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Defense Primer: Special Operations Forces [Updated January 2, 2020]
From the Overview: "Special Operations Forces (SOF) are those active duty and reserve component forces of the military services designated by the Secretary of Defense (SECDEF) and specifically selected, organized, trained, and equipped to conduct and support special operations. Special operations frequently require unique modes of employment, tactics, techniques, procedures, and equipment. They are often conducted in hostile, politically, and/or diplomatically sensitive environments, and are characterized by one or more of the following: time-sensitivity, clandestine or covert nature, low visibility, work with or through indigenous forces, greater requirements for regional orientation and cultural expertise, and a high degree of risk."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Torreon, Barbara Salazar; Feickert, Andrew
2020-01-02
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Defense Primer: Organization of U.S. Ground Forces [Updated January 2, 2020]
From the Document: "The Army and Marine Corps are organized as hierarchies of units, with each type of unit commanded by a noncommissioned or commissioned officer of a specific rank. These units are described from smallest to largest."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Torreon, Barbara Salazar; Feickert, Andrew
2020-01-02
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Unfunded Mandates Reform Act: History, Impact, and Issues [Updated January 2, 2020]
From the Summary: "The Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA) culminated years of effort by state and local government officials and business interests to control, if not eliminate, the imposition of unfunded intergovernmental and private-sector federal mandates. Advocates argued the statute was needed to forestall federal legislation and regulations that imposed obligations on state and local governments or businesses that resulted in higher costs and inefficiencies. Opponents argued that federal mandates may be necessary to achieve national objectives in areas where voluntary action by state and local governments and business failed to achieve desired results. UMRA provides a framework for the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) to estimate the direct costs of mandates in legislative proposals to state and local governments and to the private sector, and for issuing agencies to estimate the direct costs of mandates in proposed regulations to regulated entities. Aside from these informational requirements, UMRA controls the imposition of mandates only through a procedural mechanism allowing Congress to decline to consider unfunded intergovernmental mandates in proposed legislation if they are estimated to cost more than specified threshold amounts. UMRA applies to any provision in legislation, statute, or regulation that would impose an enforceable duty upon state and local governments or the private sector."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Dilger, Robert Jay, 1954-; Beth, Richard S.
2020-01-02
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U.S. Withdrawal from the INF Treaty: What's Next? [Updated January 2, 2020]
From the Document: "On August 2, 2019, the United States withdrew from the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty. The United States withdrew from the treaty in response to Russia's deployment of an INF-range ground-launched cruise missile, which violated the treaty's ban on missiles with a range between 500 and 5,500 kilometers. [...] President Trump first indicated that the United States would withdraw from INF on October 20, 2018. He not only cited Russia's violation, but also argued that the United States is at a disadvantage with respect to China because the latter is not bound by the treaty's limits. On December 4, 2018, after a meeting of NATO's foreign ministers, Secretary of State Pompeo declared that Russia was in material breach of the treaty and announced that the United States would suspend its obligations, effective in 60 days, 'unless Russia returns to full and verifiable compliance.' This 60-day period ended on February 2, 2019."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Woolf, Amy F.
2020-01-02
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FY2020 National Defense Authorization Act: P.L. 116-92 (H.R. 2500, S. 1790) [January 2, 2020]
From the Introduction: "This report provides an overview of the FY2020 National Defense Authorization Act (H.R. 2500, S. 1790, P.L. 116-92) and serves as a portal to other CRS [Congressional Research Service] products providing additional context, detail, and analysis concerning particular aspects of that legislation."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Towell, Pat
2020-01-02
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Nature-Based Infrastructure: NOAA's Role [January 2, 2020]
From the Document: "The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) currently supports natural, nature-based, or green infrastructure and other related types of features (hereinafter referred to as nature-based infrastructure) as part of its statutory mandates to support, research, restore, and conserve natural resources. [...] This report describes how NOAA characterizes nature-based infrastructure and the agency's current activities supporting research and implementation of nature-based infrastructure. The report also discusses potential issues for Congress including (1) definitions of nature-based infrastructure in statute, (2) NOAA's authority to support nature-based infrastructure, (3) how NOAA coordinates with other federal agencies and nonfederal entities on nature-based infrastructure activities, and (4) how NOAA funds nature-based infrastructure activities and its total nature-based infrastructure-related expenditures."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Lipiec, Eva
2020-01-02
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Defense Primer: Department of the Army and Army Command Structure [Updated January 2, 2020]
From the Overview: "Article I, Section 8, Clause 12 of the Constitution stipulates, 'The Congress shall have power ... to raise and support Armies ... make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces ... for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections and repel invasions.' The Department of the Army (DA) is one of the three military departments reporting to the Department of Defense (DOD). The Army's primary mission is to fight and win the nation's ground wars. The Army's mission is both operational and institutional, and it is composed of four distinct components: the regular Active component (AC), the reserve components of the United States Army Reserve (USAR), the Army National Guard (ARNG), and Department of the Army civilians (DAC)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Feickert, Andrew; Torreon, Barbara Salazar
2020-01-02
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Campaign and Election Security Policy: Overview and Recent Developments for Congress [January 2, 2020]
From the Document: "In the United States, state, territorial, and local governments are responsible for most aspects of selecting and securing election systems and equipment. Foreign interference during the 2016 election cycle--and widely reported to be an ongoing threat--has renewed congressional attention to campaign and election security and raised new questions about the nature and extent of the federal government's role in this policy area. This report provides congressional readers with a resource for understanding campaign and election security policy. This includes discussion of the federal government's roles; state or territorial responsibilities for election administration and election security; an overview of potentially relevant federal statutes and agencies; and highlights of recent congressional policy debates. The report summarizes related legislation that has advanced beyond introduction during the 116th Congress. It also poses questions for consideration as the House and Senate examine whether or how to pursue legislation, oversight, or appropriations."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Garrett, R. Sam, 1977-; Eckman, Sarah J.; Shanton, Karen L.
2020-01-02
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Chile: An Overview [Updated January 2, 2020]
From the Document: "Chile, a nation of 19.1 million people, is located along the Pacific coast of South America. Chile traditionally has been one of the United States' strongest partners in Latin America due to the countries' common commitments to democracy, human rights, and free trade. Chile also has worked with the United States to promote peace and stability in the Western Hemisphere, as Chile's transition to a higher level of economic development has enabled it to take on additional regional responsibilities."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Meyer, Peter J.
2020-01-02
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Dominican Republic [Updated January 2, 2020]
From the Document: "The Dominican Republic occupies the eastern two-thirds of the Caribbean island of Hispaniola, which it shares with Haiti. The Dominican Republic is a key U.S. partner in the Caribbean because of its comparatively large size, strong economy, and stability. In recent years, the United States and the Dominican Republic have maintained close commercial ties under the Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement (CAFTADR) and cooperated on regional security concerns under the Caribbean Basin Security Initiative (CBSI)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Seelke, Clare Ribando
2020-01-02
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VA Real Property: VHA Should Improve Activation Cost Estimates and Oversight, Report to Congressional Requesters
From the Highlights: "VHA [Veterans Health Administration] operates one of the nation's largest health care systems with more than 1,200 sites across the country; however, many facilities were built decades ago and do not align with the agency's current emphasis on outpatient and specialized care. Additionally, new or expanded facilities are needed to accommodate veterans returning from recent conflicts. VHA is constructing and leasing new facilities to respond to these needs. GAO [Government Accountability Office] was asked to review VHA's efforts to activate new major medical facilities. This report examines the extent to which VHA is able to compare the actual costs of activation against the estimated costs, among other objectives."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2020-01
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Military Review: The Professional Journal of the U.S. Army [January-February 2020]
This January-February 2020 edition of "Military Review: The Professional Journal of the U.S. Army" features the following articles: "Field Manual 4-0" by Michael D. Lundy, Rodney D. Fogg, Richard D. Creed Jr., and William C. Latham Jr.; "A Logic All Its Own" by Nicholas Sinclair; "The Small-Team Replacement System" by R. Smith Griggs, Jacob Haider, and Luke Flatebo; "Leadership during Large-Scale Combat Operations" by Jeremy Smith; "Developing Readiness to Trust Artificial Intelligence within Warfighting Teams" by Marlon W. Brown; "Not an Intellectual Exercise" by Ethan Orwin; "Air Supremacy" by Jonathan G. McPhilamy; "Information on the Twenty-First Century Battlefield" by Charles M. Kelly; "The Army's Gap in Operational-Level Intelligence for Space as Part of Multi-Domain Operations" by Jerry V. Drew II; "Great Power Collaboration?" by Dai Jing, and Raymond Huff; "Evaluating Our Evaluations" by Lee A. Evans, and G. Lee Robinson; "Option 17" by Mark M. Hull; "Key Ingredient in Army Leader Development" by George Fust; "The Reemergence of Gray-Zone
Warfare in Modern Conflicts" by Omer Dostri and "Admiral Bill Halsey" by John H. Modinger.
Army University Press (U.S.)
2020
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Tool for Developing Integrated Strategies for Decontamination and Waste Management
From the Abstract: "Management of waste from chemical, biological, and radiological incidents is complicated by the fact that decontamination decisions have a profound impact on the characteristics of resulting waste streams. Wide-area biological and radiological incidents could produce massive quantities of waste that may need to be treated on-site and sent for subsequent disposal as non-contaminated materials, or else be directly disposed of as contaminated materials. The EPA has developed the Waste Estimation Support Tool (WEST) for characterizing and quantifying biological and radiological waste that may be generated from decontamination efforts. This paper focuses on the WEST's uses for radiological incidents."
United States. Environmental Protection Agency
Lemieux, Paul; Boe, Timothy; Hayes, Colin
2020
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CBO Paper: The Foreign-Born Population and Its Effects on the U.S. Economy and the Federal Budget--An Overview
From the Document: "About 47 million people living in the United States in 2018 were born in other countries. Roughly three-quarters of those people were here legally. They included naturalized citizens, lawful permanent residents (who are also known as green-card holders), refugees, people who were granted asylum, and people who were temporarily admitted for a specific purpose, such as extended work or study. (The people accounted for in this document do not include visitors for business or pleasure.) The remaining one-quarter, or about 11 million people, were here illegally, having either remained here when their temporary legal status expired or crossed the border illegally. For more than a decade, the number of people remaining when their temporary status expired has exceeded the number crossing the border illegally, mostly because the number of illegal border crossings has declined."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2020-01
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Oversight of the Report on the Investigation into Russian Interference in the 2016 Presidential Election: Former Special Counsel Robert S. Mueller, III, Hearing Before the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, First Session, July 24, 2019
This is the July 24, 2019 hearing on "Oversight of the Report on the Investigation into Russian Interference in the 2016 Presidential Election: Former Special Counsel Robert S. Mueller, III," held before the U.S. House Committee on the Judiciary. From the Opening Statement of Doug Collins: "The origins and conclusions of the Mueller investigation are the same things: what it means to be American. Every American has a voice in our democracy. We must protect the sanctity of their voice by combatting election interference. Every American enjoys the presumption of innocence and guarantee of due process. If we carry nothing--anything away today, it must be that we increase our vigilance against foreign election interference, while we ensure our government officials don't weaponize their power against the constitutional rights guaranteed to every U.S. citizen. Finally, we must agree that the opportunity cost here is too high." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Robert S. Mueller III.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2020
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Prevention with Purpose: A Strategic Planning Guide for Preventing Drug Misuse Among College Students
From the Introduction: "Students often cite four main reasons that college campuses provide a rich environment for drug experimentation: (1) ease of drug availability, (2) lack of parental infuence, (3) normalization of drug use among peers, and (4) low perceived risk of harm from drug use. However, for college students who engage in drug use, the personal and academic costs can be high, even more for drug use than for alcohol use, leading to gaps in enrollment, prolonged time to graduation, and even failure to graduate. Numerous studies have found an inverse relationship between consuming drugs intended to treat attention defcit and hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) (e.g., Adderall and Ritalin) as study aids and academic success. In other words, nonmedical use of prescription stimulants does not improve academic performance. For a small minority of students, college drug experimentation leads to lifelong struggles with addiction."
United States. Drug Enforcement Administration
2020-01
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Congressional Budget Office: Final Sequestration Report for Fiscal Year 2020
From the Document: "After a session of Congress ends, the Congressional Budget Office [CBO] is required to issue a report that provides estimates of the limits (often called caps) on discretionary budget authority that are in effect through 2021. CBO also must report whether, according to its estimates, enacted legislation for the current fiscal year has exceeded the caps and thus would trigger a cancellation of budgetary resources, known as a sequestration. In CBO's estimation, a sequestration will not be required for 2020. However, the authority to make that determination--and, if so, how to cut budget authority--rests with the Administration's Office of Management and Budget (OMB). Those determinations are based on OMB's own estimates of federal spending."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
Lerner, Avi
2020-01
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National Maritime Strategy: DOT is Taking Steps to Obtain Interagency Input and Finalize Strategy, Report to Congressional Committees
From the GAO [Government Accountability Office] Highlights: "DOT's [Department of Transportation] efforts related to a national maritime strategy aimed at helping to ensure the sustainability and competitiveness of the U.S.-flag fleet were first mandated in statute in 2014. In 2018, the due date for the national maritime strategy was extended to February 2020. A provision in statute directed GAO to identify the challenges facing the U.S. maritime industry and the status of the national maritime strategy. This report (1) identifies selected stakeholders' views on the key national defense implications of the challenges facing the U.S. maritime industry, among other things, and (2) examines the status of the national maritime strategy and the extent to which DOT coordinated the strategy's development with relevant federal agencies."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2020-01
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Defense Acquisitions: Senior Leaders Should Emphasize Key Practices to Improve Weapon System Reliability, Report to the Committee on Armed Services, U.S. Senate
From the Highlights: "DOD invests tens of billions of dollars each year in major defense acquisition programs, designing and developing technologically advanced weapon systems that warfighters expect will meet specific performance requirements, including reliability requirements. Systems that are not reliable make it more difficult for warfighters to perform their missions. GAO [Government Accountability Office] was asked to examine DOD weapon system reliability. This report addresses (1) how selected companies in the commercial sector address reliability, (2) how selected DOD acquisition programs addressed reliability, and (3) the extent to which DOD leadership has highlighted key reliability practices."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2020-01
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Earth's Thermometers: Glacial and Ice Sheet Melt in a Changing Climate, Hearing Before the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, First Session, July 11, 2019
This is the July 11, 2019 hearing on "Earth's Thermometers: Glacial and Ice Sheet Melt in a Changing Climate," held before the U.S. House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. From the opening statement of Eddie Bernice Johnson: "Glacial and ice sheet melt is responsible for two-thirds of the 8 inches of sea-level rise that we've seen in the last 200 years from the anthropogenic warming, and that sea-level rise is only expected to continue. The western Antarctic ice sheet, which everyone is watching because it is thought to be the most unstable ice sheet, could add another 11 feet of additional sea-level rise if it collapses, which some experts expect could happen at some point. Such an increase would mean many coastal cities would be flooded, and the world as we know it would be different." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Richard B. Alley, Robin E. Bell, Twila A. Moon, Gabriel J. Wolken, and W. Tad Pfeffer.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2020
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Unmanned Aircraft Systems: FAA Could Better Leverage Test Site Program to Advance Drone Integration, Report to the Ranking Member, Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, House of Representatives
From the GAO [Government Accountability Office] Highlights: "UAS [unmanned aerial vehicle] could provide significant economic and social benefits, for example by delivering packages or aiding in search and rescue missions. FAA [Federal Aviation Administration] is conducting a phased approach to incrementally integrate UAS safely into the national airspace. As directed by statute, FAA established UAS test sites to allow industry to assess the safety and feasibility of complex UAS operations, such as flying beyond an operator's line of sight. FAA has stated that this program provides research results and other data needed to reach full integration. GAO was asked to review FAA's management of the test sites. This report examines, among other things: (1) the research conducted at FAA's designated UAS test sites, and (2) how FAA is leveraging and sharing information from the test site program to advance integration. GAO reviewed relevant statutes and regulations, reports, and FAA guidance; analyzed test sites' efforts, including flight test data submitted to FAA from 2015 through 2018; and interviewed FAA officials, test site representatives from all 7 test sites, and 18 test site users, selected to include a range of perspectives."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2020-01
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Strategy to Combat Human Trafficking, the Importation of Goods Produced with Forced Labor, and Child Sexual Exploitation
From the Executive Summary: "The prevalence of human trafficking, forced labor, and child sexual exploitation throughout the world is an urgent humanitarian issue with direct and far-reaching consequences on the United States. Within the United States, human trafficking and child sexual exploitation are grossly prevalent and affect diverse communities. These crimes threaten our physical and virtual borders, our immigration and customs systems, our prosperity, our national security, and are a direct attack on Americans' personal safety and our country's public safety. Accordingly, the United States has declared it a national priority to end human trafficking, the importation of goods produced with forced labor, and child sexual exploitation. The U.S. Department of Homeland Security is on the frontlines of this fight, protecting the country and collaborating with our partners to stop these crimes. To leverage all of our authorities in this fight, DHS developed a first-of-its-kind 'Strategy to Combat Human Trafficking, the Importation of Goods Produced with Forced Labor, and Child Sexual Exploitation.' It represents our vision to end this urgent humanitarian issue, articulates the Department's long-term approach for combating these crimes, and serves as a framework to prioritize our resources and monitor progress."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2020-01
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National Nuclear Security Administration: Additional Verification Checks Could Improve the Accuracy and Consistency of Reported Financial Data, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "NNSA [National Nuclear Security Administration] has long faced challenges in determining and comparing the costs of its programs, which are principally performed by M&O [management and operating] contractors across eight sites. Congress needs this information to provide effective oversight and make budgetary decisions. The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 required NNSA to implement a common financial reporting system, to the extent practicable, across all sites by December 2020. NNSA's efforts began in 2016 and are ongoing. The Senate report accompanying a bill for the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 includes a provision for GAO [Government Accountability Office] to periodically review NNSA's implementation of common financial reporting. This is GAO's second report on this issue. This report examines (1) the steps NNSA has taken to implement common financial reporting since GAO's January 2019 report, and (2) the extent to which NNSA's approach to data collection aligns with the purpose of common financial reporting, including collecting accurate and consistent data from its M&O contractors."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2020-01
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Technology Readiness Assessment Guide: Best Practices for Evaluating the Readiness of Technology for Use in Acquisition Programs and Projects (January 2020)
From the Introduction: "Technology readiness assessments (TRA)--evaluations that determine a technology's maturity--have been used widely at the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) since the 1990s. This approach has also been embraced by other government agencies, as well as industry in aerospace, maritime, oil and gas, electronics, and heavy equipment that use TRAs to help manage their acquisitions. Relatively few agencies have guides for assessing a technology's maturity and its readiness for integration into larger acquisition programs, and the federal government has not adopted a generally accepted approach for evaluating technology beyond using technology readiness level (TRL) measures. This TRA Guide is intended to help fill those gaps. The Guide has two objectives: (1) to describe generally accepted best practices for conducting high-quality TRAs of technology developed for systems or acquisition programs, and (2) to provide technology developers, program managers, and governance bodies with useful information to more effectively mature critical technologies, determine a technology's readiness, and manage and address risk."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2020-01
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Public Transportation: Enhanced Federal Information Sharing on Coordination Could Improve Rural Transit Services, Report to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, U.S. Senate
From the Document: "Public transportation in rural areas is critical to connecting people to medical services, jobs, education, and shopping. FTA [Federal Transit Administration] allocated about $2.1 billion in formula grants over the last 3 years to support rural and tribal transit. In 2014, GAO [U.S. Government Accountability Office] reported that providing transit services in rural areas can be challenging and that coordination of transportation services among federal programs is limited. GAO was asked to examine ongoing efforts and challenges of coordinating rural transit systems. This report addresses (1) factors affecting rural transit coordination and selected rural and tribal transit providers' coordination efforts and (2) the extent to which FTA facilitates coordination of rural transit services. GAO reviewed program documentation and literature on rural transit coordination. GAO also interviewed federal officials from FTA and the Department of Health and Human Services, which also funds transportation services, and rural transit stakeholders, including state transportation agencies, rural and tribal transit providers, and public transit industry groups. GAO selected states and rural and tribal transit providers based on federal-funding levels and geographic representation, among other factors."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2020-01
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Aviation Consumer Protection: Few U.S. Aircraft Have Lavatories Designed to Accommodate Passengers with Reduced Mobility, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "Flying can pose significant challenges for persons who rely on wheelchairs, including the lack of wheelchair accessible lavatories on most flights. In 1990, DOT [Department of Transportation] required wheelchair accessible lavatories on twin-aisle aircraft used mainly for long flights. It did not require them for single-aisle aircraft, although DOT continued to study the issue. Since 1990, technological advances have enabled single-aisle aircraft to fly longer distances, and these aircraft now make 99 percent of domestic flights. In 2016, a DOT advisory committee recommended that DOT require accessible lavatories in certain single-aisle aircraft in the future. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Reauthorization Act of 2018 included a provision that GAO [Government Accountability Office] examine the availability and designs of lavatories on commercial aircraft and the ability of passengers with disabilities to access them. This report describes (1) what is known about lavatory designs and accessibility for persons with reduced mobility and (2) the challenges wheelchair-bound passengers and others face while traveling on single-aisle aircraft without accessible or functional lavatories."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2020-01
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Impeachment Inquiry into President Donald J. Trump: Constitutional Grounds for Presidential Impeachment, Hearing Before the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, First Session, December 4, 2019
This is the December 4, 2019 hearing on "Impeachment Inquiry into President Donald J. Trump: Constitutional Grounds for Presidential Impeachment," held before the U.S. House Committee on the Judiciary. From the Opening Statement of Jerrold Nadler: "This is the first hearing we are conducting pursuant to House Resolution 660 and the special Judiciary Committee procedures that are described in section 4(a) of that resolution. […] On July 25th, President Trump called President Zelensky of Ukraine and, in President Trump's words, asked him for a favor. That call was part of a concerted effort by the President and his men to solicit a personal advantage in the next election, this time in the form of an investigation of his political adversaries by a foreign government. To obtain that private political advantage, President Trump withheld both an official White House meeting from the newly elected President of a fragile democracy and withheld vital military aid from a vulnerable ally. [...] Today, we will begin our conversation where we should, with the text of the Constitution. We are empowered to recommend the impeachment of President Trump to the House if we find that he has committed treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Noah Feldman, Pamela S. Karlan, Michael Gerhardt, and Jonathan Turley.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2020
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Army History (Winter 2020)
This Winter 2020 edition of 'Army History' contains the following articles: "Leveraging Institutional Change" by Charles R. Bowery Jr.; "A Novel Proposition: Indian Regulars in the U.S. Army in the 1890s" by David McCormick; "The Wright Flyer" the National Museum of the United States Army (NMUSA) Feature; "Guides to the West: Enlisted Native American United States Scouts" by Dieter Stenger; "Educating and remembering: The United States Army's World War I Centennial Commemoration Program" by Charles R. Bowery Jr.; eight book reviews; and a Chief Historian's Footnote on "Workforce Diversity" by Jon T. Hoffman.
Center of Military History
2020
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FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin: January 2020
This edition of the FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin contains the following articles: "Building Police Officer Psychological Capital to Mitigate Stress" by Eric Murray; "Tasmania, Australia, Police"; "Albuquerque, New Mexico, Public Schools Police Department"; "Leadership Spotlight: Redefining Leadership Presence"; "Legal Digest: U.S. Supreme Court Cases, 2018-2019 Term" by Christina Cobb; "Bulletin Notes"; and "Community Outreach Spotlight: Safeguarding Senior Communities."
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
2020-01
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U.S. Secret Service: Investigative Operations Confer Benefits, but Additional Actions Are Needed to Prioritize Resources, Report to the Committee on Homeland Security
From the GAO [Government Accountability Office] Highlights: "Commonly known for protecting the President, the Secret Service also investigates financial and electronic crimes (e.g., counterfeit currency and identity theft). In recent years, Congress and a panel of experts established by the Secretary of Homeland Security have raised concerns that the Secret Service's investigative operations may negatively affect its protective operations. [...] This report examines, among other things, the extent to which the Secret Service's (1) investigative operations support or negatively affect its protective operations; (2) Office of Investigations has developed a plan to combat its priority criminal threats; and (3) staffing model accounts for federal employee compensation limits. GAO analyzed Secret Service data related to investigation and protection activities from 2014 through 2018; conducted semi-structured interviews with current and former special agents and federal prosecutors; and reviewed Secret Service policies and guidance."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2020-01
