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• World Law Bulletin: October 2005

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  This issue of the monthly publication of the Law Library of Congress includes the following relevant titles: "Australia: New Counter-Terrorism Measures Proposed." "On September 8, 2005, Australia's Prime Minister John Howard provided a detailed list of provisions his government hopes to include in new counter-terrorism legislation. Most of these would require amendment of existing criminal law and criminal procedure law. Because most such law in Australia is the subject of state and territory, rather than federal (Commonwealth), codes, implementation of the plans would require action by state and territory legislatures. This will be discussed at a joint conference of the heads of the Commonwealth government and the eight state and territory governments on September 27, 2005."

  Law Library of Congress (U.S.)

  Johnson, Constance Axinn; Zeldin, Wendy I.

  2005-10
• Naval War College Review [Summer 2007]

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  his Summer 2007 issue of the "Naval War College Review" features the following articles: "Suppression of Piracy and Maritime Terrorism: A Suitable Role for a Navy?" by Martin N. Murphy; "Maritime Terrorism: Focusing on the Probable," by Richard Farrell; "U.S. Naval Diplomacy in the Black Sea: Sending Mixed Messages," by Deborah Sanders; "Naval Response to a Changed Security Environment: Maritime Security in the Mediterranean," by Alan Lee Boyer; "Expectation, Adaptation, and Resignation: British Battle Fleet Tactical Planning, August 1914-April 1916," by Jon Tetsuro Sumida; "Forging a World of Liberty under Law: U.S. National Security in the 21st Century-Final Report of the Princeton Project on National Security," by G. John Ikenberry and Anne-Marie Slaughter; as well as reviews for several books.

  Naval War College (U.S.)

  2007
• Developing STORM, a Methodology for Evaluating Transit Routes of Transnational Terrorists and Criminals

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  "In July 2008, a California State University (CSU) consortium became the first academic organization to accept a 'challenge project' from the NSA's Institute for Analysis (IFA). A challenge project consists of a question for which the IFA seeks a fresh answer from outside the Intelligence Community (IC). The challenge process begins with individual NSA analysts who approach the IFA with particularly vexing questions. IFA then evaluates these for their importance, timeliness, and suitability to outside research. Once the IFA approves a question for a challenge project, the question is reframed to make it suitable for open-source research by whatever group is assigned the challenge project. Challenge projects vary in complexity. Some involve a direct, one-time answer to a highly specialized question. Others, however, are more extensive and require the group taking the challenge not only to answer the question but also to provide a reproducible methodology. Customarily, these challenges are contracted out to private firms. However, the IFA recently opened the process to universities identified by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) as 'Intelligence Community Centers of Academic Excellence' (IC CAE).a The CSU consortium is one of these centers and accepted the first such challenge offered to a university group. The project CSU took on was labeled the 'Transit Country Problem.' In a nutshell, the IFA asked the group to assess why terrorist groups or criminal transnational organizations select certain transit countries for their purposes. The report was due in the spring of 2009."

  Center for the Study of Intelligence (U.S.)

  Clark, Mark T.; Janiskee, Brian

  2009-12
• Evaluation of the Department of Defense Combating Trafficking in Persons Program

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  "The objective for this project was to review DoD Combating Trafficking in Persons program performance and compliance with DoD Instruction 2200.01, 'Combating Trafficking in Persons (CTIP),' September 15, 2010. This capping report summarizes findings resulting from our multi-year review which began in 2009, in response to the requirement for the Inspectors General of the Department of Defense, Department of State, and United States Agency for International Development to investigate a sample of contracts for which there was a heightened risk that contractors may engage in acts related to trafficking in persons. […] As a result of our program review, site visits, and interviews the DoD OIG [Office of the Inspector General] found several examples of positive actions by DoD Components to combat trafficking in persons: [1] The Defense Procurement and Acquisition Policy Office, Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics has drafted guidance to implement changes in United States Government and Department of Defense policy regarding Combating Trafficking in Persons. [2] The Army and Air Force Exchange Service developed a 'Bill of Workers Rights' and were proactive in addressing allegations of trafficking in persons in the United States Central Command area of operations. [3] On their own initiative, the Army Contracting Command-Kuwait and the Defense Contract Management Agency incorporated Combating Trafficking in Persons into contract quality assurance. "

  United States. Department of Defense. Office of the Inspector General

  2014-06-16
• Local Police Departments, 2007

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  "Every 3 to 4 years, the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) surveys a nationally representative sample of state and local law enforcement agencies. The surveys are conducted as part of the Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics (LEMAS) program. This report presents data from the 2007 LEMAS survey describing local police departments in terms of their personnel, budgets, operations, policies and procedures, computers and information systems, and equipment. Comparisons are made with prior years where appropriate, and as data are available. The selected local police sample includes all departments employing 100 or more full-time sworn personnel and a systematic random sample of smaller agencies stratified by size. (See Methodology for more information.) The sample was selected from a BJS census of law enforcement agencies […] Because sampling was used for smaller agencies, some of the statistics presented in the report are subject to sampling error. Statements of comparison have been tested at the 95%-confidence level. In order to compare departments with others serving similar sized jurisdictions, the statistics in this report are presented mainly by categories of population served. Because most departments employ small numbers of officers and serve small populations, overall agency-based percentages tend to reflect smaller departments more than larger ones. To adjust for this effect, additional overall percentages weighted by the number of officers employed are presented in the text and selected figures."

  United States. Bureau of Justice Statistics

  Reaves, Brian (Brian A.)

  2010-12
• Impact of Land Border Security on Terrorism Financing: Turkey's Southeast Land Border and the PKK

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  From the thesis abstract: "Terrorism has become the one of the major threats facing many states. Understanding the potential sources of and preventing the financial support of terrorist organizations takes an important place in countering terrorism. This thesis focuses on the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) financing activities through the land border of Turkey. In doing so, this study mainly examines how the Turkish border security system can stop the trans-border financial activities of PKK along its land borders with Iran, Iraq and Syria. This thesis also takes the U.S. as a case study in terms of border security measures, and within that framework, makes recommendations for safeguarding Turkey's land borders to prevent financial activities of the PKK terrorist organization without affecting free trade and the economic flow of services. Presently, the Turkish border security system is fragmented and poorly coordinated. Border management is currently split between the army, gendarmerie, police and coast guard. Moreover, international and interdepartmental collaborations are extremely limited. The prevention of cross-border financial activities of the PKK might be accomplished by forming an independent border security agency, adopting modern international standards and the latest technological innovations, and sustaining international and interdepartmental cooperation."

  Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)

  Eren, Yunus

  2013-12
• Trump Administration's Response to the Drug Crisis, Hearing Before the Committee on Oversight and Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, First Session, March 7, 2019

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  This is the March 7, 2019 hearing on "Trump Administration's Response to the Drug Crisis" held before the U.S. House Committee on Oversight and Reform. From the opening statement of Elijah Cummings: "In 2017, more than 70,000, let me repeat that, 70,000 people died from drug overdoses in our country. This is the highest number we have ever had in the United States. Families across our great nation, in red states and blue states, and purple states, and big cities, suburbs, and rural areas are struggling with the devastating consequences of this generational crisis. On our committee, our members have many differences. But I am very proud that despite our differences, we have consistently worked on a bipartisan basis to address this crisis." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: James W. Carroll, Jr., Triana McNeil, and Mike McDaniel.

  United States. Government Publishing Office

  2019
• Central America and the Alliance for Prosperity: Identifying U.S. Priorities and Assessing Progress, Hearing Before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, Second Session, April 19, 2016

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  This is the April 19, 2016 hearing on "Central America and the Alliance for Prosperity: Identifying U.S. Priorities and Assessing Progress," held before the United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. From the opening statement of Bob Corker: "We have two great panels today, and we are going to examine U.S. support for the Partnership for Prosperity launched by El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras. Several Senators have expressed interest in holding this hearing, given the more than $700 million in appropriations for fiscal year 2016 and the $771 million requested for fiscal year 2017. I think there is a strong desire to make sure that there is oversight here, because we want to see it to be successful. Comparisons have been made to Plan Colombia, which obviously was successful. There is a lot of interest, as you can imagine, on this committee to ensure that this is also." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Francisco Palmieri, Elizabeth Hogan, Jose Cardenas, and Jim Swigert.

  United States. Government Publishing Office

  2018
• Department Of Justice: Continued Actions Needed to Enhance Program Efficiency and Resource Management, Statement of Diana Maurer, Director, Homeland Security and Justice, Testimony Before the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives

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  From the Document: "In fiscal year 2016, DOJ's [Department of Justice] $29 billion budget funded a broad array of national security, law enforcement, and criminal justice system activities. GAO [Government Accountability Office] has examined a number of key programs where DOJ has sole responsibility or works with other departments, and recommended actions to improve program efficiency and resource management. This statement summarizes findings and recommendations from recent GAO reports that address DOJ's (1) law enforcement activities, (2) custody and care of federal prisoners and inmates, (3) grant management and administration, and (4) use of alternative sources of funding. This statement is based on prior GAO products issued from February 2012 to November 2016, along with selected updates obtained as of March 2017. For the selected updates on DOJ's progress in implementing GAO recommendations, GAO analyzed information provided by DOJ officials on actions taken and planned. GAO has made several recommendations to DOJ in prior reports to help improve program efficiency and resource management. DOJ generally concurred with most of these recommendations and has implemented or begun taking action to address them."

  United States. Government Accountability Office

  Maurer, Diana

  2017-03-21
• Department of Defense Authorization for Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2011, Hearings Before the Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, Second Session on S. 3454, February 2, 23, 25; March 4, 9, 11, 16, 26; April 20; and December 14, 2010

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  This is the official document from part one of the hearings on Senate bill 3454, the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2011. The purpose of these hearings was "to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2011 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes." From the opening statement of Carl Levin: "The fiscal year 2011 budget request includes $549 billion for the base budget and $159 billion for the ongoing wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. On top of this $708 billion request for 2011, the administration has included a 2010 supplemental request of $33 billion to fund the additional 30,000 troops to support the President's Afghanistan policy announced last December. The budget request continues the defense reforms begun last year to rebalance the force toward the military capabilities necessary to prevail in today's conflicts, to buy weapons that are relevant and affordable, and to assure that tax dollars are used wisely." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Carl Levin, Robert M. Gates, John M. McHugh, George W. Casey, Jr., Raymond E. Mabus, Jr., Gary Roughead, James T. Conway, Michael B. Donley, Norton A. Schwartz, James G. Stavridis, William E. Ward, James N. Mattis, Victor E. Renuart, Jr., Douglas M. Fraser, T. Olson, David H. Petraeus, Kevin P. Chilton, Robert F. Willard, Walter L. Sharp, James N. Miller, J. Michael Gilmore, Patrick J. O'Reilly, Archer M. Macy, Jr., Sean J. Stackley, Frank C. Pandolfe, Eric J. Labs, Ronald O'Rourke, and Paul L. Francis.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2011
• Terrorism and Social Media: #Isbigtechdoingenough? Hearing Before the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, Second Session, January 17, 2018

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  This is the January 17, 2018 hearing titled "Terrorism and Social Media: #Isbigtechdoingenough?" held before the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. From the opening statement of John Thune: "I want to thank everyone for being here to examine what social media companies are doing to combat terrorism, including terrorist propaganda and terrorist recruitment efforts, online. [...] The companies that our witnesses represent have a very difficult task: preserving the environment of openness upon on which their platforms have thrived, while seeking to responsibly manage and thwart the actions of those who would use their services for evil. We are here today to explore how they are doing that, what works, and what could be improved." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Monika Bickert, Juniper Downs, Carlos Monje, Jr., and Clint Watts.

  United States. Government Publishing Office

  2018
• Report on the Impact of Climate Change on Migration

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  From the Introduction: "The climate crisis is reshaping our world, as the Earth's climate is now changing faster than at any point in the history of modern civilization. Defined by changes in average weather conditions that persist over multiple decades or longer, climate change includes changes in temperature, precipitation patterns, the frequency and severity of certain weather events, and other features of the climate system. When combined with physical, social, economic, and/or environmental vulnerabilities, climate change can undermine food, water, and economic security. Secondary effects of climate change can include displacement, loss of livelihoods, weakened governments, and in some cases political instability and conflict. In recognition of this, on February 9, 2021, President Biden signed Executive Order (E.O.) 14013, 'Rebuilding and Enhancing Programs to Resettle Refugees and Planning for the Impact of Climate Change on Migration,' in which he directed the National Security Advisor to prepare a report on climate change and its impact on migration. This report marks the first time the U.S. Government is officially reporting on the link between climate change and migration."

  United States. White House Office

  2021-10
• New Threats to Human Security in the Anthropocene: Demanding Greater Solidarity

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  From the Overview: "It is not hard to understand how Covid-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] has made people feel more insecure. But what accounts for the startling bifurcation between improvements in wellbeing achievements and declines in people's perception of security? That is the motivating question for this Report. In addressing it, we hope to avoid returning to pathways of human development with human insecurity. In the background of the human development- human security disconnect looms the Anthropocene, the age of humans disrupting planetary processes. [...] When introduced in 1994, the human security approach refocused the security debate from territorial security to people's security. This idea, which the UN General Assembly endorsed in 2012, invited security scholars and policymakers to look beyond protecting the nation-state to protecting what we care most about in our lives: our basic needs, our physical integrity, our human dignity. It emphasized the importance of everyone's right to freedom from fear, freedom from want and freedom from indignity. It highlighted the close connection among security, development and the protection and empowerment of individuals and communities. This Report explores how the new generation of interacting threats, playing out in the Anthropocene context, affect human security and what to do about it." This document includes charts, tables, and graphs to illustrate the text.

  United Nations Development Programme

  Fuentes Nieva, Ricardo; Ghorai, Moumita; Hsu, Yu-Chieh . . .

  2022
• Enhancing DHS' Efforts to Disrupt Alien Smuggling Across Our Borders, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Border, Maritime, and Global Counterterrorism of the Committee on Homeland Security, House of Representatives, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, Second Session, July 22, 2010

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  From the opening statement of Henry Cuellar: "Today, the subcommittee is examining a growing homeland security challenge--that is, alien smuggling across America's borders. In recent years, those of us living near our Nation's southern border have witnessed a troubling uptick in alien smuggling activities. Not unique to the south, human smuggling also occurs along our northern border, too. As a result, the Federal Government has sent more personal resources to secure our borders, and in response individuals seeking to enter the United States illegally have become increasingly dependent on alien smuggling to help them evade our law enforcement and gain entry into the country. As we have done more to secure our borders, alien smuggling organizations have increasingly become mobile, violent, and dangerous. They are now posing new threats to our law enforcement officials, our border communities, and the people they attempt to smuggle across our borders. Particularly troubling is the potential for those organizations to smuggle terrorists into our country. While the vast majority of individuals smuggled into the United States are economic migrants, the possibility exists that those who seek to do us harm might exploit those routes, with dire consequences for our Nation's security. Therefore, we are working to secure not just our land ports, but our maritime ports of entry and coastal waters as well." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Henry Cuellar, Candice S. Miller, Bennie G. Thompson, Harry Mitchell, James A. Dinkins, Michael J. Fisher, Terry Goddard, Richard M. Stana, Janice L. Kephart, and Jan Brewer.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2011
• Financial Intelligence and Enforcement: Treasury's Role in Safeguarding the American Financial System, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Terrorism and Illicit Finance of the Committee on Financial Services, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, First Session, November 8, 2017

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  This is the November 8, 2017 hearing on "Financial Intelligence and Enforcement: Treasury's Role in Safeguarding the American Financial System," held before U.S. House of Representatives before the Subcommittee on Terrorism and Illicit Finance of the Committee on Financial Services. From the opening statement of Stevan Pearce: "In today's hearing, I hope to discuss how we are currently combating terrorism and illicit finance, including what tools and partnerships are working well in the effort to detect and disrupt criminal actors. I would also appreciate any comments about deficiencies in our system that may impede our fight against terrorist and criminal finance and what can be done to strengthen Treasury's capabilities." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Sigal Mandelker.

  United States. Government Publishing Office

  2018
• Restoring Justice: Addressing Violence in Native Communities Through VAWA Title IX Special Jurisdiction, Hearing Before the Committee on Indian Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventeenth Congress, First Session, December 8, 2021

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  This is the December 8, 2021 hearing on "Restoring Justice: Addressing Violence in Native Communities Through VAWA [Violence Against Women Act] Title IX Special Jurisdiction," held before the U.S. Senate Committee on Indian Affairs. From the opening statement of Brian Schatz: "When it comes to the Violence Against Women Act, Congress does not have the luxury of forgetting this mandate. That is because every member of this Committee knows that public safety in Native communities is a problem. We have heard from tribal leaders, we have heard from law enforcement, and we have heard from the families of Native victims. Their message is consistent: doing nothing is not an option. We have heard that message loud and clear in 2013, with the last VAWA reauthorization. Almost a decade ago, this Committee came together on a bipartisan basis and voted to restore tribal criminal jurisdiction over non-Indians who commit domestic violence in Indian Country. [...] For nearly a decade, tribes have made at least 396 arrests for VAWA-related crimes, and at least 133 subsequent convictions using special tribal jurisdiction. Despite the concerns of some, prior to the law passing, there had been zero valid habeas corpus petitions filed and zero, zero claims of due process violation. So what we will hear today is a story of success. Each of our witnesses will underscore the importance of special jurisdiction for Indian Country." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: J. Michael Chavarria, Michelle Demmert, Stacie Fourstar, Wizipan Little Elk Garriott, Allison L. Randall, Elizabeth A. Reese, and Fawn Sharp.

  United States. Government Publishing Office

  2022
• U.S. Department of State: Country Reports on Terrorism 2012

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  "The al-Qa'ida (AQ) core, under the direction of Ayman al-Zawahiri, has been significantly degraded as a result of ongoing worldwide efforts against the organization. Usama bin Laden's death was the most important milestone in the fight against AQ, but there have been other successes -- dozens of senior AQ leaders have been removed from the fight in the Afghanistan-Pakistan region. Ilyas Kashmiri, one of the most capable AQ operatives in South Asia, and Atiya Abdul Rahman, AQ's second-in-command, were killed in Pakistan in 2011. AQ leaders Abu Yahya Al-Libi and Abu Zaid al-Kuwaiti were killed in 2012. As a result of these leadership losses, the AQ core's ability to direct the activities and attacks of its affiliates has diminished, as its leaders focus increasingly on survival. […] While AQ affiliates still seek to attack the 'far enemy,' they seem more inclined to focus on smaller scale attacks closer to their home base. Both al-Qa'ida in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) and al-Qa'ida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) have taken steps to seize land and impose their brutal authority over local populations."

  United States. Department of State. Bureau of Counterterrorism; United States. Department of State

  2013-05
• H. Rept. 115-948: Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Bill, 2019, Report Together with Minority Views to Accompany H.R. 6776, September 12, 2018

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  "March 1, 2018, marked the fifteenth anniversary for the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS). While DHS is the youngest Department, it is comprised of agencies that date back to the late 1700s with a mission and footprint that stretches beyond every U.S. state and territory. The Committee's recommendation of $58,087,000,000 in discretionary funding prioritizes the programs and activities of the Department that keep the Homeland safe by securing our borders, enhancing critical national security efforts, and responding to disasters."

  United States. Government Publishing Office

  2018-09-12
• International Narcotics Control Strategy Report, Volume I: Drug and Chemical Control [March 2007]

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  The Department of State's International Narcotics Control Strategy Report (INCSR) has been prepared in accordance with section 489 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended (the 'FAA,' 22 U.S.C. § 2291). The 2007 INCSR, published in March 2007, covers the year January 1 to December 31, 2006 and is published in two volumes, the second of which covers money laundering and financial crimes. It is the 24th annual report prepared pursuant to the FAA. The INCSR addresses the reporting requirements of section 489 of the FAA (as well as sections 481(d)(2) and 484(c) of the FAA and section 804 of the Narcotics Control Trade Act of 1974, as amended. Section 706 of the FRAA requires that the President submit an annual report no later than September 15 identifying each country determined by the President to be a major drug-transit country or major illicit drug producing country. The President is also required in that report to identify any country on the majors list that has 'failed demonstrably . . . to make substantial efforts' during the previous 12 months to adhere to international counternarcotics agreements and to take certain counternarcotics measures set forth in U.S. law. U.S. assistance under the current foreign operations appropriations act may not be provided to any country designated as having 'failed demonstrably' unless the President determines that the provision of such assistance is vital to the U.S. national interests or that the country, at any time after the President's initial report to Congress, has made 'substantial efforts' to comply with the counternarcotics conditions in the legislation. This prohibition does not affect humanitarian, counternarcotics, and certain other types of assistance that are authorized to be provided notwithstanding any other provision of law."

  United States. Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs

  2007-03-01
• National Southwest Border Counternarcotics Strategy [2016]

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  "Criminal activity along the Southwest Border (SWB) poses a significant national security threat for the United States. The almost 2,000-mile border that separates the United States and Mexico includes major population centers, transportation hubs, and large tracts of uninhabited desert. Criminal organizations have used that vast area to engage in cross-border drug trafficking, human smuggling, weapons trafficking, money laundering, and other associated illegal activities. The U.S.-Mexico border is the primary entry point into the United States for all major illicit drugs, with the exception of controlled prescription drugs and certain new synthetic drugs. Mexican Transnational Criminal Organizations (TCOs) operating primarily on the Mexican side of the U.S.-Mexico border supply the majority of the heroin, methamphetamine, cocaine, and foreign-produced marijuana available in U.S. illicit drug markets. These drugs are also smuggled into the United States across other land, sea, and air frontiers, but not on the same scale as the substances transported across the SWB."

  United States. White House Office; United States. Office of National Drug Control Policy

  2016-05
• Refugee Law and Policy In Selected Countries

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  From the Introduction: "This report describes the law and policy on refugees and other asylum seekers in twenty-two geographically dispersed countries and, at the supranational level, in the European Union (EU). The individual surveys cover such topics as participation in relevant international conventions; laws and regulations governing the admission of refugees and handling refugee claims; processes for handling refugees arriving at the border; procedures for evaluating whether an applicant is entitled to refugee status; the accommodations and assistance provided to refugees in the jurisdiction; requirements for naturalization; and whether asylum policy has been affected by international emergencies, such as the current refugee crisis in Europe. A bibliography of selected relevant English-language materials from recent years is included."

  Library of Congress; Law Library of Congress (U.S.)

  Acosta, Luis M.; Buchanan, Kelly (Kelly S.); Soares, Eduardo Alvares de Souza . . .

  2016-03
• El Salvador: Background and U.S. Relations [Updated July 1, 2020]

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  From the Introduction: "This report examines political, economic, security, and human rights conditions in El Salvador. It then analyzes selected issues in U.S.-Salvadoran relations that have been of particular interest to Congress, including foreign assistance, migration, security cooperation in addressing gangs and counternarcotics issues, human rights, and trade."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Seelke, Clare Ribando

  2020-07-01
• Venezuela: Background and U.S. Relations [Updated August 26, 2020]

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  From the Introduction: "This report provides an overview of the overlapping political, economic, and humanitarian crises in Venezuela, followed by an overview of U.S. policy toward Venezuela."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Seelke, Clare Ribando; Nelson, Rebecca M.; Brown, Phillip (Specialist in Energy Policy) . . .

  2020-08-26
• International Violence Against Women: U.S. Response and Policy Issues [Updated June 3, 2008]

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  From the Summary: "In recent years, the international community has increasingly recognized international violence against women (VAW) as a significant human rights and global health issue. VAW, which can include both random acts of violence as well as sustained abuse over time, can be physical, psychological, or sexual in nature. Studies have found that VAW occurs in all geographic regions, countries, cultures, and economic classes, with some surveys showing that women in developing countries experience higher rates of violence than those in developed countries. Many experts view VAW as a symptom of the historically unequal power relationship between men and women, and argue that over time this imbalance has led to pervasive cultural stereotypes and attitudes that perpetuate a cycle of violence. […]This report addresses causes, prevalence, and consequences of violence against women. It provides examples of U.S. activities that address VAW directly or include anti-VAW components. It also outlines possible policy considerations for the 110th Congress, including the scope and effectiveness of U.S. programs; further integrating anti-VAW programs into U.S. assistance and foreign policy mechanisms; and strengthening U.S. government coordination of anti-VAW activities. Material relating to United Nations anti-VAW activities that previously appeared in this report is now published in CRS [Congressional Research Service] Report RL34518, 'United Nations System Efforts to Address Violence Against Women,' by Luisa Blanchfield."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Serafino, Nina M.; Seelke, Clare Ribando; Salaam-Blyther, Tiaji . . .

  2008-06-03
• H. Rept. 117-84: State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Bill, 2022, Report Together with Minority Views, to Accompany H.R. 4373, July 6, 2021

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  From the Document: "The Committee on Appropriations submits the following report in explanation of the accompanying bill making appropriations for the Department of State, foreign operations, and related programs, for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2022, and for other purposes."

  United States. Government Publishing Office

  2021-07-06
• Stranded: The Impacts of COVID-19 on Irregular Migration and Migrant Smuggling

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  From the Executive Summary: "This research brief documents the impacts the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] response, coupled with border enforcement and migration restrictions have had on the journeys of migrants, refugees and asylum seekers in transit irregularly and on their communities. Relying on recent empirical research and journalistic coverage, the brief pays specific attention to how measures against the pandemic may impact the activities of those behind irregular journeys -including migrant smugglers or facilitators. For this we draw from data on the experiences of migrants, refugees and asylum seekers in the context of irregular or clandestine journeys and the growing empirical evidence and insights from facilitators."

  Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies; Migration Policy Centre

  Sanchez, Gabriella; Achilli, Luigi

  2020-05
• Immigration Consequences of Criminal Activity [Updated May 28, 2021]

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  From the Document: "Congress's power to establish rules for the admission of non-U.S. nationals (aliens) has long been viewed as plenary. In the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), as amended, Congress has specified various grounds for the exclusion or removal of aliens, including grounds related to the commission of criminal conduct. Some criminal offenses committed by an alien who is present in the United States may render that alien subject to removal from the country. And certain offenses may preclude an alien outside the United States from either being admitted into the country or being permitted to reenter following an initial departure. Further, committing certain crimes may disqualify an alien from many forms of relief from removal, prevent an alien from adjusting to lawful permanent resident (LPR) status, or bar an LPR from naturalizing as a U.S. citizen. This report provides an overview of the major immigration consequences of criminal activity."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Smith, Hillel R.

  2021-05-28
• International Violence Against Women: U.S. Response and Policy Issues [January 28, 2009]

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  From the Summary: "This report addresses causes, prevalence, and consequences of violence against women. It provides examples of U.S. activities that address VAW [violence against women] directly or include anti-VAW components. It outlines possible policy considerations for the 111th Congress, including the scope and effectiveness of U.S. programs; further integrating anti-VAW programs into U.S. assistance and foreign policy mechanisms; and strengthening U.S. government coordination of anti-VAW activities. Material relating to United Nations anti-VAW activities that previously appeared in this report is now published in CRS Report RL34518, 'United Nations System Efforts to Address Violence Against Women,' by Luisa Blanchfield."

  Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

  Serafino, Nina M.; Blanchfield, Luisa; Seelke, Clare Ribando

  2009-01-28
• HSIN 2016 Annual Report

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  From the Executive Summary: "The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has a vital mission--keeping Americans safe-- which means protecting our borders, our people and our nation. Information sharing is the centerpiece to this vital mission and the Homeland Security Information Network (HSIN) is integral to homeland security partners' ability to meet their operational needs. [...] In fiscal year (FY) 2016, new HSIN registered users increased by nearly 32 percent, to over 69,000 users. HSIN continuously developed new tools, provided training and offered operational expertise to users who relied on the program to do their jobs effectively. The HSIN Program is committed to operational excellence and fiscal responsibility, maximizing efficiency across the homeland security information sharing environment to ensure resources are most effectively applied to national security efforts. This year's report provides a detailed analysis of the integral role HSIN plays as part of today's homeland security mission."

  Homeland Security Information Network (U.S.)

  2017-07-18?
• Securing the Southwest Border: Perspectives from Beyond the Beltway, Hearing Before the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, First Session, March 17, 2015

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  This is a testimony compilation of the March 17, 2015 hearing "Securing the Southwest Border: Perspectives from Beyond the Beltway," held before the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. From the opening statement of Chairman Ron Johnson: "Securing our border is incredibly complex. The U.S.-Mexico border stretches 2,000 miles across four states and nine border sectors -- each with its own unique terrain and distinct challenges. For example, the Texas Rio Grande Valley (RGV) sector border is in the middle of the Rio Grande, a narrow, often shallow, and easily navigable river. Meanwhile, in Arizona, two north-south mountain ranges provide cover for smugglers and illegal crossers. Protected lands and a Native American reservation restrict access to approximately 80 percent of the Arizona border. Both push and pull factors drive illegal immigration, and an unsecure border not only contributes to our broken immigration system but also threatens Americans' national security and public safety. Any border security legislation must recognize that this is a multifaceted problem. And this problem is exacerbated by our lack of information. We don't know for sure how many people today are 'living in the shadows.' And, most important, there is no solid way to track illegal flow at our borders." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Chris Cabrera, Mark J. Daniels, Howard G. Buffett, Othal Brand, and Monica Weisberg-Stewart.

  United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs

  2015-03-17