other than war. It is Cook's contention that in order to win the "War on Drugs" we need to apply a hybrid set of principles. He feels that the principles of unity of command, objective, offensive, surprise, security, and perseverance have the most utility in this war. This thesis will look at the historical background of the "War on Drugs", how it is currently being fought, and, with the application of this hybrid set of principles, how we can improve our counterdrug operations. Cook's thesis and recommendations will focus on the operational level of war with specific attention being paid to America's southwest border.

  Naval War College (U.S.). Joint Military Operations Department

  Cook, Edward R.

  1999-05-17
• Intellectual Property Rights: Fiscal Year 2017 Seizure Statistics

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  From the Document: "Products that infringe U.S. trademarks and copyrights or are subject to exclusion orders issued by the United States International Trade Commission, threaten the health and safety of American consumers and pose risks to our national interests. Enforcement of intellectual property rights (IPR) by U.S. Customs and Border Protection and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), Homeland Security Investigations (HSI) mitigates the financial and welfare risks posed by imports of such illicit products. In Fiscal Year (FY) 2017, the number of IPR seizures increased 8 percent to 34,143 from 31,560 in FY 2016. The total estimated manufacturer's suggested retail price (MSRP) of the seized goods, had they been genuine, decreased to $1,206,382,219 from $1,382,903,001 in FY 2016. In FY 2017, ICE-HSI arrested 457 individuals, obtained 288 indictments, and received 240 convictions related to intellectual property crimes."

  United States. Department of Homeland Security; U.S. Customs and Border Protection. Office of Trade

  2018-02-26?