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Port Security Advisory (4-09)(Rev 4): International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR)
"The Coast Guard has received a number of questions from U.S. vessel operators and company security officers over concerns about compliance with U.S. law when placing firearms on board their vessels to defend against or deter pirate attacks in high-risk waters. The Coast Guard has worked closely with the Department of Justice, and the Department of State's Directorate of Defense Trade Controls (the agencies responsible for the International Traffic in Arms Regulations [ITAR]), and Customs and Border Protection (CBP) (the agency responsible for enforcement of ITAR), to provide guidance for owners, operators, and security teams of U.S. --flagged vessels who want to place firearms aboard vessels. It outlines potential methods of compliance but does not replace the underlying regulations. This guidance does not address foreign-flagged vessels."
United States. Coast Guard
2010-09-03
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SLGCP Commercial Equipment Direct Assistance Program (CEDAP) [October 27, 2005]
"The Systems Support Division (SSD) within the Office of State and Local Government Coordination and Preparedness (SLGCP) is launching the next phase of the Commercial Equipment Direct Assistance Program (CEDAP) to provide smaller law enforcement and other emergency responder agencies working in task forces with equipment items that will enhance and support regional response, mutual aid, and interoperability of responder equipment. Equipment available in this phase includes defensive and protective equipment, detection, search and rescue equipment, information sharing and risk assessment software, and interoperable communications technology. Eligible applicants include agencies and departments not currently receiving funding from UASI [Urban Areas Security Initiative]. Agencies and departments in suburban, rural and border areas are encouraged to apply for equipment that will be used to respond through mutual aid and to protect infrastructure in those areas."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of State and Local Government Coordination & Preparedness
Mitchell, Andrew T.
2005-10-27
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Report Concerning Passenger Name Record Information Derived from Flights between the U.S. and the European Union [December 18, 2008]
"The purpose of this review is to determine whether the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and, in particular, the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) are operating in compliance with the Automated Targeting System (ATS) System of Records Notice (SORN) published on August 6, 2007 in the Federal Register1 and the 2007 Letter of Agreement between the United States and the Council of the European Union dated July 26, 2007 (2007 Letter). The Chief Privacy Officer conducted this review under the authority of the Homeland Security Act § 222 (as amended) and the commitments made in the 2007 Letter. The review was measured against the standards of the ATS SORN, the 2007 Letter, and the 2005 Report Concerning Passenger Name Record Information Delivered from Flights between the U.S. and European Union."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Privacy Office
2008-12-18
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Fact Sheet: Human Smuggling and Trafficking
"U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), the largest investigative agency within the Department of Homeland Security, has responsibility for enforcing a wide range of crimes related to border security, including investigations of human trafficking and human smuggling. In fact, ICE is one of the primary federal agencies responsible for combating human trafficking. According to the U.S. Department of State, the United States is a destination country for thousands of men, women, and children trafficked from all areas of the world. These victims are trafficked for the purposes of sexual and labor exploitation. Many of these victims are lured from their homes with false promises of well-paying jobs; instead, they are forced or coerced into prostitution, domestic servitude, farm or factory labor or other types of forced labor. Victims often find themselves in a foreign country and cannot speak the language. Traffickers often take away the victims' travel and identity documents, telling them that if they attempt to escape, the victims or their families back home will be harmed, or the victims' families will assume the debt. We recognize that men, women and children that are encountered in brothels, sweat shops, massage parlors, agricultural fields and other labor markets may be forced or coerced into those situations and potentially are trafficking victims."
United States. Department of Homeland Security; U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
2010-01-20
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Fact Sheet: Port Security
This U.S. Customs and Border Protection fact sheet provides information regarding port security. "Following 9/11, supported by dramatically increased funding, the federal government has implemented a multi-layered defense strategy to keep our ports safe and secure."
U.S. Customs and Border Protection
2006-05
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Volpe Engineers Use Biometrics to Help Ease Border Crush
"Using technology previously reserved for military and other high security applications, engineers from the Safety and Security Systems Division of the Volpe Center have developed a number of automated biometric systems to speed the processing of frequent travelers through United States immigration and to reduce the dependence on manual immigration inspections. These systems, now in use at selected border crossings by the Immigration and Naturalization Service, may serve as the basis for future automated immigration processing developments, both in the United States and around the world."
John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (U.S.)
1997
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Information Technology Management Letter for the FY 2009 U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) Financial Statement Audit (Redacted)
"This [redacted] report presents the information technology (IT) management letter for the U.S. Customs and Border Protection [CBP] component of the FY [Fiscal Year] 2009 DHS [Department of Homeland Security] financial statement audit as of September 30, 2009. It contains observations and recommendations related to information technology internal control that were not required to be reported in the financial statement audit report, November 13,2009 and represents the separate restricted distribution report mentioned in that report. The independent accounting firm KPMG LLP (KPMG) performed the audit of CBP's FY 2009 financial statements and prepared this IT management letter. KPMG is responsible for the attached IT management letter dated January 22, 2010, and the conclusions expressed in it. We do not express opinions on DHS' financial statements or internal control or conclusion on compliance with laws and regulations."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of Inspector General
2010-08
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Improving Strategies to Prevent and Prepare for Radiological Attack
"The threat of radiological attack against the United States is viewed as credible, imminent, and capable of inflicting lasting negative impacts on domestic society. The United States is pursuing detection/denial and public preparedness strategies in order to prevent and minimize the effects of a possible radiological terrorist attack. This thesis surveys the prevalence of radiological material in society, as well as major U.S. programs to secure international trade, U.S. borders, and radiological material, and to prepare the public in order to determine their effectiveness against the threat of radiological attack. The research conducted indicates that U.S. government strategies against the radiological threat favor costly and problematic technological detection programs over public preparedness strategies, which are not optimized or resourced to address the general public's fear of radiation, fatalism toward terrorism preparedness, and skepticism of the government as a credible source of information on terrorism and radiation. This thesis concludes that the government should empower the Weapons of Mass Destruction czar with strategic oversight and technology funding-approval authority to de-conflict and streamline technological detection programs at the national level. It should also improve public education outreach resourcing and capabilities to increase public preparedness, thereby developing the public into a national security asset."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Dubay, Anthony R.
2010-03
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Inspection Report: The Consolidated Terrorism Watchlist Nomination Process at the Department of Energy
"The Government-wide effort to place known or suspected terrorists on a national watchlist is a key weapon in the global war on terrorism. Accurate watchlists provide an important tool for national defense and border protection operations. [...]. In 2003, the Terrorist Screening Center was established as part of Homeland Security Presidential Directive-6 to consolidate the United States Government's terrorism watchlisting activities. The Terrorist Screening Center, which is administered by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), maintains the Consolidated Terrorism Watchlist database that is continuously updated with terrorism information from the National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC) and the FBI. The information maintained by the Terrorist Screening Center is available to appropriate Federal, state, local, tribal, and territorial government officials for screening purposes. [...]. The Intelligence Community Inspectors General Forum agreed to conduct a multi-agency review of the processes for nominating individuals to the Consolidated Terrorism Watch list. The objective of our inspection was to review the Department of Energy's process for Watchlist nominations. [...]. We found that DOE did not have a formal process in place 1ar nominating individuals for inclusion to the Consolidated Terrorism Watchlist. We were advised by cognizant DOE officials that the likelihood that DOE would be in a position to nominate individuals was limited, due to the Department's operating structure and reporting relationships. These factors are described in the accompanying report. Nonetheless, given current terrorism/security concerns, we concluded that it would be prudent for DOE to formalize such a process, which would include providing employee awareness training on Watchlist issues."
United States. Department of Energy; United States. Department of Energy. Office of Inspections and Special Inquiries
2007-10
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New Strategy for Afghanistan and Pakistan and Developments in U.S. Central Command and Special Operations Command, Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, First Session, April 2, 2009
From the opening statement of Ike Skelton: "I strongly supported the President's decision to add 17,000 troops in Afghanistan and I support his most recent decision to add another 4,000 as trainers and mentors for the Afghan security forces. As the President has noted, we can bring our troops home when the Afghans themselves can carry the burden of security. But we won't win a counterinsurgency fight in Afghanistan through military means alone, and I think our witnesses will speak of that. So I am glad our strategy calls for a real increase in civilian assistance to that country and, even more, ask our allies to increase their efforts. This is not just America's war. I am also pleased that the strategy recognizes that success in Afghanistan will require more effective action on both sides of the border. Destroying Al Qaeda and their sanctuaries in Pakistan will require disrupting terrorist networks, advancing democratic government control, and promoting economic stability in Pakistan." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: John M. McHugh, Michele Flournoy, Eric Olson, and David H. Petraeus.
United States. Government Printing Office
2010
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International Law Challenges: Homeland Security and Combating Terrorism
This colloquium examines actions taken since the release of Volume 79 of the 'Blue Book' series in areas of the "Proliferation Security Initiative, a response to the growing challenge posed by the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, their delivery systems, and related materials worldwide; and measures initiated to increase the control and security of maritime borders. Additionally, with the growing insurgency and increasing terrorist acts in Iraq, issues of occupation law, which the United States had last applied following World War II, played a prominent role in the discussions of the colloquium participants."
Naval War College (U.S.)
Sulmasy, Glenn M.; Sparks, Thomas McK.
2006
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Readout of Secretary Napolitano's Participation in the 24th Annual Candlelight Vigil [May 13, 2012]
On May 13, 2012, the Department of Homeland Security issued the following press release: "Secretary of Homeland Security Janet Napolitano today joined Attorney General Eric Holder, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Director John Morton, U.S. Customs and Border Protection Acting Commissioner David Aguilar, U.S. Secret Service Director Mark Sullivan, National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund Chairman and CEO [Chief Executive Officer] Craig W. Floyd, and other law enforcement leaders at the 24th Annual Candlelight Vigil, honoring the service and sacrifice of law enforcement professionals who lost their lives in the line of duty."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Press Office
2012-05-13
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Remarks at Tufts University During a Panel Discussion on Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: How Significant a Threat?
"The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention defines a bioterrorism attack as, ' the deliberate release of viruses, bacteria, or other germs (agents) used to cause illness or death in people, animals, or plants' and in the National Strategy for Countering Biological Threats the Obama Administration stated, 'Biological weapons and their use or proliferation by States or non-State actors (biological threats) present a significant challenge to our national security.' The United States Government recognizes that bioterrorism is a significant threat not only to the United States, but to the entire world. Biological agents do not acknowledge international borders and sovereign nations. It is important when addressing the threat posed by bioterrorism to note that the mechanisms we use to address it are equally applicable to emerging infectious diseases. This 'dual benefit' to our efforts to counter bioterrorism means that it is absolutely imperative that we work together across the health and security communities as we address biological threats, no matter the cause."
United States. Department of State
Jenkins, Bonnie D.
2013-02-23
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Annual Report on Assistance Related to International Terrorism: Fiscal Year 2010
"As an integral element of its counterterrorism policy, the United States government provides foreign nations with training and equipment designed to help boost their counterterrorism capacity. Assistance falls into seven categories: antiterrorism programs, counterterrorism engagement, border security, countering violent extremism, counterterrorism finance training, weapons threat reduction, and justice sector and rule of law. This report is submitted pursuant to the requirements for a congressionally mandated annual report codified at 22 U.S.C. § 2349aa-7(b). During Fiscal Year (FY) 2010, the U.S. government provided assistance related to international terrorism through the Department of State, the Department of Homeland Security, the Department of Justice, the Department of the Treasury, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. This report does not include assistance related to international terrorism provided through the Department of Defense."
United States. Department of State. Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism
2011-04-19
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DHS, CBP, ICE Release Use-of-Force Policies [March 7, 2014]
On March 7, 2014, the Department of Homeland Security issued the following press release: "Today, Customs and Border Protection (CBP) and Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) released their existing Use-of-Force policies -- established in 2010 and 2004 respectively. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is also making the overarching Department policy, established in 2004, available."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Press Office
2014-03-07
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2015 National Guard Bureau Posture Statement
"The National Guard performs three critical defense duties for America: fighting America's wars, protecting the homeland, and building global and domestic partnerships. As stewards of taxpayer resources, we also are taking deliberate steps to eradicate inefficiencies while reinforcing the core ethics of the citizen Soldier and Airman. We continue to keep the faith with our Soldiers, Airmen and their families by ensuring they receive the very best care. Today's National Guard is flexible and scalable to America's changing needs on any given day. After more than a decade of fighting side-by-side, we are seamless with the active Army and Air Force and affordable during peacetime without compromising on quality or experience. When in combat, we are more ready and more accessible than at any other time in our history. Inside our borders, citizen Soldiers and Airmen represent America's 377-year community-based militia tradition; ready at a moment's notice to serve both national and local interests. At home we are shaping whole-of-Nation synergy in service to communities throughout America. Recognizing the increase in defense roles in the homeland is critically important at a time when threats are shifting toward economic warfare, cyber warfare, long-range missile capability and terrorism. To help combat these threats, the National Guard is building partnerships that increase America's security around the world. Now, more than ever, the National Guard remains 'Always Ready, Always There' for America. It's why investing the same defense dollar in the dual-capable National Guard is a win-win for American security and its taxpayers."
United States. National Guard Bureau
2014?
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Command, Control, and Interoperability Center for Advanced Data Analysis (CCICADA) [website]
Command, Control, and Interoperability Center for Advanced Data Analysis (CCICADA) is a Department of Homeland Security Center or Excellence. "Our Work: focuses on algorithmic methods for challenging problems in data analysis that address present and emerging homeland security threats. Our Mission is to provide powerful analytical tools for information sharing, collaboration & decision support for a diverse workforce - now and for the future. Our Applications: [1] Critical infrastructure protection [2] Syndromic surveillance for natural and man-caused diseases [3] Inspection of containers at ports [4] Identification of authors from text [5] Protection against invasive species [6] Customs and border protection operations [7] Defense against threats to cyber infrastructure and data [8] Data management in emergency situations [9] Risk analysis [10] Non-intrusive data gathering techniques"
Command, Control, and Interoperability Center for Advanced Data Analysis (CCICADA)
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Statement by Secretary Johnson on Increased Influx of Unaccompanied Immigrant Children at the Border [June 2, 2014]
On June 2, 2014, the Department of Homeland Security issued the following press release: "As I have seen firsthand and stated repeatedly, addressing the rising flow of unaccompanied children crossing our southwest border is an important priority of this Administration and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). It requires a whole of government coordinated and sustained response."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Press Office
2014-06-02
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Statement by Press Secretary Peter Boogaard on Secretary Johnson's Upcoming Trip to Illinois [June 10, 2014]
On June 10, 2014, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security issued the following press release: "On June 13, Secretary of Homeland Security Jeh Johnson will travel to Illinois where he will be joined by U.S. Senator Dick Durbin and U.S. Representative Luis Gutierrez to conduct site visits to review regional U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and U.S. Customs and Border Protection facilities, participate in a civil rights community engagement meeting, and meet with immigration reform stakeholders. Additional details will be forthcoming."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Press Office
2014-06-10
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Privacy Impact Assessment Update for the Immigration and Customs Enforcement-Child Exploitation Tracking System (ICE-CETS)
"The Child Exploitation Tracking System (ICE-CETS), owned and operated by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), Homeland Security Investigations (HSI), is a centralized information repository that assists law enforcement in conducting child exploitation investigations. The ICE-CETS database aggregates tips and lead information about Internet-facilitated child sexual exploitation crimes in a single repository allowing investigators to identify links in otherwise unrelated matters to reduce redundant investigative work. The original Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) for ICE-CETS was published on January 19, 2010. With this update to the PIA, ICE is expanding the use of ICE-CETS within DHS to permit select U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) personnel to access and directly query data within the system."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2013-08-28
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Immigration Enforcement Actions: 2012
"This Office of Immigration Statistics (OIS) Annual Report presents information on foreign nationals found inadmis-sible, apprehended, arrested, detained, returned, or removed during 2012. Key findings in this report include: [1] CBP determined 194,000 foreign nationals were inadmissible. [2] DHS apprehended 643,000 foreign nationals; 70 percent were citizens of Mexico. [3] ICE detained approximately 478,000 foreign nationals, an all-time high. [4] 230,000 foreign nationals were returned to their home countries without a removal order. [5] DHS removed 419,000 foreign nationals from the United States. [6] The leading countries of origin for those removed were Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador. [7] Expedited removal orders accounted for 163,000, or 39 percent, of all removals. [8] Reinstatements of final orders accounted for 149,000, or 36 percent, of all removals. [8] ICE removed 199,000 known criminal aliens from the United States, an all-time high."
United States. Office of Immigration Statistics; United States. Department of Homeland Security
Sapp, Lesley M.; Simanski, John
2013-12
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Statement of Secretary Michael Chertoff Regarding Exercise of Waiver Authority
This statement discusses: securing the border, Congress's DHS mandate, DHS's successes, congressionally-granted waiver authority, solicitation of views from the community, and working with the local community of Hidalgo County, Texas.
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2008-04-01
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Preliminary Observations on the Use and Oversight of U.S. Coalition Support Funds Provided to Pakistan
"Since October 2001, the United States has provided Pakistan with over $10 billion for military, economic, and development activities in support of the critical U.S. national security goals of destroying terrorist threats and closing terrorist safe havens. A major component of this effort has been U.S. Coalition Support Funds (CSF) reimbursed to Pakistan. The purpose of CSF is to reimburse coalition countries for logistical and military support provided to United States military operations in the global war on terror. In Pakistan, reimbursements through CSF are intended to enable the government of Pakistan to attack terrorist networks in the FATA and stabilize the border areas. It is structured as a reimbursement mechanism in which the U.S. Department of Defense (Defense) policy is to validate that support was provided, costs were incurred, and these costs were incremental to normal Pakistani military operations. We were asked to assess how CSF reimbursements have. We were asked to assess how CSF reimbursements have been used to meet U.S. goals in Pakistan, and what controls exist to ensure that reimbursements are for legitimate claims. During the months of March and April 2008, we briefed the Chairman of the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform's Subcommittee on National Security and Foreign Affairs and his staff, as well as various other congressional staff members, including those from the House Committee on Foreign Affairs, on the interim results of our work on CSF. This report provides preliminary unclassified observations conveyed during those briefings; it does not include findings and recommendations on the CSF program."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2008-05-06
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Civil Rights/Civil Liberties Impact Assessment: Future Attribute Screening Technology (FAST) - Interactive and Passive Programs
"The Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties (CRCL) of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has completed a Civil Rights/Civil Liberties Impact Assessment to examine the Future Attribute Screening Technology (FAST) research program currently underway by DHS' Science and Technology Directorate (S&T). CRCL has conducted this assessment in accordance with its statutory role to advise Department leadership on constitutional, statutory, regulatory, policy, and other requirements relating to the civil rights and civil liberties of individuals affected by the programs and activities of the Department. […] This assessment has been provided to the Secretary, the Undersecretary for Science and Technology, the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection, and the Administrator of the Transportation and Security Administration. Beginning in 2007, S&T has been engaged in research to develop technology that may assist screeners, in a variety of settings, to determine whether individuals intend to cause harm. Currently, screeners rely primarily on screening technologies, behavioral detection, and traditional interview techniques. FAST could supplement these approaches through the use of non-contact sensors to measure physiological and behavioral indicators of 'malintent'--defined as the mental state and intention of an individual planning or intending to cause harm to the United States or the general public. FAST is still in the research phase; it is not currently, and may never become, operational. Nonetheless, it seems appropriate, as the Department works on this research, to ensure that deployment, if it ever occurs, would not diminish the public's civil rights or civil liberties."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2011-12-12
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Statement by Deputy Press Secretary Marsha Catron on Secretary Johnson's Upcoming Trip to New Mexico and Texas [July 10, 2014]
On July 10, 2014, the Department of Homeland Security issued the following press release: "On July 11, Secretary of Homeland Security Jeh Johnson will travel to Artesia, New Mexico and Weslaco, Texas. While in Artesia, Secretary Johnson will visit the Artesia Temporary Facility for Adults with Children on the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC) campus to view the ongoing government-wide response to the influx of adults traveling with children and unaccompanied children across the southwest border. In Weslaco, Secretary Johnson will meet with state officials to discuss this urgent humanitarian situation. Additional details will be forthcoming."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Press Office
2014-07-10
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Update on Unified Coordination Group's Ongoing Response to Unaccompanied Children at the Border [June 12, 2014]
On June 12, 2014, the Department of Homeland Security issued the following press release: "Secretary of Homeland Security Jeh Johnson, Federal Emergency Management Agency Administrator Craig Fugate, and Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Acting Assistant Secretary for the Administration for Children and Families Mark Greenberg today provided an update on the Federal response and efforts taken to address the influx of unaccompanied children entering the United States across the southwest border. 'There is a problem of humanitarian proportions in the Rio Grande Valley Sector,' said Secretary Johnson. 'We have already taken a number of steps to address this issue with the goal to quickly and safely transport the unaccompanied children into the hands of HHS in a safe and humane manner, pursuant to the requirements of the law.'"
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Press Office
2014-06-12
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Nonimmigrant Admissions to the United States: 2013
"Nonimmigrants are foreign nationals granted temporary admission to the United States. The major purposes for which nonimmigrant admission may be authorized include temporary visits for business or pleasure, academic or vocational study, temporary employment, or to act as a representative of a foreign government or international organization. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) collects information on the characteristics of certain nonimmigrant admissions from I-94 arrival records. This Office of Immigration Statistics Annual Flow Report presents information gathered from I-94s on the number and characteristics of nonimmigrant admissions to the United States in 2013. During 2013, there were 173 million nonimmigrant admissions to the United States according to DHS work-load estimates. These admissions included tourists and business travelers from Canada, Mexican nationals with Border Crossing Cards, and nonimmigrants who were issued Form I-94 (I-94 admissions). I-94 admissions accounted for 35 percent (61.1 million) of total non-immigrant admissions (see Figure 1). Ninety percent of I-94 admissions were temporary visitors for business and pleasure, while 4.9 percent were temporary workers and families and 2.9 percent were students. The leading countries of citizenship for I-94 admissions were Mexico, the United Kingdom, and Canada."
United States. Office of Immigration Statistics; United States. Department of Homeland Security
Monger, Randall; Foreman, Katie
2014-07
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South Texas ICE Detention Facility to House Adults With Children [July 31, 2014]
On July 31, 2014, the Department of Homeland Security issued the following press release: "Tomorrow, August 1, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) will begin to use its civil detention facility in Karnes City to house adults with children in response to the influx of families that have recently illegally entered the United States. The newly modified Karnes County Residential Center is one of several facilities the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is using to increase the capacity to detain and expedite the removal of adults with children illegally crossing the Southwest border. These facilities will help ensure more timely and effective removals, and deter others from taking the dangerous journey and illegally crossing into the United States, all while maintaining important due process and protection claims that individuals may have. In addition to the Karnes facility, ICE is also using a temporary facility in Artesia, New Mexico and a long-standing facility in Leesport, Pennsylvania."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Press Office
2014-07-31
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Command and Control: Toward Arctic Unity of Command and Unity of Effort
From the thesis abstract: "This study examines issues facing the U.S. military command and control structure in the Arctic. Specifically, given recent climate changes, the resulting potential threats, and the missions set forth by the commander in chief, what is the most effective command and control structure to provide the requisite unity of command and unity of effort in the Arctic? Looking through the lens of the U.S. Army's design model this study first defines the environment of the Arctic Region as it relates to the changing national security threat facing the United States. This environmental frame discusses recent climate changes and their effects on transportation, shipping, natural resources, and international relationships. Next, given the environmental context, this study establishes four potential problems that would require military employment. These military employment problems are military to military relationships, disaster relief, search and rescue, and violent conflict. This monograph proposes three command and control options to be examined as they relate to the previously identified problems. These three options include redefining geographic combatant command boundaries, assigning a standing Joint Task Force, or maintaining the existing command and control structure. Finally, through a subjective analysis of various command and control options available to the U.S. military, this study provides a recommendation as to the most effective option. The significance of this study is its examination of an emerging national security threat on our nation's northern border through the lens of design. While many military scholars have written on the changes in the Arctic Region, and its implications, few posit any real change to our military structure that would prepare the U.S. to meet the corresponding challenges."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Peeler, Michael J.
2011-05-19
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Managing Critical Isotopes: DOE's Isotope Program Needs Better Planning for Setting Prices and Managing Production Risks, Report to Congressional Requesters
"DOE [Department of Energy] is the only domestic supplier for many of the over 300 different isotopes it sells that are critical to medical, commercial, research, and national security applications. Previous shortages of some isotopes, such as helium-3, an isotope used to detect radiation at seaports and border crossings, highlight the importance of managing supplies of and demand for critical isotopes. Prior reports by GAO [Government Accountability Office] and others highlighted risks and challenges faced by the Isotope Program, such as assessing demand for certain isotopes. GAO was asked to determine (1) which isotopes are produced, sold, or distributed either by the Isotope Program or NNSA [National Nuclear Security Administration] and how the two agencies make isotopes available for commercial and research applications; (2) what steps the Isotope Program takes to provide isotopes for commercial and research applications; and (3) the extent to which DOE is assessing and mitigating risks facing the Isotope Program. GAO reviewed DOE and NNSA documents, visited Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and interviewed cognizant agency officials. GAO recommends, among other actions, that DOE's Isotope Program define what factors it considers when setting isotope prices, create clear objectives as a basis for risk assessment, and consolidate the lists of high-priority isotopes. DOE stated that it will address GAO's recommendations through the Isotope Program's current efforts to update its pricing policy and develop a strategic plan."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2012-05
