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Addressing the Needs of Victims of Human Trafficking: Challenges, Barriers, and Promising Practices
From the Study Overview: "This is the fifth in a series of Issue Briefs produced under a contract with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE), to conduct a study of HHS programs serving human trafficking victims. [...] This issue brief focuses on the needs of victims of human trafficking and the services available to meet those needs. Additionally, it discusses challenges and barriers to providing services to victims, international and domestic, adults and minors, and highlights innovative solutions to these challenges and promising practices to overcome barriers . Throughout the brief we make distinctions, where appropriate, between international adult victims, international minor victims, and domestic minor victims. No information was available regarding domestic adult victims as agencies did not report providing services to this population. There also is no current research or literature providing information on serving this population."
United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation
Clawson, Heather J.; Dutch, Nicole
2008-07?
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Best Practices and Next Steps: A New Decade in the Fight Against Human Trafficking, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, and Human Rights of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, First Session, June 13, 2011
From the opening statement of Christopher H. Smith: "At this hearing, we'll be examining in particular the most effective policies and tools developed by the government and the private sector to combat human trafficking. No country, and few industries, are untouched by this pervasive human rights abuse. [...] This hearing provides an opportunity, and an important opportunity, to see what new and effective measures are being taken by various stakeholders, and what the U.S. Government can do to help encourage and facilitate those efforts. Of particular interest are the evolving roles of public-private partnerships. In the past 5 years, several effective initiatives that aim to prevent trafficking and assist victims had been undertaken by the private sector. [...] This hearing will highlight the need to harness the insights and the expertise of government and various actors from civil society alike. Such coordinated efforts should always be an emphasis of public policy, but are particularly necessary in times of severe budgetary constraints, such as now facing our global economy. Such partnerships bring together a broader range of expertise, leverage resources to obtain better results, and spread awareness to people who can make a difference, but who may otherwise never hear about human trafficking." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Luis CdeBaca, Deborah Cundy, Chai Ling, Nancy Rivard, Philp Kowalcyzk, Kevin Bales, David Abramowitz, Donald M. Payne, Russ Carnahan, Ted Poe, and Christopher H. Smith.
United States. Government Printing Office
2012
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Human Trafficking Response Guide for Campus Law Enforcement and Public Safety Officials
From the Document: "As a campus law enforcement or public safety official, you are in a unique position to reach students considered vulnerable to exploitation and human trafficking. You play an important role because you regularly interact with the same groups of students as part of your daily job duties and often gain their trust. You may also be able to recognize when something is wrong in a student's life. The purpose of this guide is to inform campus law enforcement and public safety officials about human trafficking and its indicators so that you can be better prepared to recognize a potential victim at the college or university campus you serve. It also includes information about taking a victim-centered approach and how trauma can affect victim behavior that you may be witnessing."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2020-10-16?
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Human Trafficking Organizations and Facilitators: A Detailed Profile and Interviews with Convicted Traffickers in the United States
"On January 1, 2012, Abt Associates began a study of individuals and organizations involved in perpetrating human trafficking. The project, supported by a grant from the National Institute of Justice (NIJ), was designed to advance knowledge of human trafficking operations and facilitation, and the motivations and decision-making processes of individual offenders. In addition to these substantive pursuits, the study explored the utility of data and records maintained by the United States Sentencing Commission (USSC) that are seldom used for research in the public realm, and are potentially valuable for studying individual offenders and criminal enterprises."
National Criminal Justice Reference Service (U.S.)
Shively, Michael; Smith, Kamala; Jalbert, Sarah . . .
2016-03-31
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Remarks by Homeland Security Secretary Michael Chertoff at the Stop Human Trafficking Symposium [September 9, 2008]
From the remarks of Michael Chertoff: "Now, this problem of human trafficking is a global problem. It's not going to end overnight, but it is something that ought to be very much front and center in the 21st century. It is simply too late in the day to be facing the kinds of problems of slavery that we tend to think about as having happened centuries ago and that reflect one of the greatest stains on modern civilization. I believe we can crack this issue. I believe we can crack it in the same way that we've cracked other organized criminal activity, whether it's been narcotics activity, organized crime domination of economic activity, or a whole host of other criminal enterprises that we have fought over the years. What it requires us to do is to work together as a team, to use all the tools in the toolbox, and to think about best approaches and practices we can share with each other so we can attack this problem. It's one that has global implications; it's one that requires a global, unified effort. I was pleased about a month ago when I was out in California at a border governor's conference to see Mexican governors and American governors from the Southwest working very hard to focus on this problem as well. It would be a great tribute to the advance of civilization if, in the years to come, we can say we have stamped out this problem of human trafficking not only overseas, but here in this country, as well."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2008-09-09
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Human Trafficking
"Human trafficking is a worldwide escalating epidemic that affects the nation's safety and security. Human trafficking is a mode of slavery, which we have termed 'modern day slavery'. There are several deceptive tactics used to lure those into this involuntary bondage. In the enclosed document, we will further discuss the techniques currently used at helping victims to overcome this problem and describe what methods are used in prosecuting victimizers. There will also be discussion regarding the impact this crime has throughout the nations and the significant role the United States of America is partaking to combat this escalating world-wide epidemic."
US Army Sergeants Major Academy
Lane, Darryl
2007-11-27
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Annotated Bibliography Review of Child Labor Information and Forced Labor Information, Volume II: East Timor-Kyrgyzstan
"Human Trafficking (OCFT) at the U.S. Department of Labor (USDOL) regarding the use of forced labor and child labor in foreign countries. The desk research involved creating an annotated bibliography on available literature in over 170 countries. ICF Macro consultants with topical, regional, and/or language expertise, conducted comprehensive reviews of all publicly available resources, in English and other major languages, related to forced and child labor in the selected countries. The literature review included academic papers, news articles, and other media resources, as well as reports and documents written by multilateral agencies, international organizations, U.S. and other national government agencies, and nongovernmental organizations. The results are presented in a five-volume publication, organized alphabetically by country, with separate bibliographies for child labor and forced labor. For each volume, an index organized by labor sector or activity is provided."
United States. Bureau of International Labor Affairs. Office of Child Labor, Forced Labor, and Human Trafficking
ICF Macro (Firm)
2009
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Secretary Napolitano Participates in Human Trafficking Roundtable [January 12, 2012]
On January 12, 2012, the Department of Homeland Security issued the following press release: "Secretary of Homeland Security Janet Napolitano today met with public and private sector representatives for a roundtable discussion at the White House to discuss the Department's efforts to combat human trafficking, in recognition of National Slavery and Human Trafficking Prevention Month. This month, the Department of Homeland Security's (DHS) Blue Campaign launched a new suite of awareness trainings, which will be distributed to key sectors, including transportation, hospitality, retail, law enforcement, first responders, and NGOs [Non-governmental Agencies] to increase awareness and educate people on how to identify and report suspected cases of human trafficking."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Press Office
2012-01-12
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What is Human Trafficking?
This Blue Campaign infographic details human trafficking. Included is an overall summary of the crime, key DHS campaigns to fight human trafficking, how civilians can participate in the fight against human trafficking, and resources to submit tips online or by telephone.
United States. Department of Homeland Security
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Human Trafficking & Migrant Smuggling: Understanding the Difference
From the Document: "Human trafficking is a crime involving the exploitation of an individual for the purposes of compelled labor or a commercial sex act through the use of force, fraud, or coercion. This meaning is reflected in international law, specifically in the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (Trafficking in Persons Protocol), the first global instrument to recognize the crime of human trafficking, which has 170 State parties. In addition, when a child (defined as under 18 years of age) is induced to engage in commercial sex, it is a crime regardless of whether force, fraud, or coercion is used. The term 'human trafficking' may suggest movement, however no movement is required. [...] Migrant smuggling occurs when a person voluntarily enters into an agreement with a smuggler to gain illegal entry into a foreign country and is moved across an international border. It is defined in the 'Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea, and Air (Migrant Smuggling Protocol), supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime'. Migrant smuggling often involves procuring fraudulent documents and transportation across a country's border, although in some countries it can also include transportation and harboring once in the destination country. The migrant consents to being moved and the transaction between the migrant and the smuggler is typically over once he or she has crossed the border and the smuggler has been paid in full."
United States. Department of State
2017-06
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Human Trafficking, Excerpted from the 2011 Annual Report of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, First Session, October 10, 2011
This is an excerpt from the October 10, 2011 hearing titled "Human Trafficking" before the Congressional-Executive Commission on China. From the Findings: "China remains a country of origin, transit, and destination for the trafficking of men, women, and children. The majority of human trafficking cases are domestic and involve trafficking for sexual exploitation, forced labor, and forced marriage."
United States. Government Printing Office
2011
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Human Trafficking and Foreign Policy: An Introduction [Updated January 7, 2019]
"Human trafficking (also known as trafficking in persons) refers to the subjection of men, women, or children to exploitative conditions that may be tantamount to modern-day slavery. From a foreign policy perspective, human trafficking can be viewed as a human rights problem, a manifestation of transnational organized crime, and a violation of core international labor standards. Human trafficking also raises economic development, international migration, and global governance and security issues, and disproportionately victimizes vulnerable populations."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Rosen, Liana W.; Weber, Michael A.
2019-01-07
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Serial No. 108-137: Ongoing Tragedy of International Slavery and Human Trafficking: An Overview: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Human Rights and Wellness of the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Eighth Congress, First Session, October 29, 2003
From the opening statement of Dan Burton: "The subcommittee is convening today to examine the atrocious practices of human trafficking and slavery around the world. It is hard to believe in the 21st century that we are even talking about this. Although many people believe that slavery and human trafficking are no longer a major problem, it is estimated that more than 27 million cases of human trafficking occur every year--27 million. This figure represents the highest concentration of slaves in the entire history of mankind. You would not believe that in the 21st century, would you? Human slavery and trafficking is a worldwide crisis that affects 116 countries, including many industrialized and developed nations like the United Kingdom and Australia. No country is immune from these illegal practices. However, every nation needs to put into place strong measures to deter and prevent these crimes against humanity." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: John Miller, Kent Hill, Janice Raymond, Andrew Johnson, Sharon Cohn, Mohamed Mattar, Kevin Bales, Dan Burton, Elijah E. Cummings, and Christopher H. Smith.
United States. Government Printing Office
2004
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DHS and Western Union Announce New Alliance to Combat Human Trafficking [November 6, 2013]
On November 6, 2013, the Department of Homeland Security issued the following press release: "The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) today announced a new alliance between the DHS Blue Campaign-- the unified voice for DHS' efforts to combat human trafficking-- and Western Union. Through this alliance, Western Union will provide the Blue Campaign's multilingual training and awareness materials to select agent locations across the country. Participating agents will also receive additional training from Western Union on how to identify and recognize indicators of human trafficking, as well as how to report suspected cases of human trafficking."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Press Office
2013-11-06
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Human Trafficking Awareness Training
This webpage from the Department of Homeland Security's Blue Campaign contains various training aids on human trafficking for individuals, first responders, law enforcement, federal employees, and educators."Human trafficking is a hidden crime, and the first step to combating it is to identify victims so they can be rescued and help bring their perpetrators to justice. The Blue Campaign has developed awareness and training materials to help increase awareness and educate on the indicators of human trafficking."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
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Information Memorandum: Definitions and Principles to Inform Human Trafficking Prevention
From the Purpose: "The purpose of this IM [Information Memorandum] is to enhance common understanding of foundational principles of prevention in order to promote increased efforts to prevent all forms of human trafficking. The IM describes key concepts for organizations and communities to consider when integrating prevention strategies, approaches, and services into anti-trafficking efforts. The IM also provides a framework for the development of national, state, tribal, and local collaborations to prevent human trafficking."
United States. Administration for Children and Families; United States. Department of Health and Human Services
2019-04-24
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Oversight of Human Trafficking Training for Airline Personnel (Fiscal Year 2019 Report to Congress)
From the Background: "The Blue Lightning Initiative (BLI), led by DHS and the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), is an element of the DHS Blue Campaign. BLI, currently tailored for domestic air carriers, trains aviation personnel to identify potential traffickers and human trafficking victims, as well as to report their suspicions to federal law enforcement. DOT and DHS are committed to raising awareness about human trafficking across the aviation industry. BLI predates statutory air carrier training requirements, with the first four BLI partners announced on June 7, 2013. Today, there are 24 BLI partners."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Directorate for Management
2019-08-26
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Human Smuggling and Trafficking Center Fact Sheet: Human Trafficking vs. Human Smuggling
From the Executive Summary: "Human trafficking and human smuggling are often confused in open source, intelligence, and law enforcement reporting. The two are very different crimes, and it is critical to refer to them accurately to avoid confusion and misrepresentation. Human trafficking is a crime involving the exploitation of someone for the purposes of compelled labor or a commercial sex act through the use of force, fraud, or coercion. Where a person younger than 18 is induced to perform a commercial sex act, it is a crime regardless of whether there is any force, fraud, or coercion. Human smuggling involves the provision of a service--typically, transportation or fraudulent documents--to an individual who voluntary seeks to enter a foreign country illegally."
Human Smuggling and Trafficking Center (U.S.)
2016-06-15
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Human Trafficking Prevention: Strategies for Runaway and Homeless Youth Settings
From the Executive Summary: "This Issue Brief explores strategies to integrate human trafficking (HT) prevention into Runaway and Homeless Youth (RHY) programs. These strategies emphasize the vital role that RHY programs can play in the prevention of sex and labor trafficking among runaway and homeless youth. It also highlights the importance of integrating public health, trauma-informed, and positive youth development principles in the development and implementation of HT prevention interventions. Key highlights of this Issue Brief include: [1] Integrating sex and labor trafficking prevention strategies based on the unique experiences, needs, and strengths of RHY. [2] Building local capacity in HT prevention efforts by educating community stakeholders on the intersection of HT, runaway incidents, and youth homelessness. [3] Using existing programmatic frameworks to incorporate HT prevention components into RHY settings. [4] Addressing the root causes and social conditions in which RHY become vulnerable to exploitation, violence, and HT."
United States. Administration for Children and Families
2020-11
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Coffee Break Training: Emergency Medical Services: Human Trafficking
"Human trafficking is the use of force, fraud or coercion to exploit someone for labor or commercial sex. Any minor exploited for commercial sex is a victim of human trafficking. Thousands of men, women and children are trafficked in the United States every year. Many of these victims are lured from their homes with false promises of well-paying jobs; instead, they are forced into prostitution, involuntary domestic servitude, farm or factory labor, or other types of forced labor. Approximately one-third of human trafficking victims are treated by medical providers. Similar to observing patients for signs of abuse, fire and emergency medical service responders should be aware of the signs of human trafficking."
United States Fire Administration
2013-01-09
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Faces of Human Trafficking Video Series
"OVC [Office for Victims of Crime] encourages local organizations to use these resources throughout the year at public awareness, education, and training events to promote and advance the cause of justice for victims of crime. [...] The series is intended to be used for outreach and education efforts of service providers, law enforcement, prosecutors, and others in the community. The series includes information about sex and labor trafficking, multidisciplinary approaches to serving victims of human trafficking, effective victim services, victims' legal needs, and voices of survivors."
United States. Office of Justice Programs. Office for Victims of Crime
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 1536: Combating Human Trafficking in Commercial Vehicles Act
"S. 1536 would require the Department of Transportation (DOT) to designate an official to coordinate agency activities designed to prevent and address human trafficking, to establish an advisory committee on human trafficking within DOT, and to authorize that certain grant funds administered by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) be used for activities related to preventing human trafficking. Based on information from DOT, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing the provisions of the bill would require an additional one to two employees per year over the 2019-2022 period at a cost of about $1 million over the 2018-2022 period, assuming availability of appropriated funds. Enacting S. 1536 would not affect direct spending or revenues; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures do not apply. CBO estimates that enacting S. 1536 would not increase net direct spending or on-budget deficits in any of the four consecutive 10-year periods beginning in 2028. Under current law, FMCSA has $4 million per year in contract authority (a mandatory form of budget authority) to provide education and outreach grants. S. 1536 would make education about preventing and reporting of human trafficking an additional eligible expense for grant recipients. Because states already have flexibility to use their education and outreach grant funds, CBO does not expect the additional authority would have any significant effect on spending over the 2018-2022 period."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2017-08-29
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Federal Prosecution of Human Trafficking, 2001 - 2005: Bureau of Justice Statistics - Data Brief
"This report provides a summary of various statistics related to matters involving violations of human trafficking statues. This report used data from the Federal Justice Statistics Program (FJSP) to describe violations of Federal human trafficking statutes from 2001 to 2005. (See Notes for specific statutes). Annual data sets from the Executive Office (EO) for U.S. Attorneys' National LIONS system and the Administrative Office of the United States Courts (AO) were combined to report on four distinct case processing stages: matters opened by U.S. attorneys, matters closed by U.S. attorneys, cases filed in U.S. district court, and cases terminated in U.S. district court."
United States. Bureau of Justice Statistics
Motivans, Mark; Kyckelhahn, Tracey
2006-10
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H. Rept. 115-981: Empowering Financial Institutions to Fight Human Trafficking Act of 2018, Together with Minority Views, Report to Accompany H.R. 6729, September 26, 2018
From the Purpose and Summary: "On September 6, 2018, Rep. Ann Wagner introduced H.R. 6729, the 'Empowering Financial Institutions to Fight Human Trafficking Act,' which would instruct the Secretary of the Treasury to establish a mechanism for nonprofit organizations to qualify for a safe harbor when sharing specific information with financial institutions that facilitates their duties of customer due diligence and the reporting of suspicious activities relating to human trafficking. Registered nonprofit organizations that share information in compliance with these regulations will receive safe harbor protections in order to protect themselves from retaliation, defamation suits, and other actions."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2018-09-26
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Enhanced Collaborative Model Task Force to Combat Human Trafficking Program: Performance Update Report, Fiscal Years 2016-2018
From the Purpose: "This Performance Update Report provides information about key grant activities and accomplishments of Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA)-funded law enforcement grantees under the Department of Justice (DOJ) Enhanced Collaborative Model Task Force to Combat Human Trafficking (ECM) Program."
United States. Bureau of Justice Assistance
2019?
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Human Trafficking Fact Sheet
"Human trafficking is a modern-day form of slavery. Victims of human trafficking are subjected to force, fraud, or coercion, for the purpose of sexual exploitation or forced labor. Victims are young children, teenagers, men and women. After drug dealing, human trafficking is tied with the illegal arms industry as the second largest criminal industry in the world today, and it is the fastest growing. The Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (TVPA) defines 'Severe Forms of Trafficking in Persons' as: 1) Sex Trafficking: the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for the purpose of a commercial sex act, in which a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person forced to perform such an act is under the age of 18 years; or 2) Labor Trafficking: the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for labor or services, through the use of force, fraud or coercion for the purpose of subjection to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage or slavery."
United States. Department of Health and Human Services
2004
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Secretary Napolitano Launches First-of-Its-Kind Campaign to Combat Human Trafficking [July 22, 2010]
"Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Secretary Janet Napolitano today launched the 'Blue Campaign'--a DHS-wide initiative to combat human trafficking through enhanced public awareness, victim assistance programs, and law enforcement training and initiatives. 'The battle against human trafficking is a shared responsibility involving the Department's federal, state, local and tribal law enforcement partners, non-profit and non-governmental organizations, governments around the world and communities across the nation,' said Secretary Napolitano. 'With the Blue Campaign, we seek to shine a light on a crime that thrives in the shadows, bring traffickers to justice, and assist victims in communities across the nation.' The Blue Campaign was officially launched today by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Director John Morton, U.S. Customs and Border Protection Commissioner Alan Bersin, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services Director Alejandro Mayorkas, Federal Law Enforcement Training Center Deputy Director Ken Keene and Alice Hill, Senior Counselor to Secretary Napolitano--underscoring the unified effort to prevent human trafficking, assist victims and hold traffickers accountable by bringing together the Department's diverse resources and expertise under one initiative."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Press Office
2010-07-22
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DHS Blue Campaign Expands Public Awareness Effort to Fight Human Trafficking [July 2, 2015]
On July 2, 2015, the Department of Homeland Security issued the following press release: "WASHINGTON -- The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) today announced the expansion of the DHS Blue Campaign's public awareness efforts to major airports, truck stops, and motorist gas stations across the country to better enable Americans to recognize and report potential instances of human trafficking. Travelers will now see Blue Campaign messages in new locations throughout their journey. For the first time, these messages will describe the signs of human trafficking to help the general public more readily recognize and report this heinous crime. The Blue Campaign is the Department's unified effort to combat human trafficking. Working in collaboration with law enforcement, government, non-governmental and private organizations, the DHS Blue Campaign strives to protect the basic right of freedom and to bring those who exploit human lives to justice."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Press Office
2015-07-02
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Trafficking in Persons Report, June 2014
This is a compilation from the U.S. Department of State's "Trafficking in Persons Report 2014" index webpage. Additional materials pertaining to the report's release on June 20, 2014 are available on the index page. From the report's "Methodology" section on page 39: "The U.S. Department of State prepared this 'Report' using information from U.S. embassies, government officials, non-governmental and international organizations, published reports, news articles, academic studies, research trips to every region of the world, and information submitted to tipreport@state. gov. This email address provides a means by which organizations and individuals can share information with the Department of State on government progress in addressing trafficking. U.S. diplomatic posts and domestic agencies reported on the trafficking situation and governmental action to fight trafficking based on thorough research that included meetings with a wide variety of government officials, local and international NGO representatives, officials of international organizations, journalists, academics, and survivors. U.S. missions overseas are dedicated to covering human trafficking issues. The 2014 'TIP [Trafficking in Persons] Report' covers government efforts undertaken from April 1, 2013 through March 31, 2014."
United States. Department of State
2014-06
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Readout of Secretary Napolitano's Meeting with Anti-Human Trafficking Leaders
On August 3, 2011, Secretary Napolitano held a meeting in regards to anti-human trafficking. She met with the non-governmental organization (NGO) and "…victim service leaders to discuss the Department of Homeland Security's (DHS) progress to protect the victims of human trafficking and bring their traffickers to justice."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Press Office
2011-08-03
