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• United States Attorneys' Bulletin: Civil Rights, Volume 56 Number 5, September 2008

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  This edition of the United States Attorneys' Bulletin covers Civil Rights. The following articles are included: "Department of Justice's Enforcement of the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act"; "Enforcement of the Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act by the Department of Justice"; "Election Monitoring"; "Changing Lives and Changing Communities: Expanding the Reach of Accessible Health Care to Deaf and Hard of Hearing Persons Through the U.S. Attorney Program for Americans with Disabilities Act Enforcement"; "Federal Laws Protecting Religious Freedom"; "Selected Issues in Criminal Civil Rights Enforcement"; "Linguistic Diversity and Its Implications for United States Attorneys' Offices"; "Enforcing Protections Against Immigration-Related Employment Discrimination: What Every Department of Justice Employee Should Know"; and "Handling Civil Rights Cases--An Assistant U.S. Attorney's Perspective."

  Executive Office for U.S. Attorneys

  2008-09
• Digest of United States Practice in International Law, 2017

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  From the Introduction: "It is my pleasure to introduce the 2017 edition of the 'Digest of United States Practice in International Law.' This volume reflects the work of the Office of the Legal Adviser during calendar year 2017, including the final weeks of the Obama Administration and the beginning of the Trump Administration. The State Department publishes the on-line 'Digest' to make U.S. views on international law quickly and readily accessible to our counterparts in other governments, and to international organizations, scholars, students, and other users, both within the United States and around the world. During most of this year, the Office was fortunate to be led by Principal Deputy Legal Adviser Richard Visek, and a number of excerpts from his remarks and presentations over the course of 2017 are included in this edition. This volume features explanations of U.S. international legal views in 2017 delivered by representatives of the U.S. government."

  United States. Department of State. Office of the Legal Adviser

  Guymon, CarrieLyn D.

  2017
• State Department 2013 Trafficking in Persons Report, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights, and International Organizations of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, First Session, July 11, 2013

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  This is the July 11, 2013 Hearing on 'The State Department 2013 Trafficking in Persons Report held before the Committee on Foreign Affairs. The following is from the opening statement: "The TIP [Trafficking in Persons] Report was released late last month, and I was pleased to see that it is one of the best and that it faithfully reported and graded the records of China, Russia, and Uzbekistan, which had been skirting accountability for far too long. Now, the administration is faced with next steps including what sanctions might be imposed to press these nations to reform. When I wrote the law, the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 that created not only this report, but also the Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons and Ambassador Luis CdeBaca's position in the U.S. Department of State, and several other provisions to prevent both sex and labor trafficking, protect victims, and prosecute traffickers, it was sincerely hoped that this report would become the international gold standard and primary means of anti-trafficking accountability around the world. I am happy to say it has. From the halls of Parliaments globally to police stations in remote corners of the world, this report is today being used to focus anti-trafficking work--a search light on the work that is occurring or not occurring in some 186 countries." Statements, letters, and other materials submitted for the record include those from Luis CdeBaca.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2013
• Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2012, Hearings Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, First Session on H.R. 2596/S. 1572, An Act Making Appropriations for the Departments of Commerce and Justice, and Science, and Related Agencies for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2012, and for Other Purposes, March 10, 2011, and April 7, 11, and 14, 2011

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  From the opening statement of Barbara A. Mikulski: "When we talk about numbers and statistics and cuts and shutdowns and showdowns, we need to know that there are consequences to this, and that there are people every single day out there, putting themselves in harm's way not only to protect us overseas--and we salute those troops there--but we have boots on the ground in the United States of America. And they are in our streets and our neighborhoods. […] We also note that in local law enforcement--well, eight Federal law enforcement agents died last year in the line of duty--eight. Also we were told through the National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund that 160 police officers died nationwide. That is a 40 percent jump in our thin blue line from what it was in other years. Forty percent more police officers have died. We are a Nation at risk, and our law enforcement is at risk. Now, there will be appropriate memorial services, which we salute. But we have to protect those who protect us. And that means adequate pay--first of all, let us start with respect. Let us realize that there are many people who are called to defend and protect the United States, and many are in our Federal law enforcement. So I am going to be asking you questions today about what is going to happen in terms of what you see in 2012 and the consequences to the continuing resolution." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Barbara A. Mikulski, Eric H. Holder, Jr., the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2012
• Followup Evaluation of Report No. DODIG-2019-088, 'Evaluation of DOD Efforts to Combat Trafficking in Persons in Kuwait,' June 11, 2019

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  From the Objective: "The objective of this followup evaluation was to determine whether the DoD implemented corrective actions for report recommendations in DODIG-2019-088, 'Evaluation of DoD Efforts to Combat Trafficking in Persons in Kuwait,' June 11, 2019 (the 2019 report)."

  United States. Department of Defense. Office of the Inspector General

  2022-04-08
• Serial No. 109-68: The 9/11 Reform Act: Examining the Implementation of the Human Smuggling and Trafficking Center: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Management, Integration, and Oversight of the Committee on Homeland Security, House of Representatives, One Hundred Ninth Congress, Second Session, March 8, 2006

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  From the opening statement of Mike Rogers: "The 9/11 Commission correctly pointed out that before September 11, 2001, no U.S. Government agency systemically analyzed terrorists' travel strategies. The 9/11 Commission also believed if the Federal Government had done so, we could have discovered how terrorist predecessors to al-Qa'ida exploited the weaknesses in our border security. As a result, and based on the Commission's recommendation, the Committee on Homeland Security, along with the Committee on International Relations, pushed for the terrorist travel provisions in the 9/11 Reform Act. Through the Act, Congress directed the Departments of Justice, State and Homeland Security to address the problem of terrorist travel, including human smuggling and trafficking, in a comprehensive way. The result was the Human Smuggling and Trafficking Center. We look forward to hearing about the effectiveness of the Center today, as well as challenges to this interagency effort." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Mike Rogers, Kendrick Meek, Katherine Harris, Sheila Jackson-Lee, Bill Pascrell Jr., Dave G. Reichert, John Clark, Mare Gorelick, Chris Swecker, Susan Ginsburg.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2007
• Preventing and Addressing Sex Trafficking of Youth in Foster Care: Hearing before the Committee on Ways and Means, Subcommittee on Human Resources, House of Representatives, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, First Session, October 23, 2013

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  This testimony compilation is from the October 23, 2013 hearing "Preventing and Addressing Sex Trafficking of Youth in Foster Care" before the Subcommittee on Human Resources of the U.S. House Committee on Ways and Means. From the hearing announcement dated October 16, 2013: "From the Reports suggest a majority of children involved in sex trafficking are either currently in foster care or have been involved with the child welfare system in the past. In 2010, officials in Los Angeles reported that 59 percent of juveniles arrested for prostitution were in the foster care system. Of children reported missing to the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children who are also likely sex trafficking victims, 60 percent were in foster care or group homes when they ran away. […] This hearing [reviews] how the child welfare system currently works to prevent the sex trafficking of youth in foster care, how the needs of sex trafficking victims are addressed, and how Federal laws and policies might be improved to better ensure the safety and well-being of youth at risk of abuse and neglect." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Erik Paulsen, Louise Slaughter, Ted Poe, Karen Bass, Orrin G. Hatch, Withelma "T" Ortiz Walker Pettigrew, John Ryan, Bobbe J. Bridge, Melinda Giovengo, and Ashley Harris.

  United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means

  2013-10-23
• Preventing and Addressing Sex Trafficking of Youth in Foster Care, Hearing Before U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Ways and Means, Subcommittee on Human Resources, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, First Session, October 23, 2013

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  This is the October 23, 2013 hearing on "Preventing and Addressing Sex Trafficking of Youth in Foster Care" held before U.S. House Committee on Ways and Means. From the opening statement of Dave Reichert: "Welcome to our hearing today. Before being elected to Congress, I spent over 32 years working in law enforcement in King County, Washington, becoming Sheriff in 1997. I saw firsthand the many tragedies children face when they're not cared for by loving parents. It was in the Sheriff's office where I first witnessed the horrors of child sex trafficking, and it convinced me we needed to do more to protect youth at risk of abuse. And in late summer, 1982 I began a 20-year journey that would focus my attention on this issue like nothing else ever could. […] We can't continue to allow these kids to become victims of this terrible crime. We owe it to these children to ensure our nation's foster care system does all it can to protect them so they can live safe, happy, and successful lives. For too many kids in foster care, we are not living up to that promise. That's why the topic of today's hearing is so critical to me, and why I know it's important to each of our witnesses today. I look forward to hearing from each of them." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Dave Reichert, Erik Paulsen, Louise Slaughter, Ted Poe, Karen Bass, Orrin G. Hatch, Withelma "T" Ortiz Walker Pettigrew, John Ryan, Bobbe J. Bridge, Melinda Giovengo, and Ashley Harris.

  United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means

  2013-10-23
• Trafficking and Money Laundering: Strategies Used by Criminal Groups and Terrorists and Federal Efforts to Combat Them, Report to Congressional Committees

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  From the Government Accountability Office (GAO) Highlights: "FinCEN [Financial Crimes Enforcement Network] identified trafficking activity of transnational criminal organizations and terrorist groups as among the most significant illicit finance threats facing the United States in its 2021 Anti-Money Laundering and Countering the Financing of Terrorism National Priorities. Congress included a provision in the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 for GAO to review trafficking and related money laundering and federal efforts to combat them. Among its objectives, this report describes what is known about the money laundering strategies of transnational criminal organizations and terrorists and information-sharing efforts among federal agencies to combat trafficking. GAO reviewed documentation from Treasury and other federal agencies, international and nonprofit organizations focused on trafficking or money laundering, scholarly journals, and prior GAO work. GAO examined federal guidance to financial institutions and interviewed federal agency officials; experts in trafficking, money laundering, and use of data technology; and representatives of trade groups for lawyers and accountants. GAO also interviewed five groups of financial institution representatives about identifying trafficking-related suspicious activities."

  United States. Government Accountability Office

  2021-12-23
• Citizenship and Immigration Services Ombudsman: Annual Report 2016

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  "The Office of the Citizenship and Immigration Services Ombudsman's (Ombudsman) 2016 Annual Report contains: [1. ]An overview of the Ombudsman's mission and services; [2.] A review of U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) programmatic and policy challenges during this reporting period; and [3.] A detailed discussion of pervasive and serious problems, recommendations, and best practices in humanitarian, employment, and family areas, as well as customer service and integrity."

  U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services

  2016-06-29
• S. Rept 115- 433: To Amend the Tribal Law and Order Act of 2010 and the Indian Law Enforcement Reform Act to Provide for Advancements in Public Safety Services to Indian Communities, and for Other Purposes, Report to Accompany S. 1953, Including Cost Estimate of the Congressional Budget Office, December 13, 2018

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  "The Tribal Law and Order Act Reauthorization and Amendments Act of 2018, S. 1953, builds on the improvements to criminal justice systems serving Indian communities that were enacted in the Tribal Law and Order Act of 2010 (TLOA). It is also intended to provide additional tools for law enforcement officials to reduce crime, overcrowded jail conditions, and recidivism, as well as address justice for Indian youth. It seeks to clarify the responsibilities of Federal, state, tribal, and local governments with respect to crimes committed in Indian Country. The bill extends the authorization of various programs in the Tribal Law and Order Act of 2010 until 2022. The bill, S. 1953, contains other provisions to improve justice within Indian Country."

  United States. Government Publishing Office

  2018-12-13
• Report of the DHS Advisory Committee on Family Residential Centers

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  From the Introduction: "The detention of migrant children and families by the U.S. government has been controversial since its inception. [...] Since its inception, many reports by government agencies (including the Government Accountability Office (GAO) and various subunits of DHS), the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the American Bar Association (ABA), and advocacy organizations have made similar and negative findings. In this report, the ACFRC adds our voice to those prior critiques. We offer numerous recommendations to improve detention management and conditions. [...] Our report proceeds as follows: We complete this Introduction with some background on family detention. We then proceed in seven parts, addressing: 1. Decision to Detain and Release; 2. Reform of Detention and Alternatives-to-Detention (ATD); 3. Access to Counsel; 4. Education Services and Programs; 5. Language Access; 6. Medical, Mental Health, and Trauma-Informed Care; [and] 7. Inspections, Complaints, and Oversight."

  U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement

  2016-09-30
• Report of the ICE Advisory Committee on Family Residential Centers

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  From the Introduction: "The detention of migrant children and families by the U.S. government has been controversial since its inception. Child and family detention has been the subject of a number of federal lawsuits - most notably, the 'Flores' litigation (currently captioned 'Flores v. Lynch'), filed in 1985 and still in active litigation. Since its inception, many reports by government agencies [...] and advocacy organizations have made similar and negative findings. In this report, the ACFRC [U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement [ICE] Advisory Committee on Family Residential Centers] adds our voice to those prior critiques. We offer numerous recommendations to improve detention management and conditions. But these should be understood in light of our basic conclusion and first recommendation, [...] Recommendation 1-1: DHS's immigration enforcement practices should operationalize the presumption that detention is generally neither appropriate nor necessary for families - and that detention or the separation of families for purposes of immigration enforcement or management are never in the best interest of children."

  U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement

  ICE Advisory Committee on Family Residential Centers

  2016-10-07
• S. Rept. 116-37: Amending the Tribal Law and Order Act of 2010 and the Indian Law Enforcement Reform Act to Provide for Advancements in Public Safety Services to Indian Communities, and for Other Purposes, Report to Accompany S. 210, Including Cost Estimate of the Congressional Budget Office, May 6, 2019

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  From the Document: "The 'Tribal Law and Order Act Reauthorization and Amendments Act of 2019,' S. 210, builds on the improvements to criminal justice systems serving Indian communities that were enacted in the 'Tribal Law and Order Act of 2010' (TLOA). The sponsors of the bill intend it to provide additional tools for law enforcement officials to reduce crime, overcrowded jail conditions, and recidivism as well as address justice for Indian youth. It also seeks to clarify the responsibilities of Federal, state, tribal, and local governments with respect to crimes committed in Indian Country. The bill extends the authorization of various programs in the 'Tribal Law and Order Act of 2010' until 2024 and contains other provisions to improve justice within Indian Country."

  United States. Government Publishing Office

  2019-05-06
• Are Rights a Reality? Evaluating Federal Civil Rights Enforcement: 2019 Statutory Enforcement Report

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  From the Executive Summary: "Many times over our 62-year existence, the Commission has examined effectiveness of civil rights enforcement among federal agencies. Congress charges the federal government with enforcing civil rights under the U.S. Constitution, as well as federal civil rights statutes such as the Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 1964, and subsequent civil rights statutes such as the Voting Rights Act, the Fair Housing Act, Section 794 of the Rehabilitation Act, the Americans with Disabilities Act, Title IX of the Education Amendments Act of 1972, the Age Discrimination Act, and many others. These laws provide federal protections from discrimination on the bases of race, color, religion or conscience, national origin, sex, disability, age, and several other protected characteristics in a broad range of areas including employment, housing, voting, education, and public accommodations. Congress and federal agencies established civil rights offices at the agencies to enforce these civil rights and ensure compliance."

  United States Commission on Civil Rights

  2019-11
• Violence & Victimization Research Division's Compendium of Research on Violence Against Women 1993-2008 [Last Updated February 5, 2008]

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  This National Institute of Justice Office of Research and Evaluation report is a compendium of all projects performed regarding violence and victimization of women in the United States between 1993 and 2008. "Where final reports are available in print, a NCJ number will be listed. All NCJ numbers listed herein can be searched through the 'Library/Abstracts' link on the National Criminal Justice Reference Center (NCJRS) home page, http://www.ncjrs.gov. A search by NCJ number will yield an abstract of the final report as well as an Adobe PDF link to a copy of the final report or to the Publisher's website. Final reports may also be found through a search by Author, Title, or Subject. For example: The final report for 1997-WT-VX-0006 (An Evaluation of Family Advocacy with a Team Approach) has a product with NCJ# 187107 & 187110 (Evaluation of Victim Advocacy within a Team Approach). To obtain this final report, search the NCJRS Abstracts Database through the 'Library/Abstracts' link on the top of the home page. In the 'NCJ Number' field, enter 187107 or 187110 and the search will provide a link to the final report abstract as well as the link to a copy of this final report in Adobe PDF. NCJRS is a federally funded resource offering extensive reference and referral services about justice and substance abuse information to support research, policy, and program development worldwide. The National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, is one of several federal sponsors of the NCJRS website. Where a NCJ number is not listed, please contact the Author or Principal Investigator (PI) for more information."

  National Institute of Justice (U.S.)

  2008-02
• Report to Congress from Attorney General John Ashcroft on U.S. Government Efforts to Combat Trafficking in Persons in Fiscal Year 2003

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  "Trafficking in persons is a horrific crime and grotesque violation of human rights. The fact that an estimated 600,000 to 800,000 people continue to be trafficked across international borders each year having been bought, sold, transported or held in slavery-like conditions for sex and labor exploitation is almost mind-boggling. Such a legacy from centuries past is startling. Today, in 2004, slavery ought to have been consigned to the dustbin of history. In the United States, where slavery was outlawed nationally more than 130 years ago, this tragic phenomenon should no longer exist. Yet it does. The U.S. Government estimates that between 14,500 and 17,500 people are trafficked annually into the United States. The nature of this crime-underground, often under-acknowledged-contributes to an inability to determine the precise number of people who are victimized by traffickers each year. The scope of this hideous exploitation is wide and varied, but typically involves victims entrapped in commercial sexual exploitation such as prostitution, or labor exploitation in sweatshops, domestic servitude, construction sites and agricultural settings. Trafficking is a transnational criminal enterprise that recognizes neither boundaries nor borders. Profits from trafficking feed the coffers of organized crime. Trafficking is linked to other criminal activities such as document fraud, money laundering and migrant smuggling. Moreover, as a matter of policy, the U.S. Government opposes prostitution and any related activities as contributing to the phenomenon of trafficking in persons. These activities are inherently harmful and dehumanizing."

  United States. Department of Justice

  2004-05-01
• 2012: The FBI Story

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  "For the FBI [Federal Bureau of Investigation] and its partners, 2012 was a year that reminded us once again of the seriousness of the security threats facing our nation. During the year, extremists plotted to attack--unsuccessfully, thanks to the work of our Joint Terrorism Task Forces--the U.S. Capitol, the New York Federal Reserve Bank, and other landmarks on U.S. soil. Tragically, on the 11th anniversary of 9/11, a hateful attack in Benghazi took the lives of the U.S. Ambassador to Libya and three other Americans. In the cyber realm, a rising tide of hackers took electronic aim at global cyber infrastructure, causing untold damages. High-dollar white-collar crimes of all kinds also continued to siphon significant sums from the pocketbooks of consumers. And in Newtown, Connecticut, 20 young children and six adults lost their lives in one of the worst mass shootings in American history, ending a year of violence that saw similar tragedies around the country. Working with its colleagues around the globe, the FBI is committed to taking a leadership role in protecting the nation. As you can see from this book--an annual compilation of stories from the FBI's public website that provides a snapshot of Bureau milestones, activities, and accomplishments--we used the full range of our intelligence, investigative, and operational skills to address major threats during the year. We helped avert terrorist attacks and derail terrorist supporters, put cyber criminals and fraudsters behind bars, and dismantled violent gangs and organized crime groups. Today, as these pages make clear, protecting our country and our communities is truly a team effort. National security and law enforcement organizations are working together more closely than ever. At the same time, Americans from all walks of life can and do make a difference in solving and preventing crime and terrorism."

  United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation

  2012-01-23
• International Narcotics Control Strategy Report: Volume II: Money Laundering and Financial Crimes [March 2009]

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  This document is volume II of the State Department's 2009 annual report on its international narcotics control strategy and covers money laundering and financial crimes. "The 2009 International Narcotics Control Strategy Report (INCSR) is an annual report by the Department of State to Congress prepared in accordance with the Foreign Assistance Act. It describes the efforts of key countries to attack all aspects of the international drug trade in Calendar Year 2008. Volume I covers drug and chemical control activities. Volume II covers money laundering and financial crimes."

  United States. Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs

  2009-03
• Nomination of Rex Tillerson to be Secretary of State, Hearing Before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, First Session, January 11, 2017

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  This is the January 11, 2017 hearing on "Nomination Hearing: Rex Wayne Tillerson, Secretary of State" held before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. From the opening statement of Rex W. Tillerson: "We face considerable threats in this evolving new environment. China has emerged as an economic power in global trade, and our interactions have been both friendly and adversarial. While Russia seeks respect and relevance on the global stage, its recent activities have disregarded American interests. Radical Islam is not a new ideology, but it is hateful, deadly, and an illegitimate expression of the Islamic faith. Adversaries like Iran and North Korea pose grave threats to the world because of their refusal to conform to international norms." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Rex W. Tillerson.

  United States. Government Publishing Office

  2017
• H. Rept. 115-1127: Legislative and Oversight Activities of the Committee on Homeland Security, Report Together with Additional Views, January 2, 2019

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  "The Committee on Homeland Security met on February 1, 2017, for an organizational meeting for the 115th Congress under the direction of Chairman Michael T. McCaul of Texas. The Committee Membership, was set at 32 Members with 18 Republicans and 14 Democrats. The Committee established six Subcommittees: The Subcommittee on Counterterrorism and Intelligence; the Subcommittee on Border and Maritime Security; the Subcommittee on Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Protection; the Subcommittee on Oversight and Management Efficiency; the Subcommittee on Transportation and Protective Security; and the Subcommittee on Emergency Preparedness, Response, and Communications."

  United States. Government Publishing Office

  2019-01-02
• H. Rept. 115-1127: Legislative and Oversight Activities of the Committee on Homeland Security, 115th Congress, Together with Additional Views, January 2, 2019

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  From the Overview: "The Committee on Homeland Security met on February 1, 2017, for an organizational meeting for the 115th Congress under the direction of Chairman Michael T. McCaul of Texas. The Committee Membership, was set at 32 Members with 18 Republicans and 14 Democrats. The Committee established six Subcommittees: The Subcommittee on Counterterrorism and Intelligence; the Subcommittee on Border and Maritime Security; the Subcommittee on Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Protection; the Subcommittee on Oversight and Management Efficiency; the Subcommittee on Transportation and Protective Security; and the Subcommittee on Emergency Preparedness, Response, and Communications."

  United States. Government Publishing Office

  2019-01-02
• Transnational Activities of Chinese Crime Organizations

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  This study investigates the major pockets of activity of Chinese criminal groups from 2000-2003, throughout the world except for mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan. The main geographical regions of such activity are Australia, Europe, Japan, Latin America, North America, Russia, South Africa, and Southeast Asia. The report notes the participation of such groups in all major types of crime, including trafficking of human beings and various commodities, financial crimes, extortion, gambling, prostitution, and violent crimes. For the purposes of this report, the term "Chinese" refers to individuals of purely Chinese ethnic origin living in any part of the world. The criminal groups described vary in size and degree of structure; they include syndicates, triads, gangs, and ad hoc combinations of organization members and non-members. Because of this variety, an increasing tendency toward ad hoc activity, and the lack of specificity in many open sources, the term "group" is used when a criminal activity is not attributed to a specific type of organization. The report's sources are several recent monographs, journal articles on various aspects of such crime in the geographical regions where it occurs, and Internet reports by journalists and law enforcement agencies. Some sources published prior to the time period covered by the report have been used to provide background and establish long-term trends.

  Library of Congress. Federal Research Division

  Curtis, Glenn E. (Glenn Eldon), 1946-; Hudson, Rex A.; Elan, Seth L.

  2003-04
• Advancing Freedom and Democracy Reports, May 2008

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  "The Advancing Freedom and Democracy Reports were released on May 23, 2008. Pursuant to Section 2121 of the ADVANCE Democracy Act of 2007 (P. L. 110-53), the Department of State has submitted the 'Advancing Freedom and Democracy Report 2008' to the Congress regarding U.S. efforts to promote democracy and human rights in nondemocratic countries and countries undergoing democratic transitions worldwide. The Department chose the 106 countries represented after taking into consideration the Act's definition of a 'non-democratic country or democratic transition country' and the requirement that the Department take into account the views of nongovernmental organizations."

  United States. Department of State

  2008-05-23
• Falling Through the Cracks: The Challenges of Prevention and Identification in Child Trafficking and Private Rehoming, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Children and Families of the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, United States Senate, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, Second Session on Examining the Challenges of Prevention and Identification in Child Trafficking and Private Re-homing, July 8, 2014

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  This is the July 8, 2014 hearing on "Challenges of Prevention and Identification in Child Trafficking and Private Rehoming," held before the Senate Subcommittee on Children and Families of the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. From the opening statement of Kay Hagan: "As we will see, one of the reasons for this is the lack of education and training for our educators, who many times are on the front line and see these children; our healthcare providers, who see these children as they present for a number of reasons; and our social workers. However, with appropriate guidance, these dedicated professionals can play a critical role, both by helping to prevent these practices and by offering potentially lifesaving assistance to those children who need it the most." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Joo Yeun Chang, Abigail English, Jenee Littrell, and Megan Twohey.

  United States. Government Publishing Office

  2017
• Congressional-Executive Commission on China: Annual Report 2006, One Hundred Ninth Congress, Second Session, September 20, 2006

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  "The Commission is deeply concerned that some Chinese government policies designed to address growing social unrest and bolster Communist Party authority are resulting in a period of declining human rights for China's citizens. The Commission identified limited improvements in the Chinese government's human rights practices in 2004, but backward-stepping government decisions in 2005 and 2006 are leading the Commission to reevaluate the Chinese leadership's commitment to additional human rights improvements in the near term. In its 2005 Annual Report, the Commission highlighted increased government restrictions on Chinese citizens who worship in state-controlled venues or write for state-controlled publications. These restrictions remain in place, and in some cases, the government has strengthened their enforcement. The Communist Party's concern with growing social unrest dominated its policy statements over the past year, and served as justification for increased government interference with, and intimidation and harassment of, individuals and groups that the Party believes may threaten its authority or legitimacy. The government targeted social, political, and legal activists, as well as religious believers who violated strict government limitations on religious practice. In the past year, government efforts to maintain social stability have led to a greater reliance on the coercive powers of the police to subdue potential threats to Party rule. Chinese officials have also taken additional steps in the past year to curb the growth of China's emerging civil society. New government and Party controls have been imposed on courts and judges that may further weaken the independence of the Chinese judiciary. Moreover, the Chinese government continues to use its regulatory control over the Internet and print publishing to censor political and religious expression, to imprison journalists and writers, and to prevent Chinese citizens from having access to independent news sources."

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2006
• Congressional-Executive Commission on China: Annual Report 2008, One Hundred Tenth Congress, First Session, October 31, 2008

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  "The findings of the Commission's 2008 Annual Report prompt us to consider not simply what the Chinese government and Communist Party may do in the months and years ahead, but what we must do differently in view of developments in China over the last year. We understand that China today is significantly changed from the China of several decades ago, and that the challenges facing its people and leaders are complex. As the United States engages China, it is also vital that our nation pursue the issues that are the charge of this Commission: individual human rights, including worker rights, and the safeguards of the rule of law. As China plays an increasingly significant role in the international community, this report describes how China repeatedly has failed to abide by its commitments to internationally recognized standards. Therefore it is vital that there be continuing assessment of China's commitments. This is not a matter of one country meddling in the affairs of another. Other nations, including ours, have both the responsibility and a legitimate interest in ensuring compliance with international commitments. It is in this context, as Chairman and Co-Chairman of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China, that we submit the Commission's 2008 Annual Report. This year the international community watched with dismay as Chinese authorities responded with overwhelming force to a wave of public protests that spread across Tibetan areas of China. Amidst the astonishment with which people around the world more recently witnessed the spectacular opening ceremonies of the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympic Games and China's effective management of the Games, Chinese authorities failed to fulfill several Olympicsrelated commitments--including commitments to press freedom, media access, the free flow of information, and freedom of assembly. The Chinese government's and Communist Party's continuing crackdown on China's ethnic minority citizens, ongoing manipulation of the media, and heightened repression of rights defenders reveal a level of state control over society that is incompatible with the development of the rule of law. The cases of well over a thousand of the political and religious prisoners languishing in jails and prisons in China today are documented by the Commission's publicly accessible Political Prisoner Database."

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2008
• Human and Drug Trafficking: Actions Needed to Address Gaps in Federal Data to Counter Illicit Activities, Statement of Gretta L. Goodwin, Director, Homeland Security and Justice, Testimony Before the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, House of Representatives

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  From the Highlights: "Congress and federal agencies need data of sufficient quality to help ensure vulnerable populations are appropriately identified and supported. For example, virtual currencies are increasingly used in various legitimate transactions, but can also facilitate illicit activities, including human and drug trafficking. Further, AI/AN [American Indian and Alaska Native] women in the U.S. experience higher rates of violence than most other women, and tribal and federal officials have stated that this incidence of violence constitutes a crisis. Federal officials and tribal stakeholders have raised concerns about challenges with cross-jurisdictional cooperation and a lack of comprehensive national data on cases. This statement discusses GAO's [Government Accountability Office] prior work on (1) the extent to which the number of missing or murdered AI/AN women in the U.S. is known; and (2) what is known about the use of virtual currency for human and drug trafficking and the extent to which U.S. agencies collect data on these topics."

  United States. Government Accountability Office

  Goodwin, Gretta L.

  2022-02-08
• International Narcotics Control Strategy Report Volume II: Money Laundering and Financial Crimes [March 2008]

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  "This year's Volume II of the INCSR on Money Laundering highlights continuing threats and vulnerabilities posed by money laundering and terrorist financing to U.S. national security and to the stability of the global financial system. The 2008 Volume II also reflects the current and latest trends used by criminals and terrorists to launder, move, and store the fruits of their illicit activities. Some of these methodologies include: the continuing use of banks and money service businesses as gateways to the global financial system; bulk cash smuggling; trade-based money laundering and value transfer; legal entities such off-shore financial centers and international business centers; casinos and 'virtual' casinos; and new payment methods sometimes also identified as 'e-money.' Twenty-five years ago, the Department of State was mandated by Congress to examine the challenges and threats from narcotics-related money laundering. Although it is sometimes difficult to obtain data on money laundering systems and trends, via reporting reflected in this edition from our worldwide diplomatic posts and the domestic law enforcement and regulatory communities, we are able to glean increasingly greater insights. We can say with certainty that the use of offshore financial centers, casinos, and the Internet is demonstrably growing at alarming rates. Virtual money laundering is a reality and at this time is immune to traditional money laundering countermeasures. If ignored, 'virtual' money laundering will pose a threat to our financial sector. In the following section, we expand on one facet of the virtual threat: 'mobile payments.'"

  United States. Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs

  2008-03
• Women in a Changing China, Roundtable Before the Congressional-Executive Commission on China, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, Second Session, March 8, 2010

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  This is the March 8, 2010 roundtable "Women in a Changing China" held before the Congressional-Executive Commission on China. From the opening statement of Douglas Grob: "The topic of today's roundtable is women's issues in China, a fitting focus for today, International Women's Day. China ratified the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women in 1980, and 30 years later we are holding this roundtable today in part to ask, what has been the impact of this commitment, and what progress has been made, both at the central level and local levels in China, toward greater protection of women's rights. We hope to attain a deeper understanding today of what specific challenges remain." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Rangita de Silva de Alwis, Katherine Zhao, and Mark Lagon.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2010