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Missing and Murdered: Confronting the Silent Crisis in Indian Country, Hearing before the Committee on Indian Affairs, United States House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, Second Session, December 12, 2018
This testimony compilation is from the December 12, 2018 hearing on "Missing and Murdered: Confronting the Silent Crisis in Indian Country" before the U.S. House Committee on Indian Affairs. From the Testimony of Charles Addington: "Although the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) and the Tribal Law and Order Act (TLOA) have helped bring attention to this high rate of violence and have begun to address gaps in law enforcement for tribes and federal authorities, there remain gaps in data that exacerbate the crisis of missing and murdered indigenous women. These challenges are present across multiple sectors, but are particularly problematic in the context of criminal justice, in which Federal, state, tribal, and local governments share responsibilities. It is important to continue efforts to build accurate data and provide Congress, the public, and, most importantly, the tribes, with the information needed to identify and analyze the criminal justice needs in Indian Country." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Charles Addington, Robert Johnson, Gerald LaPorte, Amber Crotty, Patricia Alexander, and Kimberly Loring-Heavy Runner.
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Natural Resources
2018-12-18
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Colombia: Background and U.S. Relations [Updated December 14, 2018]
"A key U.S. ally in the Latin American region, Colombia endured an internal armed conflict for half a century. Drug trafficking fueled the violence by funding both left-wing and right-wing armed groups. Some analysts feared Colombia would become a failed state in the late 1990s, but the Colombian government devised a new security strategy, known as Plan Colombia, to counter the insurgencies. Originally designed as a 6-year program, Plan Colombia ultimately became a 17-year U.S.-Colombian bilateral effort. The partnership focused initially on counternarcotics and later on counterterrorism; it then broadened to include sustainable development, human rights, trade, regional security, and many other areas of cooperation. Between FY2000 and FY2016, the U.S. Congress appropriated more than $10 billion to help fund Plan Colombia and its follow-on programs. For FY2018, Congress appropriated $391.3 million in foreign aid for Colombia, including assistance to promote peace and end the conflict."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Beittel, June S.
2018-12-14
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S. Rept 115- 433: To Amend the Tribal Law and Order Act of 2010 and the Indian Law Enforcement Reform Act to Provide for Advancements in Public Safety Services to Indian Communities, and for Other Purposes, Report to Accompany S. 1953, Including Cost Estimate of the Congressional Budget Office, December 13, 2018
"The Tribal Law and Order Act Reauthorization and Amendments Act of 2018, S. 1953, builds on the improvements to criminal justice systems serving Indian communities that were enacted in the Tribal Law and Order Act of 2010 (TLOA). It is also intended to provide additional tools for law enforcement officials to reduce crime, overcrowded jail conditions, and recidivism, as well as address justice for Indian youth. It seeks to clarify the responsibilities of Federal, state, tribal, and local governments with respect to crimes committed in Indian Country. The bill extends the authorization of various programs in the Tribal Law and Order Act of 2010 until 2022. The bill, S. 1953, contains other provisions to improve justice within Indian Country."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2018-12-13
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Afghanistan: Background and U.S. Policy [Updated December 12, 2018]
From the Document: "Afghanistan has been a central U.S. foreign policy concern since 2001, when the United States, in response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, led a military campaign against Al Qaeda and the Taliban government that harbored and supported it. In the intervening 17 years, the United States has suffered around 2,400 fatalities in Afghanistan (including 13 in 2018 to date) and Congress has appropriated more than $132 billion for reconstruction there. In that time, an elected Afghan government has replaced the Taliban, and nearly every measure of human development has improved, although future prospects of those measures remain mixed. The fundamental objective of U.S. efforts in Afghanistan is 'preventing any further attacks on the United States by terrorists enjoying safe haven or support in Afghanistan.'"
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Clayton, Thomas
2018-12-12
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S. Rept. 115-432: Victims of Child Abuse Act Reauthorization Act of 2018, Report to Accompany S. 2961, Including Cost Estimate of the Congressional Budget Office
From the Purpose: "This bill will reauthorize the Victims of Child Abuse Act of 1990 for five years, at $25 million per year. Congress unanimously reauthorized this program in 2014. The current funding level for the Victims of Child Abuse Act is $21 million. This is the only Federal program solely dedicated to Children's Advocacy Centers (CACs). This legislation will also update language of the statute to reflect the latest research and trends, and better reflect the relationship between and among CACs. Specifically, language is included to allow State chapters of CACs to assist local communities in coordinating efforts, including oversight and technical assistance. This legislation will ensure that grants to local CACs allow for a portion of the grants to be distributed to State chapters, to allow them to provide technical assistance, training, coordination, and oversight. Oversight and assistance of CACs by State chapters is complemented by authorizing the Department of Justice's Director of the Office of Victims of Crime to collaborate with State chapters, to provide oversight and technical assistance to local CACs as well as communities that want to develop a local CAC."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2018-12-12
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Heroin Trafficking in the United States [December 11, 2018]
"Over the past several years, the nation has seen an uptick in the use and abuse of opioids--both prescription opioids and non-prescription opioids such as heroin. In 2016, there were an estimated 948,000 individuals (0.4% of the 12 and older population) who reported using heroin within the past year--up from 0.2% to 0.3% of this population reporting use in the previous decade. In addition to an increase in heroin use over the past several years, there has been a simultaneous increase in its availability in the United States. The increase in availability has been fueled by a number of factors, including increased production and trafficking of heroin--principally by Mexican criminal networks. Mexican transnational criminal organizations are the major suppliers and key producers of most illegal drugs smuggled into the United States. They have been increasing their share of the U.S. drug market--particularly with respect to heroin--even though the United States still receives some heroin from South America and, to a lesser extent, Southwest Asia. To facilitate the distribution and sale of drugs in the United States, Mexican drug traffickers have formed relationships with U.S. gangs."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Finklea, Kristin
2018-12-11
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Iran's Foreign and Defense Policies [Updated December 11, 2018]
"Successive Administrations have identified Iran as a key national security challenge, citing Iran's nuclear and missile programs as well as its long-standing attempts to counter many U.S. objectives in the region. The Trump Administration has defined Iran and its regime as a particularly significant threat to U.S. national security, accusing the regime of 'destructive behavior at home and abroad.' Director of National Intelligence Dan Coats, in his February 13, 2018, annual worldwide threat assessment testimony before Congress, assessed that 'Iran will seek to expand its influence in Iraq, Syria, and Yemen, where it sees conflicts generally trending in Tehran's favor' and 'Iran will develop military capabilities that threaten U.S. forces and allies in the region.' Successive National Defense Authorization Acts (NDAAs) have required an annual report on Iran's military power, which has in recent years contained assessments of Iran similar to those presented publicly by the intelligence community."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Katzman, Kenneth
2018-12-11
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China's Role in Wildlife Trafficking and the Chinese Government's Response
"Overlooked, underpoliced, and highly lucrative, international wildlife trafficking has become a low-risk/high-return illegal trade estimated at $7 billion to $23 billion annually. While China's share of this trade is unknown due to the trade's illicit nature, China is widely recognized as the world's largest market for trafficked wildlife products. As the Chinese economy has grown, demand for wildlife products--including endangered species--has increased, contributing to the decline in populations of iconic species such as elephants and rhinos, as well as lesser-known species. Three factors play into Chinese demand for wildlife products: (1) wildlife products are valued as status symbols; (2) wildlife products represent a financial asset with stable or increasing value; and (3) wildlife products are perceived to have health benefits related to traditional Asian medicine. Until recently, however, public knowledge in China about wildlife trafficking and conservation efforts has been limited."
U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission
Southerland, Matthew; Stephens, Suzanna
2018-12-06
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Bahrain: Unrest, Security, and U.S. Policy [December 4, 2018]
"The Bahrain government's repression has presented a policy dilemma for the United States because Bahrain is a longtime ally that is pivotal to maintaining Persian Gulf security. The country has hosted a U.S. naval command headquarters for the Gulf region since 1948; the United States and Bahrain have had a formal Defense Cooperation Agreement (DCA) since 1991; and Bahrain was designated by the United States as a 'major non-NATO ally' in 2002. There are over 7,000 U.S. forces, mostly Navy, in Bahrain. Bahrain relies on U.S.-made arms, but, because of the government's use of force against protesters, the Obama Administration held up some new weapons sales to Bahrain and curtailed U.S. assistance to Bahrain's internal security organizations. In 2014, Bahrain joined the U.S.-led coalition against the Islamic State and flew strikes against the group's fighters in Syria that year, and has expressed willingness to join a U.S.-backed concept for a broad Arab coalition to counter Iran, the 'Middle East Strategic Alliance.'"
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Katzman, Kenneth
2018-12-04
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Bahrain: Unrest, Security, and U.S. Policy [December 3, 2018]
"An uprising against Bahrain's Al Khalifa ruling family that began on February 14, 2011, has diminished in intensity, but punishments of oppositionists and periodic demonstrations continue. The mostly Shiite opposition to the Sunni-minority-led regime has not achieved its goal of establishing a constitutional monarchy, but the unrest has compelled the ruling family to undertake some modest reforms. The mainstream opposition uses peaceful forms of dissent, but small factions, reportedly backed by Iran, have claimed responsibility for bombings and other attacks on security officials. Elections for a legislative body, held most recently during November 24-December 1, 2018, have been marred by the banning of opposition political societies and allegations of gerrymandering to prevent opposition victories."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Katzman, Kenneth
2018-12-03
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National Security: Long-Range Emerging Threats Facing the United States as Identified by Federal Agencies, Report to Congressional Committees
"The United States faces a complex array of threats to our national security, including our political, economic, military, and social systems. These threats will continue to evolve as new and resurgent adversaries develop politically and militarily, as weapons and technology advance, and as environmental and demographic changes occur. A House committee report accompanying a bill for the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 included a provision for GAO [Government Accountability Office] to identify emerging threats of high national security consequence. This report focuses on long-range emerging threats--those that may occur in approximately 5 or more years, or those that may occur during an unknown timeframe--as identified by various respondents at the Department of Defense (DOD), Department of State (State), Department of Homeland Security (DHS), and the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI). To identify long-range emerging threats, GAO administered a questionnaire to 45 government organizations that assess emerging threats across DOD, State, DHS, and ODNI, and had a 78-percent response rate. GAO conducted a content analysis of the responses to identify specific threats and develop broad threat categories. To supplement the data from the questionnaire, GAO reviewed national security strategies and agency documents provided by DOD, State, DHS, and ODNI, and interviewed key agency officials. This report is a public version of a classified report that GAO issued on September 28, 2018. Information that DOD deemed classified and sensitive has been omitted."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2018-12
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FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin: December 2018
This issue of the FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin contains three feature articles: "Perspective: Meeting Individual and Organizational Wellness Needs" by William W. Beersdorf; "2018 Subject and Author Index" which is a listing of all 2018 FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin articles; "Perspective: Value Your Training Program" by Michael VanMeter; "Leadership Spotlight: Courage to Do Less" by Cory McGookin; "Bulletin Notes"; and features two Sheriff offices in LaSalle County, Illinois, and Oroville, California.
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
2018-12
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Human Trafficking: State and USAID Should Improve Their Monitoring of International Counter-Trafficking Projects, Report to Congressional Committees
"Human trafficking is a pervasive problem throughout the world. Victims are often held against their will in slave-like conditions. The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 includes a provision for GAO [Government Accountability Office] to report on the programs conducted by specific agencies, including State, DOL [Department of Labor], and USAID [United States Agency for International Development], that address trafficking in persons. Among other objectives, this report (1) identifies the recent projects in international counter-trafficking in persons that key U.S. agencies have awarded to implementing partners; and, for selected projects, assesses the extent to which key agencies have (2) documented their monitoring activities and (3) ensured the reliability of project performance information. GAO reviewed State, DOL, and USAID project documents and interviewed agency officials. GAO reviewed monitoring documents for 54 of the 57 projects that were active from the beginning of fiscal year 2016 through the end of fiscal year 2017. Of these 54 projects, GAO selected a nongeneralizable sample of 5 projects, based primarily on largest total award amounts, for review of the reliability of project performance information."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2018-12
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Safe Seas: Protecting America's Ferries Against Criminal Mass-Casualty Incidents
From the thesis abstract: "The U.S. ferry system is one of the few remaining transportation sectors that has not been hardened for a mass-casualty attack, and the unrestricted ability of passengers to carry firearms onto vessels could enable a lone actor or group to perpetrate an active-shooter event while at sea. The proactive security measures and strategies developed by the government agencies responsible for maritime security are insufficient--inadequate even in responding to an active shooter--and might result in a large number of casualties. An analysis of government studies and current intelligence indicates that there are significant gaps in ferry security, especially concerning the threat of an active-shooter attack. This thesis investigates the exponential improvement in the security posture of the U.S. ferry system through the adaption and implementation of the best practices successfully enacted in other transportation domains as well as the benefits in the mitigation of potential mass-casualty events in this public conveyance. Such a strategy requires transitioning traditional law enforcement and military roles to the maritime civilian workforce."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Blindbury, Steven A.
2018-12
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Olive Branch and the Maple Leaf: A Comparative Analysis of Refugee Policies in Canada and the United States and the Potential for Blended Reform
From the thesis abstract: "This thesis reviewed the United States Refugee Admissions Program (USRAP) to address concerns regarding the program and actions taken by the Donald J. Trump administration. Specifically, the thesis sought to determine if the admission of refugees poses a threat to the United States and if the USRAP can be modified. To determine potential threats, the research reviewed several concerns, including physical threats that could be caused by refugee admissions as well as economic and social impacts that refugees could have on host countries or individual communities, and then weighed competing arguments against objective evidence. Additionally, the research made a broader comparison between the structure of the United States' and Canada's refugee programs to determine if best practices from both nations might craft an updated USRAP. Ultimately, the thesis determined that refugees pose neither a physical security risk nor an economic risk to the United States. The country, however, is currently failing in its statutory mandate to involve local communities in resettlement decisions; this has long-term negative effects on refugees and citizens. To address this concern, the United States should blend in smart practices from Canada's Provincial Nominee Program to bring USRAP more in line with statutory requirements and current humanitarian needs."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Tisdale, Robert
2018-12
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Out Through the Out Door: Policy Options in the Fight Against Visa Overstays
From the thesis abstract: "Foreign nationals admitted to the United States who remain beyond their period of admission present an enforcement problem for U.S. immigration agencies. These 'visa overstay' cases present a vulnerability for the homeland security enterprise. U.S. immigration enforcement agencies need to identify, apprehend, and remove foreign nationals who have overstayed their visas to address this issue. Identification of these subjects can be through biographical or biometric means. Current efforts to identify overstay violators rely mostly upon biographical data transmitted to enforcement agencies by third parties. Overstay violators are not normally targeted for apprehension and removal unless they present a threat to national security or public safety. Biometric exit system proponents have argued that the identification of violators through biometric means presents a faster, more efficient (albeit possibly expensive) method to determine who has overstayed their visas. These proponents also indicate that such a system will have an impact on the number of overstay violation cases each year. To date, this exit system has not been implemented at the U.S. border despite congressional mandates to do so. This thesis examines current visa overstay enforcement policies, evaluates the impacts of a biometric exit system, and makes policy recommendations for visa overstay enforcement efforts."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Spina, Michael L.
2018-12
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Overstays: The Lesser-Known Illegal Immigration Issue
From the thesis abstract: "This thesis investigates the issue of 'overstays,' or individuals who remain in the United States after the legal length of admission has expired, and asks, 'How can the U.S. government develop a policy to reduce the number of people who overstay their legal length of admission?' A review of government reports, congressional testimony, agency documentation, and the relevant laws was conducted to shed light on this persistent and growing issue. This thesis explored the lack of information, resources, and consistency in dealing with overstays within the nation's immigration system. The thesis proposes two recommendations to address this issue: the first, which assumes no additional resources or support, and a second, more ambitious, one that requires changes in public perception, enforcement, and legislation."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Heslin, Brian D.
2018-12
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U.S. Sanctions on Russia [November 28, 2018]
"Sanctions are considered by many to be a central element of U.S. policy to counter Russian malign behavior, including Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2014, election interference and cyberattacks, human rights abuses, illicit trade with North Korea, support to the government of Syria, and use of a chemical weapon. The United States also employs sanctions in an effort to deter further objectionable activities by Russia (e.g., expanding the war in Ukraine or launching new attacks in neighboring countries). Most Members of Congress support a robust use of sanctions amid concerns about Russia's international behavior and geostrategic intentions. Most Russia-related sanctions implemented by the United States have been levied in response to Russia's 2014 invasion of Ukraine. These sanctions are based on national emergency authorities granted the office of the President in the National Emergencies Act (NEA; P.L. 94-412; 50 U.S.C. 1621) and International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA; P.L. 95-223; 50 U.S.C. 1701) and were exercised by President Barack Obama in 2014 in a series of executive orders (EOs 13660, 13661, 13662, and 13685). The Obama and Trump Administrations have used these EOs to impose sanctions on approximately 650 Russian individuals and entities."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Welt, Cory; Archick, Kristin; Nelson, Rebecca M. . . .
2018-11-28
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Venezuela Regional Migration Crisis [November 27, 2018]
"The deteriorating humanitarian situation in Venezuela has elevated congressional concerns about the country, which remains in a deep political and economic crisis under the authoritarian rule of President Nicolás Maduro. Even as Venezuela has experienced hyperinflation (the highest in the world), a rapid contraction of its economy, and severe shortages of food and medicine, President Maduro has refused to accept international humanitarian assistance. As conditions in the country deteriorate, increasing numbers of Venezuelans continue to leave for urgent reasons, including lack of food, medicine, and access to social services; political persecution; insecurity; and loss of income. As the pace of arrivals from Venezuela has quickened, neighboring countries, particularly Colombia, are straining to absorb a population that is often malnourished and in poor health."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Margesson, Rhoda; Seelke, Clare Ribando
2018-11-27
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Iraq: Background and U.S. Policy [November 21, 2018]
"The 115th Congress and the Trump Administration are considering options for U.S. engagement with Iraq as Iraqis look beyond the immediate security challenges posed by their intense three-year battle with the insurgent terrorists of the Islamic State organization (IS, aka ISIL/ISIS). While Iraq's military victory over Islamic State forces is now virtually complete, Iraq's underlying political and economic challenges are daunting and cooperation among the forces arrayed to defeat IS extremists has already begun to fray. The future of volunteer Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF) and the terms of their integration with Iraq's security sector are being determined, with some PMF groups maintaining ties to Iran and anti-U.S. Shia Islamist leaders. In September 2017, Iraq's constitutionally recognized Kurdistan Regional Government held an advisory referendum on independence, in spite of opposition from Iraq's national government and amid its own internal challenges. More than 90% of participants favored independence."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Blanchard, Christopher M.
2018-11-21
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El Salvador: Background and U.S. Relations [November 20, 2018]
"El Salvador continues to face serious governance, security, and economic issues, many of which are interrelated. Deep scars and political polarization remain evident in El Salvador today from a war that resulted in significant human rights violations, more than 70,000 deaths, and massive emigration to the United States. Tension between the FMLN [Farabundo Marti Liberation Front] government and the ARENA [National Republican Alliance] - dominated legislature has hindered efforts to address fiscal and security challenges. Insecurity and poverty have fueled unauthorized emigration. With both the FMLN and ARENA tarnished by revelations of corruption by former presidents, the leading candidate in the February 3, 2019, presidential contest is Nayib Bukele, a 37-year-old who left the FMLN and is running for the Grand Alliance for National Unity (GANA) party (see 'February 2018 Presidential Election'). This report examines political, economic, security, and human rights conditions in El Salvador. It then analyzes selected issues in U.S. - Salvadoran relations that have been of particular interest to Congress, including foreign assistance, migration, security cooperation in addressing gangs and counter narcotics issues, human rights, and trade."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Seelke, Clare Ribando
2018-11-20
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Violence Against Women Act (VAWA): Historical Overview, Funding, and Reauthorization [November 19, 2018]
"The Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) was originally enacted in 1994 (P.L. 103-322). It addressed congressional concerns about violent crime, and violence against women in particular, in several ways. Among other things, it allowed for enhanced sentencing of repeat federal sex offenders; mandated restitution to victims of specified federal sex offenses; and authorized grants to state, local, and tribal law enforcement entities to investigate and prosecute violent crimes against women. This report provides a brief history of VAWA and an overview of the crimes addressed through the act. It includes brief descriptions of earlier VAWA reauthorizations and a more-detailed description of the most recentre authorization in 2013. The report concludes with a discussion of VAWA programs and a five-year history of funding from FY2014 through FY2018."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sacco, Lisa N.
2018-11-19
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S. Rept. 115-351: Department of Homeland Security Reauthorization Act, Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, to Accompany H.R. 2825, to Amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002, to Make Certain Improvements in the Laws Administered by the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for Other Purposes, November 13, 2018
From the Purpose and Summary: "H.R. 2825 authorizes the Department of Homeland Security (DHS or the Department) and makes improvements to multiple Department policies and programs. The Act includes seven titles covering headquarters, acquisition accountability, intelligence and information sharing, emergency preparedness, the Federal Emergency Management Agency, a new Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, and other matters."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2018-11-13
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Bureau of Justice Assistance Programs Supporting Law Enforcement [November 2018]
This document highlights a series of current programs and grants directed at enhancing law enforcement efficiency at the Federal, State, and local level.
United States. Bureau of Justice Assistance
2018-11
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Afghanistan: Background and U.S. Policy: In Brief [November 1, 2018]
"Afghanistan has been a central U.S. foreign policy concern since 2001, when the United States,in response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, led a military campaign against Al Qaeda and the Taliban government that harbored and supported Al Qaeda. In the intervening 16 years, the United States has suffered more than 2,000 casualties in Afghanistan (including 6 in 2018 thus far) and has spent more than $132 billion for reconstruction there. In that time, an elected Afghan government has replaced the Taliban, and nearly every measure of human development has improved, although future prospects of those measures remain mixed. While military officials profess greater optimism about the course of the war in 2018, other policymakers and analysts have described the war against the insurgency (which controls or contests nearly half of the country's territory, by Pentagon estimates) as a stalemate."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Thomas, Clayton (Analyst in Middle Eastern Affairs)
2018-11-01
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Science and Technology for America's Oceans: A Decadal Vision
From the Executive Summary: "'Science and Technology for America's Oceans: A Decadal Vision' identifies pressing research needs and areas of opportunity within the ocean S&T [science and technology] enterprise for the decade 2018-2028. This vision identifies five goals to advance U.S. ocean S&T and the Nation in the coming decade: (1) Understand the Ocean in the Earth System; (2) Promote Economic Prosperity; (3) Ensure Maritime Security; (4) Safeguard Human Health; and (5) Develop Resilient Coastal Communities."
United States. Executive Office of the President
2018-11
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FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin: November 2018
This issue of the FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin contains the following articles: "Oakdale Borough, Pennsylvania, Police Department"; "Enumclaw, Washington, Police Department"; "Leadership Spotlight: Engaging Millennials in the Workplace"; "Perspective: Mentoring Your Replacement"; "Dangers and Benefits of 3D Printing"; and "Bulletin Notes". The FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin is an official publication of the FBI, and is published monthly in an online format.
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
2018-11
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Cuba: U.S. Policy in the 115th Congress [October 31, 2018]
"Cuba remains a one-party authoritarian state with a poor human rights record. Current President Miguel Díaz-Canel succeeded Raúl Castro on April 19, 2018, although Castro is continuing in his position as first secretary of Cuba's Communist Party. Over the past decade, Cuba has implemented gradual market-oriented economic policy changes, but critics maintain that it has not taken enough action to foster sustainable economic growth. Most observers do not anticipate significant policy changes under Díaz-Canel, at least in the short term, but the president faces the enormous challenges of reforming the economy and responding to desires for greater freedom."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sullivan, Mark P.
2018-10-31
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United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy [October 25, 2018]
"The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has been a significant U.S. partner in Gulf security for more than two decades, helping to address multiple regional threats, particularly that posed by Iran. About 5,000 U.S. military personnel are stationed at UAE military facilities, hosted there under a bilateral defense cooperation agreement (DCA) that remains in effect. The UAE is a significant buyer of U.S. military equipment, including the most sophisticated missile defense system sold by the United States. Its partnership with the United States has enhanced UAE military capabilities to the point where the UAE is increasingly asserting itself in the region, both militarily and politically. The UAE is part of a Saudi-led military effort to pressure the Iran-backed Zaidi Shiite Houthi rebels in Yemen, an effort to which the United States provides logistical support. Alongside U.S. special operations forces, UAE forces also are combatting Al Qaeda's affiliate in that country. In recent years, UAE forces have used several bases in East African countries to train allied forces and facilitate UAE operations in Yemen. The UAE is supporting an anti-Islamist commander in eastern Libya who thus far has not agreed to join a unified political structure."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Katzman, Kenneth; Motivans, Mark
2018-10-25
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Honduras: Background and U.S. Relations [October 24, 2018]
"Honduras, a Central American nation of 9 million people, has had close ties with the United States for many years. The country served as a base for U.S. operations designed to counter Soviet influence in Central America during the 1980s, and it continues to host a U.S. military presence and cooperate on antidrug efforts today. Trade and investment linkages are also long-standing and have grown stronger since the implementation of the Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) in 2006. In recent years, instability in Honduras--including a 2009 coup and significant outflows of migrants and asylum-seekers since 2014--has led U.S. policymakers to focus greater attention on conditions in the country and their implications for the United States."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Meyer, Peter J.
2018-10-24
