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Fact Sheet: Distinctions between Human Smuggling and Human Trafficking
"This fact sheet will explain the differences between human smuggling and human trafficking. Because these are complex crimes, it is not always readily apparent when a 'human smuggling' case crosses into the realm of a 'human trafficking' crime. Understanding the basic principals outlined in this fact sheet will assist the reader in identifying the subtle differences between each of these crimes. For this discussion, the terms 'human trafficking' and 'trafficking in persons' refer strictly to 'severe forms of trafficking' as defined in 22 USC 7102. As in any other area involving complex crimes, it is important to gather and examine as many relevant facts as possible, compare the fact pattern against relevant statutes, and when necessary, seek expert legal advice in making determinations."
Human Smuggling and Trafficking Center (U.S.)
2005-01
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Case Management and the Victim of Human Trafficking: A Critical Service for Client Success
From the Study Overview: "This is the fourth in a series of Issue Briefs produced under a contract with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE), to conduct a study of HHS programs serving human trafficking victims. [...] This issue brief focuses on the importance of case management in working with international victims of human trafficking from the point of identication until a victim reaches self-sufficiency. This brief looks at the characteristics of an effective case manager along with the benefits not only to victims but also to other key stakeholders, including law enforcement and service providers. This brief also examines the challenges to effective case management and the implications for victim recovery. While much of the information presented in this issue brief may also apply to the case management of U.S. citizen and legal permanent resident (or 'domestic') trafficking victims, the focus is more directly on international victims due to the restrictions of available federal funding to this population."
United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation
Clawson, Heather J.; Dutch, Nicole
2008-06?
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Trafficking in Persons Report, June 2014
This is a compilation from the U.S. Department of State's "Trafficking in Persons Report 2014" index webpage. Additional materials pertaining to the report's release on June 20, 2014 are available on the index page. From the report's "Methodology" section on page 39: "The U.S. Department of State prepared this 'Report' using information from U.S. embassies, government officials, non-governmental and international organizations, published reports, news articles, academic studies, research trips to every region of the world, and information submitted to tipreport@state. gov. This email address provides a means by which organizations and individuals can share information with the Department of State on government progress in addressing trafficking. U.S. diplomatic posts and domestic agencies reported on the trafficking situation and governmental action to fight trafficking based on thorough research that included meetings with a wide variety of government officials, local and international NGO representatives, officials of international organizations, journalists, academics, and survivors. U.S. missions overseas are dedicated to covering human trafficking issues. The 2014 'TIP [Trafficking in Persons] Report' covers government efforts undertaken from April 1, 2013 through March 31, 2014."
United States. Department of State
2014-06
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Readout of Secretary Napolitano's Discussion on Human Trafficking at the Danish Institute for International Studies [November 3, 2009]
"Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Secretary Janet Napolitano today delivered remarks about expanding international coordination to combat human trafficking at a forum hosted by Humanity in Action and the Danish Institute for International Studies. 'Human trafficking is a global problem that requires a global solution.' said Secretary Napolitano. 'The United States, Denmark and all our international partners must continue to work together to better identify and dismantle criminal trafficking organizations.' During the forum, Secretary Napolitano highlighted the efforts of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) to dismantle global human trafficking infrastructure through close cooperation with the Danish National Police and international law enforcement partners and more than 300 ICE Victim Assistance Coordinators worldwide who work with non-governmental organizations to help provide long-term assistance efforts."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Press Office
2009-11-03
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Coffee Break Training: Human Trafficking
"Human trafficking is a crime and a human rights abuse involving commercial sexual exploitation of a child or the use of force, coercion, or fraud to compel someone into labor servitude or commercial sexual exploitation. Thousands of men, women, and children are trafficked in the United States every year. Many of these victims are lured from their homes with false promises of well-paying jobs; instead, they are forced into prostitution, involuntary domestic servitude, farm or factory labor, or other types of forced labor. Approximately one-third of human trafficking victims are treated by medical providers. Similar to observing patients for signs of abuse, fire and emergency medical services (EMS) responders should be aware of the signs of human trafficking."
United States Fire Administration
2012-02-02
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S. Hrg. 114-179: Human Trafficking Investigation, Hearing Before the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, First Session, November 19, 2015
This is the November 19, 2015 hearing on "Human Trafficking Investigation," held before the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. From the opening statement of Rob Portman: "Over the past 7 months, this Subcommittee has conducted a bipartisan investigation into how sex traffickers increasingly use the Internet to advance their trade and to evade detection. The aim of this investigation is very straightforward. We want to understand how lawmakers, law enforcement, even private businesses can more effectively combat this serious crime that thrives on this online black market. As Co-Chair of the Senate Caucus to End Human Trafficking and, maybe more importantly, as someone who represents a State that has experienced some abhorrent sex-trafficking networks, and, maybe most importantly, as a father, this is an issue that I feel strongly about and have worked on over a number of years. I have spent time with those dedicated to fighting this crime and those victimized by it. For victims, the toll of sex trafficking is measured in stolen childhoods and long-lasting trauma. For traffickers, it is measured in dollars, often a lot of dollars. It is a problem that I believe Congress should pay more attention to." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Yiota G. Souras and Darwin P. Roberts.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2016
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Annotated Bibliography Review of Child Labor Information and Forced Labor Information, Volume I: Afghanistan-Dominican Republic
"ICF Macro conducted desk research on behalf of the Office of Child Labor, Forced Labor, and Human Trafficking (OCFT) at the U.S. Department of Labor (USDOL) regarding the use of forced labor and child labor in foreign countries. The desk research involved creating an annotated bibliography on available literature in over 170 countries. ICF Macro consultants with topical, regional, and/or language expertise, conducted comprehensive reviews of all publicly available resources, in English and other major languages, related to forced and child labor in the selected countries. The literature review included academic papers, news articles, and other media resources, as well as reports and documents written by multilateral agencies, international organizations, U.S. and other national government agencies, and nongovernmental organizations. The results are presented in a five-volume publication, organized alphabetically by country, with separate bibliographies for child labor and forced labor. For each volume, an index organized by labor sector or activity is provided."
United States. Bureau of International Labor Affairs. Office of Child Labor, Forced Labor, and Human Trafficking
ICF Macro (Firm)
2009
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Human Trafficking: New Global Estimates of Forced Labor and Modern Slavery [October 18, 2017]
"As part of long-standing congressional interest in global human trafficking, some Members have consistently sought greater fidelity in quantifying human trafficking's prevalence. In September, the International Labor Organization (ILO) and the advocacy organization Walk Free Foundation, in partnership with the International Organization of Migration (IOM), released a new report on the global prevalence of modern slavery (including forced marriage) and forced labor (including sex trafficking and government-imposed forced labor). The report estimated that 40.3 million people were victims of modern slavery in 2016--including 24.9 million people in forced labor and 15.4 million people in forced marriage [...]. The estimate was based on a new methodology, derived from multiple data sources, household surveys, probabilistic modeling, and analytic reviews of secondary sources. Using 2012-2016 as the reference period for the study, it concluded that some 89 million people had experienced modern slavery in the past five years. The report additionally stressed that its estimates are conservative, noting the lack of data due to underreporting--particularly in conflict zones (estimates of child soldiers, for example, were not included)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Rosen, Liana W.
2017-10-18
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Trafficking in Persons Report, 20th Edition
From the Document: "This year marks a major milestone--the 20th anniversary of the TIP [Trafficking in Persons] Report. Twenty years ago, when the United States Congress passed the TVPA [Trafficking Victims Protection Act] mandating this report, it signaled the U.S. government's resolve to fight human trafficking and marked a pivot from indignation to positive action. Whether used to raise awareness, spark dialogue, spur action, or create a system of accountability, the TIP Report has served to reinforce global anti-trafficking norms and ideals. At a time when many governments denied the existence of human trafficking in all its forms, the TIP Report became a standard-bearer for the principles enshrined in the TVPA and the UN Trafficking in Persons Protocol (Palermo Protocol). Throughout the last two decades, and as the availability of information on human trafficking has expanded, the TIP Report has grown in both its breadth and depth of analysis. [...] The introduction this year will provide a look back at the evolution of the TIP Report. It is a celebration of 20 years documenting progress in combating human trafficking and, as always, a candid reminder of the work yet to be done."
United States. Department of State
2020-06
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 3813: Combating Human Trafficking in Commercial Vehicles Act
"H.R. 3813 would require the Department of Transportation (DOT) to designate an official to coordinate agency activities designed to prevent and address human trafficking, establish an advisory committee on human trafficking within DOT, and to authorize the use of certain grant funds administered by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) for activities related to preventing human trafficking. Using information from DOT, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing the provisions of the bill would require one or two additional employees per year over the 2019-2022 period, at a total cost of $1 million. Such spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2017-12-12
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Human Trafficking 101
Department of Homeland Security Blue Campaign Info-Sheet on human trafficking: "Human trafficking is modern-day slavery and involves the use of force, fraud, or coercion to obtain some type of labor or commercial sex act. Millions of men, women, and children are trafficked into forced labor situations and into the sex trade worldwide. Many of these victims are lured from their homes with false promises of well-paying jobs; instead, they are forced or coerced into prostitution, domestic servitude, or other types of forced labor. Victims are found in legitimate and illegitimate labor industries, including sweatshops, massage parlors, agricultural fields, restaurants, hotels, and domestic service."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2016-09-09?
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DHS Anti-Human Trafficking Efforts
Department of Homeland Security Blue Campaign Info-Sheet on the efforts being made to end human trafficking: "The Blue Campaign is the unified voice for the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's (DHS) efforts to combat human trafficking. Working in collaboration with law enforcement, government, and non-governmental and private organizations, the Blue Campaign strives to protect the basic right of freedom, and to bring those who exploit human lives to justice."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2016-09-09?
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Trafficking in Persons Report, June 2016
"The global anti-trafficking movement, now well into its second decade, has successfully used the 3P paradigm of prosecution, protection, and prevention to strengthen how the world combats trafficking in persons. Governments committed to enhancing prosecution of traffickers have enacted laws that criminalize all forms of human trafficking and prescribe sufficiently stringent sentences. Protection efforts have empowered individuals to move beyond their victimization and rebuild their lives with dignity, security, and respect. Prevention measures have provided communities around the world with valuable information about the risks of human trafficking, elevating public consciousness about this crime. Yet so much work remains. Despite sustained anti-trafficking efforts, millions of individuals are bound by mental, physical, and financial coercion and manipulation by traffickers who exploit their vulnerabilities for profit. Whether they are victims of sex or labor trafficking, the suffering of these individuals is unconscionable. Meanwhile, the broader effects of human trafficking on society must also be addressed--from the splintering of families and communities and the distortion of global markets, to the weakening of the rule of law and strengthening of transnational organized criminal networks."
United States. Department of State
2016-06
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Trafficking in Persons Report, June 2011
"If the 2010 Trafficking in Persons (TIP) Report marked anniversaries and reflected on progress made, the 2011 TIP Report introduces a new era of truly comprehensive approaches to combating human trafficking. In the past decade, the community of nations has moved away from reflexive denial that this crime still exists and has adopted instead a wide range of policies and partnerships. This shift has been driven in no small part by the impact of the annual TIP Reports, the rapid acceptance of the United Nations' Palermo Protocol, and the insistence of civil society that this crime not be ignored. Governments now acknowledge the modern methods used to compel service and the impact on its victims. There is broad consensus on the appropriate response; 142 countries have ratified the Palermo Protocol, and 128 countries have enacted laws prohibiting all forms of human trafficking. Each year sees advances in prosecutions, victim identification, and protection and prevention measures. And unlike a decade ago, the language of abolition has reached the upper echelons of government. The fact that a form of slavery still exists in the modern era and that it must be confronted is now spoken of by heads of state and CEOs, at shareholder meetings, in church groups, and around the blogosphere."
United States. Department of State
2011-06
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Integrating Human Trafficking with School Emergency Operations Plans (EOPS)
This document contains a list of webinar resources related to the integration of human trafficking considerations into school emergency operations plans (EOPS).
Readiness and Emergency Management for Schools Technical Assistance Center (U.S.)
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Trafficking in Persons Report - June 2017
"The modern anti-trafficking movement commenced in earnest with the adoption of the Palermo Protocol in 2000, and since then has grown substantially. Governments have made progress and continue to work to pass and implement legislation criminalizing all forms of human trafficking, collaborate with civil society and human trafficking survivors to strengthen victim protections at the policy and grassroots levels, and take prevention measures and raise public awareness about the dangers and indicators of modern slavery. While this progress is encouraging, traffickers around the world continue to exploit millions of victims in forced labor and sex trafficking. This multi-billion dollar industry destroys families and communities, weakens the rule of law, strengthens criminal networks, and offends universal concepts of human decency. Although support from civil society and international organizations has led to more holistic and effective anti-trafficking solutions, governments bear primary responsibility for addressing human trafficking. That is why the Trafficking in Persons (TIP) Report annually measures government efforts across the 3P paradigm of prosecuting traffickers, protecting victims, and preventing the crime."
United States. Department of State
2017-06
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H. Rept. 114-855, Part 1: DHS Human Trafficking Prevention Act of 2016, Report to Accompany H.R. 4383, December 8, 2016
From the Purpose and Summary: "The purpose of H.R. 4383 is to require the Secretary of Homeland Security to enhance Department of Homeland Security coordination on how to identify and record information regarding individuals suspected or convicted of human trafficking, and for other purposes."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2016-12-08
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Human Trafficking Task Force e-Guide
"Developed in partnership by the U.S. Department of Justice's Office for Victims of Crime (OVC) and Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA), this Guide is a resource to support established task forces and provide guidance to agencies that are forming task forces. Its purpose is to assist in the development and day to day operations of an anti-human trafficking task force and to provide fundamental guidance for effective task force operations."
United States. Office of Justice Programs. Office for Victims of Crime
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S. Hrg. 114-290: Adequacy of the Department of Health and Human Services' Efforts to Protect Unaccompanied Alien Children From Human Trafficking, Hearing Before the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, Second Session, January 28, 2016
This is the January 28, 2016 hearing "Adequacy of the Department of Health and Human Services' Efforts to Protect Unaccompanied Alien Children From Human Trafficking" before the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. From the opening statement of Rob Portman: "Six months ago, many of my constituents in Ohio opened their morning papers to read the shocking news that law enforcement had discovered a human-trafficking ring operating in Marion, Ohio--a small town about 50 miles north of Columbus, Ohio. Six defendants were charged with enslaving multiple victims, including more than six migrant children from Guatemala, on egg farms in Marion County, Ohio. The details of the crime laid out by U.S. Attorney Steve Dettelbach were chilling. Traffickers lured the child victims to the United States with the promise of schooling and a better life. The parents of some of the victims even signed over the deeds to their properties back home as collateral for debt incurred to pay for the journey. But not long after their arrival, these children--some as young as 14 years old--were forced to work 12 hours a day, 6 to 7 days a week. The work was grueling. And the living conditions were squalid, with children packed into a dilapidated trailer. They said that some of the kids were living on mattresses underneath the trailer." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Mark Greenberg, Tiffany Nelms, Jennifer Justice, and Kimberly Haynes.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2016
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Human Trafficking 101: Acquisition Workforce
Department of Homeland Security Blue Campaign Info-Sheet on the Acquisition Workforce: "Members of the acquisition workforce have responsibilities in all phases of an acquisition to ensure that the U.S. Government is taking action to prevent, report, and remedy human trafficking in federal contracts."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2016-12-02?
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Transnational Crime Issues: Human Trafficking [July 19, 2018]
"Trafficking in persons, or human trafficking, is a domestic and international phenomenon that refers to the subjection of men, women, and children to exploitative conditions that may be tantamount to slavery. In 2000, Congress defined 'severe forms of trafficking in persons' to mean sex trafficking in which a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person induced to perform such act has not attained 18 years of age; or the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for labor or services, through the use of force, fraud, or coercion for the purpose of subjection to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Rosen, Liana W.; Weber, Michael A.
2018-07-19
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Trafficking in Persons Report, June 2012
"The United States' commitment to fighting modern slavery did not simply materialize 12 years ago with the passage of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act or the adoption the same year of the U.N. Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children (Palermo Protocol). This country's tragic history is not forgotten, nor are the bloodshed and lives lost in the fight to end state-sanctioned slavery. The year 2012 will mark the 150th anniversary of the date Abraham Lincoln gave notice of the Emancipation Proclamation. That document and the 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution, following three years later, represent more than policies written on paper. They represent the promise of freedom. […] Human trafficking appears in many guises. It might take the form of compelled commercial sexual exploitation, the prostitution of minors, debt bondage, or forced labor. The United States government, and increasingly, the international community, view 'trafficking in persons' as the term through which all forms of modern slavery are criminalized. Why, then, are so many different actions considered the same crime? Why are so many terms used to describe one human rights abuse? Exploitation lies at the core of modern slavery. Whether held on a worksite or trapped in prostitution, a victim of this crime has suffered an infringement of the right to be free from enslavement."
United States. Department of State
2012-06
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Trafficking in Persons Report, July 2015
From the Department of State website: "The Trafficking in Persons (TIP) Report is the U.S. Government's principal diplomatic tool to engage foreign governments on human trafficking. It is also the world's most comprehensive resource of governmental anti-human trafficking efforts and reflects the U.S. Government's commitment to global leadership on this key human rights and law enforcement issue. It represents an updated, global look at the nature and scope of trafficking in persons and the broad range of government actions to confront and eliminate it. The U.S. Government uses the TIP Report to engage foreign governments in dialogues to advance anti-trafficking reforms and to combat trafficking and to target resources on prevention, protection and prosecution programs. Worldwide, the report is used by international organizations, foreign governments, and nongovernmental organizations alike as a tool to examine where resources are most needed. Freeing victims, preventing trafficking, and bringing traffickers to justice are the ultimate goals of the report and of the U.S Government's anti-human trafficking policy."
United States. Department of State
2015-07
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Continued Presence: Temporary Immigration Status for Victims of Human Trafficking
"This Immigration & Customs Enforcement (ICE) pamphlet explains Continued Presence - a temporary immigration status provided to individuals identified by law enforcement as victims of human trafficking. This status allows victims who are potential witnesses to remain in the U.S. temporarily during the ongoing investigation into the crimes committed against them. The pamphlet includes information on how to request Continued Presence, who authorizes it, useful facts, and eligibility requirements."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2010-07
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Proclamation 8924: National Slavery and Human Trafficking Prevention Month, 2013, December 31, 2012
"This month, we rededicate ourselves to stopping one of the greatest human rights abuses of our time. Around the world, millions of men, women, and children are bought, sold, beaten, and abused, locked in compelled service and hidden in darkness. They toil in factories and fields; in brothels and sweatshops; at sea, abroad, and at home. They are the victims of human trafficking--a crime that amounts to modern-day slavery. As Americans, we have long rejected such cruelty. We have recognized it as a debasement of our common humanity and an affront to the principles we cherish. And for more than a century, we have made it a national mission to bring slavery and human trafficking to an end. My Administration has been deeply committed to carrying this legacy forward-- beginning with trafficking that happens on our own shores. We have strengthened protections so all workers know their rights, expanded efforts to identify and serve domestic victims, devoted new resources to dismantling trafficking networks, and put more traffickers behind bars than ever before. In the months ahead, we will continue to take action by empowering investigators and law enforcement with the training they need, and by engaging businesses, advocates, and students in developing cutting-edge tools people can use to stay safe. We will invest in helping trafficking victims rebuild their lives. And as one of the world's largest purchasers of goods and services, the Federal Government will keep leading by example, further strengthening protections to help ensure that American tax dollars never support forced labor."
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Obama, Barack
2012-12-31
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S. Rept. 115-188: No Human Trafficking on Our Roads Act, Report of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation on S. 1532, November 30, 2017
From Purpose and Background: "The purpose of S. 1532, the No Human Trafficking on Our Roads Act, would provide a lifetime ban from operating a commercial motor vehicle (CMV) for an individual who uses a CMV in committing a felony involving a severe form of trafficking in persons. [...] Current law prohibits an individual from operating a CMV if the individual is convicted of any of nine different enumerated offenses, including alcohol abuse, negligent manslaughter, and drug trafficking. The proposed legislation would add a felony involving a severe form of trafficking in persons to the list of disqualifying offenses, and like a controlled substance violation (49 U.S.C. 31310 (d)), the disqualification would be for life."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2017-11-30
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Trafficking in Persons Report, June 2018
From the Department of State website: "The Trafficking in Persons (TIP) Report is the U.S. Government's principal diplomatic tool to engage foreign governments on human trafficking. It is also the world's most comprehensive resource of governmental anti-human trafficking efforts and reflects the U.S. Government's commitment to global leadership on this key human rights and law enforcement issue. It represents an updated, global look at the nature and scope of trafficking in persons and the broad range of government actions to confront and eliminate it. The U.S. Government uses the TIP Report to engage foreign governments in dialogues to advance anti-trafficking reforms and to combat trafficking and to target resources on prevention, protection and prosecution programs. Worldwide, the report is used by international organizations, foreign governments, and nongovernmental organizations alike as a tool to examine where resources are most needed. Freeing victims, preventing trafficking, and bringing traffickers to justice are the ultimate goals of the report and of the U.S Government's anti-human trafficking policy." From the Report: "This year's Trafficking in Persons Report highlights some of the elements of an effective community-based approach, the challenges in implementing such initiatives, and the opportunities national governments have to facilitate coordination, cooperation, and responsibility-sharing with and between local governments and communities."
United States. Department of State
2018-06
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Human Trafficking: A Growing Criminal Market in the U.S.
"Human trafficking has become a lucrative criminal market in the United States. The commodities involved in this illicit trade are men, women, and children. Traffickers transport undocumented migrants into the U.S. for work in licit, semi-illicit and illicit industries. The traffickers' foremost goal is to maximize profits- often resulting in physical and mental exploitation of the victims. The sale and distribution of trafficked humans in the U.S. is a global, regional, and national phenomenon. Women and children are trafficked short distances within the U.S. (small towns to bigger cities), as well as coming from as far away as China, Ukraine and Thailand. The International Organization for Migration (IOM) estimates that of the100 million migrants worldwide, about 4 million are undocumented, i.e., migrants who have been smuggled or trafficked (Graycar, 1999). The U.S. Department of State, has estimated that at any given time, there are hundreds of thousands of people in the pipeline, being warehoused by traffickers, waiting for new routes to open up or documents to become available- and their primary target is the United States (Body Sellers, 1995)."
National Institute of Justice (U.S.)
Finckenauer, James O.; Schrock, Jennifer
2007
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 1532: No Human Trafficking on Our Roads Act
"S. 1532 would permanently prohibit anyone who has used a commercial vehicle to commit a felony involving human trafficking from operating a commercial motor vehicle in the future. Based on information from the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing the bill would have no significant effect on the federal budget. State agencies that issue driver's licenses would be responsible for implementing the prohibition in the bill. Based on information from FMCSA, CBO expects that the agency would need to change policies and procedures as well as update the training that it offers for state inspectors and investigators who are responsible for combating criminal activities such as drug and human trafficking. For such work, CBO estimates that the agency would require about half the time of one full-time employee annually over the 2018-2022 period. CBO estimates that implementing the provisions of the bill would cost less than $500,000 over the 2018-2022 period; such spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds. Enacting S. 1532 would not affect direct spending or revenues; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures do not apply. CBO estimates that enacting S. 1532 would not increase net direct spending or on-budget deficits in any of the four consecutive 10-year periods beginning in 2028."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2017-08-29
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Oversight of Efforts to Protect Unaccompanied Alien Children from Human Trafficking and Abuse, Hearing Before the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, Second Session, August 16, 2018
This is the August 16, 2018 hearing on "Oversight of Efforts to Protect Unaccompanied Alien Children from Human Trafficking and Abuse," held before the U.S. Senate Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. From the Opening Statement of Senator Portman: "Since 2012, more than 200,000 children without legal status have crossed our borders without a parent or guardian. These children are typically apprehended by U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). Then, within 72 hours, under law, DHS transfers them to an HHS [Health and Human Services] Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR) facility. At this point, HHS becomes responsible for these children's care. HHS typically places these children with sponsors, which can be their parents or other family members, but also sometimes other, unrelated adults. In 2015, I learned that HHS had placed eight of these children with human traffickers. [...] The Subcommittee investigated, and we released a comprehensive report in 2016 finding that HHS failed to do basic background checks on the traffickers who came forward to sponsor these children. We also found that no government agency claimed any responsibility for these children once the government placed them with sponsors, even sponsors who are not the children's parents or legal guardians." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Richard M. Hudson, Robert Guadian, Jonathan D. White, and James R. McHenry.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2019
