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HSI Human Trafficking and Victim Assistance Programs: Fiscal Year 2017 Report to Congress
"ICE's [Immigration and Customs Enforcement] Homeland Security Investigations (HSI) conducts more than 1,000 human trafficking investigations annually. Many case referrals come from working in local task forces and from nongovernmental organizations (NGO) providing community and victim services. Specialized HSI victim assistance personnel provide victims with emergency assistance and referrals to NGOs that provide short-term and long-term direct services. The HSI Victim Assistance Program currently comprises a headquarters unit, 27 victim assistance specialists (VAS), and 6 forensic interview specialists (FIS) to assist victims in HSI investigations conducted by 6,400 HSI special agents worldwide. With an estimated current budget of $8 million, VASs referred 2,289 victims to NGOs and faith-based organizations, including 379 human trafficking victims from October 1, 2016, through August 28, 2017. FISs received 657 requests and conducted 462 forensic interviews during the same period. The Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2017 proposes to expand the existing HSI Victim Assistance Program, increasing the number of HSI victim assistance personnel to an effort commensurate with the victim assistance efforts of the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Executive Office for United States Attorneys. The creation of an HSI Office of Victim Assistance would ensure that all HSI human trafficking investigations would have benefit of the HSI victim assistance effort by locating a VAS where there is a human trafficking and/or child exploitation task force in which HSI participates and an FIS in each of the 26 HSI special agent-in-charge offices nationwide. The legislation specifically states that the newly created office also would 'collaborate with other federal, state, local and tribal governmental, nongovernmental, and nonprofit entities regarding policy, outreach, and training activities.'"
United States. Department of Homeland Security; U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
2017-12-06
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Executive Order 13903: Combating Human Trafficking and Online Child Exploitation in the United States
From the Document: "Human trafficking is a form of modern slavery. Throughout the United States and around the world, human trafficking tears apart communities, fuels criminal activity, and threatens the national security of the United States. It is estimated that millions of individuals are trafficked around the world each year--including into and within the United States. As the United States continues to lead the global fight against human trafficking, we must remain relentless in resolving to eradicate it in our cities, suburbs, rural communities, tribal lands, and on our transportation networks. Human trafficking in the United States takes many forms and can involve exploitation of both adults and children for labor and sex."
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Trump, Donald, 1946-
2020-01-31
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Training Related to Combating Human Trafficking in Selected Countries
From the Introduction: "This report, prepared by foreign law specialists, analysts, and consultants of the Law Library of Congress, describes the programs of eighteen countries and the European Union involving combating human trafficking, with a special focus on the training of personnel. Each survey provides a brief introduction to the jurisdiction's legal framework on human trafficking, describes the roles and responsibilities of particular government agencies in enforcing laws against human trafficking, and provides a description of training programs or initiatives that are conducted by and provided to government personnel."
Library of Congress; Law Library of Congress (U.S.)
Ahmad, Tariq; Acosta, Luis M.; Rodriguez-Ferrand, Graciela . . .
2016-02
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Finding Victims of Human Trafficking
"This study responds to a congressional mandate to (1) identify victims and potential victims of domestic trafficking; (2) determine whether victims have been identified as such by law enforcement; and (3) explore differences between sex trafficking and unlawful commercial sex. It examines human trafficking experiences among a random sample of 60 counties across the United States. Study findings emphasize both confusion about how human trafficking is defined and a general lack of awareness of the issue. In states with anti-trafficking statutes, 44 percent of law enforcement respondents and 50 percent of prosecutors report that their states do not have or they are not aware of having anti-trafficking legislation. In general, law enforcement, prosecutors, and service providers respondents could not: (1) differentiate between severe and non severe forms of human trafficking; (2) distinguish trafficking from smuggling; (3) differentiate domestic and international trafficking; (4) identify types of trafficking (sexual and labor), or (5) state the elements of trafficking. Until these ambiguities are removed (e.g., what is not "severe" trafficking), it will be difficult to inform the public and key stakeholders about what to look for and how to address it."
National Institute of Justice (U.S.)
2008-09
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Combating Human Trafficking in the Transportation Sector
From the Executive Summary: "Human trafficking is a form of modern day slavery that involves the use of force, fraud, or coercion to obtain labor or a commercial sex act; and the commercial sexual exploitation of children under any circumstances. Globally, it is estimated that as many as 24.9 million men, women, and children are exploited in various forms of contemporary slave-like practices. Human trafficking flourishes as a business as a result of the lucrative profits it generates--approximately $150 billion annually worldwide. The pervasiveness and profitability of human trafficking raises daunting challenges for the transportation industry, as the use of transportation and transportation networks figures prominently in human trafficking enterprises within the United States and internationally. Traffickers often rely on the transportation industry in every phase of human trafficking: for recruitment, moving and controlling victims, and for delivering victims to buyers who will complete their exploitation through either commercial sex or forced labor ventures. The limited transportation-related human trafficking data available in the U.S. confirms that victims are being trafficked by airplanes, buses, subways, trains, taxis, rideshares, cruise ships, and private vehicles."
United States. Department of Transportation
2019-07
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Business of Security: Applying an Economic Model to Human Trafficking in Oregon
From the thesis abstract: "Human trafficking is the second-largest criminal industry in the world and has become the fastest-growing crime today, according to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Many policies have attempted to reduce human trafficking through under-resourced initiatives and social services. This thesis explores whether applying an economic supply and demand model to human trafficking at the state level would reduce the prevalence of human trafficking. Using an economic supply and demand model, the research evaluates current literature and existing national and state policies within Oregon, analyzing weaknesses and gaps. The thesis presents policy analysis under a qualitative cost-benefit lens to assess economic model variables applied to state level policies. The conclusion is that existing anti-human trafficking policies in Oregon are lacking in instilling risks and costs associated with conducting the criminal behavior. Supply and demand actors in human trafficking are operating relatively unhindered in Oregon, which has led to a growth of the problem in the state. Thus, a three-pronged approach built around an applied economic supply and demand model is recommended to help reduce human trafficking in Oregon: reduce costs to victims, increase costs to suppliers, and increase costs to buyers."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Vo, Thanh N.
2016-12
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Human Trafficking: 'Faces of Human Trafficking' Video Series [webpage]
From the Website: "OVC [Office for Victims of Crime] encourages local organizations to use these resources throughout the year at public awareness, education, and training events to promote and advance the cause of justice for victims of crime. [...] The series is intended to be used for outreach and education efforts of service providers, law enforcement, prosecutors, and others in the community. The series includes information about sex and labor trafficking, multidisciplinary approaches to serving victims of human trafficking, effective victim services, victims' legal needs, and voices of survivors."
United States. Office of Justice Programs. Office for Victims of Crime
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Human Trafficking: Agencies Have Taken Steps to Assess Prevalence, Address Victim Issues, and Avoid Grant Duplication, Report to Congressional Committees.
"Human trafficking--the exploitation of a person typically through force, fraud, or coercion for such purposes as forced labor, involuntary servitude or commercial sex--is occurring in the United States. Congress has passed multiple laws to help ensure punishment of traffickers and protection of victims. DOJ [Department of Justice] and the Department of Homeland Security lead federal investigations and prosecutions of trafficking crimes. The Departments of Defense, Labor, and State, and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission investigate trafficking related offenses under certain circumstances, and take further action, as appropriate. DOJ and HHS [Health and Human
Services] award grants to fund victim service programs. The Justice for Victims of Trafficking Act of 2015 includes a provision for GAO [Government Accountability Office] to review law enforcement efforts and grant programs to combat human trafficking and assist victims in the United States. This report discusses (1) federal efforts to assess prevalence of human trafficking (2) challenges agencies face in investigating and prosecuting human trafficking cases, and 3) federal grants and steps taken to prevent duplication. GAO reviewed trafficking data and agency documents, and conducted 32 interviews with federal, state and local law enforcement officials and prosecutors in four jurisdictions. We selected these jurisdictions based on the number of human trafficking tips they received, receipt of human trafficking task force funding and geographic variation. These officials' perspectives cannot be generalized to all jurisdictions but they provide insights into anti-trafficking efforts"
United States. Government Accountability Office
2016-06
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Combating Human Trafficking: Evolution of State Legislation and the Policies of the United Kingdom and France
From the thesis abstract: "Human trafficking is a transnational issue that violates human rights and is increasingly associated with organized crime. Since the turn of the century and the passing of the United Nations Palermo Convention Protocols, combating human trafficking has required a coordinated and cooperative effort between local, regional, state, and international institutions. By studying the evolution of legislation and polices of the United Kingdom and France, a more detailed look is presented on how their efforts have positively contributed to the combat of human trafficking. Ultimately, their efforts have combined two approaches: 1) Human rights based approach that reflects the protection of victims and the human rights issues involved with human trafficking. 2) An approach that reflects the criminal nature of human trafficking and its association with organized crime. The convergence of these two approaches to combat human trafficking is also represented in the multitude of European security institutions and the role that both the United Kingdom and France have played in those institutions."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Daffron, Joshua W.
2011-12
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Coordination, Collaboration, Capacity: Federal Strategic Action Plan on Services for Victims of Human Trafficking in the United States 2013-2017
From the document's Executive Summary: "This Plan details a series of coordinated actions to strengthen the reach and effectiveness of services provided to all victims of human trafficking, regardless of the victims' race, color, national origin, disability, religion, age, gender, immigration status, sexual orientation, or the type of trafficking they endured. The purpose of this Plan is to describe the steps that federal agencies will take to ensure that all victims of human trafficking in the United States are identified and have access to the services they need to recover. This includes steps to create a victim services network that is comprehensive, trauma-informed, and responsive to the needs of all victims. While prevention and prosecution activities fall outside the scope of this document, the Administration recognizes that addressing human trafficking through prevention, exploring and implementing demand reduction strategies, and using prosecution to hold offenders accountable are critical elements in the U.S. Government's comprehensive approach to combating all forms of human trafficking. The Plan focuses on providing and coordinating support for victims and it aligns with all other efforts of the Federal Government to eliminate human trafficking and prevent further victimization, particularly as outlined in the 'Attorney General's Annual Report to Congress and Assessment of U.S. Government Activities to Combat Trafficking in Persons.' […] Finally, the quality of the services, not merely the quantity, must be addressed to ensure that victims are supported throughout their long-term journey as survivors." The Plan includes introductory letters by President Barack Obama and Planning Co-Chairs Eric H. Holder, Jr. (Attorney General), Kathleen Sebelius (Secretary of Health and Human Services), and Jeh Charles Johnson (Secretary of Homeland Security).
United States. Department of Justice; United States. Department of Health and Human Services; United States. Department of Homeland Security . . .
2014-01
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Foreign-Born Human Trafficking--A Dark Spectre Haunting America: An Examination of the Sex and Labor Trafficking Landscape
From the thesis Abstract: "This research examined how the inclusion of human trafficking as a crime subject to state mandatory reporting requirements would enhance local and state law enforcement efforts to identify, document, and investigate the crimes of foreign-born human trafficking. This thesis documented the impact of state mandatory reporting laws on police responses to domestic violence and child abuse crimes through an examination of relevant legislation and statutes, scholarly works, data collection frameworks, case studies, and statistical findings. It subsequently found that state-level mandatory reporting laws related to domestic violence and child abuse enhanced law enforcement's ability to identify such crimes through improved data collection and analysis. Based on these findings, the incorporation of trafficking crimes into states' existing mandatory reporting frameworks will likely improve law enforcement efforts to create comprehensive data collection and sharing platforms necessary for evidence-based policy development and evaluation of anti-human trafficking strategies. However, amending mandatory reporting laws should be held in abeyance until such time that due consideration can be given to ethical concerns and the potential victim impact of such changes."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Haunsperger, Natasha B.
2020-12
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Human Trafficking and U.S. Government Responses Post-9/11
From the thesis abstract: "The thesis examines the effectiveness of U.S. government anti-human trafficking efforts in the post- 9/11 environment. The body of human trafficking literature has revealed four common themes: human agency, labor rights, the sex industry, and crime control. The thesis examines five federal departments that were selected based on their relative experience, expertise, and operational mandates. Open source statistical data and other information gleaned from documents, articles, and reports determine how each department's efforts to combat human trafficking correlate to the four main human trafficking themes. The thesis has illuminated that through experience and initiative, the applicable federal departments properly identify and balance the external and internal aspects of human trafficking. The current state of federal efforts to combat human trafficking are encouraging, as they provide sufficient remedies to trafficking victims who are marginalized, disenfranchised, or subjugated, and provide some trafficking disincentives. These efforts are steps toward the global paradigm shift required to eliminate the exploitation of vulnerable populations and individuals."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
DeCeoursty, Kevin D.
2016-09
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United States Attorneys' Bulletin: Human Trafficking, Volume 65 Number 6, November 2017
This edition of the United States Attorneys' Bulletin covers Human Trafficking. The following articles are included: "Human Trafficking: The Fundamentals"; "The Civil Rights Division's Human Trafficking Prosecution Unit (HTPU) and the Criminal Division's Child Exploitation and Obscenity Section (CEOS): An Overview"; "Proactive Case Identification Strategies and the Challenges of Initiating Labor Trafficking Cases"; "Domestic Child Sex Trafficking and Children Missing from Care"; "The Survivor-Centered, Trauma-Informed Approach"; "Chapter 77 and Beyond: Charging Strategies in Human Trafficking Cases"; "Whoever Knowingly Advertises: Considerations in Prosecuting Sex Trafficking"; "Federal Rule of Evidence 412: Admissibility of Prior and Subsequent Prostitution Evidence in Sex Trafficking Prosecutions"; "Follow the Money: Financial Crimes and Forfeiture in Human Trafficking Prosecutions"; "Mandatory Restitution: Complying with the Trafficking Victims Protection Act"; "Understanding and Applying the Sentencing Guidelines for Trafficking and Related Convictions"; "Evidence Considerations in Proving Sex Trafficking Cases without a Testifying Victim"; "Human Trafficking and Organized Crime: Combating Trafficking Perpetrated by Gangs, Enterprises, and Criminal Organizations"; "Criminal Conduct of Victims: Policy Considerations"; "Combatting Trafficking of Native Americans and Alaska Natives"; "Forced Labor in Supply Chains: Addressing Challenges"; and "Prosecuting Sex Trafficking Cases Using a Drug-Based Theory of Coercion."
Executive Office for U.S. Attorneys
2017-11
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National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking
From the Document: "This 'National Action Plan' represents our unwavering commitment to fighting human trafficking. It is built around the 'three pillars' laid out in the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (TVPA) -- Prevention, Protection, and Prosecution -- and lays out specific action items we are taking underneath each pillar. The 'National Action Plan' also emphasizes collaboration, cutting across all sectors, to make our efforts as effective as possible. Through this whole-of-government approach, the United States will use every tool at its disposal to combat human trafficking and build on existing momentum."
United States. White House Office
2020-10-19
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S. Hrg. 115-282: Force Multipliers: How Transportation and Supply Chain Stakeholders Are Combatting Human Trafficking, Hearing Before the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, First Session, July 12, 2017
This is the July 12, 2017 hearing on "Force Multipliers: How Transportation and Supply Chain Stakeholders Are Combatting Human Trafficking," held before the United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. From the opening statement of John Thune: "Human trafficking is a heinous crime that often hides in plain sight. The coercion that traffickers use to manipulate victims is not just happening overseas; it occurs right here in the United States. As the National Human Trafficking Hotline details, cases of human trafficking are annually reported in each of the 50 states and Washington, D.C. It is estimated that human trafficking is a $150 billion industry globally. Our hearing today will explore the role of transportation providers, who are fighting the growth of trafficking in the United States, and their ongoing efforts to reduce forced labor in the global economy. Our witnesses have been asked to testify about the challenges and successful strategies in combatting this horrible crime." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Keeli Sorensen, Esther Goetsch, Samir Goswami, and Tomas J. Lares.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2018
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Coordination, Collaboration, Capacity: Federal Strategic Action Plan on Services for Victims of Human Trafficking in the United States 2013-2017; Phase 1: Initial Framework
"The Coordination, Collaboration, Capacity: Federal Strategic Action Plan on Services for Victims of Human Trafficking in the United States, 2013-2017 (the Plan) embraces these principles and builds on the progress that our Nation has made in combating human trafficking and modern-day forms of slavery through government action, as well as partnerships with civil society and concerned citizens. […] This Plan details a series of coordinated actions to strengthen the reach and effectiveness of services provided to all victims of human trafficking, regardless of the victims' race, color, national origin, disability, religion, age, gender, immigration status, sexual orientation, or the type of trafficking they endured. Implementation of the Plan will create a more coordinated victim services network where identified victims of human trafficking have access to the full array of services needed for recovery. The Plan was informed by the Federal Government's ongoing engagement with nongovernment stakeholders, including a listening session held at the White House on December 10, 2012, and hosted by the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). While this Plan focuses on providing and coordinating support for victims, it aligns with all other efforts of the Federal Government to eliminate human trafficking and prevent further victimization, particularly the Federal Government activities outlined in the Attorney General's Annual Report to Congress and Assessment of U.S. Government Activities to Combat Trafficking in Persons. Federal agencies have a range of anti-human trafficking responsibilities that complement the victim services addressed in this Plan, and include criminal enforcement, labor enforcement, public awareness, education, international development and programs, immigration, intelligence, and diplomacy."
United States. Administration for Children and Families
2013-04
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S. Hrg. 115-328: The GAO Reports on Human Trafficking of Native Americans in the United States, Hearing Before the Committee on Indian Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, First Session, September 27, 2017
This is the September 27, 2017 hearing on "The GAO [Government Accountability Office] Reports on Human Trafficking of Native Americans in the United States," held before the United States Senate Committee on Indian Affairs. From the opening statement of John Hoeven: "Today, the Committee will hold an oversight hearing on The GAO Reports on Human Trafficking of Native Americans in the United States. Previously, the Committee held a listening session on this important issue in 2014. Now it is time for a more in-depth examination. Human trafficking is a truly despicable activity aimed at exploiting vulnerable people, usually women and girls. It has been defined as the exploitation of a person typically through force, fraud or coercion for purposes involving forced labor, involuntary servitude or commercial sex. The victims affected by poverty, abuse and other crimes may not have anywhere to turn and become easy targets." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Gretta L. Goodwin, Nicole Mattews, Cindy McCain, Jason Thompson, and Tracy Toulou.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2018
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Human Trafficking: Action Needed to Identify the Number of Native American Victims Receiving Federally-funded Services, Report to Congressional Requesters
"Human trafficking--the exploitation of a person typically through force, fraud, or coercion for such purposes as forced labor, involuntary servitude or commercial sex --is occurring in the United States. Traffickers seek out persons perceived to be vulnerable. Native Americans (i. e., American Indians or Alaska Natives) are considered to be a vulnerable population. DOJ [Department of Justice], DHS [Department of Homeland Security], and the Department of the Interior investigate human trafficking crimes. Primarily, DOJ and HHS [Health and Human Services] provide grants to fund victim services. GAO [Government Accountability Office] was asked to examine Native American human trafficking. This report focuses on federal efforts to address human trafficking, including the extent to which (1) agencies collect and maintain data on investigations and prosecutions of human trafficking in Indian country or of Native Americans regardless of location and (2) federal grant programs are available to help address such trafficking, and how many Native American trafficking victims have received assistance through these programs. GAO reviewed human trafficking investigation and prosecution data from fiscal years 2013 to 2016; reviewed solicitations for human trafficking- related grant programs; and interviewed grant program officials."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2017-03
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Serial No. 113-57: Combating Human Trafficking in Our Major Cities, Field Hearing Before the Committee on Homeland Security, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, Second Session, March 20, 2014
This is the March 20, 2014 hearing on "Combating Human Trafficking in Our Major Cities," held before the U.S. House Committee on Homeland Security. From the opening statement of Chairman McCaul: "The committee is meeting today to examine our Nation's efforts to combat human trafficking. […] In this city and many other cities across the United States, women and children, some not even in their teens, are held against their will and forced into prostitution rings. […] [M]any are American citizens. They live in difficult conditions. Some are abandoned or homeless or runaways, and they trust the first person who offers them a way out. Often this person is a trafficker, a person that is an expert on detecting vulnerability and a master at exploitation. Human trafficking is emerging in epidemic proportions throughout the United States and the world. While victims might not be physically imprisoned, they are trapped in deplorable conditions through force, fraud, or coercion that can make escape seem impossible." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following:Brian M. Moskowitz, Steven C. McCraw, Adrian Garcia, Ann Johnson, and Charles A. McClelland, Jr.
United States. Government Printing Office
2014
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Solving an Epidemic: Addressing Human Trafficking Around Major Events Like the Super Bowl and the Need for Cross-Jurisdictional Solutions, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Legislative and Budget Process of the Committee on Rules, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, First Session, December 11, 2019
This is the December 11, 2019 hearing titled "Solving an Epidemic: Addressing Human Trafficking Around Major Events Like the Super Bowl and the Need for Cross-Jurisdictional Solutions," held before the House Subcommittee on Legislative and Budget Process of the Committee on Rules. From the opening statement of Donna E. Shalala: "We are here today, first and foremost, to learn. With the help of this expert panel, we will learn about the issue of human trafficking. Human trafficking is a worldwide issue, with millions of men, women, and children forced into labor, the sex trade, drug smuggling, and other forms of exploitation. Large sporting events that draw huge audiences of out-of-town visitors often serve as magnets for human trafficking, fueling a multibillion dollar criminal industry. As this vile industry grows, municipalities, counties, States and countries around the world have expanded their efforts to combat human trafficking by focusing on these events." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Jean Bruggeman, Katherine Fernandez Rundle, JoNell Potter, Bill Woolf, and Bob Rodgers.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2020
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Security Implications of Human-Trafficking Networks
From the thesis abstract: "Globalization has provided many people around the world with increased prospects where they had been severely restricted from enhancing their economic plight in the past. Unfortunately, organized crime groups have used these new opportunities for personal gain by trafficking other humans. Although human trafficking is not a new phenomenon, globalization has increased competition and has intensified the demand for cheaper goods and services worldwide. Consequently, in the modern era of globalization and with the possibility for increased profits, it seems likely that human trafficking will continue to grow as a part of human existence. The United States must recognize any connections between the operations of human-trafficking networks and terrorist groups and the potential implications these networks can have on the security of the nation. This study looks at the connections that exist between human-trafficking networks and terrorist organizations in Kosovo. An analysis of the connections between the trafficking networks and terrorist groups in this area attempts to bring to light the need for further research of the connections between these types of operations and highlights the need to maintain both national security and human security in the United States."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Stencavage, Darla L.
2007-06-15
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Law Enforcement Response to Human Trafficking and the Implications for Victims: Current Practices and Lessons Learned
"The National Institute of Justice awarded a grant to Caliber, an ICF International Company to conduct an exploratory study to examine the understanding of human trafficking among law enforcement agencies currently working on the issue, provide an overview of how law enforcement agencies are responding to trafficking, and highlight the implications of this response for trafficking victims. This study incorporated a multi-phased design for data collection: telephone surveys and key stakeholder interviews, legal case reviews, and discussion forums. The information from the telephone surveys, key stakeholder interviews, case reviews, and discussion forums was analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative statistical techniques."
National Criminal Justice Reference Service (U.S.)
2006-10
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Serial No. 115-76: Hidden in Plain Sight: Understanding Federal Efforts to Stop Human Trafficking, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Border and Maritime Security of the Committee on Homeland Security, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, Second Session, September 26, 2018
This is the September 26, 2018 hearing on "Hidden in Plain Sight: Understanding Federal Efforts to Stop Human Trafficking" held before the House Subcommittee on Border and Maritime Security. From the opening statement of Martha McSally: "Human trafficking is a multi-billion-dollar industry, it enslaves approximately 25 million men, women, and children world-wide, through sexual exploitation, domestic servitude, and forced labor. [...] We all need to wake up because human trafficking is happening right here in our back yards and the victims of the tragic crimes are often hidden in plain sight. I call this hearing to shine a light on the heinous crime of human trafficking and highlight the work being done by our Federal agencies who partner with State, local, and Tribal governments, and law enforcement agencies to eradicate human trafficking from our streets, our local businesses, and our neighborhoods." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: John H. Hill, Steven W. Cagen, John Gore, and Michelle Demmert.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2019
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Human Trafficking: Information on Cases in Indian Country or that Involved Native Americans, Report to Congressional Requesters
"Human trafficking--the exploitation of a person typically through force, fraud, or coercion for such purposes as forced labor, involuntary servitude or commercial sex--is occurring in the United States and involves vulnerable populations. Native Americans are considered a vulnerable population because of high rates of poverty and abuse, and other factors. GAO [Government Accountability Office] was asked to research human trafficking taking place in Indian country and trafficking of Native American persons regardless of where they are located in the United States. This report addresses (1) the extent to which tribal and major city LEAs [Law Enforcement Agencies] have encountered human trafficking in Indian country or of Native Americans, (2) factors affecting the ability of LEAs to identify and investigate this specific human trafficking, and (3) availability of services to Native American victims of human trafficking. GAO conducted surveys of all known tribal LEAs (203) as identified by the Bureau of Indian Affairs; 86 major city LEAs; and 315 victim service provider organizations that received fiscal year 2015 Department of Justice or Department of Health and Human Services grants that could be used to assist human trafficking victims. Survey response rates for tribal LEAs, major city LEAs, and victim service providers were 65 percent, 71 percent, and 51 percent, respectively. The web-based surveys were deployed in September 2016 and asked about human trafficking investigations initiated or services provided from 2014 to 2016. GAO is not making recommendations in this report."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2017-07
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Introduction to Human Trafficking in the United States [Fact Sheet]
From the Document: "Human trafficking, also known as trafficking in persons or modern-day slavery, is a crime that involves the exploitation of a person for the purpose of compelled labor or a commercial sex act. While the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) has long enforced criminal laws against involuntary servitude and slavery, the enactment of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) of 2000 brought new benefits, services, and criminal penalties to address human trafficking in a more comprehensive and effective way."
United States. Office of Justice Programs. Office for Victims of Crime
2015-12
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Human Trafficking in Southeast Asia: Causes And Policy Implications
"This thesis examines human trafficking within Southeast Asia to identify the similarities and differences between the causes of labor and sex trafficking. The thesis also analyzes how three case study countries have tailored their antitrafficking policies to causes present in their country. The causes examined are divided into two distinct categories, universal and specific. The universal causes studied are large-scale social issues affecting the majority of countries, such as poverty and globalization. Specific causes are those that are limited to the Southeast Asian region or the individual case study country. The three countries selected are Cambodia, Indonesia, and Thailand due to the unique trafficking profile of each. The thesis finds that each of the three governments has not addressed all of the causes that lead to human trafficking in their country. The policies of each country tend to be universally focused and do not account for the unique circumstances present in the country. As a result, anti-trafficking policies are not as successful at reducing human trafficking. Countries must create policies that directly address its unique combination of causes, universal and specific, to effectively combat the challenging issue of human trafficking."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Betz, Diana
2009-06
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Human Trafficking: The Hidden Aftermath of U.S. Natural Disasters
"This thesis explores common factors associated with both victims of human trafficking and vulnerable populations in post-natural-disaster environments. This research aimed to prove post-natural-disasters can lead to human trafficking crimes. The research identified social, economic, and human security factors that are present in both human trafficking and natural disaster environments. Volatility in these categories destabilizes and disrupts multiple aspects of a community, consequently leading to individuals being more susceptible to trafficking. The findings of this research also indicate that the identified factors have universal applicability regardless of disaster type, culture, or geographic location. Disaster survivors are not the only vulnerable population, but other populations, such as disaster workers, are also susceptible to trafficking. Gaining an in-depth perspective on the common vulnerabilities linking human trafficking and natural disasters can help officials develop strategies to assist with combating trafficking activities in a post-disaster environment and protect individuals who are in a compromised state after enduring a life-altering disaster event."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Eichelberger, Carrie B.
2020-03
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Human Trafficking in Texas: More Resources and Resolve Needed to Stem Surge of Modern Day Slavery: A Report of the Texas Advisory Committee to the United States Commission on Civil Rights
From the Letter of Transmittal from the Texas Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights "The Texas Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights submits this report, 'Human Trafficking in Texas-More Resources and Resolve Needed to Stem Surge in Modern Day Slavery', as part of its responsibility to examine and report on civil rights issues under the jurisdiction of the Commission. This report is the unanimous statement by all members of the Texas Committee and is approved by a vote of 13 yes and 0 no. Human trafficking is the cruel and vicious practice of transporting human beings for the purpose of labor or sex exploitation. At its core it is a violation of the fundamental civil rights of its victims. Women are the overwhelming victims of human trafficking, and victims generally come from impoverished circumstances with the majority being from indigenous populations or ethnic minorities. The trafficking of humans is a growing problem in this country, and Texas-as one of the largest border states in the United States-is considered a major destination and transit state for human trafficking. Human trafficking is a high-profit and relatively low-risk business with ample supply and growing demand. Every year, it is estimated that one million to two million persons world-wide are victims of human trafficking. In 2010, for the first time, the United States was ranked in the State Department's annual 'Trafficking in Persons Report' that documents human trafficking and modem slavery. The report found that in America, men, women, and children were subject to trafficking for 'forced labor, debt bondage, and forced prostitution.' Tragically, despite the shocking statistics and the inherent brutality of human trafficking, it is a crime that still has not captured the attention of the public nor made it to the top of political agendas. Few cases ever make it to the courts, and in a cruel irony it is often the victim rather than the perpetrator who is prosecuted for an illegal activity. There continues to be limited resources for law enforcement, and few resources devoted to rehabilitating its victims."
United States Commission on Civil Rights
2011-08
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Tackling Human Trafficking: Assessing Federal, State, and Local Information-Sharing Efforts, Field Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Intelligence and Counterterrorism of the Committee on Homeland Security, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, First Session, October 28, 2019
This is the October 28, 2019 Field Hearing titled "Tackling Human Trafficking: Assessing Federal, State, and Local Information-Sharing Efforts" before the House Subcommittee on Intelligence and Counterterrorism of the Committee on Homeland Security. From the opening statement of Mark Walker: "Trafficking occurs in every State across the country. The vast majority relate to sex trafficking and the victims in women or girls. Sadly, human trafficking is one of the fastest-growing crimes in the United States. Our major highway system, our agriculture economy, and a growing number of criminal gangs have increased the prevalence of human trafficking within North Carolina. […] This bill, the Human Trafficking Detection Act of 2015, works to train and inform DHS personnel to do better in detecting and intersecting human traffickers as well as their victims specific to their professional roles as well as the making and the training curricula available to all State, local, and private-sector partners." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Christine S. Long, Ronnie A. Martinez, Carl L. Wall, II, and Aundrea Azelton.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2020
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Building Effective Collaborations to Address Human Trafficking [Fact Sheet]
From the Document: "It is impossible for any single agency or organization to respond comprehensively to all of the elements of human trafficking. Traffickers range from opportunistic individuals to sophisticated criminal organizations with multijurisdictional scope. The resulting victimization is extreme and involves diverse populations with a host of needs. Responses to human trafficking are most effective, coordinated, and efficient when they are multidisciplinary and collaborative in their problem solving."
United States. Office of Justice Programs. Office for Victims of Crime
2015-12
