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Who Is Guarding Serbia's Borders? An Assessment of Serbia's Progress in Border Security Development and Reform
"This study considers how Serbian border security sector reform illuminates questions of force and statecraft in a southern European nation. In 2006, Serbia became a member of the Partnership for Peace (PfP), a step toward a North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) membership; however, Serbia has indicated no intention to become a full NATO member. Also in 2006, Serbia entered into a Stabilization and Association Agreement (SAA) with the European Union (EU) as part of the process of accession to EU membership; however, Serbia must meet EU conditions regarding border security reform and must continue to cooperate with the International Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia (ICTY) for full membership to be realized. This thesis evaluates Serbia's continued efforts to integrate into the EU structures. It begins with a historical overview of the leadership, politics and reform of the Serbian security sector before the 21st century. It then explores the role of the international community, including Russia, in providing assistance to Serbia during the past decade. The thesis then focuses on Serbia's progress in border security development, Integrated Border Management (IBM), border guard reform and customs administration reform. This thesis argues that, despite the on-going efforts of the international community to integrate Serbia into the EU community, due to the unique political and social circumstances specific to Serbia regarding comprehensive reform of ethics and power, the continuing border security reform efforts in Serbia-- and hence, EU membership--will most likely remain another decade in the future."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Rose, Christi A.
2011-06
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Fighting Corruption in Mexico: Lessons from Colombia
"The elevated levels of violence seen recently in Mexico are not a sign of a worsening security situation as the media would lead one to believe. Instead, they give witness that the Government of Mexico has implemented an unparalleled offensive against the deadly drug cartels. Despite the unprecedented assault against the cartels, cartel prevalence and violence is increasing when it should be decreasing. Drawbacks, such as widespread corruption within Mexican public agencies, have provided cartels with the flexibility to avoid functional elimination. The inability of the Government of Mexico to address the problem of corruption effectively not only undermines the state’s actions, but also encourages cartel influence. Similarly, Colombia has struggled against powerful drug cartels and other nefarious entities for nearly 60 years. Whilst the Government of Colombia struggled to target the criminal organizations, it was forced to tackle corruption, lack of security and other factors. The causal symptoms of Colombia’s problems, while not identical to Mexico's, share several similarities identified through case studies and center of gravity analyses. Ultimately, lessons learned from Colombia's experience are scrutinized to determine their suitability for application in Mexico’s war against its powerful cartels."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Ventura, Humberto Ovidio; New, Jonathan David
2011-06
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Department of Homeland Security, Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties: Fiscal Year 2010 Annual and Consolidated Quarterly Reports to Congressress
"During Fiscal Year (FY) 2010, the Department's continued commitment to civil rights and civil liberties enabled CRCL [Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties] to advance and improve its existing programs, as well as to expand. CRCL is committed to the idea that American security and American rights are reinforcing. Core civil rights values--liberty, fairness, and equality under the law--are a vital part of America. American values are themselves a bulwark against those who threaten us. As President Obama has explained, 'We uphold our most cherished values not only because doing so is right, but because it strengthens our country and it keeps us safe. Time and again, our values have been our best national security asset--in war and peace; in times of ease and in eras of upheaval.' FY 2010 was an important year for CRCL. As the Department analyzed and refined its mission sets in the February 2010 Quadrennial Homeland Security Review, we aligned CRCL's activities to those missions--Preventing Terrorism and Enhancing Security; Securing and Managing Our Borders; Enforcing and Administering Our Immigration Laws; Safeguarding and Securing Cyberspace; and Ensuring Resilience to Disasters. As a result, in FY 2010, CRCL expanded its participation in programs and activities throughout the Department and continued its efforts to promote civil rights and civil liberties."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2011-09-20
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CRCL Newsletter (July 2015)
"The Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties (CRCL) supports the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) as it secures the nation while preserving individual liberty, fairness, and equality under the law." This issue of the CRCL Newsletter contains the following articles: "25th Anniversary of the Americans with Disabilities Act"; "DHS Blue Campaign Five Year Milestone"; "DHS Emergency and Incident Resources for Communities"; "CRCL FY 2015 First and Second Quarter Report".
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2015-07
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Combatting Commercial Terrorists: The PKK Case
From the thesis abstract: "Money is vital for all terrorist organizations. For some organizations, it is a tool to achieve their goals; for others, it is the objective itself. Terrorists participate in organized crime activities at various levels. Organized crime expert Tamara Makarenko describes the nexus between organized crime groups and terrorist groups. This study expanded her continuum into understanding the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) and its evolution through the organization's financial sources. Using this continuum, this study characterizes the PKK as a commercial terrorist group with strong financial motivations. Its financial motivations are stronger than its political ones. It originated as a pure terrorist organization sheltered by sponsoring states; meanwhile, it continuously improved its capabilities in criminal fields. To more easily conduct its criminal operations, its members maintain their deceptive political rhetoric. By UN [United Nations] standards, the organization can also be identified as a transnational organized crime group by considering the severity of its crimes and its criminal network across the Middle East, Turkey, and Europe."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Yildiz, Ulas
2015-12
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Identifying and Preventing Gender Bias in Law Enforcement Response to Sexual Assault and Domestic Violence
From the Document: "The Purpose of This Guidance is to: [1] examine how gender bias can undermine LEAs' response to sexual assault and domestic violence; and [2] provide a set of basic principles that--if integrated into LEAs' policies, trainings and practices--will help ensure that agencies' efforts to keep victims safe and hold offenders accountable are not undermined, either intentionally or unintentionally, by gender bias. The Department Encourages Law Enforcement Agencies to Consider These Principles and Integrate Them into: [1] clear, unequivocal policies about the proper handling of sexual assault and domestic violence crimes; [2] training for officers about these policies and about effective responses to sexual assault and domestic violence crimes more generally; and [3] supervision protocols and systems of accountability to ensure that officers responding to sexual assault and domestic violence crimes act in accordance with these policies and trainings. This document, alongside the department's other work in this area--including the provision of funding and technical assistance to LEAs--is meant to provide guidance to agencies as they develop more effective policies, practices and trainings."
United States. Department of Justice
2015-12-15?
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National Money Laundering Risk Assessment [2018]
From the Introduction: "This report identifies the most significant money laundering threats, vulnerabilities, and risks that the United States currently faces. It is based on a review of federal and state public sector analysis, enforcement actions, and guidance; as well as interviews with FinCEN [Financial Crimes Enforcement Network] staff, intelligence analysts, law enforcement agents, and prosecutors. The NMLRA [National Money Laundering Risk Assessment] uses all available information to identify as objectively as possible the priority money laundering risks to the United States. Money laundering continues to be a significant concern because it facilitates and conceals crime and can distort markets and the broader financial system. The United States is particularly vulnerable to all forms of illicit finance because more than half of the world's trade is denominated in U.S. dollars. Even trade transactions that do not involve a U.S. buyer or seller may involve the U.S. financial system. In addition, U.S. currency continues to be used globally."
United States. Department of the Treasury
2018
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Survey of Global Terrorism and Terrorist Financing: Hearing Before the United States House of Representatives, Committee on Financial Services, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, First Session, April 22, 2015
This is the April 22, 2015 Hearing on 'Survey of Global Terrorism and Terrorist Financing,' held before the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Financial Services. From the opening remarks of the survey: "Today's terror organizations are more evolved, thanks in no small part to better methods of funding and financing their dangerous brands of hate, extremism, and violence. The threats to freedom and democracy posed by the Islamic State and groups like it circle the globe, and the United States can ill afford to combat these enemies on the battlefield alone. Any global strategy against terror groups worldwide must attack at their funding source. Organizations, no matter how ideologically fanatical, can't effectively function without requisite resources." Statements, letters, and other materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Seth G. Jones, Jonathan Schanzer, and Juan C. Zarate.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2015
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Strategic Dimension of Chinese Engagement with Latin America
From the Conclusion: "In the realm of security and defense, the United States, the PRC [People's Republic of China], and Latin America are bound by interdependence. China's engagement with Latin America, both military and commercial, impacts the security and defense environment of the region, both positively and negatively. At the same time, the United States is linked to Latin America in geographic, economic, and human terms. What happens with respect to the security environment in the region impacts the United States. Finally, the US-PRC relationship affects, and is affected by, Latin America. If the global strategic competition between the United States and the PRC degenerates into a new geopolitical conflict, Latin America will be one of the battlefields in which that competition plays out. Reciprocally, the outcome of US-PRC interaction in Latin America has ramifications for the interaction between the two powers globally; if the US and China come to 'square off' over an issue in Latin America such as Chinese support for ALBA or the activities of Chinese telecommunications companies, it could propel the global PRC-US relationship toward conflict. On the other hand, if the US and the PRC find a path to cooperate and build confidence in Latin America, it could define the path for the two powers to avoid conflict as they necessarily co-exist and interact globally. In the process of working with the PRC in Latin America, the United States faces the risk of prematurely ceding strategic terrain to the PRC and thus accelerating its own global demise. Clearly, such collaboration much be managed with the utmost caution and with 'eyes wide open' on all sides. At the same time, the US may have few other good choices. Cautious collaboration with the PRC may be the best option that the United States has to positively impact the rules of the game in which the PRC presence in Latin America and the broader emerging global competition between the United States and the PRC play out."
William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies
Ellis, Robert Evan
2013
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International Narcotics Control Strategy Report: Volume II - Money Laundering and Financial Crimes [March 2015]
From the U.S. Department of State Media Note, "The U.S. Department of State submitted the International Narcotics Control Strategy Report (INCSR) to Congress today. The two-volume report offers a comprehensive assessment of the efforts of foreign governments to reduce illicit narcotics production, trafficking and use, in keeping with their international obligations under UN treaties, while also presenting information on governments' efforts to counter money laundering and terrorist financing. [...] "The second section, Money-Laundering and Financial Crimes, describes the efforts of Major Money Laundering Countries to implement strong anti-money laundering and counterterrorist financing regimes. The Report is a requirement of section 489 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961.""
United States. Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs
2015-03
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Promoting Corporate Transparency: Examining Legislative Proposals to Detect and Deter Financial Crime, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on National Security, International Development and Monetary Policy of the Committee on Financial Services, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, First Session, March 13, 2019
This is the March 13, 2019 hearing titled "Promoting Corporate Transparency: Examining Legislative Proposals to Detect and Deter Financial Crime," held before the House Subcommittee on National Security, International Development and Monetary Policy of the Committee on Financial Services. From the opening statement of Emanuel Cleaver: "Since the last major anti-money laundering reforms in 2001, the national security threats that face our country have evolved profoundly. Cyber and technological attacks have risen to the very top of our most recent worldwide threat assessment as a paramount national security risk. Underground online trafficking now allows for simplified avenues to transport illicit materials across the nation and around the globe. While the bill that we are dealing with today will close a number of loopholes that have allowed for financial crimes to be committed, it will also pull us into the 21st Century by positioning the U.S. to face tomorrow's challenges. An innovation council will be created from this bill, represented by directors from each innovation lab, who will coordinate on active Bank Secrecy Act compliance. It is imperative that we modernize our efforts to combat financial crimes because our adversaries will continue to modernize theirs. And this proposal is an important step, even though it is our first step." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Jacob Cohen, Dennis M. Lormel, Amit Sharma, and Gary F. Shiffman.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2019
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Department of Homeland Security 'Science and Technology Directorate' Budget Overview (Fiscal Year 2019 Congressional Justification)
From the Component Overview: "The strategic context presents the performance budget by tying together strategy, budget resource requests, programs, or PPAs, [programs, projects, and activities] and performance measures that gauge the delivery of results to our stakeholders. The Common Appropriation Structure (CAS) allows DHS to integrate the strategic programmatic view with our budget view of resources. With this structure, a significant portion of the Level 1 PPAs represent what DHS refers to as our mission programs. Mission support programs are also an important subset of our Level 1 PPAs that provide products and/or services to mission programs. Mission support capabilities include research and development, intelligence, training, and information sharing. Mission support programs may be crosscutting and support multiple mission programs. Mission support also includes enterprise leadership, management and/or business administration services and describes the capabilities and activities that support the day-to-day management and back office functions enabling the Department to operate efficiently and effectively. Performance measures associated with our programs are presented in two measure sets, strategic and management measures."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
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CRCL Newsletter (July 2021)
This issue of the CRCL [Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties] Newsletter contains the following articles: "DHS Welcomes Deputy Secretary John Tien"; "CRCL Mourns the Passing of Civil Rights Icon and Educator Bob Moses"; "DHS Statement on Safety and Immigration Enforcement During the 2021 Wildfire Season"; "CRCL Leads Webinar on Combatting FGM/C [Combatting Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting]"; "World Day Against Trafficking in Persons"; "'If You See Something, Say Something®' Campaign Materials Available in 10 Languages"; and "CRCL on the Road, July."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties
2021-07
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United States Government Women, Peace, and Security (WPS) Congressional Report
From the Executive Summary: "The United States is a steadfast supporter of the Women, Peace, and Security (WPS) agenda. Long before the passage of UN Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1325 in 2000 and the enactment and implementation of the first comprehensive law on WPS in 2017, the United States government (USG) has been implementing the WPS agenda through diplomacy, development, defense, and international cooperation, through its specific missions and its relevant Departments and Agencies. The WPS Act of 2017 (P.L. 115-68) (WPS Act) required the President to submit to Congress the U.S. Strategy on Women, Peace, and Security (WPS Strategy), which launched in 2019. The Strategy called for the Departments of Defense (DoD), Homeland Security (DHS), and State, as well as the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), to submit agency-specific Implementation Plans to measure and report on progress. The following public report to Congress evaluates the USG's progress in advancing the WPS Strategy's four Lines of Effort (LOEs): 1) Participation; 2) Protection; 3) Internal Capabilities; and 4) Partnerships. As each of the four departments and agencies have unique and tailored missions, the data and timeframes presented in their reports differ."
United States. White House Office
2021-06-29
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U.S. Exposure to Forced Labor Exports from China: Developments Since the U.S. Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015
From the Executive Summary: "China maintains a network of prison labor facilities that use forced labor to produce goods intended for export--a violation of U.S.-China trade agreements and U.S. law. U.S. officials continue to face considerable difficulty in combating exports of these forced labor products, since cooperation from Chinese interlocutors has remained at low levels for years. U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agents have not been permitted to make site inspections in China since 2009, and Chinese officials still routinely deny the suspected forced labor is occurring, claiming the factories in question do not exist or that they do not make the products in question. The status of the planned abolition of the Chinese 're-education through labor' (RTL) system is uncertain. Some reports indicate forced labor continues to occur at these sites but under a different penal framework. The Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act (TFTEA) of 2015 has strengthened U.S. Customs and Border Protection's (CBP) ability to prevent Chinese prison labor-derived products from entering U.S. markets primarily through the elimination of the 'consumptive demand' exemption, speeding up the process for issuance of a withhold release order (WRO) for products deemed to have been made with forced labor. Since the TFTEA entered into force, four WROs have been issued against Chinese companies. These WROs were the first to be issued against Chinese companies since 1996, and two of the companies in question appear to have since closed."
U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission
Bowe, Alexander (Policy analyst)
2017-08-08
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Flight Plight: An Examination of Contemporary Humanitarian Immigration from Honduras, Cuba and Syria to the United States with Considerations for National Security
From the thesis abstract: "This thesis examines contemporary U.S. immigration for humanitarian populations from Honduras, Cuba, and Syria. Humanitarian immigration refers to refugees, asylum seekers, and those who are forcibly displaced from their homelands. The study explores how the United States can balance its identity as a nation of immigrants with its increasing security concerns within forced migrant populations. The research describes various philosophies of and motives for migration and the United States' role as an international destination for refugees. The study also provides a comprehensive review of all U.S. humanitarian immigration programs available to forced migrants from Honduras, Cuba, and Syria. These unique reviews, or case studies, are introduced with descriptions of each country's social, political, and historical context for migration and feature fictional scenarios in which immigrant families interact directly with country conditions and the U.S. humanitarian immigration programs available to them. Finally, the thesis reviews national security concerns presented by humanitarian immigration programs and explains how national priorities and legislative remedies can temper public fear." An 8 minute, 28 second interview on this thesis is also available at the following link: [https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did=808963]
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Ventura, Catherine Schroeck
2016-03
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Thailand: Background and U.S. Relations [June 19, 2014]
"Thailand is a long-time military ally and a significant trade and economic partner for the United States. In 2013, Thailand was the United States' 24th largest goods trading partner, with $38.0 billion in total two-way goods trade. For many years, Thailand was also seen as a model of stable democracy in Southeast Asia, although this image, along with U.S. relations, has been complicated by deep political and economic instability in the wake of two military coups in the past eight years. The first, in 2006, displaced Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra, a popular but polarizing figure who remains a focus of many divisions within Thailand. The second, in 2014, deposed an acting prime minister after Thaksin's sister, Yingluck Shinawatra, was ousted from the premiership by a Constitutional Court decision that many saw as politically motivated."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Chanlett-Avery, Emma; Dolven, Ben
2014-06-19
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Restitution in Federal Criminal Cases [Updated October 15, 2019]
From the Summary: "Restitution in federal criminal cases is a matter of statute. A handful of statutes identify the victims who are eligible to receive restitution; what criminal convictions may trigger an obligation to pay restitution; the losses for which victims may be compensated; and the procedure by which restitution is ordered and enforced. [...] The Department of Justice, acting on behalf of a victim, may enforce a restitution order in the manner it uses to collect fines or by 'all other available and reasonable means.' Victims may secure a lien in their own names against the defendant's property in order to secure restitution, and they may bring other civil actions in their own names against the defendant. The courts do not agree on whether the abatement doctrine cuts off unfulfilled obligations under a restitution order. The abatement doctrine provides that when a defendant dies while his or her appeal is still pending the law treats the defendant's indictment and conviction as though they had never happened. The conviction is vacated and the indictment dismissed."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Doyle, Charles
2019-10-15
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U.S.-Vietnam Relations in 2014: Current Issues and Implications for U.S. Policy [June 24, 2014]
"After communist North Vietnam's victory over U.S.-backed South Vietnam in 1975, the United States and Vietnam had minimal relations until the mid-1990s. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations in 1995, overlapping security and economic interests have led the two sides to expand relations across a wide range of sectors. In 2013, President Obama and his Vietnamese counterpart announced a 'comprehensive partnership' that is to provide a framework for moving the relationship to a 'new phase.' A key factor driving the two countries together is a shared concern about China's increased assertiveness in Southeast Asia, particularly in the South China Sea. In 2014, the 113th Congress is likely to confront four inter-related issues with respect to U.S. relations with Vietnam: a 2014 bilateral nuclear energy cooperation agreement; Vietnam's participation with the United States in the 12-country Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) free trade agreement negotiations; questions about how the United States can influence human rights conditions inside Vietnam; and a debate over bilateral security ties, including whether to consider relaxing restrictions on military sales to Vietnam."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Manyin, Mark E.
2014-06-24
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Review of the Fiscal Year 2021 Budget Request for the Department of Homeland Security, Hearing Before the Committee on Homeland Security, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Second Session, March 3, 2020
This is the March 3, 2020 hearing on "Review of the Fiscal Year 2021 Budget Request for the Department of Homeland Security," held before the House Committee on Homeland Security. From the opening statement of Bennie Thompson, "The committee is meeting today to receive testimony on the administration's budget request for the Department of Homeland Security. [...] As Americans face a potential coronavirus pandemic, the administration appears to be caught flat-footed, scrambling to figure out who is in charge. Meanwhile, the President's proposed budget prioritizes his draconian immigration campaign promises at the expense of our core homeland security activities and responsibilities, including agencies and programs that are integral to the coronavirus response. I remain committed to ensuring the Department receives the funding it needs to carry out its mission on behalf of the American people." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Chad Wolf.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2021
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Carrier Information Guide: United States Documentary Requirements for Travel
"The U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) Carrier Information Guide is designed to serve as a reference aid for travel industry personnel. It outlines the various documentary requirements that apply to persons entering or departing the United States. Carrier personnel are urged to familiarize themselves with all sections of the publication and reference it in their examination of travel documents." "Anyone seeking entry into the United States of America, whether a United States ('U.S.') citizen, a U.S. resident or a visitor to the U.S., must have in his/her possession documentation of identity and nationality. In addition, each traveler must be in possession of proper documentation for the purpose of his/her travel. U.S. law provides that transportation carriers may be liable for improperly documented passengers brought to the United States."
U.S. Customs and Border Protection
2009-01
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International Narcotics Control Strategy Report: Volume I, Drug and Chemical Control, March 2011
"The Department of State's International Narcotics Control Strategy Report (INCSR) has been prepared in accordance with section 489 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended (the 'FAA,' 22 U.S.C. § 2291). The 2011 INCSR, published in March 2011, covers the year January 1 to December 31, 2010 and is published in two volumes, the second of which covers money laundering and financial crimes. In addition to addressing the reporting requirements of section 489 of the FAA (as well as sections 481(d)(2) and 484(c) of the FAA and section 804 of the Narcotics Control Trade Act of 1974, as amended), the INCSR provides the factual basis for the designations contained in the President's report to Congress on the major drug-transit or major illicit drug producing countries initially set forth in section 591 of the Kenneth M. Ludden Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2002 (P.L. 107-115) (the 'FOAA'), and now made permanent pursuant to section 706 of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 2003 (P.L. 107-228) (the 'FRAA'). Section 706 of the FRAA requires that the President submit an annual report no later than September 15 identifying each country determined by the President to be a major drug-transit country or major illicit drug producing country. The President is also required in that report to identify any country on the majors list that has 'failed demonstrably . . . to make substantial efforts' during the previous 12 months to adhere to international counternarcotics agreements and to take certain counternarcotics measures set forth in U.S. law. U.S. assistance under the current foreign operations appropriations act may not be provided to any country designated as having 'failed demonstrably' unless the President determines that the provision of such assistance is vital to U.S. national interests or that the country, at any time after the President's initial report to Congress, has made 'substantial efforts' to comply with the counternarcotics conditions in the legislation. This prohibition does not affect humanitarian, counternarcotics, and certain other types of assistance that are authorized to be provided notwithstanding any other provision of law."
United States. Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs
2011-03
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Irregular Opposing Forces
From the Introduction: "This training circular (TC), as part of the TC 7-100 series, addresses the irregular opposing force (OPFOR), which in Army training exercises represents a composite of actual threats and enemies that comprise irregular forces. The three primary categories of irregular forces portrayed by the OPFOR are insurgents, guerrillas, and criminals. These actors may operate separately or in conjunction with one another and/or combined with regular military forces as the Hybrid Threat (HT) for training. This TC also addresses other actors present in an operational environment (OE), who may be affiliated with the irregular OPFOR through willing support or coercion, and/or may be passive or unknowing supporters of the irregular OPFOR."
United States. Department of the Army
2014-01-17
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United States Department of State Implementation Plan of the National Action Plan on Women, Peace, and Security
"The goal of the first-ever 'United States National Action Plan on Women, Peace, and Security' (NAP) is as simple as it is profound: to empower half the world's population to act as equal partners in preventing conflict and building peace in countries threatened and affected by war, violence, and insecurity. Achieving this goal is critical to our national and global security and it builds on the work of the Department under Secretaries of State Madeleine Albright, Colin Powell, Condoleezza Rice, and Hillary Rodham Clinton, since the first United Nations (UN) Security Council Resolution on Women, Peace, and Security was passed in 2000. As directed by Executive Order 13595, 'Instituting a National Action Plan on Women, Peace, and Security,' the NAP describes the course that the United States (U.S.) Government will take to accelerate, institutionalize, and better coordinate our efforts to advance women's inclusion in peace negotiations, peacebuilding activities, conflict prevention, and decision-making institutions; to protect women from gender-based violence; and to ensure equal access to relief and recovery assistance, in areas of conflict and insecurity. Further, the Executive Order requested the Departments of State and Defense (DoD) and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) to develop implementation plans identifying the actions each agency plans to take to implement the NAP. The following 'Department of State Implementation Plan of the United States National Action Plan on Women, Peace, and Security ('Department Implementation Plan') provides guidance for how the Department of State (Department), both in Washington and at U.S. embassies and consulates, can advance the NAP."
United States. Department of State
2012-08
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2011 OJP Annual Report: Driving the Future
"OJP's [Office of Justice Program's] research and statistical programs help the criminal and juvenile justice communities address public safety issues from grassroots to national levels. We share information on innovative programs and identify those which are most effective. OJP places a strong emphasis on the scientific underpinnings of evidence-based solutions to help steer ourselves and our partners in the field toward a safe and secure future. This chapter details some of the dramatic advances made in FY 2011 in OJP's ability to translate evidence about what works for practitioners and policymakers in the field. OJP's signature efforts to prioritize scientific inquiry in the criminal justice field came under the umbrella of our Evidence Integration Initiative (E2I), begun in 2009."
United States. Office of Justice Programs
2011
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Africa: Irregular Warfare on the Dark Continent
"Dr. John Alexander's current JSOU [Joint Special Operations University] Press monograph provides an assessment of the African continent with a particular focus on how Special Operations Forces (SOF) may need to operate and how the local environment impacts these operations. He provides a strategic overview and assessment of current conditions on the continent, identifies key concerns and issues, and discusses key players. For a variety of reasons, Africa is, and will remain, a region of critical importance not only to the United States but also to other regions and countries of the world. This monograph will be very useful for SOF planners and operators as well as conventional forces and interagency partners working in the region. Dr. Alexander provides insight into major issues concerning Africa from tribalism, resource competition, and political instability to terrorist and criminal network linkages. The author bases his assessment on a review of historical trends as well as the impact of current political and geostrategic events. His realistic assessment indicates the region is likely to remain volatile for the short-to-medium timeframe. Conflicts in the Sudan, Congo, and the Horn of Africa combined with instability or potential instability within other key African countries will require external support and assistance from the United States and its allies to work out a viable solution to their problems. Much of this assistance will not fall into the military realm. Unfortunately much of the instability will turn into conflict and may require multinational military intervention. This tension between assistance and intervention is the underlying conundrum facing strategists and planners--Africa is too important to the world to continue to ignore its significant challenges and conflicts."
Joint Special Operations University (U.S.)
Alexander, John B.
2009-05
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Overview of Bureau of Justice Assistance's (BJA's) Programs
Lonnie McDougal of the Bureau of Justice Assistance gives this presentation on BJA programs at the 2005 Critical Incident Response Conference.
United States. Department of Justice
McDougal, Lonnie R.
2005-11-01
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Women on the Frontlines of Peace and Security
"Around the globe, policymakers and activists are working to empower women as agents of peace and to help address the challenges they face as survivors of conflict. When women are involved in peace negotiations, they raise important issues that might be otherwise overlooked. When women are educated and enabled to participate in every aspect of their societies--from growing the economy to strengthening the security sector--communities are more stable and less prone to conflict. Every moment of every day our world is becoming more interconnected, and we are wise to engage all stakeholders in finding solutions to our most difficult challenges. Acknowledging the barriers many societies still impose on women's participation and encouraging the potential of women to promote peace--in their own countries and around the world--are parts of this process. Our understanding of the importance of women in building and keeping peace is informed by a wide range of experts, from diplomats to military officials and from human rights activists to development professionals. The goal of this book is to bring together these diverse voices. As leaders in every region of the world recognize, no country can reach its full potential without the participation of all its citizens. This book seeks to add to the chorus of voices working to ensure that women and girls take their rightful place in building a stronger, safer, more prosperous world."
National Defense University Press
2015?
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Management Assistance Report: Action Still Needed To Update the Department's 'Standards of Conduct' as They Relate to Trafficking in Persons and To Comply With a Related Recommendation
"In 2011, the Office of Inspector General (OIG) made 3 recommendations to the Office to
Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons (J/TIP) that were intended to increase
awareness among Department employees about trafficking in persons (TIP) policies and
requirements. Specifically, OIG recommended that J/TIP include the U.S. Government's
Trafficking in Persons policy in the Department's Foreign Affairs Manual, expand its code of
conduct for employees to cover conduct with respect to TIP activities, and provide training
on TIP.
Although J/TIP concurred with all the recommendations offered, 2 of the 3
recommendations have not been fully implemented nearly 4 years later. As a result, the
Department is not well-positioned to hold employees accountable for violations of TIP or
to ensure TIP policies and requirements are understood and followed. Therefore, OIG is
compelled to elevate this issue to the Under Secretary for Civilian Security, Democracy, and
Human Rights."
United States. Department of State. Office of the Inspector General; United States. Broadcasting Board of Governors
2015-09
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Europe and Eurasia
The years 2003-2004 have shown mixed results in advancing human rights and democracy across Europe and Eurasia. The most positive overall development has been an increasingly activist and resilient civil society throughout the region, often in the face of serious repression. Where elections have been manipulated, the press has been harassed or individuals have had their rights abused, people have bravely stood up to protest and to demand change. The continued involvement of the international community continues to be crucial to overcoming post-conflict issues, the development of democracy and rule of law, and respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. This document examines the U.S. strategy for promoting democracy in these areas. The United States has funded a range of country-specific and regional projects supporting free media, civil society, including human rights groups and independent labor unions, religious freedom, democratic elections, political party development, good governance, the rule of law and anti-trafficking measures. The United States uses bilateral and multilateral channels, primarily the OSCE but also the UN Commission on Human Rights, both to support positive developments and to highlight instances of abuse.
United States. Department of State
2004-05-17
