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Dominican Republic: Political and Economic Conditions and Relations with the United States [Updated April 17, 2007]
From the Summary: "President Leonel Fernández of the Dominican Liberation Party (PLD), who served as president previously (1996-2000), took office on August 16, 2004. President Fernández has presided over a period of rapid economic growth (an estimated 10% in 2006), enjoys continued popular support, and has a majority in both legislative chambers. He has restored investor confidence in the Dominican economy and enacted some fiscal reforms, but struggled to resolve the country's ongoing problems with corruption and electricity shortages. Fernández seeks to maintain close ties with the United States and to improve relations with neighboring Haiti. His government has been criticized, however, for its mistreatment of undocumented Haitian migrants and Dominicans of Haitian descent. Fernández will seek re-election in May 2008 but is likely to face tough competition from within his own party and from several opposition candidates. Also, on March 1, 2007, the Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) entered into force in the Dominican Republic after a series of delays. This CRS [Congressional Research Service] report will be updated."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Seelke, Clare Ribando
2007-04-17
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Navy Role in Global War on Terrorism (GWOT) -- Background and Issues for Congress [Updated April 16, 2007]
From the Summary: "The Navy for several years has carried out a variety of activities related to what the Administration refers to as the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT). The Navy's role in the GWOT raises several potential oversight issues for Congress. This report will be updated as events warrant."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2007-04-16
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Disrupting Threat Finances: Utilization of Financial Information to Disrupt Terrorist Organizations in the Twenty-First Century
"This monograph focuses on the ways the U.S. Government can effectively fight terrorist organizations beyond simply trying to deny terrorist access to financing. Specifically, the U.S. Government can use financial information as the 'string' that leads to all aspects of terrorist operations. By disrupting access to financial resources and, more importantly, following its trail, the U.S. Government through coordinated intelligence, investigations, prosecutions, sanctions, and diplomacy within the Interagency, private sector, allies, and partner nations, can enhance U.S. security, disrupt terrorist operations and mitigate terrorist effects on U.S. strategic interests."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Anderson, Wesley J.L.
2007-04-11
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Peacekeeping and Conflict Transitions: Background and Congressional Action on Civilian Capabilities [Updated April 11, 2007]
" The State Department's Office of the Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabilization (S/CRS) was established to address longstanding concerns, both within Congress and the broader foreign policy community, over the perceived lack of the appropriate capabilities and processes to deal with transitions from conflict to stability. These capabilities and procedures include adequate planning mechanisms for stabilization and reconstruction operations, efficient interagency coordination structures and procedures in carrying out such tasks, and appropriate civilian personnel for many of the non-military tasks required. Effectively distributing resources among the various executive branch actors, maintaining clear lines of authority and jurisdiction, and balancing short- and long-term objectives are major challenges for designing, planning, and conducting post-conflict operations, as is fielding the appropriate civilian personnel. President Bush referred to the latter in his January 23, 2007 State of the Union address, calling for Congress to work with the Administration "to design and establish a volunteer Civilian Reserve Corps." Established in July 2004, S/CRS has worked to establish the basic concepts, mechanisms, and capabilities necessary to carry out such operations. Working with a staff of about 73 individuals from the State Department, other executive branch agencies, and on contract as of early January 2007, S/CRS has taken steps to monitor and plan for potential conflicts, to develop the first phase of a rapid-response crisis management capability, to improve interagency and international coordination, to develop interagency training exercises, and to help State Department regional bureaus develop concepts and proposals for preventive action."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Serafino, Nina M.; Weiss, Martin A.
2007-04-11
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Foreign Operations (House)/State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs (Senate): FY2007 Appropriations [Updated April 11, 2007]
From the Summary: "The annual Foreign Operations appropriations bill in the House, and the State, Foreign Operations measure in the Senate are the primary legislative vehicles through which Congress reviews the U.S. international affairs budgets and influences executive branch foreign policy making generally. They contain the largest shares -- the House bill, about two-thirds; the Senate bill, about 97% -- of total U.S. international affairs spending. Due to subcommittee structural differences between the House and Senate in the 109th Congress, the House Appropriations Committee considered the Foreign Operations request separate from the State Department budget, with the latter falling under the jurisdiction of the Science, State, Justice, and Commerce (SSJC) Subcommittee. The Senate Appropriations Committee, however, combined Foreign Operations and State Department funding requests. Funding for Foreign Operations and State Department/Broadcasting programs has been rising for six consecutive years, and amounts approved in FY2004 reached an unprecedented level compared with the past 40 years. Emergency supplementals enacted since the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks to assist the front line states in the war on terrorism, Afghanistan and Iraq reconstruction, and for State Department operations and security upgrades have pushed spending upward. […] On February 14, Congress completed work on the Foreign Operations Appropriations bill and the Science, State, Justice, and Commerce Appropriations bill as part of the FY2007 Continuing Resolution (H.J.Res. 20/ P.L. 109-289 as amended by P.L. 110-5). The bill provided $32.6 billion in international affairs spending, of which $9.56 billion was for State Department Operations, diplomacy and broadcasting, and $23.0 billion for foreign assistance programs. This is the final update of this report."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Veillette, Connie; Epstein, Susan B.; Nowels, Larry Q.
2007-04-11
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Supporting Human Rights and Democracy: The U.S. Record, 2006
"This report documents the many ways the United States worked in 2006 to foster respect for human rights and promote democracy worldwide. Defending human dignity and supporting the growth of effective democracies across the globe is a long term effort, and it requires strong partnerships with other governments, nongovernmental organizations, and the private sector. There will be setbacks, and progress may at times come slowly, but we and our partners will persevere -for it is right and wise to invest in the dreams of men and women of every culture and color, every background and belief, who yearn to secure the blessings of liberty for themselves, for their children, and for the futures of their countries."
United States. Department of State
2007-04-05
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Central Asia: Regional Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests [Updated April 5, 2007]
From the Summary: "After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the United States recognized the independence of all the former Central Asian republics, supported their admission into Western organizations, and elicited Turkish support to counter Iranian influence in the region. Congress was at the forefront in urging the formation of coherent U.S. policies for aiding these and other Eurasian states of the former Soviet Union. Soon after the terrorist attacks on America on September 11, 2001, all the Central Asian states offered overflight and other support to coalition anti-terrorist efforts in Afghanistan. Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan hosted coalition troops and provided access to airbases. In 2003, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan also endorsed coalition military action in Iraq, and Kazakhstan provided about two dozen troops for rebuilding. U.S. policy has emphasized bolstering the security of the Central Asian 'front-line' states to help them combat terrorism, proliferation, and arms trafficking. Other strategic U.S. objectives have included promoting free markets, democratization, human rights, and energy development. The Administration also has encouraged the states to become what it considers to be responsible members of the international community rather than to carry out xenophobic, extremist, and anti-Western policies that threaten international peace and stability."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Nichol, James P.
2007-04-05
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Joint Force Quarterly: 2d Quarter 2007, Issue 45 [April 2007]
"NDU Press produces Joint Force Quarterly in concert with ongoing education and research at National Defense University in support of the Secretary of Defense and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. JFQ is the Chairman's joint military and security studies journal designed to inform and educate national security professionals on joint and integrated operations; whole of government contributions to national security policy and strategy; homeland security; and developments in training and joint military education to better equip America's military and security apparatus to meet tomorrow's challenges while protecting freedom today."
National Defense University Press
2007-04
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FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin: April 2007
This issue of the FBI bulletin contains articles regarding avenues for airport security practitioners to receive and use information and intelligence, opportunities for police officers to teach in the college classroom, and investigating human trafficking.
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
2007-04
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DHS' Progress in Addressing Coordination Challenges between Customs and Border Protection and Immigration and Customs Enforcement
"DHS has made significant progress toward improving coordination and interoperability between CBP [Customs and Border Protection] and ICE [Immigration and Customs Enforcement]. DHS made organizational changes within the department, including creating the Offices of Policy, Operations Coordination, and Intelligence and Analysis. Senior officials of CBP and ICE created the ICE-CBP Coordination Council to provide a forum to address CBP and ICE policy and operational coordination issues. In addition, the department established the Secure Border Initiative (SBI) and Border Enforcement Task Forces. However, additional work is necessary. Most notably, CBP and ICE can address the remaining challenges by placing increased emphasis on (1) improving communication between CBP and ICE headquarters elements and all levels of field personnel; (2) improving intelligence and information sharing; (3) strengthening performance measures; and, (4) addressing ongoing relational issues among some elements of the two components."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of Inspector General
2007-04
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International Organizations: Assistance Programs Constrained in Burma, Report to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives
"Burma is one of the world's most impoverished and isolated countries. The United Nations (UN) and other international organizations have become important sources of outside assistance to the country. In recent years, UN entities have increased their funding for activities aimed at addressing Burma's problems. However, Burma's military regime has imposed restrictions on international organizations' activities in Burma. GAO (1) identified principal efforts of the United Nations and other international organizations to address Burma's problems and (2) described the impact of the regime's recent actions on these efforts. We reviewed UN, U.S., and Burmese official documents and interviewed UN, U.S., Burmese, and nongovernmental organization officials in the United States and Burma. We also visited UN project sites in Burma."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2007-04
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Trans-Sahara Counterterrorism Initiative: Balance of Power?
"Current U.S. counterterrorism endeavors in support of the national security strategy include programs on every continent of the globe. Complementary interagency initiatives enable the United States to exercise all instruments of national power to influence strategic objectives. As Africa has become more important to the world economy, solutions to Africa's economic, political, and health challenges have increasingly been sought in concert with the world community, based on a mutual and growing desire for regional stability in Africa. Several U.S.-sponsored counterterrorism programs in Africa provide bilateral and multinational training opportunities with an array of nations spanning the continent. One such program, the Trans-Sahara Counterterrorism Initiative (TSCTI), was created in 2005 as a 5-year, $500 million endeavor with 9 nations in Western Africa: Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, Senegal, Mauritania, Niger, Mali, Nigeria, and Chad. Touted as a program that is as much a non-military development assistance initiative as it is a military-to-military training initiative, the Trans-Sahara Counterterrorism Initiative seems to complement the diplomatic, economic, law enforcement, and informational programs concurrently being administered by the United States in Africa, but is the balance of (national) power right?"
Army War College (U.S.)
Choate, Mary Jo
2007-03-30
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Hybrid War: A New Paradigm for Stability Operations in Failing States
From the thesis abstract: "Department of Defense (DoD) Directive 3000.05 identified stability, security, transition, and reconstruction (SSTR) as core missions for future US military operations. This policy envisions military operations in a variety of complex pre- and post-conflict environments. It commands military planners to expand their arsenal of resources for achieving this mission to include elements of economic, social, and political, as well as military, power. Thus, future strategic military plans will necessarily assume a kind of hybrid nature, embracing a spectrum of elements of national power. Historically, projection of the diplomatic, informational, and economic elements of national power and development of the programs that sustain them has been the jurisdiction of the interagency, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and international organizations (IOs). However, where a hostile environment precludes deployment of civilians to implement such, the DoD becomes the only viable agency likely to succeed in the task. This paper develops a strategic concept for use by the US military in its future stability and security missions in pre-conflict environments. Further, this concept is adaptable for use in a variety of unstable environments. Finally, this strategic concept is designed to coordinate and transition to more traditional civilian programs as soon as the security environment permits."
Army War College (U.S.)
Bond, Margaret S.
2007-03-30
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Transforming Armed Forces to National Guard Units in Latin America
From the thesis abstract: "Today's complex world includes new challenges for our armed forces. Transnational threats require that Latin American security forces transform in order to meet these challenges. They must be capable of managing internal security challenges and national defense threats such as terrorism, organized crime, narcotrafficking, illegal migration, and natural disasters. Our political leaders must recognize that the Armed Forces need to transform to address these complex challenges and provide the resources required for such a transformation. Civil authority leadership and civil-military integration and cooperation are paramount. Latin American countries cannot support military forces poised for conventional warfare in the Western Hemisphere. This paper will examine factors concerning the current threats in Latin America and the organizational reformation that needs to occur to address these security challenges. These factors affect the antiquated armed forces organizations still used in Latin America which result in insufficient budgets, low incentives for military service, sub-standard equipment and low maintenance capabilities. Lastly, this paper will offer recommendations which may lead to changes in cultural behavior and organizational reform. The goal of these recommendations is to transform Latin American security forces into National Guard-type units, with a focus on internal security and humanitarian assistance."
Army War College (U.S.)
De la Rosa, Braulio J.
2007-03-30
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Zimbabwe: Current Issues and U.S. Policy [Updated March 29, 2007]
"President Mugabe has enjoyed considerable popularity in Africa as a former liberation leader. However, some African leaders have come to see his conduct as damaging to Africa and are urging democratic reforms. South Africa has pursued "quiet diplomacy" aimed at resolving the problems in Zimbabwe through dialogue between the government and opposition, but many view this policy as ineffective. Following controversial elections in 2000 and citing abuses of human rights and the rule of law, the United States and other former allies of the Mugabe government have become vocal critics. The U.S. Secretary of State has labeled Zimbabwe an "outpost of tyranny," and the United States has enforced targeted sanctions against top Zimbabwe officials and associates since 2002. This report has been revised to describe recent developments and reactions from the international community, including those of the United States. This report will be updated as events warrant."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Blanchard, Lauren Ploch
2007-03-29
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National Strategy to Address U.S./Mexican Border Security Issues
"This research project identifies the threat to the United States and proposes a national strategy to address the ease with which illegal migrants are entering the United States along the Mexican border. A comprehensive strategy for employing all elements of national power is necessary. The objectives of the proposed strategy are to significantly reduce the number of migrants attempting to cross the border illegally and decrease the amount of drugs trafficked throughout the region. The concepts for accomplishing these objectives are to pursue legislation and policies that would reduce the number of illegal immigrants in the United States through attrition, fully support DHS in its Secure Border Initiatives and expand USNORTHCOM's TSCP to engage with Mexico by leading a unified effort of all elements of national power to address the root causes of the problem. The resources needed to accomplish the objectives are the will of the government to raise the priority of this issue by putting it on the national agenda and the funding and personnel necessary to execute the concept. DHS must continue to lead the country's internal security efforts and to improve its border protection posture. USNORTHCOM must work with the State Department to expand its TSCP with Mexico and broaden its mission set to address threats to American security beyond its borders."
Army War College (U.S.)
Sturgeon, Melissa A.
2007-03-29
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H.R. 1 (Implementing the 9/11 Commission Recommendations Act of 2007) and S. 4 (Improving America's Security Act of 2007): A Comparative Analysis [March 29, 2007]
From the Summary: "This comparative analysis of H.R. 1 (Implementing the 9/11Commission Recommendations Act of 2007) and S. 4 (Improving America's Security Act of 2007) is an assessment of major similarities and differences between the two bills as passed by the House (January 9, 2007) and Senate (March 13, 2007) and under conference consideration. References to the two bills are to engrossed versions. The presentation is organized to follow the basic construct of the House bill because its coverage remained more stable through the legislative process and as the analyses began. Titles unique to S. 4 follow the Titles of H.R. 1. CRS [Congressional Research Service] experts are available to follow up on any additional needs, including clarification of content or of legislative references; each section of the analysis includes contact information for the analyst or attorney who prepared it. CRS also provides online access to research products that directly address a number of issues that are the focus of or are raised by H.R. 1 and S. 4. These products are available under the CRS homepage heading 'Terrorism and Homeland Security' (see [http://www.crs.gov])."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Bruner, Edward F.
2007-03-29
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United States Border Security and Reserve Component Forces
"The 2002 National Homeland Security Strategy cited border and transportation security as one of the six critical mission areas for securing America from terrorist attacks. The Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) was abolished in March 2003, and all its immigration-related functions were transferred into the Bureau of Customs and Border Protection (CBP) under the newly created Department of Homeland Security (DHS). This Strategic Research Project examines the history of border security, strategic implications of the new mission, practices, and policies of the CBP. Further, it analyzes the international border security agreements between Canada, Mexico, and the United States, and reviews the use of Reserve Components in Joint Task Force North and Operation Jumpstart. Finally, it discusses the volunteer Minuteman Civil Defense Corps and concludes with recommendations for improving border security."
Army War College (U.S.)
Smith, Jeffrey A.
2007-03-15
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Peacekeeping and Conflict Transitions: Background and Congressional Action on Civilian Capabilities [Updated March 15, 2007]
"The State Department's Office of the Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabilization (S/CRS) was established to address longstanding concerns, both within Congress and the broader foreign policy community, over the perceived lack of the appropriate capabilities and processes to deal with transitions from conflict to stability. These capabilities and procedures include adequate planning mechanisms for stabilization and reconstruction operations, efficient interagency coordination structures and procedures in carrying out such tasks, and appropriate civilian personnel for many of the non-military tasks required. Effectively distributing resources among the various executive branch actors, maintaining clear lines of authority and jurisdiction, and balancing short- and long-term objectives are major challenges for designing, planning, and conducting post-conflict operations, as is fielding the appropriate civilian personnel. President Bush referred to the latter in his January 23, 2007 State of the Union address, calling for Congress to work with the Administration 'to design and establish a volunteer Civilian Reserve Corps.' […] The issues for the 110th Congress include whether to increase funding for S/CRS and provide a permanent authorization and whether to authorize and fund new mechanisms that would 'operationalize' the State Department. As in the original and subsequent iterations of the Lugar-Biden legislation, these mechanisms consist of (1) a discretionary Conflict Response Fund and (2) a readiness response corps that would include an active force of federal employees, a standby force of active duty and retired federal employees, and a large civilian reserve corps of individuals with the specialized skills necessary for stabilization and reconstruction, analogous to the military reserve, as mentioned in the President's 2007 State of the Union address. The State Department is expected to present a proposal for such a corps to Congress in early 2007."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Serafino, Nina M.; Weiss, Martin A.
2007-03-15
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Zimbabwe: Current Issues and U.S. Policy [Updated March 13, 2007]
"President Mugabe has enjoyed considerable popularity in Africa as a former liberation leader. However, some African leaders have come to see his conduct as damaging to Africa and are urging democratic reforms. South Africa has pursued "quiet diplomacy" aimed at resolving the problems in Zimbabwe through dialogue between the government and opposition, but many view this policy as ineffective. Following controversial elections in 2000 and citing abuses of human rights and the rule of law, the United States and other former allies of the Mugabe government have become vocal critics. The U.S. Secretary of State has labeled Zimbabwe an "outpost of tyranny," and the United States has enforced targeted sanctions against top Zimbabwe officials and associates since 2002. This report has been revised to describe recent developments and reactions from the international community, including those of the United States. This report will be updated as events warrant."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Blanchard, Lauren Ploch
2007-03-13
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Venezuela: Political Conditions and U.S. Policy [Updated March 12, 2007]
"The United States provided $5.9 million to Venezuela in FY2006, including $2.2 million under the Andean Counterdrug Initiative and $3.7 million in Transition Initiatives funding. For FY2007, the Administration requested $1 million in ACI funding, $1.5 million in ESF for democracy initiatives, and $45,000 for International Military Education and Training (IMET). For FY2008, the Administration requested $3 million in Development Assistance and $50,000 for IMET. As over the past several years, the 110th Congress will likely focus on oversight hearings on conditions in Venezuela, energy security, and the overall status of bilateral relations and U.S. policy, with legislative initiatives likely focusing on funding for U.S. democracy and anti-drug initiatives in Venezuela, the human rights situation, and energy security. To date in the 110th Congress, two resolutions have been introduced on the human rights situation in Venezuela: H.Con.Res. 50 (Fortuño) and H.Con.Res. 77 (Weller). Another bill, S. 193 (Lugar), the Energy Diplomacy and Security Act of 2007, would increase hemispheric cooperation on energy issues."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sullivan, Mark P.; Olhero, Nelson
2007-03-12
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Kazakhstan: Recent Developments and U.S. Interests [March 7, 2007]
"Kazakhstan is an important power in Central Asia by virtue of its geographic location, large territory, ample natural resources, and economic growth, but it faces ethnic, political, and other challenges to stability. This report discusses U.S. policy and assistance. Basic facts and biographical data are provided. This report may be updated. Related products include CRS [Congressional Research Service] Report RL33458, 'Central Asia: Regional Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests.'"
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Nichol, James P.
2007-03-07
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Visa and Passport Security Strategic Plan
"Department of State's vision to create a more secure, democratic, and prosperous world for the benefit of the American people and the international community. To meet the challenge of safely advancing and protecting American interests and foreign policy, the Bureau of Diplomatic Security's global law enforcement mission protects the U.S. Secretary of State; secures American diplomatic missions and personnel; and upholds the integrity of U.S. visa and passport travel documents."
United States. Department of State
2007-03-02
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Report to the Congress: U.S. Policy and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe
"This report, submitted pursuant to Section 5 of the 'Act to Establish a Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe,' 22 U.S.C. 3005 (1976), as amended by Section 226 of the 'Foreign Relations Authorization Act for FY 2003' (P.L. 107-228), discusses overall U.S. policy objectives that are advanced through the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). This report reviews OSCE activities and initiatives in 2006, including by OSCE institutions such as the Office of Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) and in the OSCE field missions. This report covers the period from January 1 to December 31, 2006, and looks forward into 2007, presenting U.S. priorities for the OSCE for the coming year."
United States. Department of State. Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs
2007-03-01
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International Narcotics Control Strategy Report, Volume II: Money Laundering and Financial Crimes [March 2007]
"In attempting to evaluate whether countries and certain entities are meeting the goals and objectives of the 1988 UN Drug Convention, the Department has used the best information it has available. The 2007 INCSR covers countries that range from major drug producing and drug-transit countries, where drug control is a critical element of national policy, to small countries or entities where drug issues or the capacity to deal with them are minimal. In addition to identifying countries as major sources of precursor chemicals used in the production of illicit narcotics, the INCSR is mandated to identify major money laundering countries (FAA §489(a)(3)(C)). The INCSR is also required to report findings on each country's adoption of laws and regulations to prevent narcotics-related money laundering (FAA §489(a)(7)(C)). This report is that section of the INCSR that reports on money laundering and financial crimes. A major money laundering country is defined by statute as one 'whose financial institutions engage in currency transactions involving significant amounts of proceeds from international narcotics trafficking' (FAA § 481(e)(7)). However, the complex nature of money laundering transactions today makes it difficult in many cases to distinguish the proceeds of narcotics trafficking from the proceeds of other serious crime. Moreover, financial institutions engaging in transactions involving significant amounts of proceeds of other serious crime are vulnerable to narcotics-related money laundering. This year's list of major money laundering countries recognizes this relationship by including all countries and other jurisdictions, whose financial institutions engage in transactions involving significant amounts of proceeds from all serious crime."
United States. Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs
2007-03-01
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International Narcotics Control Strategy Report, Volume I: Drug and Chemical Control [March 2007]
The Department of State's International Narcotics Control Strategy Report (INCSR) has been prepared in accordance with section 489 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended (the 'FAA,' 22 U.S.C. § 2291). The 2007 INCSR, published in March 2007, covers the year January 1 to December 31, 2006 and is published in two volumes, the second of which covers money laundering and financial crimes. It is the 24th annual report prepared pursuant to the FAA. The INCSR addresses the reporting requirements of section 489 of the FAA (as well as sections 481(d)(2) and 484(c) of the FAA and section 804 of the Narcotics Control Trade Act of 1974, as amended. Section 706 of the FRAA requires that the President submit an annual report no later than September 15 identifying each country determined by the President to be a major drug-transit country or major illicit drug producing country. The President is also required in that report to identify any country on the majors list that has 'failed demonstrably . . . to make substantial efforts' during the previous 12 months to adhere to international counternarcotics agreements and to take certain counternarcotics measures set forth in U.S. law. U.S. assistance under the current foreign operations appropriations act may not be provided to any country designated as having 'failed demonstrably' unless the President determines that the provision of such assistance is vital to the U.S. national interests or that the country, at any time after the President's initial report to Congress, has made 'substantial efforts' to comply with the counternarcotics conditions in the legislation. This prohibition does not affect humanitarian, counternarcotics, and certain other types of assistance that are authorized to be provided notwithstanding any other provision of law."
United States. Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs
2007-03-01
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Requirements and Information Metadata System
"This thesis proposes an adoption of a data schema called RIMS (Requirements and Information Metadata System) developed as a pilot project in the Pittsburgh Field Office of the FBI and sets out to determine if RIMS could be an effective and efficient method to capture, catalogue and retrieve intelligence information within the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). RIMS would enhance the search platform used by FBI analysts and investigators who gather or data mine existing information in furtherance of the FBI's priorities. The use of this coding system can be adapted for use by other U.S. intelligence and law enforcement communities for commonality and uniformity in retrieval, cataloguing, and collecting of intelligence information. The use of this system can be manipulated into a non-classified code for use by state, local, and tribal law enforcement and intelligence entities. Finally, the use of the coding system within the intelligence community will consolidate and integrate information and intelligence and reduce delays in detecting and retrieving pertinent intelligence obtained and shared within the intelligence community."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Beckman, Erin M.
2007-03
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Transforming Leadership in the FBI: A Recommendation for Strategic Change
From the thesis abstract: "The FBI has entered a critical point in its history. The new normalcy of the post-9/11 world has created seemingly insurmountable challenges that highlight the need to further examine the FBI's policies, practices, and procedures used to identify, select, professionally develop, evaluate and place leaders in its Special Agent ranks. The FBI must identify its most capable leaders, set conditions for their success, and systematically place them in positions that will maximize their impact on the future of the organization. This research examines drivers and impediments that have led to the current methodologies used by the FBI to select and place its Special Agent leaders. It also reviews the current mechanisms for training and developing FBI Special Agent mid-level and executive managers and explores an alternative strategy to identify, select, professionally develop, evaluate and place ensuing generations of FBI Special Agent leaders. Finally, this research recommends specific courses of action and a new strategic framework, moving from a system of individual career management to a system of organizational career development or a leadership pipeline, to transform the FBI's Special Agent leaders into standard setters within the larger intelligence and law enforcement communities they serve."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Schwein, Richard D., Jr.
2007-03
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U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement: Dysfunctional Not By Design
"Critical to the success of the homeland security mission is a robust Department of Homeland Security, Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). During a speech made while signing the Homeland Security Appropriations Act for 2006, President George W. Bush stressed that in order to defend the United States from terrorists and criminals, the borders and interior of the country must be secured and immigration laws enforced. Unique to the authority found in ICE is the responsibility to carry out this mission. ICE can only accomplish this mission as an integrated and focused agency. However, evidence exists that ICE, which was created by the merger of the Immigration and Naturalization Service and the Customs Service, has not integrated legacy workforces to produce an efficient and unified organization. The evidence suggests that a failed merger plan has left ICE with a segregated workforce that is dysfunctional in executing an enforcement strategy utilizing the blended workforce. This thesis examines and assesses the result of the merger and seeks to identify the causes of inefficiency in the current organization. The thesis recommends a course of action that will mitigate the issues present and help ICE to become an efficient and focused agency."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security; Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Wrona, Philip
2007-03
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Foreign Assistance: Enhanced Coordination and Better Methods to Assess the Results of U.S. International Basic Education Efforts are Needed
"Pub. L. No. 109-102, section 567, mandated that GAO analyze U.S. international basic education efforts overseas. In this report, GAO (1) describes U.S. agencies' basic education activities and how the agencies plan them; (2) examines U.S. coordination of basic education efforts among U.S. agencies, and with host governments and international donors; and (3) examines how U.S. agencies assess the results of their basic education programs. In conducting this work, GAO obtained and analyzed relevant agencies' documents and met with U.S. and foreign government officials and nongovernmental organizations, traveling to selected recipient countries. GAO recommends that the Secretary of State work with the heads of other U.S. executive agencies in (1) improving interagency coordination of basic education efforts at headquarters in Washington and in recipient countries and (2) developing a plan to better assess the results of basic education programs, especially those programs aimed at increasing educational quality. We received written comments from State, USAID, and USDA indicating that they generally concurred with our recommendations. We also received technical comments, which we incorporated where appropriate."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2007-03
