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CRCL Newsletter (June 2014)
"The Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties (CRCL) supports the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) as it secures the nation while preserving individual liberty, fairness, and equality under the law." This issue of the CRCL Newsletter contains the following articles: "Secretary Johnson Speaks to Diverse Communities in Illinois"; "Surge of Unaccompanied Children at the Southwest Border"; "DHS Anti-Discrimination Policy Statement"; "CBP Releases Revised Use of Force Handbook"; "2014 Rick Rescorla Award"; "DHS Pride"; and "CRCL on the Road".
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2014-06
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CRCL Newsletter (May 2014)
"The Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties (CRCL) supports the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) as it secures the nation while preserving individual liberty, fairness, and equality under the law." This issue of the CRCL Newsletter contains the following articles: "One Year Anniversary of the Boston Marathon Attacks"; "CBP Issues Use of Force Directive"; "CBP Issues Use of Force Directive"; "CRCL Participates in Human Rights Country-to-Country Program"; "CRCL Hosts Roundtables with Sikh CBP Officer"; "CRCL Launches New Community Roundtable in Brooklyn"; and "CRCL on the Road".
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2014-05
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Australia's 2009 Defense White Paper: A Maritime Focus for Uncertain Times
"As a maritime trading state highly dependent upon secure sea lines of communication stretching from the Middle East to North America, Australia is tied comprehensively and profitably to Asia's economic success. Yet Australia must also suffer the less positive implications of such dynamism, including growing strategic competition among the region's major powers, an increasing competition for resources, active Islamist terrorist threats, unpredictable and unsatisfied states in combination with the related danger of weapons of mass destruction and missile proliferation, and the consequences of failing or troubled states unable to cope with political, economic, environmental, or demographic stresses. The impact of such factors has been especially evident for the Australian Defence Force (ADF), which over the past decade has been operating at a constantly high tempo in response to strategic crises, disintegrating societies, or grave natural disasters--from East Timor to the Persian Gulf and the Solomon Islands, Afghanistan, Iraq, Sumatra, and Pakistan. Indeed, there have been many other, lesser ADF deployments over that time as well, along with the added importance of border security in the post-9/11 world."
Naval War College (U.S.)
McCaffrie, Jack; Rahman, Chris
2010
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Baltic States and Poland Track 2 Deterrence and Strategic Stability Dialogue and Study [PASCC Research in Progress]
"New questions arise daily concerning overall NATO alliance cohesion and commitment in the face of Russian aggression. Understanding how deterrence and crisis stability operate within conflict and how crisis actions may affect overall strategic stability is vital to efforts to prevent or de-escalate future tensions, particularly in NATO frontline states. CSIS [Center for Strategic and International Studies] will examine deterrence challenges that face frontline states on NATO's eastern border with Russia and the implications of military posture and security matters in that geography for overall strategic stability between the United States/NATO and Russia. This project will bring together U.S., Polish, and Baltic experts to review and discuss topics such as forward deployed, non-strategic nuclear weapons, 'gray zone' conflicts, and the importance of energy and economic markets to crisis stability. This project will provide scholars with new knowledge on emerging deterrence challenges faced in light of the Ukrainian crisis." This document has been added to the Homeland Security Digital Library in agreement with the Project on Advanced Systems and Concepts for Countering WMD (PASCC) as part of the PASCC collection. Permission to download and/or retrieve this resource has been obtained through PASCC.
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Contemporary Conflict; Center for Strategic and International Studies (Washington, D.C.)
Kostro, Stephanie Sanok
2015-05
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Statement By Press Secretary Marsha Catron On Secretary Johnson's Upcoming Trip To El Salvador And Honduras [May 17, 2016]
On May 17, the Department of Homeland Security issued the following press release: "On May 19-20, Secretary of Homeland Security Jeh Johnson will travel to El Salvador and Honduras for meetings and engagements regarding current migration trends in Central America. Secretary Johnson will travel to San Salvador, El Salvador, and then Tegucigalpa and San Pedro Sula, Honduras. In both countries, he will observe the arrival of repatriation flights and reintegration efforts, engage with regional partners to highlight law enforcement cooperation to address violence and the other underlying causes of illegal migration, reinforce the Department's message that our borders are not open to illegal migration, and continue to highlight the dangers of the journey. Further details are forthcoming."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Press Office
2016-05-17
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Prospects for Finland and Sweden to Pursue Closer Defense Cooperation with NATO
From the thesis abstract: "This thesis examines the potential advantages for Finland and Sweden in pursuing closer cooperation with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and possible membership. The security policy objectives of Finland and Sweden have largely been defensive in nature: to ensure national survival and protection of sovereignty. With the exception of Finland's opposition to the Soviet Union's aggression in 1939-1940 and 1941-1944 to defend its national independence, both countries have remained neutral in foreign and security policies. Sweden's geopolitical situation is advantageous in that the Baltic Sea hinders invasion and the country has positive relations with its immediate neighbors. In contrast, Finland shares a lengthy border with Russia and has a complex history of relations with Moscow. In 2009, Sweden pledged a Declaration of Solidarity that protects its neighboring Nordic states as well as European Union (EU) member states in an effort to strengthen and preserve peaceful relations and stability. The thesis concludes that the benefits of closer cooperation with the Alliance and possible membership, notably collective defense protection under Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty, are substantial. Russia's recent aggressive behavior may lead Finland and Sweden to seek closer cooperation with NATO and to give greater attention to the option of membership."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Pedrotty, Daniel J.
2016-09
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NATO's Options for Defensive Cyber Against Non-State Actors
From the abstract in the report: "Overt state-to-state cyber conflicts are unlikely for the foreseeable future; states prefer to retain plausible deniability through surreptitious sponsorship of non-state cyber militias. International legal norms, NATO's Article 5 requirements, and UN Security Council procedural issues seem to limit NATO's options in responding to cyber events by non-state actors. However, there are three circumstances under which NATO may legally take cyber countermeasures against non-state actors: (1) when a nation-state fails to enforce the law against non-state actors within its borders; (2) when a cyber-disruption is tantamount to an economic blockade; and (3) if there is intelligence that indicates a pending cyber-attack by force, thereby necessitating anticipatory self-defense. The decision by NATO after 9/11 to pursue a non-state terrorist organization was a normative shift internationally; prior to this event, counterterrorism was widely viewed as a law enforcement issue. With China and Russia as permanent members of the UN Security Council, resolutions against countries for harboring cyber militias are unlikely. Both nations routinely tolerate--if not sponsor--cyber militias. NATO is the one enforcement arm with the resources to thwart the illicit militias."
Army War College (U.S.)
Carey, Casimir C., III
2013-04
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Fact Sheet: The National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking (NAP) [December 3, 2021]
From the Fact Sheet: "Globally, an estimated 25 million people [hyperlink] are subjected to human trafficking and forced labor, which is responsible for an estimated $150 billion annually [hyperlink] in illicit profits. It erodes the safety and health of our communities and transportation networks, the security of our borders, the strength of our economy, and the rule of law. The Administration is committed to keeping the fight to end human trafficking at the forefront of our national security agenda by releasing the new National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking[hyperlink]." [Document referenced found here: https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did=861455]
United States. Office of the White House Press Secretary
2021-12-03
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Pakistan: Challenges for U.S. Interests, Hearing Before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, Second Session, September 8, 2016
This is the September 8, 2016 hearing on "Pakistan: Challenges for U.S. Interests" held before the U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. From the prepared statement of Toby Dalton: "In my remarks today I will try to provide a clear-eyed assessment of the challenges to U.S. policy posed specifically by developments in Pakistan's nuclear weapons program and what they mean for U.S. interests in South Asia. Though obvious, it is worth underscoring the point that Pakistan's nuclear weapons program does not exist in a vacuum. Nuclear weapons are central to Pakistan's security-seeking behavior in a region it considers to be enduringly hostile. From Pakistan's perspective, the trend lines are quite negative. India's economic growth, blooming strategic relationship with the United States, and development of nuclear and advanced conventional military capabilities and doctrines have been and will remain drivers of Pakistan's nuclear build-up. Experts are therefore understandably concerned that the 70-year security competition between India and Pakistan is becoming a nuclear arms race, albeit one in which the antagonists--unlike the United States and Soviet Union during the Cold War--have fought four hot wars, still regularly exchange fire over contested territory, and quite possibly sponsor the activities of non-state actors who project violence across their shared border. Considering what we now know of the close calls experienced by U.S. and Soviet nuclear forces during the Cold War, the nuclear situation in South Asia is cause for concern." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Toby Dalton, Daniel Markey, and Robert Grenier.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2017
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NATO: From Common Defense to Common Security: Hearing Before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Ninth Congress, First Session, February 7, 2006
From the opening statement of Richard G. Lugar: "Today the Foreign Relations Committee meets to discuss the evolution of the NATO Alliance and its operations in Afghanistan. We are especially honored to welcome our good friend GEN James Jones, Supreme Allied Commander, Europe, to share with us his insights on NATO's transformation and its role in Afghanistan and other regions outside the Alliance's borders. […] With the end of the cold war, the gravest threats to Europe and North America originate from other regions of the world. This requires Europeans and Americans to be bolder in remaking our alliances, forging new structures, and changing our thinking. We must reorient many of our national security institutions, of which NATO is one of the most important. To be fully relevant to the security and well-being of the people of its member nations, NATO must think and act globally." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Chuck Hagel, James L. Jones, Richard G. Lugar, and Joseph R. Biden.
United States. Government Printing Office
2006
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U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services: Authorities and Procedures [December 20, 2021]
From the Document: "Through legislation, Congress has specified the conditions [hyperlink] under which non-U.S. nationals ('aliens' [hyperlink], as the term is used in the Immigration and Nationality Act [INA]) may lawfully enter or remain in the United States. Under this framework, aliens who satisfy applicable requirements may qualify for certain types of immigration benefits, such as adjustment to lawful permanent resident [hyperlink] (LPR) status. U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services [hyperlink] (USCIS), a component of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), is tasked with adjudicating immigration benefit applications. This Legal Sidebar provides a brief overview of USCIS's authorities and procedures. (Two other DHS components, Immigration and Customs Enforcement [hyperlink] [ICE] and Customs and Border Protection [hyperlink] [CBP]), are primarily responsible for the agency's immigration enforcement activities, and their authorities are discussed in other CRS products [hyperlink].)"
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Smith, Hillel R.
2021-12-20
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Functional Desks as Collaborative Mechanisms in the Michigan Intelligence Operations Center
From the Introduction: "This paper discusses the ongoing stated goal of information sharing amongst the Michigan homeland security community by uniting statewide efforts through the functional desks in the state's fusion center. The first section discusses the elements of collaboration that encourage agencies to work together in the MIOC. Descriptions of three functional desks in the MIOC [Michigan Intelligence Operation Center] -- Critical Infrastructure/Key Resources, Environmental Risk, and Border Security -- are then presented. The concluding section provides observations on the functional desks as a viable collaborative mechanism for information sharing to address the threat of terrorism."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Bustria, M. John; Shenouda, Emad (Al); McDaniel, Michael C. (Michael C. H.)
2008-05
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Sandia Technology (Summer 2005, Entire Journal)
"The Summer 2005 issue of Sandia Technology looks at Sandias efforts to help in Americas return to space with a safer, better space shuttle and a promising new laser technique for early identification of cancer cells. The smorgasbord issue delves into the nanoscale - billionths of a meter - to look at work on tiny devices, made with gold and platinum, that may be able to separate water into its components, providing hydrogen as a future fuel. Our lead article examines a different approach to U.S. homeland security, with analysts standing back to see the forest instead of the trees. The insights from that effort hold promise for helping us make better use of the resources available in the U.S. Two specific homeland security technologies are the subjects of articles in this issue. One will help personnel at hospitals, airports, and other key public facilities quickly sample and identify contaminants in the event of a bioterrorism attack and follow with an efficient plan for cleanup and recovery of the facility. The other, originally developed to detect explosives, has been used with good effect along the U.S. - Mexico border by South Texas law enforcement officials. From work at the nano- and molecular-scales to work that helps us explore outer space, Sandia researchers continue to make a difference."
Sandia National Laboratories
Keener, Will
2005
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Department of Homeland Security Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2014, Hearings Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, First Session on H.R. 2217, An Act Making Appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2014, and for Other Purposes, April 23, 2013
This is from the April 23, 2013 hearing on, "Department of Homeland Security Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2014," held before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations. From the opening statement of Mary L. Landrieu: "In 2013, we provided the necessary funding and increases for: Customs and Border Protection salaries that were significantly underestimated; restored proposed cuts to the Coast Guard acquisition program to replace aging and decrepit assets; appropriated a 70-percent increase in cybersecurity technology and education programs; and restored critical funding for advanced research; and State and local preparedness grants; all of which were at historic lows in 2012. Coupling these increases with supplemental appropriations enacted for Hurricane Sandy in January, the Department should have been in good standing to support its essential frontline employees, State and local responders, and disaster victims. However, many of the increases I just highlighted will be eaten away by the 5-percent reduction required by sequester and set us back even further. While I recognize that you are still finalizing how these impacts of sequestration will be felt, it is an area that deeply concerns me. For 2014, the discretionary request for the Department is $39 billion, 1.4 percent less than the full appropriation we enacted just last month. If this request is met, it would be the fourth year in a row that the Department has faced reduced funding, down from its peak of $42 billion. In regard to the request before us, DHS, like all Federal agencies, has been asked to do more with less, and this has required some tough decisions." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Dan Coats, Barbara A. Mikulski, Thad Cochran, and Janet Napolitano.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2015
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Worldwide Threats and Homeland Security Challenges, Hearing Before the Full Committee on Homeland Security, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, First Session, October 21, 2015
This is a testimony compilation of the October 21, 2015 hearing "Worldwide Threats and Homeland Security Challenges," held before the full House Committee on Homeland Security. From the opening statement of Chairman Michael McCaul: "We are at a turning point in a new age of terror. I predict this year could exceed the last to become the most violent year on record for global terrorism. Radical Islamists are recruiting online, across borders, and at broadband speed--and the impact is being felt worldwide. Here in the United States, there have been more terrorist cases this year involving homegrown jihadists than any full year since 9/11. ISIS [Islamic State of Iraq and Syria] alone has inspired or directed 17 terrorist plots in America since early 2014, and overall the group has been linked to more than 60 plots against Western targets, from Canada to Australia. This pace of terror plotting is unprecedented--unrivaled even by al Qaeda at its peak. Yet we are no closer to dismantling ISIS than we were a year ago. Despite 14 months of airstrikes, the group has largely maintained its core safe haven while expanding its global footprint. The ISIS reign of terror is fueled by its recruitment of foreign fighters, who hail from more than 100 countries, including our own. […] Today I hope to hear from our witnesses about these challenges and how their agencies are working to strengthen our defenses on the homefront." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Jeh C. Johnson, Nicholas J. Rasmussen, and James B. Comey.
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Homeland Security
2015-10-21
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Roundtable - Preventing Drug Trafficking Through International Mail, Hearing Before the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, Second Session, April 19, 2016
This is a testimony compilation of the April 19, 2016 hearing "Roundtable - Preventing Drug Trafficking Through International Mail" held before the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. From the opening statement of Ron Johnson: "Our committee has done extensive work examining the lack of border security, and also to understand the nation's drug crisis, including two hearings last week. Today, we will look at another source of this crisis--drugs entering through our ports of entry that are shipped directly to customers by international shippers, including the U.S. Postal Service." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Guy Cottrell, Joseph P. Murphy, Mark W. Hamlet, Todd C. Owen, and Norman T. Schenk.
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs
2016-04-19
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Protecting Our Employees: Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and the Federal Workforce, Hearing Before the Oversight of Government Management, the Federal Workforce, and the District of Columbia Subcommittee of the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, First Session, June 16, 2009
From the opening statement of Daniel K. Akaka: "Pandemic influenza continues to be a grave threat facing the United States and the world. The United Nations' World Health Organization (WHO), which coordinates global pandemic preparedness and response efforts, has said that infectious diseases are spreading faster than at any time in history. [...] I am concerned that Federal agencies have not done enough to protect the Federal workforce from the current outbreak of H1N1. Employees who interact with hundreds or thousands of travelers daily in the Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and Transportation Security Administration (TSA) received conflicting guidance. This is unacceptable. As reports from the field indicate, employees who asked to wear protective masks were told they could not. However, this policy is not part of the official guidance distributed by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), the Office of Personnel Management (OPM), or the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). The men and women on the front lines must be able to trust that their agencies will develop and distribute clear policies in a timely manner during an emergent event. Proper coordination between DHS, OPM, and the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) is needed to accomplish this. Public health officials warn that we may see a resurgence of a stronger, more threatening version of the novel H1N1 virus later this fall. Agencies need to make sure now that the workforce is properly informed of policies and guidance so we are ready if that happens." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Daniel K. Akaka, George V. Voinovich, W. Craig Vanderwagen, Elaine C. Duke, Nancy H, Kichak, Bernice Steinhardt, T.J. Bonner, and Maureen Gilman.
United States. Government Printing Office
2010
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Roles and Missions of the National Guard in Support of the Bureau of Customs and Border Protection, Hearing Before the Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, One Hundred Ninth Congress, Second Session, May 17, 2006
From the opening statement of John Warner: "The Department of Homeland Security (DHS), over which your committee has jurisdiction--has provided us a witness because there is a joint tasking, at the present time, between the Department of Defense (DOD) and the DHS. Perhaps that chain of command and tasking can be dealt with, Mr. Secretary in your testimony. The President, I think, has made a bold and a correct decision-- and I support the President in beginning to utilize one of America's most valuable assets--its National Guard--which goes back to the very origins of this republic, to come to the forefront to help their fellow Americans provide a greater measure of security on their borders. We're anxious to receive such details as we can from our distinguished panel of witnesses." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Paul McHale, Steven Blum, David V. Aguilar, Larry E. Craig, John Warner, and Carl Levin.
United States. Government Printing Office
2007
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Current and Future Worldwide Threats to the National Security of the United States, Hearing Before the Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, One Hundred and Tenth Congress, First Session, February 27, 2007
From the opening statement of Carl Levin. "Regarding Iraq, we need a thorough understanding of the extent to which the Iraqi government is living up to its commitments to support the President's surge plan, including achieving political reconciliation, and the IC's assessments of the prospects for success in Iraq. We also need to know what are the IC's assessments concerning sources of outside support for the contending parties in Iraq, for the Sunni insurgents as well as the Shiite militias; what countries are providing weapons, funding, and personnel to the insurgency; who is organizing, receiving, and using this assistance […] Turning to Iran's nuclear program, we need to know the IC's current estimate for when Iran could acquire a nuclear weapons capability and its assessment of the circumstances under which Iran might give up its weapons program. In Afghanistan, the resurgence of the Taliban, the deteriorating security situation, and the flourishing sanctuary across the border in Pakistan drive home the fragile hold that we have in this volatile region. […] Pakistan is an ally in the war on terrorism, but […] it is a major source of Islamic extremism, it is a sanctuary for al Qaeda, the Taliban, and extremists operating against India over Kashmir, and a past and potential future source of dangerous nuclear proliferation. […] the Department of State acknowledges that nothing has been conceded by North Korea about the uranium enrichment program" This Congressional hearing on "Current and Future Worldwide threats to the National Security of the United States" included statements from John M. McConnell, Director, National Intelligence, Thomas Fingar, Deputy Director of National Intelligence for Analysis, and Michael D. Maples, Director, Defense Intelligence Agency. The witnesses addressed "current and longer-term threats and intelligence challenges around the world.
United States. Government Printing Office
2008
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H. Rept. 117-246: Shadow Wolves Enhancement Act, Report to Accompany H.R. 5681, Including Cost Estimate of the Congressional Budget Office, February 11, 2022
From the Purpose and Summary: "H.R. 5681, the 'Shadow Wolves Enhancement Act,' authorizes adjustments to the job classifications for tactical enforcement officers assigned to the Homeland Security Investigations (HSI) unit operating in the Tohono O'odham Nation, known as 'Shadow Wolves'. The Shadow Wolves were established by congressional mandate in 1974 and specialize in the interdiction of human and drug smugglers through the rugged terrain of the Sonoran Desert utilizing both technology and the traditional art of tracking. Under this bill, Shadow Wolves serving in these positions would be reclassified as GS-1811 special agents upon the successful completion of certain training, and new officers added to this unit after the date of enactment would be classified as GS-1811 special agents upon completion of training. The Act would also require the Secretary of Homeland Security to develop a strategy to retain existing Shadow Wolves, recruit new officers to the unit, and expand comparable units along the international land borders with the approval of appropriate Tribal governments. Finally, the Act requires the Government Accountability Office (GAO) to submit a report to Congress 1 year after receiving the strategy, as well as annually for the following 2 years, which assesses the effectiveness of this strategy and provides recommendations for improvement, as appropriate."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2022-02-11
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National Security Challenges and U.S. Military Activity in North and South America, Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventeenth Congress, First Session, April 14, 2021
This is the April 14, 2021 hearing on "National Security Challenges and U.S. Military Activity in North and South America," held before the U.S. House Committee on Armed Services. From the Opening Statement of Adam Smith: "[O]ur committee hearing is on 'National Security Challenges and U.S. Military Activity in North and South America.' [...] Obviously, there are a lot of challenges going on in the world right now, and, you know, the one that dominates is COVID [coronavirus]--its impacts, how it is impacting your commands, how it is impacting stability in your areas of responsibility. We are very interested to hear how it is going in terms of making sure that we protect our service members, maintain our ability to train and meet our readiness requirements, and, at the same time, how COVID may be impacting your areas of responsibility. Obviously, there is a great deal of instability, in particular in South America--two hurricanes, continued economic challenges. We have the ongoing crisis in Venezuela, and we have seen the impact in the flow of folks coming to the border. There are a lot of challenges in that region. [...] I am very curious to get your take on how you perceive the threats to the homeland, the rise of both Russia and China in terms of their global capability. North Korea, as well, has introduced a level of threat to the homeland that we haven't seen before. How do we need to respond to that? What is the most intelligent spending we can do in the Department of Defense budget to meet those challenges? And then what is the whole-of-government response as well?" Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Craig S. Faller, Roert G. Salesses, and Glen D. VanHerck.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2022
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Boko Haram and the Islamic State West Africa Province [Updated February 24, 2022]
From the Document: "Armed Islamist violence continues to roil northeast Nigeria and nearby border regions more than a decade since Boko Haram launched an insurgency against the Nigerian state. In recent years, an Islamic State-affiliated offshoot, the Islamic State West Africa Province (IS-WA, aka ISIS-WA or ISWAP), has established itself as the stronger faction and one of the most active IS affiliates globally. The conflict in the Lake Chad Basin has killed tens of thousands, displaced millions, and fueled a vast humanitarian crisis. The United States has provided counterterrorism and other assistance to governments battling Boko Haram and ISWA, and has been the top country donor of humanitarian assistance in the Lake Chad Basin. Abuses by local security forces in the region have been a source of concern among some Members of Congress and have raised challenges for U.S. security assistance and military sales."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Husted, Tomas F.
2022-02-24
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Mexican Education System, the Keystone to Combatting Crime and Improving Economic Well-Being
From the thesis abstract: Increased attention must be directed toward Mexico due to the direct and immediate effects issues like Mexican migration, cross border drug control, and transnational organized crime have on U.S. national security. Two primary issues underpin these shared security issues: a weak economy and an inadequate education system. Accordingly, this paper posits a relationship between education, economic health, and crime. To be specific, by strengthening the education system, Mexico's economy will improve. Together, these conditions will augment the government's ability to counter criminal activity. Section 1 is a historical review of Mexico's education system and policies. Section 2 discusses the link between education and the economy. Section 3 discusses the links among education, the economy, and crime. The final section presents reasons why the United States should assist Mexico in the development of its national education policy. The author concludes with recommendations to bolster the Mexican education system."
Naval War College (U.S.). Joint Military Operations Department
Lee, Barbara
2011-10-28
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CSCE 115-2-4: Russia's Occupation of Georgia and the Erosion of the International Order Joint Hearing Before the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, Second Session, July 17, 2018
This is the July 17, 2018 hearing on "Russia's Occupation of Georgia and the Erosion of the International Order" before the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe. From the opening statement: "Violation of the territorial integrity and political independence of states. This initial invasion has sadly led to 10 years of occupation, affecting one-fifth of Georgia's sovereign territory and causing incalculable political, economic, and humanitarian cost. The invasion of Georgia demonstrated that Vladimir Putin is ready and willing to use his military and intelligence services to redraw international borders and meddle in the internal affairs of a neighboring state. Moreover, Mr. Putin clearly sought to sabotage Georgia's progress toward membership in NATO, contravening the principle that sovereign states have the right to freely join security alliances of their choosing." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: David Bakradze, Damon Wilson and Luke Coffey.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2018
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2013 National Network of Fusion Centers, Final Report
"Threats to the homeland are persistent and constantly evolving. Domestic and foreign terrorism and the expanding reach of transnational organized crime syndicates across cyberspace, international borders, and jurisdictional boundaries within the United States highlight the continued need to build and sustain effective intelligence and information sharing partnerships among the federal government; state, local, tribal, and territorial (SLTT) governments; and the private sector. These partnerships are the foundation of a robust and efficient homeland security intelligence enterprise that goes beyond shared access to information and intelligence to foster sustained collaboration in support of a common mission. This collaboration enables the fusion process 1 and provides decision makers across all levels of government and within the private sector with the knowledge to make informed decisions to protect the homeland from a variety of threats and hazards. State and major urban area fusion centers (fusion centers) are the nexus of the homeland security intelligence enterprise at the state and local level. They serve as focal points for the receipt, analysis, gathering, sharing, and safeguarding of threat-related information between the federal government and SLTT and private sector partners. As such, fusion centers provide a state and local context that enhances the national threat picture and enables local officials to better protect their communities. They also provide critical information and subject matter expertise that allows the Intelligence Community (IC) to more effectively 'connect the dots' to prevent and protect against threats to the homeland."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2014-06
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2012 National Network of Fusion Centers, Final Report
"Threats to the homeland are persistent and constantly evolving. Domestic and foreign terrorism and the expanding reach of transnational organized crime syndicates across cyberspace, international borders, and jurisdictional boundaries within the United States highlight the continued need to build and sustain effective intelligence and information sharing partnerships among the federal government; state, local, tribal, and territorial (SLTT) governments; and the private sector. These partnerships are the foundation of a robust and efficient homeland security intelligence enterprise that goes beyond shared access to information and intelligence to foster sustained collaboration in support of a common mission. This collaboration enables the fusion process 1 and provides decision makers across all levels of government and within the private sector with the knowledge to make informed decisions to protect the homeland from a variety of threats and hazards. State and major urban area fusion centers (fusion centers) are the nexus of the homeland security intelligence enterprise at the state and local level. They serve as focal points for the receipt, analysis, gathering, sharing, and safeguarding of threat-related information between the federal government and SLTT and private sector partners. As such, fusion centers provide a state and local context that enhances the national threat picture and enables local officials to better protect their communities. They also provide critical information and subject matter expertise that allows the Intelligence Community (IC) to more effectively 'connect the dots' to prevent and protect against threats to the homeland."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2013-06
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Intellectual Property Rights: Fiscal Year 2015 Seizure Statistics
From the Document: "Products that infringe U.S. trademarks and copyrights or are subject to exclusion orders issued by the United States International Trade Commission threaten the health and safety of American consumers and pose risks to our economy and our national security. Continued enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) by U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), and U.S.Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) Homeland Security Investigations (HSI) mitigates the financial and welfare risks posed by imports of such illicit products. In Fiscal Year (FY) 2015, IPR seizures increased nearly 25 percent to 28,865 from 23,140 in FY 2014. The total estimated manufacturer's suggested retail price (MSRP) of the seized goods, had they been genuine, increased 10 percent to $1,352,495,341. Tactical interagency collaboration with the National Intellectual Property Rights Coordination Center (IPR Center) resulted in 538 arrests, with 339 indictments, and 357 convictions."
United States. Department of Homeland Security; U.S. Customs and Border Protection. Office of Trade
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Intellectual Property Rights: Fiscal Year 2014 Seizure Statistics
From the Document: "Products that infringe on U.S. trademarks, copyrights, and patents threaten the health and safety of American consumers, our economy, and our national security. U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement's (ICE) Homeland Security Investigations (HSI) continued Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) enforcement against these illicit imports mitigates the financial and welfare risk. In Fiscal Year (FY) 2014 the number of IPR seizures decreased nearly 5% to 23,140 from 24,361 in FY 2013. The manufacturer's suggested retail price (MSRP) of the goods had they been genuine decreased 30% to $1,226,347,540. Tactical interagency collaboration with the HSI-led National Intellectual Property Rights Coordination Center (IPR Center) resulted in 683 arrests, with 454 indictments and 461 convictions."
United States. Department of Homeland Security; U.S. Customs and Border Protection. Office of Trade
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Intellectual Property Rights: Fiscal Year 2013 Seizure Statistics
From the Document: "Products that infringe on U.S. trademarks, copyrights, and patents threaten the health and safety of American consumers, our economy, and our national security. U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement's (ICE) Homeland Security Investigations (HSI) continued Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) enforcement against these illicit imports mitigates the financial and welfare risk. In Fiscal Year (FY) 2013 the number of IPR seizures increased nearly 7% to 24,361 from 22,848 in FY 2012. The manufacturer's suggested retail price (MSRP) of the goods had they been genuine, increased 38% to $1,743,515,581. Tactical interagency collaboration led by the National Intellectual Property Rights Coordination Center led to 693 arrests, 411 indictments, and 465 convictions for IPR crimes in FY 2013. Additionally, 1,413 domain names distributing counterfeit merchandise were seized, 35 exclusion order enforcement actions were completed and 20 shipments of circumvention devices were seized."
United States. Department of Homeland Security; U.S. Customs and Border Protection. Office of Trade
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Guide to Rebuilding Governance in Stability Operations: A Role for the Military?
"In October 2008, the U.S. Army issued Field Manual 3.07, Stability Operations Doctrine, which identified five key sectors as components of an integrated approach to stabilization and reconstruction (S&R) operations--security, justice and reconciliation, humanitarian assistance and social well-being, participatory governance, and economic stabilization and infrastructure. Government, or governance, has a central role in assuring the successful end-states for transition in each of these sectors. This guide focuses on the military's role in rebuilding and establishing a functional, effective, and legitimate nation-state; one that can assure security and stability for its citizens, defend its borders, deliver services effectively for its populace, and is responsible and accountable to its citizens. Neither a handbook nor a checklist, the document provides a comprehensive approach to planning and implementing a program to rebuild governance by U.S. peacekeeping forces during stability operations. Recognizing that the extent of U.S. Government and military involvement is determined by the mandate, the mission, the level of resources and most importantly, the host country context, this guide provides options and trade-offs for U.S. forces in executing these operations."
Army War College (U.S.). Strategic Studies Institute
Brinkerhoff, Derick W.; Hill, Richard; Johnson, Ronald W.
2009-06-18
