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Legal Authorities Under the Controlled Substances Act to Combat the Opioid Crisis [April 16, 2018]
"According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the annual number of drug overdose deaths involving prescription opioids (such as hydrocodone, oxycodone, and methadone) and illicit opioids (such as heroin and non-pharmaceutical fentanyl) has more than quadrupled since 1999. A November 2017 report issued by the President's Commission on Combating Drug Addiction and the Opioid Crisis also observed that '[t]he crisis in opioid overdose deaths has reached epidemic proportions in the United States ... and currently exceeds all other drug-related deaths or traffic fatalities.' How the current opioid epidemic happened, and who may be responsible for fueling it, are complicated questions, though reports suggest that several parties likely played contributing roles, including pharmaceutical manufacturers and distributors, doctors, health insurance companies, rogue pharmacies, and drug dealers and addicts. Many federal departments and agencies are involved in efforts to combat opioid abuse and addiction, including a law enforcement agency within the U.S. Department of Justice, the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), which is the focus of this report."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Yeh, Brian T.
2018-04-16
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Navy DDG-51 and DDG-1000 Destroyer Programs: Background and Issues for Congress [April 16, 2018]
"This report presents background information and potential oversight issues for Congress on the Navy's Arleigh Burke (DDG-51) and Zumwalt (DDG-1000) class destroyer programs. The Navy procured DDG-51s from FY1985 through FY2005, and resumed procuring them in FY2010. The three DDG-51s requested for procurement in FY2019 are to be the 80th, 81st, and 82nd ships in the class. The Navy procured three DDG-1000s in FY2007-FY2009 and plans no further procurement of DDG-1000s. The 13 DDG-51s planned for procurement in FY2018-FY2022 are to be procured under a multiyear procurement (MYP) contract that Congress approved as part of its action on the Navy's FY2018 budget. DDG-51s procured in FY2017 and subsequent years are being built to a new design (the Flight III DDG-51 design), which incorporates a new and more capable radar called the Air and Missile Defense Radar (AMDR) or SPY-6 radar."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2018-04-16
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FEMA Daily Operations Briefings, April 15 - 21, 2018
This document is a compilation of all the FEMA Daily Operations Briefings from April 15 - 21, 2018. The FEMA Daily Operations Briefing provides an overview of the current emergency management situation nationwide and includes a summary of current significant events, weather activity, recent emergency declarations and projections for the coming week.
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
2018-04-15?
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Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, April 13, 2018
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This issue of MMWR contains the following: "Current Marijuana Use by Industry and Occupation -- Colorado, 2014-2015"; "Acute Metam Sodium Poisoning Caused by Occupational Exposure at a Flower Farm -- Uganda, October 2016"; "Surveillance to Track Progress Toward Polio Eradication -- Worldwide, 2016-2017"; "Updated CDC Recommendations for Using Artemether-Lumefantrine for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Malaria in Pregnant Women in the United States"; "Erratum: Vol. 66, No. 29"; and "QuickStats: Age-Adjusted Suicide Rates, by Race/Ethnicity -- National Vital Statistics System, United States, 2015-2016."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2018-04-13
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Coast Guard Acquisitions: Status of Coast Guard's Heavy Polar Icebreaker Acquisition
"Since 1965, U.S. Coast Guard has been responsible for providing polar icebreaking capability for the United States. The Coast Guard has two active polar icebreakers, including one heavy polar icebreaker that is nearing the end of its expected service life. To maintain its polar icebreaking capability, the Coast Guard is seeking to acquire three new heavy polar icebreakers. The Coast Guard established the heavy polar icebreaker acquisition program in 2012 and anticipates delivery of the lead ship in 2023. In 2016, the Coast Guard established an integrated program office with the Navy to leverage the Navy's shipbuilding expertise for acquiring the icebreakers.1 The Coast Guard, as a component within the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), is generally required to follow DHS's acquisition policies."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2018-04-13
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U.S. Special Operations Forces (SOF): Background and Issues for Congress [April 13, 2018]
"Special Operations Forces (SOF) play a significant role in U.S. military operations and, in recent years, have been given greater responsibility for planning and conducting worldwide counterterrorism operations. U.S. Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) has about 70,000 Active Duty, National Guard, and reserve personnel from all four services and Department of Defense (DOD) civilians assigned to its headquarters, its four Service component commands, and eight sub-unified commands. In 2013, based on a request from USSOCOM (with the concurrence of Geographic and Functional Combatant Commanders and the Military Service Chiefs and Secretaries), the Secretary of Defense assigned command of the Theater Special Operations Commands (TSOCs) to USSOCOM. USSOCOM now has the responsibility to organize, train, and equip TSOCs. While USSOCOM is now responsible for the organizing, training, and equipping of TSOCs, the Geographic Combatant Commands will continue to have operational control over the TSOCs. Because the TSOCs are now classified as sub-unified commands, the Services are responsible to provide non-SOF support to the TSOCs in the same manner in which they provide support to the Geographic Combatant Command headquarters."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Feickert, Andrew
2018-04-13
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Multilateral Development Banks: U.S. Contributions FY2000-FY2019 [April 13, 2018]
"This report shows in tabular form how much the Administration requested and how much Congress appropriated for U.S. payments to the multilateral development banks (MDBs) since 2000. Multilateral development banks provide financial assistance to developing countries in order to promote economic and social development. The United States belongs to several multilateral development banks, including the World Bank and four regional development banks (the African Development Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development). It also belongs to the North American Development Bank, which is a binational (U.S.-Mexico) development bank; the International Fund for Agricultural Development, which focuses on poverty and hunger in developing countries; and several trust funds administered by the World Bank, which focus on specific global issues, such as food security and the environment."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Nelson, Rebecca M.
2018-04-13
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Navy LPD-17 Flight II (LX[R]) Amphibious Ship Program: Background and Issues for Congress [April 13, 2018]
"This report provides background information and issues for Congress on the LPD-17 Flight II amphibious ship program, previously known as the LX(R) program. The Navy had planned to procure the first LPD-17 Flight II ship in FY2020. Congress, as part of its action on the Navy's proposed FY2018 budget, accelerated the procurement of the first LPD17 Flight II ship to FY2018. The Navy's FY2019 budget submission programs the procurement of the second LPD17 Flight II ship for FY2020. Decisions Congress makes on the LPD-17 FLIGHT II program will affect Navy capabilities and funding requirements, and the U.S. shipbuilding industrial base."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2018-04-13
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Regulatory Reform 10 Years After the Financial Crisis: Dodd-Frank and Securities Law [April 13, 2918]
"From 2007-2009, the United States experienced what many commentators believe was the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression. In the wake of the crisis, Congress passed the DoddFrank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank) in 2010. Title IX of DoddFrank, entitled 'Investor Protections and Improvements to the Regulation of Securities,' focuses on the powers and authorities of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and authorizes the SEC to promulgate certain rules intended to enhance corporate accountability and corporate governance. This report discusses recent developments with respect to two aspects of Title IX, including legislative proposals such as the Financial CHOICE Act of 2017 (H.R. 10, 115th Cong.) that would change or repeal aspects of Title IX."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Vanatko, Nicole
2018-04-13
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Offshore Oil and Gas Development: Legal Framework [April 13, 2018]
"The development of offshore oil, gas, and other mineral resources in the United States is impacted by a number of interrelated legal regimes, including international, federal, and state laws. International law provides a framework for establishing national ownership or control of offshore areas, and domestic federal law mirrors and supplements these standards. Governance of offshore minerals and regulation of development activities are bifurcated between state and federal law. Generally, states have primary authority in the area extending three geographical miles from their coasts. The federal government and its comprehensive regulatory regime govern minerals located under federal waters, which extend from the states' offshore boundaries to at least 200 nautical miles from the shore. The basis for most federal regulation is the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act (OCSLA), which provides a system for offshore oil and gas exploration, leasing, and ultimate development. Regulations run the gamut from health, safety, resource conservation, and environmental standards to requirements for production-based royalties and, in some cases, royalty relief and other development incentives."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Vann, Adam
2018-04-13
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Special Counsels, Independent Counsels, and Special Prosecutors: Legal Authority and Limitations on Independent Executive Investigations [April 13, 2018]
"The Constitution vests Congress with the legislative power, which includes authority to establish federal agencies and conduct oversight of those entities. Criminal investigations and prosecutions, however, are generally regarded as core executive functions assigned to the executive branch. Because of the potential conflicts of interest that may arise when the executive branch investigates itself, there have often been calls for criminal investigations by prosecutors with independence from the executive branch. In response, Congress and the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) have used both statutory and regulatory mechanisms to establish a process for such inquiries. These frameworks have aimed to balance the competing goals of independence and accountability with respect to inquiries of executive branch officials."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Cole, Jared P.; Brown, Cynthia
2018-04-13
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F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) Program [April 13, 2018]
"The F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF), also called the Lightning II, is a strike fighter airplane being procured in different versions for the Air Force, Marine Corps, and Navy. The F-35 program is DOD's largest weapon procurement program in terms of total estimated acquisition cost. Current Department of Defense (DOD) plans call for acquiring a total of 2,456 F-35s1 for the Air Force, Marine Corps, and Navy at an estimated total acquisition cost, as of December, 2017, of about $325.1 billion in constant (i.e., inflation-adjusted) FY2012 dollars.2 U.S. allies are expected to purchase hundreds of additional F-35s, and eight foreign nations are cost-sharing partners in the program. The Administration's proposed FY2019 defense budget requested about $10.7 billion in procurement funding for the F-35. This would fund the procurement of 48 F-35As for the Air Force, 20 F-35Bs for the Marine Corps, 9 F-35Cs for the Navy, and continuing development. The proposed budget also requested about $1.3 billion for F-35 research and development."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Gertler, Jeremiah
2018-04-13
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Regulatory Reform 10 Years After the Financial Crisis: Dodd-Frank and Securities Law [April 13, 2018]
"From 2007-2009, the United States experienced what many commentators believe was the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression. In the wake of the crisis, Congress passed the DoddFrank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank) in 2010. Title IX of DoddFrank, entitled 'Investor Protections and Improvements to the Regulation of Securities,' focuses on the powers and authorities of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and authorizes the SEC to promulgate certain rules intended to enhance corporate accountability and corporate governance. This report discusses recent developments with respect to two aspects of Title IX, including legislative proposals such as the Financial CHOICE Act of 2017 (H.R. 10, 115th Cong.) that would change or repeal aspects of Title IX."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Vanatko, Nicole
2018-04-13
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Annual Report on the Impact of the Homeland Security Act on Immigration Functions Transferred to the Department of Homeland Security
"Section 478 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002, Pub. L. No. 107-296, 116 Stat. 2135 (6 U.S.C. 298), requires that the Secretary of Homeland Security submit an annual report that identifies the impact of the transfer of immigration functions from the Department of Justice, Immigration and Naturalization Service to the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). This report addresses activities during Fiscal Year (FY) 2017."
U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
2018-04-13
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Millennium Challenge Corporation [April 12, 2018]
"The Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC), established in 2004, arose out of a widespread frustration with then-existing foreign aid programs and represented a significant change in the way the United States delivered economic assistance. The MCC is based on the premise that economic development succeeds best where it is linked to free market economic and democratic principles and policies, and where governments are committed to implementing reform measures in order to achieve such goals."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Tarnoff, Curt
2018-04-12
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Yemen: Civil War and Regional Intervention [April 12, 2018]
"This report provides information on the ongoing crisis in Yemen. Now in its fourth year, the war in Yemen shows no signs of abating and may be escalating. In recent weeks, the northern Yemeni armed militia and political movement known as the Houthis have launched several missile attacks into Saudi Arabia, while the Saudi-led coalition, a multinational grouping of armed forces primarily led by Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), has continued to conduct air strikes inside Yemen. Including combatants, the war in Yemen may have killed more than 10,000 Yemenis and has significantly damaged the country's infrastructure. As the war continues, the risk of it spreading beyond Yemeni territory appears to be growing."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sharp, Jeremy M.
2018-04-12
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Federal Election Commission: Membership and Policymaking Quorum, in Brief [April 12, 2018]
"The Federal Election Commission (FEC) is a six-member independent regulatory agency. Congress created the FEC in 1974, after controversial fundraising during 1960s presidential campaigns and the early 1970s Watergate scandal. The commission is responsible for administering federal campaign finance law and for civil enforcement of the Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA). The FEC also discloses campaign finance data to the public, conducts compliance training, and administers public financing for participating presidential campaigns. FECA establishes six-year terms for commission members. Commissioners may continue in 'holdover' status after those terms end. Commissioners are appointed by the President and are subject to Senate confirmation. FECA requires that at least four of the six commissioners vote to make decisions on substantive actions. This includes deciding on enforcement actions, advisory opinions, and rulemaking matters. Because FECA also requires bipartisan commission membership, achieving at least four agreeing votes is sometimes difficult, even with six members present. Vacancies make the task harder by reducing opportunities for a coalition of at least four votes."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Garrett, R. Sam, 1977-
2018-04-12
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Regulatory Reform 10 Years After the Financial Crisis: Systemic Risk Regulation of Non-Bank Financial Institutions [April 12, 2018]
"When large, interconnected financial institutions become distressed, policymakers have historically faced a choice between (1) a taxpayer-funded bailout, and (2) the destabilization of the financial system--a dilemma that commentators have labeled the 'too-big-to-fail' (TBTF) problem. The 2007-2009 financial crisis highlighted the significance of the TBTF problem. During the crisis, a number of large financial institutions experienced severe distress, and the federal government committed hundreds of billions of dollars in an effort to rescue the financial system. According to some commentators, the crisis underscored the inadequacy of existing prudential regulation of large financial institutions, and of the bankruptcy system for resolving the failure of such institutions."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sykes, Jay B.
2018-04-12
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Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act (S. 2155) and Selected Policy Issues [April 12, 2018]
"The Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act (S. 2155) was reported out by the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs on December 18, 2017. It was then passed by the Senate on March 14, 2018, following the inclusion of a manager's amendment that added a number of provisions to the bill as reported.1 S. 2155 is a broad proposal; its six titles would alter certain aspects of the regulation of banks, capital markets, mortgage lending, and credit reporting agencies. Many of the provisions can be categorized as providing regulatory relief to banks and certain companies accessing capital markets. Others are designed to relax mortgage lending rules and provide additional protections to consumers, including protections related to credit reporting, veterans' mortgage refinancing, and student loans."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Perkins, David W.; Getter, Darryl E.; Labonte, Marc; Shorter, Gary W.; Su, Eva; Weiss, N. Eric
2018-04-12
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 5192: Protecting Children from Identity Theft Act
"The Social Security Administration (SSA) operates the Consent Based Social Security Number Verification (CBSV) service, a fee-based program that allows financial institutions to verify that their records of a person's name, date of birth, and Social Security Number match SSA's data. SSA tells institutions only whether the data does or does not match; no other detail is provided. The fees are classified as offsetting collections that are credited against SSA's discretionary appropriations. H.R. 5192 would change the CBSV program by allowing people to electronically verify their consent to allow SSA to provide this information, rather than with a physical signature. CBO expects that change would expand the number of verification requests submitted to SSA."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2018-04-12
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 1512: Social Security Child Protection Act of 2018
"H.R. 1512 would require the Social Security Administration (SSA) to issue a new Social Security number to any child under the age of 14 whose card is stolen during transmission. Using information from SSA, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that because such incidents are rare, the costs of implementing the bill would be less than $500,000 each year; such spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2018-04-12
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EMR-ISAC: InfoGram, Volume 18 Issue 15, April 12, 2018
The Emergency Management and Response Information Sharing and Analysis Center's (EMR-ISAC) InfoGram is a weekly publication of information concerning the protection of critical infrastructures relevant to members of the Emergency Services Sector. This issue includes the following articles: "Surgeon General issues Advisory on opioid abuse, naloxone"; "Cybersecurity and the healthcare sector"; "FEMA seeking public comment on NIMS mutual aid, interoperability"; and "National Public Safety Telecommunicators Week".
Emergency Management and Response-Information Sharing and Analysis Center (U.S.)
2018-04-12
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Elections: Observations on Voting Equipment Use and Replacement, Report to Congressional Requesters
"Much of the voting equipment acquired with federal funds after the enactment of the Help America Vote Act in 2002 may now be reaching the end of its life span, and some states and local election jurisdictions--which number about 10,300 and generally have responsibility for conducting federal elections--have or are considering whether to replace their equipment. GAO (Government Accountability Office) was asked to examine voting equipment use and replacement. This report addresses (1) the types of voting equipment jurisdictions used for the 2016 general election and their perspectives on the equipment; (2) factors considered when deciding whether to replace equipment and replacement approaches in selected jurisdictions; and (3) stakeholder perspectives on how federal voting system guidelines affect replacing and developing equipment."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2018-04-11
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Class Action Lawsuits: A Legal Overview for the 115th Congress [April 11, 2018]
"This report serves as a primer on class action law and analyzes areas that have been the focus of congressional discussions concerning class actions. The report first discusses the broader public policy debate over class actions, including why class actions exist and what risks they pose to the American system of civil justice. The report then details what a plaintiff is required to show under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure in order to achieve class action 'certification'--that is, in order to pursue an action on behalf of an entire class. Throughout, the report addresses the ways in which the Supreme Court and lower federal courts have attempted to balance the benefits of class actions against their potential drawbacks."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lewis, Kevin M.; Freeman, Wilson C.
2018-04-11
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ATF's Ability to Regulate 'Bump Stocks' [April 11, 2018]
"Congressional interest in the legal framework for regulating 'bump stock' devices abounded after authorities discovered that the perpetrator of the October 2017 mass shooting in Las Vegas, Nevada, had attached to his semiautomatic firearms an accessory that allowed his rifles to effectively mimic the firing capabilities of a fully automatic weapon. (These firearm accessories are commonly called 'bump-fire,' 'slide-fire,' or 'bump-stock' devices, and more information on how they function can be found in this CRS Insight by William J. Krouse.) One pertinent question involves the degree to which the Department of Justice's Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) may regulate, and potentially proscribe, the sale and possession of such devices under existing law. The answer to this question largely depends on whether a bump-stock device reasonably can be construed as falling under the federal statutory definition of a 'machinegun.'"
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Peck, Sarah Herman
2018-04-11
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Salaries of Members of Congress: Congressional Votes, 1990-2018 [April 11, 2018]
"The automatic annual adjustment for Members of Congress is determined by a formula using a component of the Employment Cost Index (ECI), which measures rate of change in private sector pay. The adjustment automatically takes effect unless (1) Congress statutorily prohibits the adjustment; (2) Congress statutorily revises the adjustment; or (3) the annual base pay adjustment of General Schedule (GS) federal employees is established at a rate less than the scheduled increase for Members, in which case the percentage adjustment for Member pay is automatically lowered to match the percentage adjustment in GS base pay.2 Under the ECI formula, Members may not receive an annual pay adjustment greater than 5%. In the past, Member pay has been frozen statutorily in two ways: (1) directly, trough legislation that freezes salaries for Members but not other federal employees, and (2) indirectly, through broader pay freeze legislation that covers Members and other specified categories of federal employees. This adjustment formula was established by the Ethics Reform Act of 1989. Votes potentially related to the annual adjustments since the implementation of this act are contained in this report."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Brudnick, Ida A.
2018-04-11
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Salaries of Members of Congress: Recent Actions and Historical Tables [April 11, 2018]
"Congress is required by Article I, Section 6, of the Constitution to determine its own pay. In the past, Congress periodically enacted specific legislation to alter its pay; the last time this occurred affected pay in 1991. More recently, pay has been determined pursuant to laws establishing formulas for automatic adjustments. The Ethics Reform Act of 1989 established the current automatic annual adjustment formula, which is based on changes in private sector wages as measured by the Employment Cost Index (ECI). The adjustment is automatic unless denied statutorily, although the percentage may not exceed the percentage base pay increase for General Schedule (GS) employees. Member pay has since been frozen in two ways: (1) directly, through legislation that freezes salaries for Members but not for other federal employees, and (2) indirectly, through broader pay freeze legislation that covers Members and other specified categories of federal employees."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Brudnick, Ida A.
2018-04-11
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Latin America and the Caribbean: Fact Sheet on Leaders and Elections [April 11, 2018]
"This report provides the results of recent presidential elections in Latin America and the Caribbean. Below are three tables organized by region, including the date of each country's independence, the name of the newly elected president or prime minister, and the projected date of the next presidential election. Information in this report was gathered from numerous sources, including the U.S. State Department, Central Intelligence Agency's (CIA's) World Fact Book, International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES) Election Guide, Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), and other news sources."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
DeBruyne, Nese F.
2018-04-11
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Government Oversight: Failures in FEMA Contracting for Emergency Tarps & Sheeting During the 2017 Hurricane Season
"The federal government relies heavily on contractors to provide critical goods and services after disasters. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is responsible for the majority of this contracting activity. When hurricanes damage homeowners' roofs, FEMA provides emergency tarps and sheeting to provide temporary covering until permanent repairs can be made. These forms of temporary roof protection allow hurricane survivors to return to their homes, rather than remaining in temporary shelters or emergency housing programs. At the request of Ranking Member Claire McCaskill, the minority staff of the U.S. Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs examined contracts awarded by FEMA for emergency tarps and sheeting during the response to the 2017 hurricane season."
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs
2018-04-10
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Executive Order 13828: Reducing Poverty in America by Promoting Opportunity and Economic Mobility
"The United States and its Constitution were founded on the principles of freedom and equal opportunity for all. To ensure that all Americans would be able to realize the benefits of those principles, especially during hard times, the Government established programs to help families with basic unmet needs. Unfortunately, many of the programs designed to help families have instead delayed economic independence, perpetuated poverty, and weakened family bonds. While bipartisan welfare reform enacted in 1996 was a step toward eliminating the economic stagnation and social harm that can result from long-term Government dependence, the welfare system still traps many recipients, especially children, in poverty and is in need of further reform and modernization in order to increase self-sufficiency, well-being, and economic mobility."
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Trump, Donald, 1946-
2018-04-10
