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COVID-19 and Funding for Civil Aviation [March 23, 2020]
From the Document: "The COVID [coronavirus disease]-19 pandemic has created headwinds for the airline industry. Out of health concerns, customers were canceling international air travel to China and other affected countries in Asia as early as January 2020. Since then, travel restrictions imposed by governments around the world as well as suspension of nonessential travel by businesses and organizations have led to a sharp drop in air travel. These developments could also have significant implications for civil aviation programs. The International Air Transport Association, an airline industry group, projected on March 17 that the industry's losses globally due to COVID-19 would exceed $113 billion--more than 19% of the annual revenue--and warned that numerous airlines around the world were running out of cash. Many passenger carriers have canceled services in the face of reduced demand, and have sought to conserve cash by offering voluntary leaves of absence, placing workers on furlough, and grounding or accelerating retirement of some aircraft."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Tang, Rachel Y.
2020-03-23
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National Emergency Powers [Updated March 23, 2020]
From the Summary: "The President of the United States has available certain powers that may be exercised in the event that the nation is threatened by crisis, exigency, or emergency circumstances (other than natural disasters, war, or near-war situations). Such powers may be stated explicitly or implied by the Constitution, assumed by the Chief Executive to be permissible constitutionally, or inferred from or specified by statute. Through legislation, Congress has made a great many delegations of authority in this regard over the past 230 years. There are, however, limits and restraints upon the President in his exercise of emergency powers. With the exception of the habeas corpus clause, the Constitution makes no allowance for the suspension of any of its provisions during a national emergency. Disputes over the constitutionality or legality of the exercise of emergency powers are judicially reviewable. Both the judiciary and Congress, as co-equal branches, can restrain the executive regarding emergency powers. So can public opinion. Since 1976, the President has been subject to certain procedural formalities in utilizing some statutorily delegated emergency authority."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Halchin, L. Elaine
2020-03-23
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MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, March 23, 2020
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This issue of MMWR contains the following: "Public Health Responses to COVID-19 Outbreaks on Cruise Ships -- Worldwide, February-March 2020." Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2020.html]
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-03-23
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Justice Department Files Its First Enforcement Action Against COVID-19 Fraud: Federal Court Issues Temporary Restraining Order Against Website Offering Fraudulent Coronavirus Vaccine
From the Webpage: "The Department of Justice announced today that it has taken its first action in federal court to combat fraud related to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The enforcement action filed today in Austin against operators of a fraudulent website follows Attorney General William Barr's recent direction for the department to prioritize the detection, investigation, and prosecution of illegal conduct related to the pandemic."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Public Affairs
2020-03-22
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Navy LPD-17 Flight II and LHA Amphibious Ship Programs: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated March 22, 2020]
From the Summary: "This report discusses two types of amphibious ships being procured for the Navy: LPD-17 Flight II class amphibious ships and LHA-type amphibious assault ships. Both types are built by Huntington Ingalls Industries/Ingalls Shipbuilding (HII/Ingalls) of Pascagoula, MS. The first LPD-17 Flight II class ship, LPD-30, was procured in FY2018; the Navy's FY2021 budget submission estimates its cost at $1,819.6 million (i.e., about $1.8 billion). LHA-type amphibious assault ships are procured once every few years. LHA-8 was procured in FY2017; the Navy's FY2021 budget submission estimates its cost at $3,832.0 million (i.e., about $3.8 billion)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2020-03-22
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Navy John Lewis (TAO-205) Class Oiler Shipbuilding Program: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated March 22, 2020]
From the Summary: "The Navy began procuring John Lewis (TAO-205) class oilers in FY2016, and a total of six have been procured through FY2020, including two in FY2020. The first six TAO-205s are being procured under a block buy contract that was authorized by Section 127 of the FY2016 National Defense Authorization Act (S. 1356/P.L. 114-92 of November 25, 2015). The Navy's FY2021 budget submission estimates that TAO-205s cost about $530 million each when they are procured at a rate of two per year. The Navy wants to procure a total of 20 TAO-205s. The ships are being built by General Dynamics/National Steel and Shipbuilding Company (GD/NASSCO) of San Diego, CA. The Navy's FY2020 budget submission projected a request for one TAO-205 class ship in FY2021 and programmed a total of six over the period FY2021-FY2025. Under the Navy's FY2021 budget submission, however, no TAO-205 class ship is requested for procurement in FY2021, and a total of four are programmed for the period FY2021-FY2025. The Navy's FY2021 budget requests $59.9 million in FY2021 cost-to-complete procurement funding to cover cost growth on TAO-205s procured in prior fiscal years, but it does not request any FY2021 funding for the procurement of additional TAO-205s."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2020-03-22
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Coast Guard Polar Security Cutter (Polar Icebreaker) Program: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated March 22, 2020]
From the Summary: "The Coast Guard Polar Security Cutter (PSC) program is a program to acquire three new PSCs (i.e., heavy polar icebreakers), to be followed years from now by the acquisition of up to three new medium polar icebreakers. The PSC program has received a total of $1,169.6 million (i.e., about $1.2 billion) in procurement funding through FY2020, including $135 million in FY2020, which was $100 million more than the $35 million that the Coast Guard had requested for FY2020. With the funding it has received through FY2020, the first PSC is now fully funded and the second PSC has received initial funding."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2020-03-22
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Coast Guard Cutter Procurement: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated March 22, 2020]
From the Summary: "The Coast Guard's program of record (POR) calls for procuring 8 National Security Cutters (NSCs), 25 Offshore Patrol Cutters (OPCs), and 58 Fast Response Cutters (FRCs) as replacements for 90 aging Coast Guard high-endurance cutters, medium-endurance cutters, and patrol craft. The Coast Guard's proposed FY2021 budget requests a total of $597 million in procurement funding for the NSC, OPC, and FRC programs. It also proposes a rescission of $70 million in FY2020 procurement funding that Congress provided for the NSC program. NSCs are the Coast Guard's largest and most capable general-purpose cutters; they are replacing the Coast Guard's 12 Hamilton-class high-endurance cutters. NSCs have an estimated average procurement cost of about $670 million per ship."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2020-03-22
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Navy Virginia (SSN-774) Class Attack Submarine Procurement: Background and Issues for Congress [March 22, 2020]
From the Summary: "The Navy has been procuring Virginia (SSN-774) class nuclear-powered attack submarines (SSNs) since FY1998. The one Virginia-class boat that the Navy is requesting for procurement in FY2021 would be the 33 rd boat in the class. The Navy's FY2020 budget submission had projected that the Navy would request two Virginia-class boats in FY2021. Virginia-class boats scheduled for procurement in FY2019-FY2023 are being procured under a multiyear procurement (MYP) contract. Most Virginia-class boats procured in FY2019 and subsequent years are to be built with the Virginia Payload Module (VPM), an additional, 84-footlong, mid-body section equipped with four large-diameter, vertical launch tubes for storing and launching additional Tomahawk missiles or other payloads."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2020-03-22
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Hotel to Healthcare Concept (H2HC) [presentation]
This presentation provides plans for converting hotels and arenas into alternative healthcare facilities. Suggested engineering changes include the following: "[1] Add perimeter fencing; [2] Add generator; [3] Add patient screening tent; [4] Add exterior pharmacy; [5] Add med gas storage; [6] Add access control point (ACP); [and 7] Add red bag disposal area."
United States. Army. Corps of Engineers
2020-03-22
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Navy Columbia (SSBN-826) Class Ballistic Missile Submarine Program: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated March 22, 2020]
From the Introduction: "This report provides background information and potential oversight issues for Congress on the Columbia-class program, a program to design and build a class of 12 new ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs) to replace the Navy's current force of 14 aging Ohio-class SSBNs. The Navy has identified the Columbia-class program as the Navy's top priority program. The Navy wants to procure the first Columbia-class boat in FY2021. The Navy's proposed FY2021 budget requests $2,891.5 million in procurement funding, $1,123.2 million in advance procurement (AP) funding, and $397.3 million in research and development funding for the program. The program poses a number of funding and oversight issues for Congress. Decisions that Congress makes on the Columbia-class program could substantially affect U.S. military capabilities and funding requirements, and the U.S. shipbuilding industrial base."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2020-03-22
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Navy Ford (CVN-78) Class Aircraft Carrier Program: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated March 22, 2020]
From the Introduction: "This report provides background information and potential oversight issues for Congress on the 'Gerald R. Ford' (CVN-78) class nuclear-powered aircraft carrier (CVN) aircraft carrier program. The Navy's proposed FY2021 budget requests $2,714.2 million (i.e., about $2.7 billion) in procurement funding for the program. Congress's decisions on the CVN-78 program could substantially affect Navy capabilities and funding requirements and the shipbuilding industrial base."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2020-03-22
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Navy Frigate (FFG[X]) Program: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated March 22, 2020]
From the Introduction: "This report provides background information and discusses potential issues for Congress regarding the Navy's FFG(X) program, a program to procure a new class of 20 guided-missile frigates (FFGs). The Navy's proposed FY2021 budget requests $1,053.1 million (i.e., about $1.1 billion) for the procurement of the second FFG(X). The FFG(X) program presents several potential oversight issues for Congress. Congress's decisions on the program could affect Navy capabilities and funding requirements and the shipbuilding industrial base."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2020-03-22
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Navy DDG-51 and DDG-1000 Destroyer Programs: Background and Issues for Congress [Updated March 22, 2020]
From the Introduction: "This report presents background information and potential oversight issues for Congress on the Navy's Arleigh Burke (DDG-51) and Zumwalt (DDG-1000) class destroyer programs. The Navy's proposed FY2021 budget requests funding for the procurement of two DDG-51s. Decisions that Congress makes concerning destroyer procurement could substantially affect Navy capabilities and funding requirements, and the U.S. shipbuilding industrial base."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2020-03-22
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COVID-19 HMIS Setup and Data Sharing Practices
From the Document: "This document offers information to help Continuum of Care (CoC) and HMIS [Homeless Management Information System] Leadership at the local level to create an action plan for recording and communicating data around COVID-19 and homelessness for their community. HUD [Department of Housing and Urban Development] strongly recommends that CoCs work with their local Health Departments to blend their activities and actions with the plans the Health Departments are activating."
United States. Department of Housing and Urban Development
2020-03-21
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Pandemic Preparedness in the Workplace and the Americans with Disabilities Act: Updated in Response to COVID-19 Pandemic
From the Purpose: "This technical assistance document provides information about Titles I and V of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and Section 501 of the Rehabilitation Act and pandemic planning in the workplace. This document was originally issued in 2009, during the spread of H1N1 [Influenza A virus subtype H1N1] virus, and has been re-issued on March 19, 2020, to incorporate updates regarding the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease] pandemic. It identifies established ADA principles that are relevant to questions frequently asked about workplace pandemic planning."
United States. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
2020-03-21
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MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, March 20, 2020
The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) Series is prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [It] is the agency's primary vehicle for scientific publication of timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations. This issue of MMWR contains the following: "Global Epidemiology of Tuberculosis and Progress Toward Meeting Global Targets -- Worldwide, 2018"; "Tuberculosis -- United States, 2019"; "Drug and Opioid-Involved Overdose Deaths --United States, 2017-2018"; "Variation in Adult Outpatient Opioid Prescription Dispensing by Age and Sex -- United States, 2008-2018"; "Delayed Identification of Infants Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing -- Minnesota, 2012-2016"; "Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Surveillance and Containment Measures for the First 100 Patients with COVID-19 in Singapore -- January 2-February 29, 2020"; "Initial Investigation of Transmission of COVID-19 Among Crew Members During Quarantine of a Cruise Ship -- Yokohama, Japan, February 2020". Notifiable Diseases and Mortality Tables from this issue can be accessed at the following link [http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2020.html]
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2020-03-20
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Substance Use Disorder Services in the Days of a Pandemic: You Need a Bigger Boat [video]
From the Website: "Providing SUD [substance use disorder] services during a pandemic requires a mix of disaster preparedness, safety precautions, telehealth, and ethics. During her tenure as a leader in SUD treatment, Sheila Weix has been involved with emergencies related to the HIV epidemic, 9/11, and the 2008 economic collapse. She is currently applying this experience in an outpatient treatment service that includes medication-assisted treatment in rural Wisconsin during the COVID19 pandemic."
United States. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
Weix, Sheila
2020-03-20
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COVID-19 Economic Stimulus: Business Payroll Tax Cuts [March 20, 2020]
From the Document: "The economic fallout from coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has accelerated rapidly. Policymakers continue to evaluate tax policy economic relief options. Payroll tax cuts for businesses are one option that would provide economic assistance to business activities."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sherlock, Molly F.; Marples, Donald J.
2020-03-20
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Targeted Tax Relief for Industries Impacted by the Coronavirus: Selected Policy Issues [March 20, 2020]
From the Document: "One of the policy options being considered to minimize the damage to the U.S. economy from the domestic spread of the coronavirus is tax relief targeted at industries that have experienced substantial drops in revenue. To date, growing numbers of cruise lines, airlines, hotels, restaurants, retailers, and energy producers seem to have been hit the hardest by the economic impact of the virus. Depending on what happens to the spread of the coronavirus within the United States in coming weeks, other industries could be similarly affected. The prospect of a prolonged domestic coronavirus outbreak raises concerns about the solvency of severely affected companies and the job security of their employees. This is a particular concern for smaller firms. Without lines of credit, many of them may find it difficult to stay in business."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Guenther, Gary L.
2020-03-20
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State and Local Fiscal Conditions and Economic Shocks [March 20, 2020]
From the Document: "Policymaker attention to the COVID [coronavirus disease]-19 economic shock has included its potential effect on state and local governments. This Insight summarizes the underlying forces affecting state and local finances following a negative economic shock, examines tools available to them in response to such forces, and briefly discusses federal assistance offered in recent recessions."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Driessen, Grant A.
2020-03-20
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Federal Research and Development (R&D) Funding: FY2020 [Updated March 20, 2020]
From the Summary: "President Trump's budget request for FY2020 included approximately $134.1 billion for research and development (R&D). Several FY2019 appropriations bills had not been enacted at the time the President's FY2020 budget was prepared; therefore, the President's budget included the FY2018 actual funding levels, 2019 annualized continuing resolution (CR) levels, and the FY2020 request levels. On February 15, 2019, Congress enacted the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019 (P.L. 116-6). This act included each of the remaining appropriations acts, completing the FY2019 appropriations process. The act also rendered the CR levels identified in the budget no longer relevant, though for some agencies the exact amount of R&D funding in the act remained uncertain. The analysis of government-wide R&D funding in this report compares the President's request for FY2020 to the FY2018 level."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sargent, John F.
2020-03-20
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U.S. Commission on Civil Rights Expresses Concern Over Growing Anti-Asian Racism and Xenophobia Amid the COVID-19 Outbreak
From the Document: "The U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, by majority vote, expresses grave concern over recent demonstrations of violence and hate toward people of Asian descent provoked by misplaced fear over the COVID-19 [novel coronavirus 2019] pandemic. As the nation's civil rights watchdog, the Commission has long recognized that xenophobia wears many faces. In recent weeks, we have seen those faces surface in the form of ignorance and misinformed assumptions, hateful remarks, and violent acts. In one case, a man riding a New York subway train sprayed a fellow passenger, an Asian American man, with air freshener while yelling at him to move away. In Washington, D.C., a woman was accosted by a fellow passenger on a Metro train, who told her 'Get out of here. Go back to China. I don't want none of your swine flu here.' A man riding a public bus in Boston, upon seeing a woman sneeze into her sleeve, began making comments about 'diseased Chinese people.'"
United States Commission on Civil Rights
2020-03-20
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Considerations for the Care and Treatment of Mental and Substance Use Disorders in the COVID-19 Epidemic: March 20, 2020
From the Document: "COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus spread by the respiratory route and contact with contaminated surfaces. It appears to be highly contagious and has a significant morbidity and mortality rate. Because these attributes are known and because this agent has been identified as responsible for a global pandemic, it is essential that behavioral healthcare facilities implement plans to protect patients and staff from infection to the greatest extent possible. The following are offered as considerations aimed at decreasing the likelihood of infection and viral transmission and providing for the behavioral health needs of patients."
United States. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
2020-03-20
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USDA Domestic Food Assistance Programs' Response to COVID-19: P.l. 116-127 and Related Efforts [Updated March 20, 2020]
From the Document: "U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) programs are often part of emergency response efforts, providing program flexibilities, foods for distribution, and benefits for redemption. Emergencies generate different FNS responses and vary with states' requests. During the COVID-19 pandemic, access to food--particularly in light of school closures--has been a concern for many. Some also view the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) as a force for economic stimulus. This Insight discusses P.L. 116-127's food assistance provisions, which supplement FNS's existing COVID-19 response with new funds and authorities."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Aussenberg, Randy Alison; Billings, Kara Clifford
2020-03-20
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Department of Veterans Affairs' Potential Role in Addressing the COVID-19 Outbreak [March 20, 2020]
From the Summary: "The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) provides a range of benefits to eligible veterans and their dependents. [...] Based on limited information from VA, this report provides an overview of VA's response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that is affecting communities throughout the United States. It also discusses recent congressional action as it pertains to the veterans' benefits and services, as well as the supplemental appropriations for the department."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Panangala, Sidath Viranga; Sussman, Jared S.; Dortch, Cassandria . . .
2020-03-20
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Postponing Federal Elections and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Legal Considerations [March 20, 2020]
From the Document: "On March 13, 2020, Louisiana's Governor invoked emergency powers to announce that the state's presidential primary election, previously scheduled for April 4, would be postponed for more than two months as part of the state's response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Other states soon began exploring similar changes, prompting election officials, candidates, and voters to prepare for disruptions that could persist through November's general election. This Sidebar reviews the legal provisions that would constrain any efforts to delay or cancel federal elections during a public health crisis or other national emergency. The first part reviews laws pertaining to presidential elections, and the second part reviews laws relevant to congressional elections."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Shelly, Jacob D.
2020-03-20
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COVID-19 and Stimulus Payments to Individuals: Potential Impacts of Direct Payments on Family Incomes [March 20, 2020]
From the Document: "Several Members of Congress and the Trump Administration have proposed direct cash payments as part of a fiscal response to the economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Direct cash payments have previously been part of the federal government's response to economic downturns, most recently in 2001 and 2008. In general, the purpose of direct payments is twofold: (1) they allow families to spend more, and through a multiplier effect help to stimulate the economy; and (2) they provide resources to help meet basic needs for those whose income has decreased due to COVID-19 infection or potential job loss. This Insight discusses several current direct payment proposals and their impact on family incomes."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Boyle, Conor F.; Carter, Jameson A.
2020-03-20
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Grand Jury Secrecy and Impeachment: Implications of D.C. Circuit Ruling on the Special Counsel's Report [March 20, 2020]
From the Document: "Following the conclusion of Special Counsel Robert S. Mueller III's investigation of Russian interference in the 2016 election and related matters, the Attorney General released a public version of the Special Counsel's report concerning the investigation, with redactions. Many of the redactions related to matters occurring before the grand jury that had been convened in the investigation, as Rule 6(e) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure (Rule 6(e)) provides for the secrecy of grand jury proceedings unless an exception applies. Certain Members of Congress were offered the opportunity to review a less redacted version of the report, but the Attorney General has maintained that Rule 6(e) prohibited the disclosure of grand jury information even to Congress."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Foster, Michael A. (Legislative attorney)
2020-03-20
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COVID-19: An Overview of Trade-Related Measures to Address Access to Medical Goods [March 20, 2020]
From the Document: "As the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic continues, government officials around the world have raised questions and concerns about how to ensure that their countries have adequate access to, and supplies of, medical goods, including personal protective equipment (e.g., masks, gloves, garments), medical equipment (e.g., ventilators), and pharmaceuticals. This Sidebar presents an overview of some of the trade-related measures taken by the United States and its trading partners in their efforts to address these concerns, including: (1) introducing export restrictions; (2) reducing or eliminating tariffs; (3) revising import procedures; and (4) prioritizing domestic production. It then discusses possible legal challenges to each of these measures, as well as avenues for congressional action or oversight."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Hart, Nina M.
2020-03-20
