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How to Stop the Bear: Strategy of Small States
"Keeping in mind limited resources available to weak states, and overwhelming misbalances of power, this study looks for an optimal strategy of a small and weak state that increases prospects of protracting the war, decreases the utility of the aggressor's military capabilities, and threatens to deny an aggressor his political objectives. This thesis concentrates on weak states deterrence strategy. Weak and small states with defensive national security goals but inadequate military strength have always preferred deterrence to fighting. The essence of deterrence is to persuade an actual or potential adversary that they are better off taking different rather actions than fighting. Deterrence succeeds where the potential adversary is persuaded to believe that his planned actions will fail, or that any military action would be result in dire consequences, hence asserting that he is better off not attacking. According to Arreguín-Toft (2009) in order to succeed, the materially weaker side needs (1) social support, (2) sanctuary (either physical, such as tough terrain, or political, such as a weakly defended interstate border), (3) an idea capable of making self-sacrifice seem both necessary and noble (e.g., nationalism), and (4) a strategy capable of tying all three advantages into a single effort. With these four assets, weaker opponents can delay, effectively denying their nominally stronger adversaries the ability to use their advantages in technology, materiel, and numbers to obtain expected political objectives; imposing sufficient costs to force strong opponents to reconsider the expected benefits of victory."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Chikovani, Lela
2010-12
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Customs and Border Protection's Implementation of the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative at Land Ports of Entry
This Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Office of Inspector General (OIG) report "addresses Customs and Border Protection's [CBP] implementation of the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative [WHTI] at land ports of entry and actions needed to be better prepared to fully enforce the new document requirement. It is based on interviews with employees and officials of relevant agencies and institutions, direct observations, and a review of applicable documents." According to the audit, "CBP is not prepared to fully enforce the WHTI document requirement at land ports of entry" and it has "also has not finalized the operating procedures its officers will use to process noncompliant travelers under full enforcement including the conditions requiring travelers be sent to secondary inspection areas, and the minimum inspection requirements and detailed steps needed to verify a noncompliant traveler's identity and citizenship."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of Inspector General
2010-11-29
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Russia's Counterproductive Counterterrorism, Hearing Before the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, First Session, June 12, 2019
This is the June 12, 2019 hearing on "Russia's Counterproductive Counterterrorism" before the U.S. Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE). From the opening statement of Richard Hudson, CSCE Commissioner, the hearing was convened to "examine the Kremlin's counterterrorism policies and practices, [...] to better understand what those practices are, how they developed over time, whether they're effective, and to what extent they dovetail, or not, with U.S. interests." According to the Commissioner's statement it is important for the U.S. to maintain a clear sense of Russian counterterrorism practices because "(1) Russia seeks to claim the mantle of leadership on this issue internationally [...] [and] (2) Russia's actions in this space have impact far beyond Russia's borders." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Mariya Y. Omelicheva, Rachel Denber, and Michael Carpenter.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2019
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CBP, ICE, TSA, and Secret Service Have Taken Steps to Address Illegal and Prescription Opioid Use
From the Document: "We determined that from fiscal years 2015 through 2018, in the midst of a growing opioid epidemic, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), Transportation Security Administration (TSA), and United States Secret Service (Secret Service) appropriately disciplined employees whose drug test results indicated illegal opioid use, based on their employee standards of conduct and tables of offenses and penalties. Additionally, during the same period, components either have implemented or are taking steps to evaluate whether employees using prescription opioids can effectively conduct their duties. For example, components established policies prohibiting the use of prescription opioids that may impact an employee's ability to work, in addition to requiring employees to report such prescription opioid use. Components have also implemented or are in the process of implementing measures to evaluate the fitness for duty of employees using prescription opioids. These policies establish consistent standards components can use to ensure they are allowing employees to use legally prescribed opioids, while also ensuring their workforce is capable of effectively performing their duties."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of Inspector General
2019-11-21
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China's Use of Power and Implications for the United States Military
From the Thesis Abstract: "Over the last two decades, with US military forces primarily focused on conflict in the Middle East, China's power projection proliferated from the Indo-Pacific region and spread Beijing's influence across all US geographic combatant command (COCOM) areas of responsibility (AORs). China's efforts put US national interests and security at risk and challenged the presence of US hard power resources in regions outside the sustainable operational reach of the People's Liberation Army (PLA). To fill the gap in the PLA's capabilities, China fostered relationships outside its immediate borders and challenged the Western-dominated status quo across the globe."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Schmidt II, Donald A.
2019-05-23
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Management Letter for U.S. Customs and Border Protection's FY 2010 Consolidated Financial Statements
This Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Office of Inspector General (OIG) audit report "presents the management letter for U.S. Customs and Border Protection's (CBP) FY [fiscal year] 2010 consolidated financial statements audit. It contains observations related to internal controls that were not required to be reported in the Independent Auditors' Report on the financial statements. The independent public accounting firm KPMG LLP (KPMG) conducted the audit of CBP's FY 2010 financial statements and prepared this management letter. Material weaknesses and other significant deficiencies were reported, as required, in KPMG's Independent Auditors' Report, dated January 25, 2011. KPMG is responsible for the attached management letter dated March 7, 2011, and the conclusions expressed in it. We do not express opinions on CBP's financial statements or internal control, or provide conclusions on compliance with laws and regulations."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of Inspector General
2011-03
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Winning the Invisible War: An Agricultural Pilot Plan for Afghanistan
"When this paper was undertaken in the summer of 2007, one of its purposes was to sound the alarm over Afghanistan and the critical need for comprehensive action across all sectors of society to prevent that country from becoming a failed state. The second purpose was to lay out the major areas that needed immediate attention, largely within the civil side of reconstruction and development. The third was to propose specific pilot plans for rejuvenating the agricultural sector. These plans were developed by experienced American farmers and other experts with long careers in government, agriculture, and development. The principle participants are co-authors. Now, six months later, it appears that the Bush administration and NATO [North Atlantic Treaty Organization] are taking that warning seriously. At least three studies are underway: one at Central Command; a second at the State Department; and a third at NATO. Those studies need not take much time to finish. The issues are clear. At the strategic level, what happens in Afghanistan and beyond its borders can have even greater long-term consequences than how the struggle to bring a measure of stability and order to Iraq turns out. Failure would be disastrous for the United States and the region. Afghanistan could again become a breeding ground for insurgency and terrorism, possibly worse than before the Taliban government was overthrown in 2001. The thriving drug trade also presents major national security and domestic criminal dangers. And what happens in Iraq, Iran, and Pakistan will influence and be influenced by conditions in Afghanistan."
National Defense University. Center for Technology and National Security Policy. Center for Complex Operations
Borcherdt, Edward; Carson, Austin; Kennefick, Frank
2008-03
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H. Doc. 116-46: Designation of Funding as an Emergency Requirement
From the Document: "In accordance with section 504 of the Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for Humanitarian Assistance and Security at the Southern Border Act, 2019 (H.R. 3401; the 'Act'), I hereby designate as emergency requirements all funding so designated by the Congress in the Act pursuant to section 251(b)(2)(A)(i) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, as outlined in the enclosed list of accounts. The details of this action are set forth in the enclosed memorandum from the Acting Director of the Office of Management and Budget."
United States. Government Publishing Office
Trump, Donald, 1946-
2019-07-02
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Contemporary Security and Defense Issues in the Caribbean
From the Foreword: "The Caribbean is often overshadowed by other problems in the Western Hemisphere. To some degree, this is understandable. Drug-fueled violence from organized crime and local gangs have made Central America and Mexico some of the most dangerous places in the world. Remnants of communist insurgents continue to plague Colombia and Peru. Corruption charges threaten to unseat the President of Brazil as they have in Guatemala. Warming temperatures threaten the potable water sources for millions in Peru, Colombia, and Bolivia. [...] The Perry Center has assembled a collection of essays regarding the contemporary security and defense challenges that face Caribbean nations. The essays examine a myriad of complex threats: corruption, loss of control of sovereign territory, organized crime activities, gangs, and drug trafficking. The essays also address problems that frequently don't generate as much attention as the violent activities of criminal groups: global warming, border disputes, and maritime boundaries."
William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies
Paterson, Patrick J.; Earle, Walter
2016-08
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Press Gaggle by Press Secretary Jay Carney Aboard Air Force One En Route El Paso, Texas [May 10, 2011]
In this May 10, 2011 press briefing, Press Secretary Jay Carney provides information and takes questions on President Obama's upcoming speech in Texas on immigration; security and patrol on the U.S. border; the U.S. debt; and U.S.-Pakistan counterterrorism cooperation in the wake of the killing of Osama bin Laden.
United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary
2011-05-10
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Environmental Assessment: Sierra Fire Protection District, Fire Station #36 (formerly #40) Thomas Creek
"Sierra Fire Protection District (District) has applied to the Department of Homeland Security's Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) for Federal financial assistance to construct the Thomas Creek Fire Station (proposed project) in Washoe County, Nevada. The assistance would be provided to the District as the grantee through the Assistance to the Fire Fighters Grant Program (EMW-2009-FC-01357). The proposal is for the District to build an 8,000 square foot fire station in a specific location to reduce response times to 65% of the District population. The current sixteen minute response time would be cut by 50% to less than eight minutes. The nearest District back up engine is currently twenty minutes away. This project would provide for faster initial response times and reduce the arrival of a back-up engine from twenty to less than eight minutes. Washoe County Nevada is located along the eastern slopes of the Sierra Nevada Mountains in Western Nevada. The county covers an area of 6,600 square miles in the northwest section of the state bordering California and Oregon, and has a population of over 420,000. The county seat is the City of Reno. Reno is located 448 miles north of Las Vegas. The Sierra Fire Protection District provides fire and paramedic service to a population of20,000 people living in a 214 square mile extreme fire danger wildland urban interface area along the eastern slope of the Sierra Nevada Mountains in Washoe County, Nevada. The new station would improve firefighter safety, structural fire and wildland interface response, as well as paramedic and emergency medical service to the most underserved section of the core area of the District. Response from the new station would provide for faster paramedic service, better support to neighboring jurisdictional fire and EMS [Emergency Medical Services] agencies automatic and mutual aid requests and improve overall community safety."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2011-01
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Remarks by the President in State of Union Address [January 25, 2011]
In this January 25, 2011 State of the Union Address, President Barack Obama presents an agenda to restore the nation's economy and "win the future." President Obama discusses the need to maintain America's leadership by out-innovating, out-educating, and out-building America's global competition. He also speaks of the need to reform the way government works and to take responsibility of the deficit. On national security, President Obama discusses the passage of the New START treaty, diplomatic efforts regarding Iran and North Korea, Iraq and Afghanistan, and the fight against al Qaeda and their affiliates. In regards to immigration, the President states the need to "protect our borders, enforce our laws and address the millions of undocumented workers who are now living in the shadows."
United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary
2011-01-25
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Privacy Impact Assessment for the Immigration Benefits Background Check Systems
"As part of its benefits adjudication process and as required by law, the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) conducts background checks on petitioners and applicants who seek certain immigration benefits. These background checks consist of four separate checks against systems within Department of Justice (DOJ), Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). In order to facilitate the collection and transmission of information necessary to complete background check processes, USCIS maintains five information technology electronic systems: the Fingerprint Masthead Notification System (FMNS), the Customer Identity Capture System (CICS), the FD-258 Tracking System - Mainframe (FD-258 MF), the Benefits Biometrics Support System (BBSS), and the Interagency Border Inspection System (IBIS) Manifest. USCIS is conducting this privacy impact assessment (PIA) because FMNS, CICS, FD-258 MF, BBSS, and IBIS Manifest collect, use, and share personally identifiable information (PII). This PIA replaces the previously published USCIS PIA for the 'Background Check Service (BCS)' which describes planned background check-related systems that were never implemented. Upon publication of this PIA, the BCS PIA will be retired."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Privacy Office
2010-11-05
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L-Band Wide Area Surveillance Radar Design Alternatives
"Wide area surveillance systems are becoming more important for border and homeland security, earth resources monitoring and mitigation of natural disasters such as floods and seismic activity. As the frequency spectrum is being utilized for communications and business networking, the available bandwidth for these important efforts is more difficult. Historically, airborne surveillance radars have been fielded at either UHF or S-Band for airborne vehicle detection, and at X-Band for surface vehicle imaging and moving target detection. This paper will examine the impact of new technologies on the design of L-Band surveillance radars that employ solid state active arrays, multiple phase center apertures and adaptive processing to enable fixed and moving target detection from air and space platforms. The operational advantage of the use of small apertures on business jets, medium apertures on high altitude platforms and very large apertures in space will be contrasted."
Air Force Research Laboratory (Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio)
Davis, Mark E.; Himed, Braham
2005-04-14
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JTF - WMD Elimination: An Operational Architecture for Future Contingencies
"When the U.S. military initiated the attack into Iraq to begin OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM (OIF) in the spring of 2003, one of the main objectives was to find, exploit and eliminate Iraq's Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) program and capabilities. However, as forces sped north across the Kuwaiti border, they did so with an ad hoc organization that was hastily assembled and marginally trained to accomplish this task. Despite having approximately 1.5 million men and women on active duty, the U.S. military does not have a standing force trained and prepared to execute the WMD exploitation and elimination mission. The purpose of this paper is to review the organizations that were developed and assigned this mission for OIF, and determine how the Department of Defense should organize to accomplish this task in future operations. Based upon lessons learned from OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM and the ongoing threat of WMD proliferation among state and non-state actors, the author proposes that a standing Joint Task Force is needed to execute this mission to provide for U.S national security and strategic interests. A recommended organizational structure, operational concept, employment scenarios and required resources are provided."
Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)
Currie, Jim
2004-04-28
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Shift in the National Drug Strategy: Implications for the SOUTHCOM AOR
"This study reviews the national strategy under the Bush Administration, the emerging national strategy under President Clinton and DoD's implementation in the Latin American region. A discussion of the impact on Southern Command (SOUTHCOM) follows with regard to budget, affected programs and theater strategic objectives. Possible implications for the future of this region and the impact on U.S. national security interests are addressed. The study suggests that the drug problem is a long term commitment requiring U.S. support throughout the source-transit-demand spectrum. The U.S. must continue to provide with the necessary resources through a multi-lateral approach because the trafficker has no regard for international borders."
Naval War College (U.S.)
Semrau, William J.
1994-06-17
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Federal User Fees: Key Aspects of International Air Passenger Inspection Fees Should be Addressed Regardless of Whether Fees Are Consolidated, Report to Congressional Requesters
"International air passengers arriving in the United States are subject to an inspection to ensure they possess legal entry and immigration documents and do not bring in contraband, such as illegal drugs, counterfeit goods, or harmful pests and prohibited agriculture products. With the creation of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) in 2003, the customs, immigration, and agriculture inspections activities were integrated into one program led by DHS's office of Customs and Border Protection (CBP). However, the three fees-whose collections totaled about $1 billion in fiscal year 2006-linked to these inspections remain statutorily distinct and are coadministered by CBP, Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), both within DHS, and the Department of Agriculture's Animal Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). GAO was asked to examine how the fees are set, collected, and distributed, and the benefits and challenges of this process to agencies and stakeholders, including implications of consolidating these fees under the authority of DHS."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2007-09
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Reassessment of US Counter-Drug Strategy and Policy
"The War on Drugs has been waged for decades with little net effect on the flow of illicit drugs into the United States. High profit potential, poverty, and corruption within source countries coupled with steady US demand and porous borders have created what seems to have become a lasting condition. To-date, the immutable law of supply and demand has proven a more potent factor in governing the flow of illicit drugs than all the instruments of US national power combined. Current US strategy focuses a majority of effort on existential causes and on lower-level actors, expending resources without significantly affecting the drug trade itself. A shift in focus to profit, as the financial center of gravity, and to internal demand may have much greater impact on curtailing the drug trade and better serve long-term US national security interests. What is the nature of this war? What drives national policy? How do second and third order effects impact US interests and the way the United States is perceived? Is there a better alternative? This paper explores these issues in view of the current threat and in consideration of a future environment in which resources may be further constrained."
Army War College (U.S.)
Royal, Joel P.
2007-03-30
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Utilizing the Elements of National Power to Predict Ungoverned Space
"The greatest threat to stability in Africa is the increase in transnational terrorist groups and criminals that occupy the ungoverned spaces. African nations suffer from the inability of the African governments to secure their borders and protect their citizens. The situation creates problems not only for Africa but also for the remainder of the world. The way to mitigate the risk of transnational terrorists and other violent non-state actors is to take away the conditions that lead to ungoverned space. The United States must identify the African nations with the greatest potential for change. The way to identify these nations is to assess the strength of their national powers. Enhancing the diplomatic, informational, economic, and law enforcement powers of these nations will allow them to focus their personnel and resources towards the goal of removing ungoverned space from the African continent. Once these sanctuaries are removed, transnational terrorists will be identified and eliminated. The result will be a stable African continent whose nations are better established and better able to connect with the remainder of the global community."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Elrich, John E.
2007-05-07
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Dark Side of Illegal Immigration: Cause for National Concern?
America is a country built on the backbones of immigrants. Unfortunately, to preserve this tradition, the government has allowed individuals to circumvent the immigration system and slip into our borders. The majority of these individuals are seeking a better way of life; all of them are not. Despite the reason, these individuals are in this country illegally. They are breaking the law and strategies must be developed to curtail this practice. Few subjects are so fraught with misinformation and lack of information, complexity and paradox, political interest and governmental neglect, social concern and human callousness, careful economic analysis and fiscal incertitude as the issue of illegal immigration.1 Our government has grappled with and failed, and continues to grapple with, this issue. As a result, most Americans have overlooked factors of illegal immigration that have potential for national concern. This project does not. It delves into the dark side of illegal immigration and its impact on national security, crime, the economy, the political structure, and the lack of cultural assimilation. It concludes with a review of the President's proposed way ahead and offers a strategic-level integrated approach to the problem.
Army War College (U.S.)
Brown, Vicki A.
2007-02-28
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Reconsidering NATO's Decision Making Process
NATO's strategic environment has changed dramatically: from Cold War, static confrontation via operations inside NATO member states borders to the existence of a highly mobile, expeditionary NATO Response Force. Does NATO's decision making process adequately support timely decisions before and during operations on sensitive military actions with strategic impact? This project explores the current decision making process in the North Atlantic Council and the Military Committee and considers necessary realignments to improve the process. Recommendations are provided to adjust the existing decision making process in a way that NATO retains credibility and validity as a reliable institution in the security policy arena.
Army War College (U.S.)
Benecke, Uwe
2007-03-05
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Trans-Sahara Counterterrorism Partnership
Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the United States government has significantly enhanced its level of engagement with African governments. There is a growing recognition in Washington policy circles that the social and economic instability plaguing Africa is a strategic concern for the United States. In response, the Department of Defense has collaborated with the Department of State to develop the Trans Sahara Counterterrorism Partnership (TSCTP), which supports African states efforts to improve border security and counterterrorism capacity while also facilitating regional cooperation, promoting democratic governance, and improving relations with the United States.1 BACKGROUND Levels of modernization and development vary enormously among the countries of North Africa and the Sahel.2 Many of the states in this region have stable authoritarian governments while others have been plagued by violence and instability. There are a few fledgling democracies, including Niger. Tribal structures are still the primary political unit in many areas that have never been under the control of a central government. Local authorities have had little success controlling terrorists operating in desert terrain that is extremely difficult to monitor, making this region an excellent example of what the Pentagon calls ungoverned space. The region s economies are fragile, relying on inefficient state owned industries and subsistence agriculture, and they are undermined further by the large volume of black market activity. For some individuals, criminal activity particularly smuggling has been a gateway to direct participation in terrorism Violent extremist groups target unemployed and underemployed young men for recruitment into terrorist organizations. These disenfranchised youth are vulnerable to ideologies that offer simple solutions to their problems and promise great rewards for their participation.
Combating Terrorism Center (U.S.)
Boudali, Lianne Kennedy
2007-04
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President Outlines Priorities [November 7, 2002]
"I look forward to working with members of the Congress and the newly-elected governors to make America's families safer in their homes and their communities, to make our economy stronger so people can find work, to make our country a better and more compassionate place. Members of the new Congress will take office in January and they'll have a full agenda. The current Congress, however, will return in just a few days to take up some unfinished business. We have a responsibility to protect the American people against threats from any source. I'm grateful to the members of the Congress, both Republicans and Democrats, that came together to support the war against terror, and authorize, if need be, the use of force to disarm Iraq. We must bring the same spirit of bipartisan cooperation to the urgent task of protecting our country from the ongoing threat of terrorist attack. The single most important item of unfinished business on Capitol Hill is to create a unified department of homeland security that will vastly improve our ability to protect our coasts and our borders and our communities."
United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary
Bush, George W. (George Walker), 1946-
2002-11-07
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Measures to Control Transnational Organized Crime, Summary
"Transnational criminal activity has increased in scale and extent, becoming a complex worldwide threat. Transnational criminals ignore borders, they move sums of money through the international financial system that are so huge they dwarf the combined economies of many nations. They are often organized in multi-crime businesses, and they have capitalized on growth in international communications and transportation to expand their criminal operations and form potent alliances. The corrosive activities of transnational criminal groups in the post-Cold War era no longer threaten particular countries or regions. They threaten all nations. Transnational organized crime is not only a law enforcement problem, it is a formidable and increasing threat to national and international security. Transnational organized crime is not something completely new, but there is no standard, universally accepted definition of these kind of criminality in the criminological and criminal law theories. The problem of definition is an important factor contributing to the inability of international law enforcement bodies to identify the size and scope of transnational organized crime accurately. Efforts to form a definition were made many times, but they only made this problem more difficult or created new problems. Some definitions of this kind came to light during the international simposium on organized crime in Sant Claud (France), 1988, which is where the headquarters of Interpol was situated. Just before this event, 84 participants from 46 member-countries of Interpol agreed to accept the working formula (transnational organized crime) as a basis for further discussion."
National Criminal Justice Reference Service (U.S.)
Voronin, Yuriy A.
2000-10-05
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DHS Announces West Coast Maritime Radiation Detection Project [September 5, 2007]
"The U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (DNDO) announced today (September 2007) the West Coast Maritime pilot program that will provide maritime radiation detection capabilities for State and local authorities in Washington's Puget Sound and California's San Diego areas. The three-year pilot program involves the development of a radiation detection architecture that reduces the risk of radiological and nuclear threats that could be illegally transported on recreational or small commercial vessels. The pilot will be conducted in close coordination with the U.S. Coast Guard and Customs and Border Protection."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Press Office
2007-09-05
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Test and Evaluation of MeshDynamics 802.11: Multi-Radio Mesh Modules in Support of Coalition Riverine Operations
"The Coalition Operating Area Surveillance and Targeting System (COASTS) program is a joint project between the Naval Postgraduate School and the Royal Thai Armed Forces (RTARF). The program focuses its research on command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (C4ISR) uses for commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS), state-of-the-art, rapidly scaleable airborne and ground communications equipment, including various wireless network technologies. This research is being conducted in partnership with the RTAF to develop a network and associated devices and applications that potentially may help suppress drug trafficking in the northern Thailand border regions. Commensurately, the U.S. Navy is taking the Global War on Terror (GWOT) lead in coalition Maritime Security Operations and riverine warfare operations. With formation of the new Naval Expeditionary Combat Command (NECC), and its new Riverine Warfare Group, the Navy's role takes effect starting in January 2007, and could benefit from this research. This thesis focuses on testing and evaluating the overall performance of the MeshDynamics Multiple-Radio Mesh Modules, operating in the 802.11 wireless frequency spectrum. These modules are key building blocks of meshed networks that provide coverage over an area where riverine and coastal operations are being conducted. The network provides an information source and communications backbone for maritime, ground, and air assets."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Russo, Joseph Anthony
2006-06
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Independent Testing of Iris Recognition Technology: Final Report
"Biometric technologies such as fingerprint, facial recognition, and iris recognition are deployed for verification and/or identification in applications such as access control, border management, and ID systems. Biometric technology's accuracy and usability--measured in terms of match rates, enrollment and acquisition rates, and transaction durations--are often central factors in deployment decisions. The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) sponsored a test of iris recognition accuracy, usability, and interoperability referred to as Independent Testing of Iris Recognition Technology (ITIRT). Executed by International Biometric Group (IBG), ITIRT ran from July 2004 to April 2005. The scenario test evaluated enrollment and matching software from Iridian and acquisition devices from LG, OKI, and Panasonic."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
International Biometric Group
2005-05
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Temporary Admissions of Nonimmigrants to the United States: 2005
"This Office of Immigration Statistics Annual Flow Report examines the number and characteristics of nonimmigrant admissions in 2005 recorded by the Treasury Enforcement Communications Systems (TECS) of the Department of Homeland Security's (DHS) U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP). Each year, millions of foreign nationals are admitted into the United States. Those who are admitted temporarily for a defined period of time and for a specific purpose are referred to as nonimmigrants. Most nonimmigrants enter as tourists or business travelers on short-term trips, while others, such as students, temporary workers, and foreign diplomats, stay for longer periods of time, ranging from a few months to several years."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
Grieco, Elizabeth M.
2006-07
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Army National Guard Unit Mobilization Process Transforming to Meet the Needs of the Future Force
"The Army National Guard plays a crucial role in providing security to the nation and its citizens, and protecting the interests of the country overseas. The Army National Guard helps to implement the National Military Strategy by supporting combatant commanders and conducting exercises around the world. Within our borders, Guard soldiers continue to provide assistance to victims of disaster and protection from enemies. In the future the Army National Guard will be structured and resourced to support any component of the 1-4-2-1 strategy. Units must be ready to load transportation for deployment 5-30 days after activation. The Total Force Policy and Strategy allows for continuous use of Army National Guard Forces on a rotational basis. This will require a transformation of mobilization processes in order for the National Guard to meet challenges of continuous mobilization. This project reviews the current unit mobilization process used for the Army National Guard and proposes methods for improving that process. It provides a background of the mobilization process and describes the mobilization objectives of the Army and the Army National Guard. It proposes opportunities for improvement of the current mobilization process within the dimensions of time constraints, resources, and process management. This project concludes with a description of the proposed Direct Deployment Mobilization process and recommends the Army transformation include adoption of the process."
Army War College (U.S.)
Kampenich, Shawn
2005-03-18
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Ground-Based Midcourse Defense: Continue Testing, but Operational Fielding Must Take a Backseat to Theater Missile Defense and Homeland Security
"The Ground-Based Midcourse Defense (GMD) system has been rushed into operation in Alaska but does not yet provide any defense against the thousands of nuclear warheads of Russia's 700 inter-continental ballistic missiles (ICBMs). GMD will not protect America from the twenty or so nuclear missiles owned by China. There are only two other countries (Britain and France) that have ICBMs capable of reaching the United States. Thus, GMD is being deployed almost exclusively against the possibility that North Korea and Iran will develop ICBMs. Although an effective GMD is a necessity, it is not yet technologically mature enough. Deploying a GMD system now is a mistake -- effective, deployable theater missile defenses and improving port and border security to prevent the non-traditional delivery of WMD into the United States are more relevant and much more necessary than deploying a missile defense that is not yet technically mature."
Joint Forces Staff College (U.S.)
Cepek, Robert J.
2005-05-24
