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S. Rept. 116-17: Activities of the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs During the 115th Congress, March 25, 2019
From Highlights of Activities: "To improve our Nation's national security, the Committee identified emerging threats facing our Nation and proactively addressed them, whether to help secure our borders, strengthen our cybersecurity and protect critical infrastructure, combat terrorism, or improve the efficiency of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS, or the Department). The Committee helped enact legislation to protect Americans from the threats posed by drones in the hands of malicious actors, shield Federal networks from foreign adversaries, and improve our ability to combat human trafficking. To improve our Nation's economic security, the Committee has continued its job overseeing the Federal Government to help it work better for all Americans. The Committee examined political bias in the Federal bureaucracy, the President's steel and aluminum tariffs, and how the government can get out of the way of patients with terminal illnesses who are looking for new and promising treatments to try. The Committee worked together to approve bipartisan legislation to protect Federal whistleblowers from retaliation, improve the regulatory process, and make the government more efficient. The Committee also approved dozens of bills that protect taxpayer dollars by reducing wasteful government spending and addressing inefficient, duplicative, or nontransparent government programs."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2019-03-25
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Department of Homeland Security: FY 2020 Budget in Brief
From the Funding Priorities: "The FY 2020 President's Budget for DHS provides $51.7 billion in net discretionary funding. An additional $19.4 billion for the Disaster Relief Fund (DRF) is requested for response and recovery to major disasters. The FY 2020 President's Budget strengthens the security of our Nation through border security, immigration enforcement, cybersecurity, and ensures resilience to disasters."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2019-03-18?
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Remarks on Signing a Message to the House of Representatives Returning Without Approval Legislation to Terminate the National Emergency Concerning the Southern Border of the United States and an Exchange with Reporters
From the Document: "As President, the protection of the Nation is my highest duty. Yesterday, Congress passed a dangerous resolution that, if signed into law, would put countless Americans in danger--very grave danger. The Democrat-sponsored resolution would terminate vital border security operations by revoking the national emergency issued last month. It is definitely a national emergency. Rarely have we had such a national emergency. Therefore, to defend the safety and security of all Americans, I will be signing and issuing a formal veto of this reckless resolution."
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Trump, Donald, 1946-
2019-03-15
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Iran's Foreign and Defense Policies [Updated March 15, 2019]
From the Document: "Successive Administrations have identified Iran as a key national security challenge. The Trump Administration encapsulated its assessment of the threat posed by Iran in a late September 2018 State Department report entitled 'Outlaw Regime: A Chronicle of Iran's Destructive Activities.' The report outlines Iran's malign activities as well as a litany of other activities the Administration termed 'the Iranian regime's destructive behavior at home and abroad.' The U.S. intelligence community testified in January 2019 that 'Iran's regional ambitions and improved military capabilities almost certainly will threaten U.S. interests in the coming year, driven by Tehran's perception of increasing U.S., Saudi, and Israeli hostility, as well as continuing border insecurity, and the influence of hardliners.' Successive National Defense Authorization Acts (NDAAs) have required an annual report on Iran's military power, which has in recent years contained assessments of Iran similar to those presented publicly by the intelligence community."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Katzman, Kenneth
2019-03-15
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U.S. Ports of Entry: Update on CBP Public-Private Partnership Programs (March 14, 2019)
From the Document: "On a typical day in fiscal year 2017, over 1 million passengers and pedestrians and over 78,000 truck, rail, and sea containers carrying goods worth approximately $7.2 billion entered the United States through 328 U.S. land, sea, and air ports of entry (POE), according to U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP). Within the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), CBP is the lead federal agency charged with a dual mission of keeping terrorists and their weapons, criminals and their contraband, and inadmissible aliens out of the country while facilitating the flow of legitimate international travel and trade through the nation's POEs. CBP's Office of Field Operations is responsible for conducting passenger and cargo processing activities related to security, trade, immigration, and agricultural inspection at the nation's POEs."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2019-03-14
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Cameroon [Updated March 12, 2019]
From the Document: "Cameroon is a diverse, resource-rich, majority Francophone country bordering the Gulf of Guinea. President Paul Biya, age 86, is one of Africa's longest-serving leaders. He was reelected in 2018 and has no clear successor. Cameroon faces security and humanitarian challenges on three fronts: the Nigerian-origin Boko Haram insurgency in the north, a separatist conflict in the Anglophone provinces in the west, and cross-border threats from the Central African Republic (CAR) in the east, where some 275,000 CAR refugees reside. The state's militarized response to Anglophone unrest has inflamed that conflict, while an early 2019 crackdown on Biya's top Francophone political rival may spark a broader crisis. Cameroon also faces wildlife poaching and piracy in the Gulf of Guinea."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Husted, Tomas F.; Arieff, Alexis
2019-03-12
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Data Flows, Online Privacy, and Trade Policy [March 11, 2019]
From the Document: "'Cross-border data flows' refers to the movement or transfer of information between computer servers across national borders. Such data flows enable people to transmit information for online communication, track global supply chains, share research, provide cross-border services, and support technological innovation. Ensuring open cross-border data flows has been an objective of Congress in recent trade agreements and in broader U.S. international trade policy. The free flow of personal data, however, has raised security and privacy concerns. U.S. trade policy has traditionally sought to balance the need for cross-border data flows, which often include personal data, with online privacy and security. Some stakeholders, including some Members of Congress, believe that U.S. policy should better protect personal data privacy and security, and have introduced legislation to set a national policy. Other policymakers and analysts are concerned about increasing foreign barriers to U.S. digital trade, including data flows."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Fefer, Rachel F.
2019-03-11
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Mexico: Evolution of the Mérida Initiative, 2007-2019 [Updated March 11, 2019]
From the Document: "Violent criminal organizations have threatened security and governance in parts of Mexico for more than a decade. This situation affects U.S. security interests, particularly in the Southwest border region. Although the illicit drug trade has long been prevalent in Mexico, violence has escalated as transnational criminal organizations (TCOs) have fought for control of smuggling routes into the United States. In 2007, Mexico and the United States created the Mérida Initiative, a security and rule-of-law partnership to address drug trafficking and crime. Through this partnership, which has since been the centerpiece of bilateral security cooperation, both countries have invested in a broad range of efforts to combat transnational crime and its consequences. U.S. appropriations for the Mérida Initiative since FY2008 (some $3.0 billion) have constituted only 2% of Mexico's total security budget but have enabled the U.S. government to help shape Mexico's policies."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Seelke, Clare Ribando
2019-03-11
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U.S. Customs and Border Protection: Progress and Challenges in Recruiting, Hiring, and Retaining Law Enforcement Personnel, Statement of Rebecca Gambler, Director, Homeland Security and Justice, Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Oversight, Management, and Accountability, Committee on Homeland Security, House of Representatives
From the Document, "CBP [U.S. Customs and Border Protection] is responsible for securing U.S. borders and employs nearly 45,000 law enforcement officers across its three operational components at and between U.S. ports of entry, in the air and maritime environment, and at certain overseas locations. In recent years, CBP has not attained target staffing levels for its law enforcement positions, citing high attrition rates in some locations, a protracted hiring process, and competition from other law enforcement agencies. This statement addresses CBP's efforts to (1) recruit and more efficiently hire law enforcement applicants, and (2) retain law enforcement officers."
United States. Government Accountability Office
Gambler, Rebecca
2019-03-07
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Border Security: DHS Should Improve the Quality of Unlawful Border Entry Information and Other Metric Reporting, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Document: "According to DHS, the United States has approximately 6,000 miles of land borders, 95,000 miles of coastline, and more than 300 ports of entry where travelers and cargo are inspected and processed for entry. Securing U.S. border areas is a key part of DHS's mission, and the department's ability to measure its border security efforts is essential for it to manage its responsibilities effectively and efficiently. The NDAA [National Defense Authorization Act] for Fiscal Year 2017 requires DHS to report annually on 43 border security metrics. DHS issued its first report in May 2018. The Act also includes a provision for GAO [Government Accountability Office], within 270 days of receipt and biennially for the following 10 years, to review and report on the data and methodology contained in DHS's report. This report assesses the extent to which DHS: (1) reported metrics as outlined in the NDAA using quality information; and (2) validated assumptions and conveyed statistical uncertainty for unlawful entry metrics, among other objectives. GAO assessed the methodology and data in DHS's report, analyzed DHS's use of statistical models, and interviewed officials from DHS offices and components involved in developing the metrics."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2019-03
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Russian Challenges from Now into the Next Generation: A Geostrategic Primer
From the Executive Summary: "U.S. and Western relations with Russia remain challenged as Russia increasingly reasserts itself on the global stage. Russia remains driven by a worldview based on existential threats--real, perceived, and contrived. As a vast, 11-time zone Eurasian nation with major demographic and economic challenges, Russia faces multiple security dilemmas internally and along its vulnerable and expansive borders. Exhibiting a reactive xenophobia stemming from a long history of destructive war and invasion along most of its borders, the collapse of the Soviet Union, the enlargement of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, and perceived Western slights, Russia increasingly threatens others and lashes outward. However, time is not on Russia's side, as it has entered into a debilitating status quo that includes unnecessary confrontation with the West, multiple unresolved military commitments, a sanctions-strained and only partially diversified economy, looming domestic tensions, and a rising China directly along its periphery."
National Defense University. Institute for National Strategic Studies; National Defense University. Center for Strategic Research
Zwack, Peter B.; Pierre, Marie-Charlotte
2019-03
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CBP Border Security Report: Fiscal Year 2018
From the Document: "As the guardian of our nation's borders and the gateway to our global economy, U.S. Customs and Border Protection is a premier law enforcement agency committed to ensuring America's safety, security, and prosperity. [...] This report summarizes CBP's [Customs and Border Protection] Fiscal Year 2018 border enforcement efforts, which reflect CBP's focus on counterterrorism, countering transnational organized crime, and border security."
U.S. Customs and Border Protection; United States. Office of Homeland Security
2019-03
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Definition of National Emergency under the National Emergencies Act [March 1, 2019]
From the Document: "States and various organizations have filed a number of lawsuits challenging President Trump's proclamation of a national emergency in order to secure funding for the construction of physical barrier along the U.S. southern border. The lawsuits assert that no national emergency exists and that the President has overstepped his authority. Some observers are concerned that the declaration of a national emergency under present circumstances will set a precedent for future presidents to declare national emergencies to override Congress on other policy matters. Others have raised alarm about the number of and nature of statutes that provide the President specific authorities once he has proclaimed a national emergency."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Elsea, Jennifer K.
2019-03-01
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Border Patrol Needs a Staffing Model to Better Plan for Hiring More Agents
From the Report: "Border Patrol lacks the data and procedures needed to determine whether it is meeting workload requirements related to investigative and law enforcement activities. Although directed to do so by Congress in 2011, neither CBP [U.S. Customs and Border Protection] nor Border Patrol has completed or submitted a satisfactory workforce staffing model as required. This occurred because Border Patrol has not prioritized or assigned adequate resources to develop and implement such a model to guide its hiring and operations. Without a complete workforce staffing model and accurate data, Border Patrol senior managers are unable to definitively determine the operational need or best placement for the 5,000 agents the Department of Homeland Security was directed to hire per a January 2017 Executive Order. Additionally, Border Patrol officials do not consistently schedule agents' work duties or accurately document actual work hours and duties completed. These deficiencies occurred due to a lack of standard operating procedures, training, and oversight of the information entered into its Border Patrol Enforcement Tracking System. As a result, Border Patrol may not be deploying existing agents in the most efficient and economical manner. In fiscal year 2017, Border Patrol agents received approximately $55.2 million for 1.3 million hours of work that had no supporting documentation to show agents were working as needed to fulfill mission requirements. Good data is essential for Border Patrol to determine its existing and future operational and workload requirements accurately. The Department concurred with the two recommendations."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of Inspector General
2019-02-28
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Eritrea [Updated February 28, 2019]
From the Document, "Eritrea has been called a pariah state by some observers for its poor human rights record, political repression, and history of aid to rebel groups in the region. International support for the country, which gained independence from Ethiopia in 1993, declined after a border war with Ethiopia (1998-2000), amidst a severe crackdown on dissent. Recent political reforms in Ethiopia, however, have precipitated a rapprochement between those two countries, which ended a military stalemate along the border in July 2018. Ethiopia has since facilitated renewed ties between Eritrea and its rivals Djibouti and Somalia. In late 2018, in recognition of 'historic rapprochements in the Horn of Africa,' the U.N. Security Council lifted sanctions that were imposed on Eritrea in 2009 in response to its border conflict with Djibouti and support for armed groups in the region. Such progress notwithstanding, Eritrea remains a closed society in which the government controls the economy and sharply limits civil liberties."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Blanchard, Lauren Ploch; Husted, Tomas F.
2019-02-28
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Department of Homeland Security Border Security Metrics Report (February 26, 2019)
From the Introduction: "As President Donald Trump indicated in Executive Order 13767 'Border Security and Immigration Enforcement Improvements' (January 25, 2017), border security is critically important to the national security of the United States. The Department's ability to measure its border-security inputs, activities, outputs, and outcomes is essential to the effective and efficient management of the Department, including management of the new activities and investments directed by the President's Executive Orders on border security and immigration enforcement. Comprehensive and rigorous performance management data provide DHS leadership with the foundation to support responsible evidence-based decision-making for resource allocation and investments and for operational and mission management. Further, DHS implementation of this approach provides a pair of unifying border security goals under the Department's mission to secure and manage U.S. borders. As summarized in the 2014 DHS Quadrennial Homeland Security Review (QHSR), the Department's first two goals under the border security mission area are to 'Secure U.S. Air, Land, and Sea Borders and Approaches' by preventing illegal entry and to 'Safeguard and Expedite Lawful Travel and Trade' by safeguarding key nodes, conveyances, and pathways, and by managing the risk of people and goods in transit. Ultimately, the border security metrics described in this report are designed to assess the ability of the Department's border security policies and investments to achieve these outcomes."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2019-02-26
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Report 2019-01 of the DHS Data Privacy and Integrity Advisory Committee (DPIAC): Privacy Recommendations in Connection with the Use of Facial Recognition Technology
From the Tasking: "On September 11, 2017, the DHS Chief Privacy Officer requested that the DPIAC [Data Privacy and Integrity Advisory Committee] provide guidance on best practices for the use of biometrics, specifically facial recognition technology, for identification purposes. The tasking asked the following: [1] How can CBP [U.S. Customs and Border Protection] provide adequate and meaningful notice in both airports and land border environments to individuals regarding the collection of biometrics from new populations and at exit, where most travelers have not typically encountered CBP in the past? [2] Are there standards or guidance CBP should take into consideration when determining how long a photo is useful and reliable for facial recognition purposes? [...] [3] Facial matching algorithms have often proven less accurate with certain demographic groups. What are business standard measurements for ensuring facial recognition accuracy across all demographics? Please provide recommendations for matching against a small fixed gallery (one-to-few) as well as general large gallery (one-to-many). [4] It is extremely resource consuming for trained CBP Officers to operate the cameras at the boarding gates; how can CBP best leverage private industry to facilitate this collection? What sort of data protections should the government pursue with private industry? This report represents the results of that review and addresses a number of recommendations related to the DHS Privacy Office's request."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2019-02-26
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Port Isabel Service Processing Center: Final Environmental Assessment
From the Purpose and Need for the Project: "The Port Isabel Service Processing Center (commonly referred to as the Port Isabel Detention Center or PIDC) is located at 27991 Buena Vista Boulevard, Los Fresnos, Texas. Los Fresnos is part of Cameron County, the southernmost county in Texas. The U.S./Mexico border lies to the south of Cameron County. The Department of Homeland Security's (DHS) Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) proposes a variety of improvements at the existing Port Isabel Service Processing Center (SPC), including construction, renovations, expansion, and demolition. ICE has prepared this Final Environmental Assessment (EA) in compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969 (42 United States Code [USC] 4321 et seq.) and other relevant federal and state laws and regulations. This Final EA discloses the direct, indirect, and cumulative environmental impacts that would result from the proposed action and alternatives."
U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement; United States. Department of Homeland Security
2019-02-21
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Declaring a National Emergency Concerning the Southern Border of the United States: Proclamation 9844 by the President of the United States of America, February 15, 2019
Proclamation 9844 issued by the president on February 15, 2019, declares a state of national emergency at the southern border to address the issues of illegal immigration and criminal trafficking into the United States: "The current situation at the southern border presents a border security and humanitarian crisis that threatens core national security interests and constitutes a national emergency. The southern border is a major entry point for criminals, gang members, and illicit narcotics. The problem of large-scale unlawful migration through the southern border is long-standing, and despite the executive branch's exercise of existing statutory authorities, the situation has worsened in certain respects in recent years. [...] Because of the gravity of the current emergency situation, it is necessary for the Armed Forces to provide additional support to address the crisis."
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Trump, Donald, 1946-
2019-02-15
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H. Doc. 116-9: Declaring a National Emergency Concerning the Southern Border of the United States, February 15, 2019
From the Letter of President Donald Trump: "I hereby report that I have exercised my authority to declare a national emergency in order to address the border security and humanitarian crisis that is threatening the United States. This declaration invokes section 12302 of title 10, United States Code, to allow the Secretary of Defense, and the Secretary of each relevant military department, as appropriate and consistent with applicable law, to order units or members of the Ready Reserve to active duty in order to assist and support the activities of the Secretary of Homeland Security at the southern border. Further, I have invoked section 2808 of title 10, United States Code, and authorized the Secretary of Defense, and at his discretion, the Secretaries of the military departments, to exercise the authority under that section to engage in emergency construction as necessary to support the use of the Armed Forces and respond to the crisis at our southern border."
United States. Government Printing Office
2019-02-15
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Unaccompanied Children: Agency Efforts to Identify and Reunify Children Separated from Parents at the Border, Statement of Kathryn A. Larin, Director, Education, Workforce, and Income Security and Rebecca Gambler, Director, Homeland Security and Justice, Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives
"On April 6, 2018, the Attorney General issued a memorandum on criminal prosecutions of immigration offenses. According to HHS [Department of Health and Human
Services] officials, this resulted in a considerable increase in the number of minor children whom DHS [Department of Homeland Security] separated from their parents after attempting to cross the U.S. border illegally. On June 20, 2018, the President issued an executive order directing that alien families generally be detained together, and on June 26, 2018, a federal judge ordered the government to reunify separated families. DHS is responsible for the apprehension and transfer of UAC [Unaccompanied Alien Children] to HHS. HHS is responsible for coordinating UAC placement and care. This testimony discusses DHS and HHS (1) planning efforts related to the Attorney General's April 2018 memo, (2) systems for indicating children were separated from parents, and (3) actions to reunify families in response to the June 2018 court order. It is based on a report GAO [Government Accountability Office] issued in October 2018. This testimony also includes updated data reported by the government on the number children separated from their parents subject to the court's reunification order and the number of those children in ORR custody as of December 11, 2018."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2019-02-07
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Finding of No Significant Impact: For Improvements at the Port Isabel Service Processing Center, Port Isabel, Texas
From the Background: "United States (U.S.) Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) is the principal investigative arm of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the second largest investigative agency in the Federal government. ICE's primary mission is to promote homeland security and public safety through criminal and civil enforcement of Federal laws governing border control, customs, trade, and immigration. To ensure ICE's primary mission is achieved, ICE proposes to implement facility improvement projects at its Port Isabel Service Processing Center (SPC). The projects would ensure that adequate facilities and infrastructure resources are available for the efficient and lawful operation of the Port Isabel SPC. This effort is critical to the effective and efficient operations associated with detention and removal in and around ICE's San Antonio Field Office Area of Operations (AO). In accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) (42 U.S. Code 4321-4347), ICE has prepared an Environmental Assessment (EA) of its action to implement a variety of improvements related to modernization of the existing Port Isabel Service Processing Center (SPC)."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2019-02
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'Migrant Protection Protocols': Legal Issues Related to DHS's Plan to Require Arriving Asylum Seekers to Wait in Mexico [February 1, 2019]
"Through two press releases posted on its website--the first on December 20, 2018, and the second on January 24, 2019--the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has announced a new policy that could require many asylum seekers who arrive at the southern border to wait in Mexico while U.S. immigration courts process their cases. DHS calls the new policy the 'Migrant Protection Protocols' (MPP) and contends that it will serve to address a 'security and humanitarian crisis on the Southern border.' Details about the policy's implementation are still developing. A DHS memorandum indicates that the MPP went into effect at the San Ysidro port of entry (south of San Diego) on January 28, 2019, and that DHS anticipates expanding implementation of the new policy 'in the near future.' According to media reports, DHS first returned an asylum seeker to Mexico under the policy on January 29, 2019, when it returned to Tijuana one Honduran national who presented himself at San Ysidro. The next day, DHS returned about a dozen more asylum seekers to Tijuana from San Ysidro, according to a report."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Harrington, Ben; Smith, Hillel R.
2019-02-01
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Congress and the War in Yemen: Oversight and Legislation 2015-2019 [Updated February 1, 2019]
"This product provides an overview of the role Congress has played in shaping U.S. policy toward the conflict in Yemen. Summary tables provide information on legislative proposals considered in the 115th and 116th Congresses. Various legislative proposals have reflected a range of congressional perspectives and priorities, including with regard to [1] the authorization of the activities of the U.S. Armed Forces related to the conflict; [2] the extent of U.S. logistical, material, advisory, and intelligence support for the coalition led by Saudi Arabia; [3] the approval, disapproval, or conditioning of U.S. arms sales to Saudi Arabia; [4] the appropriation of funds for U.S. operations in support of the Saudi-led coalition; [5] the conduct of the Saudi-led coalition's air campaign and its adherence to international humanitarian law and the laws of armed conflict; [6] the demand for greater humanitarian access to Yemen; [7] the call for a wider government assessment of U.S. policy toward Yemen and U.S. support to parties to the conflict; [8] the nature and extent of U.S.-Saudi counterterrorism and border security cooperation; and [9] the role of Iran in supplying missile technology and other weapons to the forces of the Houthi movement."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sharp, Jeremy Maxwell; Blanchard, Christopher M.
2019-02-01
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Drug Trafficking at the Southwest Border: Homeland Security Issues in the 116th Congress [Updated January 31, 2019]
"The United States sustains a multi-billion dollar illegal drug market. An estimated 28.6 million Americans, or 10.6% of the population age 12 or older, had used illicit drugs at least once in the past month in 2016. The 2018 National Drug Threat Assessment indicates that Mexican transnational criminal organizations (TCOs) continue to dominate the U.S. drug market. They 'remain the greatest criminal drug threat to the United States; no other group is currently positioned to challenge them.' The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) indicates that these TCOs maintain and expand their influence by controlling lucrative smuggling corridors along the Southwest border and by engaging in business alliances with other criminal networks, transnational gangs, and U.S.-based gangs."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Finklea, Kristin
2019-01-31
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CBP Releases Apprehension Data [January 24, 2019]
On January 24, 2019, the Department of Homeland Security issued the following press release: "Today, United States Customs and Border Protection released new information regarding the number of family units apprehended along the southwest border and the demographics of large groups apprehended in recent months by the United States Border Patrol (USBP). As of today, USBP has seen a surge in Family Unit Aliens compared to the same time from last fiscal year by 280%. Fiscal Year 2018 was a record year and this year will surpass that if the current trend continues without any legislative fixes. Overall apprehensions between the POE's [Port of Entry] are up 81%."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Press Office
2019-01-24
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 268: End the Shutdown and Secure the Border Act
This document presents table of "CBO [Congressional Budget Office] Estimate for Divisions A-G of Senate Amendment 5 to H.R. 268--End the Shutdown and Secure the Border Act," "CBO Estimate for Division H of Senate Amendment 5 to H.R. 268" and "CBO Estimate of Fiscal Year 2019 Discretionary Appropriations, Including Previously Enacted Legislation."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2019-01-24
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Asylum and Related Protections for Aliens Who Fear Gang and Domestic Violence [January 15, 2019]
From the Document: "Over the past year, non-U.S. nationals (aliens) from Central America (primarily Honduras, El Salvador, and Guatemala) have comprised an increasingly larger share of asylum applicants in the United States. And more recently, a 'caravan' of thousands of individuals from Honduras has been traveling north across the Guatemala-Mexico border, with many reportedly seeking to escape widespread gang and domestic violence in Honduras. Previously, federal courts and immigration authorities have considered when such circumstances may raise a viable claim for asylum or other forms of relief from removal. In June 2018, Attorney General (AG) Jeff Sessions ruled in Matter of A-B- that aliens who fear gang or domestic violence in their home countries generally do not qualify for asylum based on those grounds--a ruling that is binding upon immigration authorities within both the Department of Justice (DOJ) and Department of Homeland Security (DHS). The decision may foreclose some claims of relief by asylum seekers, and subject more aliens apprehended along the border to expedited removal in lieu of the more formalized removal process available to aliens whose asylum claims are deemed sufficiently credible to warrant further review."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Smith, Hillel R.
2019-01-15
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Judicial Rulings Ending the Obama Administration's Family Detention Policy: Implications for Illegal Immigration and Border Security
"The political debate over immigration--both legal and illegal--has become steadily more divisive over the last few decades, resulting in a policy stalemate. The complexity, inadequacy of information, and changing nature of the problem only deepen the challenge of finding solutions. [...] No one really knows how many people enter the United States illegally each year, or how many people currently reside in the country illegally. The number of apprehensions is often used as a surrogate statistic to estimate the levels of illegal immigration and residency. It is an imperfect surrogate to say the least. To illustrate one distortion, some Mexican migrants living close to the border who attempt to enter the country illegally may be apprehended multiple times. Migrants from Central America who are apprehended and returned to their countries of origin do not have the same opportunity for multiple illegal crossings. As a result, multiple apprehensions of Mexicans tend to overstate the assumed extent of illegal immigration. Even the definition of 'apprehension' itself has changed over time, further distorting the numbers. [...] The goal of any immigration reform should be to deter and reduce the number of people entering illegally, overstaying a visa, or entering without proper documentation. Immigration should be a legal and controlled process. Over the last 30 years, Congress has passed multiple bills that are either primarily designed to fix this problem or that have elements that attempt to address it. [...] [I]n spite of these attempted legislative fixes, the problem has only continued to grow."
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs
Johnson, Ron, 1955-
2019-01-10
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H. Rept. 115-1127: Legislative and Oversight Activities of the Committee on Homeland Security, Report Together with Additional Views, January 2, 2019
"The Committee on Homeland Security met on February 1, 2017, for an organizational meeting for the 115th Congress under the direction of Chairman Michael T. McCaul of Texas. The Committee Membership, was set at 32 Members with 18 Republicans and 14 Democrats. The Committee established six Subcommittees: The Subcommittee on Counterterrorism and Intelligence; the Subcommittee on Border and Maritime Security; the Subcommittee on Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Protection; the Subcommittee on Oversight and Management Efficiency; the Subcommittee on Transportation and Protective Security; and the Subcommittee on Emergency Preparedness, Response, and Communications."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2019-01-02
