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Department of Homeland Security Introduces New Procedure to Expedite Honduran Removals [April 19, 2005]
In this press release, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) announces plans with the Government of Honduras to facilitate the deportation process to that country. Acting Under Secretary for Border and Transportation Security (BTS) Randy Beardsworth at the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) joined Minister Rene Becerra, High Commissioner for Immigrant Affairs for the Presidency of Honduras, in announcing the use of video teleconferencing (VTC) by Honduran consular officers for travel document interviews with Honduran nationals detained in the U.S.
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Press Office
2005-04-19
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L-Band Wide Area Surveillance Radar Design Alternatives
"Wide area surveillance systems are becoming more important for border and homeland security, earth resources monitoring and mitigation of natural disasters such as floods and seismic activity. As the frequency spectrum is being utilized for communications and business networking, the available bandwidth for these important efforts is more difficult. Historically, airborne surveillance radars have been fielded at either UHF or S-Band for airborne vehicle detection, and at X-Band for surface vehicle imaging and moving target detection. This paper will examine the impact of new technologies on the design of L-Band surveillance radars that employ solid state active arrays, multiple phase center apertures and adaptive processing to enable fixed and moving target detection from air and space platforms. The operational advantage of the use of small apertures on business jets, medium apertures on high altitude platforms and very large apertures in space will be contrasted."
Air Force Research Laboratory (Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio)
Davis, Mark E.; Himed, Braham
2005-04-14
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Border and Transportation Security: Overview of Congressional Issues [Updated April 7, 2005]
From the Summary: "Enhancing border and transportation security (BTS) are essential strategies for improving and maintaining homeland security. Border security entails regulating the flow of traffic across the nations borders so that dangerous and unwanted goods and people are detected and denied entry. This requires a sophisticated border management system that balances the need for securing the nations borders with facilitating the essential free flow of legitimate commerce, citizens, and authorized visitors. Transportation security involves securing the flow of people and goods along the nations highways, railways, airways, and waterways. (For more information on the complexity of the BTS challenge, see CRS [Congressional Research Service] Report RL32839, 'Border and Transportation Security: the Complexity of the Challenge,' by Jennifer E. Lake.) While in the immediate aftermath of 9/11 efforts primarily concentrated on an expanded federal role in aviation security (in particular on the heightened screening of passengers and baggage), increasingly attention is being turned towards other modes of transportation."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lake, Jennifer E.
2005-04-07
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S. Rept. 109-52: Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Defense, the Global War on Terror, and Tsunami Relief, 2005, Report to Accompany H.R. 1268, April 6, 2005
"The Committee on Appropriations, to which was referred the bill (H.R. 1268) making emergency supplemental appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2005, to establish and rapidly implement regulations for State driver's license and identification document security standards, to prevent terrorists from abusing the asylum laws of the United States, to unify terrorism-related grounds for inadmissibility and removal, to ensure expeditious construction of the San Diego border fence, and for other purposes, reports the same to the Senate with an amendment and with an amendment to the title and recommends that the bill as amended do pass."
United States. Government Printing Office
2005-04-06
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Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative Briefing [April 6, 2005]
Assistant Secretary of State for Consular Affairs Maura Harty and Acting Assistant Secretary for Border and Transportation Security Policy and Planning for the Department of Homeland Security Elaine Dezenski held a briefing on the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative.
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Press Office
2005-04-06
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New Passport Initiative Announced to Better Secure America's Borders [April 5, 2005]
In this press release, the Departments of Homeland Security and State announce the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative to secure and expedite travel. The Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative will require all U.S. citizens, Canadians, citizens of the British Overseas Territory of Bermuda, and citizens of Mexico to have a passport or other accepted secure document to enter or re-enter United States by January 1, 2008.
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Press Office
2005-04-05
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Science and Technology: A Foundation for Homeland Security
"Science and Technology: A Foundation for Homeland Security details the numerous accomplishments of science and technology that have helped to secure the homeland. This document builds upon the National Strategy for Homeland Security, released by the President on July 16, 2002, which set forth a sound framework to reduce America's vulnerability and to respond with improved agility and effectiveness to future terrorist attacks. Some key accomplishments highlighted in the document include: [1] Bolstering border security through the development and deployment of nuclear detection equipment along the U.S. border, airports, and seaports to detect, deter, and ultimately prevent the trafficking of nuclear and radioactive materials. [2] Providing an early warning system for bio-threats through Project BioWatch, a cooperative effort among the Department of Homeland Security, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Laboratory Response Network. [3] Speeding development and procurement of new medical countermeasures against current and future chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear terrorist threats through Project BioShield, an initiative signed into law by the President in July 2004."
United States. Office of Science and Technology Policy
2005-04
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Bridging the Gap in Homeland Security: 62D Engineer Battalion Helps Secure the Nation's Borders
"In late summer of 2003, the U.S. Border Patrol, Del Rio (Texas) Sector Headquarters, requested assistance from Joint Task Force-North (formerly known as Joint Task Force-Six) to have a military engineer unit construct a bridge over Cuevas Creek on the U.S.-Mexican border near El Indio, Texas. The bridge would reduce the response time between two border patrol stations, increasing the capability to apprehend illegal immigrants of many nationalities and to interdict drug traffic. The U.S. Border Patrol frequently requests military support from Joint Task Force-North, which detects, monitors, and supports the interdiction of suspected transnational threats within and along the approaches to the continental United States. The task force fuses and disseminates intelligence, contributes to the common operating picture, coordinates support to lead federal agencies, and supports security cooperation initiatives to secure the homeland and enhance regional security."
United States. Army. Corps of Engineers
Childers, Richard T.; Riera, Alfonso
2005-04
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Joseph Nozius Dantica, Department of Homeland Security Office of Inspector General Reports of Investigation
This Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Office of Inspector General (OIG) report provides information on the death of Joseph Nozius Dantica. The "investigation was initiated to determine whether the death of 81-year-old Haitian National Joseph Nozius Dantica on November 3, 2004, while in U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) custody, was the result of any improper actions by ICE or other personnel." The OIG investigation "determined that Dantica's death was a result of an illness that likely pre-existed his entry into the United States five days earlier. There was no evidence of mistreatment or malfeasance by any CPB [Customs and Border Patrol] or JMH [Jackson Memorial Hospital] employees."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of Inspector General
2005-03-31
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Plant Protection and Quarantine Strategic Plan FY 2005-2009
"This plan sets forth the plant protection and quarantine (PPQ) mission and vision, identifies challenges and critical issues, and sets direction by providing long-term goals, and strategies that will guide our activities over the next several years. The events of September 11, 2001 significantly changed the way that the APHIS does business. The creation of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS); APHIS contribution of over 2,600 of its port of entry inspectors and associated staff to DHS Customs and Border Protection (CBP); a new emphasis on national protection against agroterrorism and bioterrorism; and PPQs need to develop increased capacity to respond to both emergencies and emerging issues has stretched APHIS capacity to the limit."
United States. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
2005-03-31
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Mexico-U.S. Relations: Issues for the 109th Congress [Updated March 30, 2005]
"The United States and Mexico have a special relationship as neighbors and partners under the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The friendly relationship has been strengthened by President Bush's meetings with President Fox. This report, covering trade, migration/border, drug trafficking, and political issues, will be updated on a regular basis. [...] On March 7, 2005, the United States withdrew from the Optional Protocol giving the International Court of Justice jurisdiction over disputes under the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations; this came a week after President Bush directed state courts to review the cases of 51 Mexicans on death row to comply with a March 2004 ICJ [International Court of Justice] decision that the United States had breached its obligations under the Vienna Convention by failing to notify Mexican consular officials when those Mexican nationals were arrested. On March 10, 2005, Secretary of State Rice visited Mexico in preparation for President Bush's March 23 meeting with the leaders of Mexico and Canada; she praised the remarkable cooperation between the countries, defended the recent State Department reports on human rights and drug control efforts against Mexican criticism, and announced Mexico's agreement to transfer enough water to meet its existing water debt with the United States. On March 16, 2005, the House passed the Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for FY2005 (H.R. 1268), with the text of H.R. 418, the REAL ID Act, as Division B, with identity card standards and provisions to facilitate the completion of fencing along the U.S.-Mexico border. On March 23, 2005, President Bush hosted meetings in Texas with President Fox and Prime Minister Martin, in which the leaders established the trilateral 'Security and Prosperity Partnership (SPP) of North America,' that will seek to advance the common security and the common prosperity of the countries through expanded cooperation and harmonization of policies."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Storrs, K. Larry (Keith Larry), 1937-
2005-03-30
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Mexico-United States Dialogue on Migration and Border Issues, 2001-2005 [Updated March 30, 2005]
"This report, which will be updated periodically, focuses on the interactions between Mexico and the United States on migration and border issues during the administrations of President George W. Bush and President Vicente Fox of Mexico. The discussions and agreements fall into four areas: (1) the bilateral migration talks, (2) the Partnership for Prosperity, (3) the Border Partnership Agreement, and (4) the trilateral 'Security and Prosperity Partnership (SPP) of North America.' The bilateral migration talks were initially announced at the Presidents' first meeting in February 2001, and they were more formally reviewed in early September 2001. At that time, the Presidents instructed the cabinet-level working group 'to reach mutually satisfactory results on border safety, a temporary worker program and the status of undocumented Mexicans in the United States . . . as soon as possible.' The talks stalled, however, following the terrorist attacks upon the United States and increased concerns with border security. President Bush urged immigration reform in his State of the Union address on February 2, 2005. The House approved immigration control and identity card standards when it passed the REAL ID Act of 2005 (H.R. 418) on February 10, 2005, and attached it to the Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for FY2005 (H.R. 1268) on March 16, 2005."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Storrs, K. Larry (Keith Larry), 1937-
2005-03-30
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Fact Sheet: Arizona Border Control Initiative: Phase II [March 30, 2005]
On March 30, 2005, the Department of Homeland Security announced the second phase of the Arizona Border Control (ABC) Initiative. This multi-agency effort directly supports the Department of Homeland Security's anti-terrorism mission through the detection, arrest and deterrence of all cross-border illicit activity. This fact sheet outlines the ABC Initiative's Phase II goals, Phase II additional resources personnel, security, techniques, partnerships, ABC Initiative FY 2004 successes, arrests and detentions, narcotics seizures, operation ICE Storm, and border related deaths.
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Press Office
2005-03-30
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Department of Homeland Security Begins Second Phase of Arizona Border Effort [March 30, 2005]
U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) Commissioner Robert Bonner and Assistant Secretary for Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) Michael Garcia today unveiled Phase II of the Department of Homeland Security's Arizona Border Control (ABC) Initiative, a massive federal law enforcement effort to gain greater operational control of the Arizona border. Phase II builds upon the results of last year's Arizona Border Control Initiative and directly supports DHS' priority anti-terrorism mission--preventing terrorists and terrorist weapons from entering the U.S. -- by reducing the flow of illegal aliens and disrupting smuggling operations.
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Press Office
2005-03-30
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Border and Transportation Security: Selected Programs and Policies [March 29, 2005]
From the Summary: "Border and Transportation Security (BTS) is a pivotal function in protecting the American people from terrorists and their instruments of destruction. This report addresses selected programs and policies now in place that seek to attain higher levels of BTS. It is the second in a three-part series of CRS [Congressional Research Service] reports that make use of analytical frameworks to better understand complex phenomena and cast them in terms that facilitate consideration of alternative policies and practices. (The first report in the series, CRS Report RL32839, Border and Transportation Security: The Complexity of the Challenge, analyzes the reasons why BTS is so difficult to attain. This report is the second in the series. The final report is CRS Report RL32841, Border and Transportation Security: Possible New Directions and Policy Options.)"
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lake, Jennifer E.; Seghetti, Lisa M.; Robinson, William H.
2005-03-29
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Border and Transportation Security: Possible New Directions and Policy Options [March 29, 2005]
From the Summary: "There is consensus that Border and Transportation Security (BTS) is a pivotal function in protecting the American people from terrorists and their instruments of destruction. The issue for Congress is how to achieve desired levels of security, while not compromising other important values in the process. This report addresses possible new approaches and policy options that might be explored by Congress to attain these goals. It is one of three CRS reports in a series that make use of analytical frameworks to better understand complex problems in BTS and to facilitate consideration of alternative policies and practices. (The first report in the series, CRS Report RL32839, 'Border and Transportation Security: The Complexity of the Challenge,' analyzes the reasons why BTS is so difficult to achieve. The second report CRS Report RL32840, 'Border and Transportation Security: Selected Programs and Policies,' discusses programs now in place. This report is the last in the series)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lake, Jennifer E.; Seghetti, Lisa M.; Robinson, William H.
2005-03-29
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Border and Transportation Security: The Complexity of the Challenge [March 29, 2005]
From the Summary: "The search for border and transportation security is a complex task. For example, internationally shipped cargoes travel in various conveyances on a variety of infrastructures, through a number of places, are held in the custody of numerous people and organizations, and can involve up to 40 separate documents to complete the journey from the source zone to the distribution zone. This report suggests that if the border can be envisioned not merely as a physical boundary but rather as a flexible concept that allows for the possibility that the border begins at the point where goods or people commence their U.S.-bound journey, a significantly wider array of options for border management policies becomes available."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lake, Jennifer E.; Seghetti, Lisa M.; Robinson, William H.
2005-03-29
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President Meets with President Fox and Prime Minister Martin [March 23, 2005]
President Bush, President Fox and Prime Minister Martin meet at Baylor University in Texas to discuss NAFTA, border security, infectious diseases and how it impacts the water supply and agriculture. There is also a question and answer portion.
United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary
2005-03-23
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Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America Prosperity Agenda [March 23, 2005]
This is the Prosperity Agenda created from the meeting between President Bush, President Fox, and Prime Minister Martin at Baylor University. The goals are to "enhance the competitive position of North American industries in the global marketplace and to provide greater economic opportunity for all of our societies, while maintaining high standards of health and safety for our people, the United States, Mexico and Canada will work together and in consultation with stakeholders to: improve productivity, reduce the costs of trade, and enhance the quality of life". Border, agriculture, water supply and public health security are all discussed.
United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary
2005-03-23
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Joint Statement By President Bush, President Fox, and Prime Minister Martin [March 23, 2005]
This joint statement explains the outcomes of the meeting between President Bush, President Fox, and Prime Minister Martin. The major focus for the three was "to increase the security, prosperity, and quality of life for our citizens". Border protections, infrastructure protection, aviation and maritime security, agricultural security and prosperity are mentioned in this statement.
United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary
2005-03-23
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Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America Security Agenda [March 23, 2005]
This is the Security Agenda created from the meeting between President Bush, President Fox, and Prime Minister Martin at Baylor University. Three goals are discussed here: Secure North America from external threats, prevent and respond to threats within North America, streamline security process at border crossings.
United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary
2005-03-23
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SLGCP Commercial Equipment Direct Assistance Program (CEDAP) [March 22, 2005]
"The Systems Support Division (SSD) in SLGCP [State and Local Government Coordination and Preparedness] is launching the Commercial Equipment Direct Assistance Program (CEDAP) to provide smaller law enforcement and emergency responder agencies with equipment items that will enhance and support regional response, mutual aid, and interoperability of responder equipment. CEDAP is being offered in two phases in fiscal year (FY) 2005. The first phase allows SLGCP to provide applicants with equipment already on Federal contract and is limited to personal protective equipment, detection and sensor devices, information sharing software for law enforcement operations, and communications interoperability systems. Eligible applicants include jurisdictions not currently receiving funding from UASI [Urban Areas Security Initiative]. Jurisdictions in suburban, rural, and border areas are encouraged to apply for equipment that will be used to respond through mutual aid and to protect infrastructure in those jurisdictions. 'This pilot program will meet the special needs of smaller communities to ensure our preparedness efforts reach all of America.' said Matt A. Mayer, Acting Executive Director of the Office for State and Local Government Coordination and Preparedness."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office for Domestic Preparedness
Mayer, Matt A.
2005-03-22
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Privacy Impact Assessment for the Advance Passenger Information System (APIS) March 21, 2005
"The Aviation and Transportation Security Act of 2001 and the Enhanced Border Security and Visa Reform Act of 2002 together mandated the collection of certain information on all passenger and crew members who arrive in or depart from the United States on a commercial air or sea carrier. The information required to be collected and submitted to the Advance Passenger Information System (APIS) can be found on routine entry documents that passenger and crew members must provide when processed into or out of the United States. The APIS information includes full name, date of birth, citizenship, passport/alien registration card number, passport/alien registration card country of issuance, passport expiration date country of residence and U.S. destination address (where applicable). The APIS information is collected in advance of a passenger's arrival or departure from the United States in order to perform law enforcement queries to identify security risks to the aircraft or vessel, to its occupants, or to the United States and in order to expedite CBP processing."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Privacy Office
2005-03-21
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Army National Guard Unit Mobilization Process Transforming to Meet the Needs of the Future Force
"The Army National Guard plays a crucial role in providing security to the nation and its citizens, and protecting the interests of the country overseas. The Army National Guard helps to implement the National Military Strategy by supporting combatant commanders and conducting exercises around the world. Within our borders, Guard soldiers continue to provide assistance to victims of disaster and protection from enemies. In the future the Army National Guard will be structured and resourced to support any component of the 1-4-2-1 strategy. Units must be ready to load transportation for deployment 5-30 days after activation. The Total Force Policy and Strategy allows for continuous use of Army National Guard Forces on a rotational basis. This will require a transformation of mobilization processes in order for the National Guard to meet challenges of continuous mobilization. This project reviews the current unit mobilization process used for the Army National Guard and proposes methods for improving that process. It provides a background of the mobilization process and describes the mobilization objectives of the Army and the Army National Guard. It proposes opportunities for improvement of the current mobilization process within the dimensions of time constraints, resources, and process management. This project concludes with a description of the proposed Direct Deployment Mobilization process and recommends the Army transformation include adoption of the process."
Army War College (U.S.)
Kampenich, Shawn
2005-03-18
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Doctrine of Preemption: Analysis and Implications for South Asia
"The tragic events of September 11 provoked the United States to promulgate a new National Security Strategy (NSS) incorporating the Doctrine of Preemption. This doctrine is intended to be applied against those state or non-state actors that are considered a threat to the United States security interests. Inclusion of this doctrine in the NSS is considered to be fraught with the danger of giving rebirth to the colonial era where the use of military might against weaker states under one pretext or the other was a common practice. Application of this doctrine by the United States as witnessed in Iraq will not only undermine the role of the United Nations but will also set a wrong precedent for other countries to turn their hegemonic dreams into reality. Following the example of the United States other states will take the preemption tool and use it to satisfy their national designs against weaker states. The effect of this doctrine on the world in general and the South Asian region in particular remains a source of concern for everyone. Within months of the announcement of this doctrine the world witnessed highly belligerent rhetoric emanating from New Delhi against Pakistan. Indian claims of Pakistani- sponsored cross-border terrorism in the Kashmir region led to Indian strategic discussions of a preemptive strike against Pakistan. This paper constitutes an effort to provide a global and regional perspective of the implications that any version of American foreign policy has for the rest of the world."
Army War College (U.S.)
Khan, Tahir
2005-03-18
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Posse Comitatus and the Use of the Military in Denying Terrorist Access to the United States Along the Border with Mexico
"Mexico is one of our largest trading partners and a supplier of cheap labor that crosses our border on a daily basis at numerous ports of entry from Texas to California. The ease with which cross border traffic occurs is proving to be a monumental security challenge. The largely unsecured border we share with Mexico is an enticing avenue for illegal immigrants and drug smugglers but also, and more importantly, for potential terrorists hostile to the United States. Due to the events of September 11, 2001 we are now placed in the position to re-think our immigration policies and security procedures. Since 9/11 an increased emphasis has been placed on defense of the homeland and border security. Use of the military to secure our borders is increasingly being weighed as an option. Due to interpretation of the Posse Comitatus Act of 1878, restrictions are in place to limit direct involvement of military forces to secure the border. This SRP will analyze current restrictions of the Posse Comitatus Act as it applies to the use of the military as well as several recent laws that have been enacted that grant specific exceptions to the application of the PCA."
Army War College (U.S.)
Thomas, Greg A.
2005-03-18
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Underdevelopment: Major Cause of Insecurity in West Africa
"The stability of a country in terms of physical security is necessary for economic development when considered within the context of inter-state rivalry and competition. However the relationship between security and development reverses when the sources of insecurity emanate from within the borders of a country. [...] While the end of the cold war saw a dramatic decline in inter-state conflicts, the number of civil wars increased. This is especially true in the poor regions of the world; particularly Africa as attention of ordinary people shifted more towards seeking economic, social, political and environmental conditions that will lead to improvement in their lives. Where such aspirations could not be met through normal political process violent means were used, resulting in instability in the region. This is particularly true in the West African sub-region. The object therefore of this research paper is to show how underdevelopment has played and continues to play a significant role in intra-state conflicts in West Africa with the view to suggesting what could be done to reduce such conflicts in the sub-region. To do this, the paper will define which countries constitute West Africa, and examine the characteristics of underdeveloped nations vis a vis those of developed countries. The paper will also examine political, economic, social and environmental insecurity in West Africa and how they relate to underdevelopment. The role of key regional and external actors (Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and African Union, the United States, Britain, France and the United Nations) in conflict prevention and resolution in West Africa and finally propose some solutions to intra-state conflicts in West Africa."
Army War College (U.S.)
Apogan-Yella, Austin A .
2005-03-18
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Generating Capability Requirements for Land Border Security Forces: Applying the Army's Force Management Model
"This paper demonstrates how key parts of the Department of the Army's force management process can serve as a model for the Department of Homeland Security to develop new capability requirements (or review existing requirements) needed to execute the land border security mission. The paper begins by examining the pivotal role that the National Strategy for Homeland Security plays in setting the foundation for border security with a specific focus toward the threat of terrorism. Next, the paper demonstrates how the Department of Homeland Security can use the Army's methodology for generating requirements as a means of identifying the capabilities needed within their organization to accomplish land border security. By capitalizing on an already proven force generation process, the Department of Homeland Security can make great strides in the identification and pursuit of critical capabilities required for the execution of the nation's land border security mission."
Army War College (U.S.)
Vanderlinden, Richard
2005-03-18
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National Guard's Role in the Global War on Terror: Is the National Guard Also a Law Enforcement Combat Multiplier?
"As the United States wages the Global War on Terror National Guard forces of the nation will play a ontical role in supporting law enforcement in its role of protecting the people from terror. New methods both military and civilian will be needed to take the fight to the enemy. Attacks on Americana (our way of life) will continue to evolve. Some observers argue our enemies are using our freedom and system of justice to include our sacred constitutionally protected freedom against us. While most Americans would agree fighting the war on foreign soil is the preferred method there continuously looms the reality of a repeated homeland attack. The National Guard is a logical force to enhance law enforcement and Department of Homeland Security (DHS) personnel. Civilian law enforcement agencies to include the Department of Justice (DOJ) the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) The Border Patrol and the newly formed Department of Homeland Security (DHS) have been key players in the homeland fight. Adding the National Guard will greatly improve the traditional forces increasing their capabilities in times of increased threat. If new forces are to be added to the fight they must be trained in the Fourth Amendment added to the current force structure and deployed when the threat condition warrants. This paper will examine the ramifications of the Fourth Amendment to National Guard forces in their homeland security role."
Army War College (U.S.)
Johnson, Ward K., III
2005-03-18
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Cuba after Castro: Implications of Change
"Located just ninety miles from its southern border, Cuba has long been of key security and humanitarian interest to the U.S. Since Fidel Castro assumed power in Cuba in 1959, U.S.- Cuban relations have been virtually nonexistent. Recent historical events have occurred that could potentially lead to political and socioeconomic reform in Cuba. The increase in the Cuban population in the U.S. has lead to an increased Cuban representation in the U.S. Congress. In addition, the biological aging of Fidel Castro, as well as the downward spiral of the Cuban economy and well-being of Cuban citizens point to what may be a ripening chance for democracy in Cuba. This Strategy Research Project (SRP) will explore past and current U.S. policy on Cuba and examine potential alternatives to that policy, should an unforeseen change occur in Cuban leadership. This paper will address how different sectors of the U.S. Government and its citizens view Cuba; how Castro views the U.S.; his plans for Cuban succession; some of the challenges that a post-Castro Cuba might face should it embrace democracy; and, lastly, since Cuba is not an economic or military threat to the U.S., the question of why we should consider and embrace a political agenda regarding potential outcomes in Cuba when Fidel Castro departs."
Army War College (U.S.)
Bullington, Johnny R.
2005-03-18
