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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 6751: Banking Transparency for Sanctioned Persons Act of 2018
"H.R. 6751 would require the Department of the Treasury to report twice a year to the Congress on any licenses the department issued to financial institutions that permits them to work with nations that sponsor terrorist activities and the names of any financial institutions working with sanctioned persons. Some specified activities would be exempt from this reporting requirement. The reporting requirement would end seven years after enactment. Using information from the department, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing H.R. 6751 would not impose a significant administration burden and would thus have no significant cost."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2018-09-27
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EMR-ISAC: InfoGram, Volume 18 Issue 39, September 27, 2018
The Emergency Management and Response Information Sharing and Analysis Center's (EMR-ISAC) InfoGram is a weekly publication of information concerning the protection of critical infrastructures relevant to members of the Emergency Services Sector. This issue includes the following articles: "Propane and natural gas safety in flooding conditions"; "Fire Prevention Week campaign focuses on action"; and "Outbreak Response Training Program for public health".
Emergency Management and Response-Information Sharing and Analysis Center (U.S.)
2018-09-27
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DHS Grants and Contracts Awarded Through Other Than Full and Open Competition FY 2017
"On May 5, 2017, Congress enacted Public Law 115-31, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017.' According to Division F, Section 103(a), the Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security shall submit a report not later than October 15, 2017, to the DHS Office of Inspector General listing all grants and contracts awarded by other than full and open competition (OTFOC) during fiscal years 2016 and 2017."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of Inspector General
2018-09-27
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 3277: Space Frontier Act of 2018
"S. 3277 would direct the Department of Transportation (DOT) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to streamline the permitting processes for commercial space transportation and commercial activities for observing the earth. The bill also would require the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to continue operations of the International Space Station (ISS) through 2030. CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing S. 3277 would cost $34 million over the 2019-2023 period, assuming appropriation of the necessary amounts. Enacting S. 3277 would affect direct spending by extending NASA's authority to enter into enhanced-use lease agreements; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures apply. CBO expects NASA would use that extension to enter into agreements with third parties to construct and renovate energy production, launch, and other specialized facilities. CBO estimates that enacting the bill would increase direct spending by $30 million over the 2019-2028 period. The bill would not affect revenues."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2018-09-27
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Management Alert - Issues Requiring Action at the Adelanto ICE Processing Center in Adelanto, California
"This Alert is part of an ongoing review to inspect U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) detention facilities. We conducted an unannounced visit to the Adelanto ICE Processing Center and, using ICE's 2011 'Performance-Based National Detention Standards,' we identified serious violations that are important to inform ICE of immediately."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of Inspector General
2018-09-27
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 6620: The Protecting Critical Infrastructure Against Drones and Emerging Threats Act; H.R. 6735, The Public-Private Cybersecurity Cooperation Act; H.R. 6740, The Border Tunnel Task Force Act
"On September 25, the House of Representatives passed the following three pieces of legislation: [1] H.R. 6620, the Protecting Critical Infrastructure Against Drones and Emerging Threats Act, which would require the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to prepare assessments of the threats presented by unmanned aircraft systems (often called drones) and other emerging threats associated with such new technologies; [2] H.R. 6735, the Public-Private Cybersecurity Cooperation Act, which would require DHS to establish procedures for people or organizations to report vulnerabilities in the department's information systems; and [3] H.R. 6740, the Border Tunnel Task Force Act, which would direct DHS to establish task forces to combat threats from cross-border tunnels; the task forces could include personnel from federal, state, local, and tribal agencies. CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that enacting the legislation would not significantly affect spending by DHS in any fiscal year because the department could largely implement each act with existing personnel."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2018-09-27
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Preptalks: We Succeed or Fail Together [video]
"In his PrepTalk, 'We Succeed or Fail Together' Vance Taylor shares the personal story of a shelter that failed to take into account the needs of people with access and functional needs and how emergency managers can achieve better integrated planning. Taylor explains the importance of understanding the communities we serve and the need to integrate people with access and functional needs within each phase of planning for communication, sheltering, evacuation, and medical needs."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
Taylor, L. Vance
2018-09-26
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Preptalks Discussion Guide: We Succeed or Fail Together
"In his PrepTalk, Vance Taylor shares the personal story of a shelter that failed to take into account the needs of people with access and functional needs, and how emergency managers can achieve better integrated planning. Taylor is the Chief of the Office of Access and Functional Needs in the California Governor's Office of Emergency Services. He explains the importance of understanding the communities we serve and the need to integrate people with access and functional needs within each phase of planning for communication, sheltering, evacuation, and medical needs. In his PrepTalk, Taylor calls for more fully applying technology, including artificial intellegence [sic] and machine learning, to emergency management to save the lives of people with access and functional needs before, during, and after disasters."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
Taylor, L. Vance
2018-09-26?
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DHS Support Components Do Not Have Sufficient Processes and Procedures to Address Misconduct
"This report is part of our ongoing department-wide audit of conduct and discipline to determine whether the Department of Homeland Security has sufficient processes and procedures to address conduct issues. This report presents our findings on DHS support components. We expect to publish a department-wide summary report at the conclusion of the conduct and discipline audit."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of Inspector General
2018-09-26
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Water Infrastructure Financing: The Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act (WIFIA) Program [September 26, 2018]
"Water infrastructure issues, regarding funding in particular, continue to receive attention from some Members of Congress and a wide array of stakeholders. Localities are primarily responsible for providing wastewater and drinking water infrastructure services. According to the most recent estimates by states and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), expected capital costs for such facilities total $744 billion over a 20-year period. While some analysts and stakeholders debate whether these estimates understate or overstate capital needs, most agree that the affected communities face formidable challenges in providing adequate and reliable water infrastructure services. Capital investments in water infrastructure are necessary to maintain high quality service that protects public health and the environment, and capital facilities are a major investment for local governments. The vast majority of public capital projects are debt-financed (i.e., they are not financed on a pay-as-you-go basis from ongoing revenues to the water utility). The principal financing tool that local governments use is the issuance of tax-exempt municipal bonds. At least 70% of U.S. water utilities rely on municipal bonds and other debt to some degree to finance capital investments."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Ramseur, Jonathan L.; Tiemann, Mary
2018-09-26
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Selected Legal Tools for Maintaining Government Contractor Accountability [September 26, 2018]
"The federal government obligates hundreds of billions of dollars each year to procure goods and services. Federal procurement statutes and regulations establish largely uniform policies and procedures applicable to government contracts 'to deliver on a timely basis the best value product or service to the [government], while maintaining the public's trust and fulfilling public policy objectives.' To meet these ends, federal agencies have a number of legal tools at their disposal to help ensure a contractor adequately performs a contract or, if warranted, to hold a contractor accountable for performance failures or misconduct. These legal tools are intended to advance the transparency, fairness, and integrity of the procurement system and limit waste, fraud, and abuse. As described in detail below, these tools include contractual remedies, contract bid and source selection criteria, as well as various noncontract-based legal powers, such as civil fraud enforcement and the authority to exclude contractors for a period of time from being eligible for future contracts through suspension or debarment proceedings. This report analyzes a selection of the legal tools a procuring agency may use to hold contractors accountable. The report first assesses contractual remedies that procuring agencies could utilize to ensure full and satisfactory performance of existing contracts. Next, the report discusses performance-related contract source selection criteria that agencies may, and often must, utilize when evaluating new contract bid proposals. The report ends with a discussion of other legal tools--outside of contract law and the contract selection processes--that the government may employ to hold a contractor accountable."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Blanchard, Christopher M.
2018-09-26
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Iran Sanctions [September 26, 2018]
"During 2012-2015, when the global community was relatively united in pressuring Iran, Iran's economy shrank by 9% per year, crude oil exports fell from about 2.5 million barrels per day (mbd) to about 1.1 mbd, and Iran was unable to repatriate more than $120 billion in Iranian reserves held in banks abroad. The 2015 multilateral nuclear accord (Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, or JCPOA) provided Iran broad relief from the international and U.S. secondary sanctions (sanctions on foreign firms that do business with Iran) that were driving Iran's economy into significant recession. Upon the January 16, 2016,implementation of the JCPOA, U.S. Administration waivers of relevant sanctions laws took effect,relevant executive orders (E.O.s) were revoked, and corresponding U.N. and EU sanctions were lifted. Remaining in place were a general ban on U.S. trade with Iran and U.S. secondary sanctions imposed on Iran's support for regional governments and armed factions, its human rights abuses, its efforts to acquire missile and advanced conventional weapons capabilities, and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC). Some additional sanctions on these entities and activities were made mandatory by the Countering America's Adversaries through Sanctions Act (CAATSA, P.L. 115-44), which also increases sanctions on Russia and North Korea."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Hickey, Kevin J.
2018-09-26
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Government Contract Bid Protests: Analysis of Legal Processes and Recent Developments [September 26, 2018]
"In FY2017, the federal government obligated approximately $500 billion to procure goods and services. Federal procurement statutes and regulations--notably the Competition in Contracting Act of 1984 (CICA) and the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR), the government-wide regulation that generally applies to acquisitions by executive branch agencies--establish largely uniform policies and procedures for how federal executive agencies acquire goods and services. The purpose of these standards is to guide the acquisition system 'to deliver on a timely basis the best value product or service to the [government], while maintaining the public's trust and fulfilling public policy objectives,' such as the promotion of competition. In an effort to advance the transparency, fairness, and integrity of the procurement system, federal law provides mechanisms for contractors to 'protest' (i.e., object to) contract awards and solicitations for failing to comply with federal law."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Carpenter, David H.; Schwartz, Moshe
2018-09-26
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Marine Corps Amphibious Combat Vehicle (ACV): Background and Issues for Congress [September 26, 2018]
"On January 6, 2011, after spending approximately $3 billion in developmental funding, the Marine Corps cancelled the Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle (EFV) program due to poor reliability demonstrated during operational testing and excessive cost growth. Because the EFV was intended to replace the 40-year-old Amphibious Assault Vehicle (AAV), the Pentagon pledged to move quickly to develop a 'more affordable and sustainable' vehicle to replace the EFV. The Amphibious Combat Vehicle (ACV) is intended to replace the AAV, incorporating some EFV capabilities but in a more practical and cost-efficient manner. In concert with the ACV, the Marines were developing the Marine Personnel Carrier (MPC) to serve as a survivable and mobile platform to transport Marines when ashore. The MPC was not intended to be amphibious like an AAV, EFV, or the ACV but instead would be required to have a swim capability for inland waterways such as rivers, lakes, and other water obstacles such as shore-to-shore operations in the littorals. Both vehicles were intended to play central roles in future Marine amphibious operations. On June 14, 2013, Marine leadership put the MPC program 'on ice' due to budgetary pressures but suggested the program might be resurrected some 10 years down the road when budgetary resources might be more favorable."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Feickert, Andrew
2018-09-26
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EPA Proposes the Affordable Clean Energy Rule to Replace the Clean Power Plan [September 26, 2018]
"On August 31, 2018, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published its proposed Affordable Clean Energy (ACE) Rule to regulate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from existing coal-fired power plants. The ACE Rule would replace the Obama Administration's Clean Power Plan (CPP), which EPA proposed to repeal in October 2017. The CPP has not gone into effect because the Supreme Court in 2016 stayed implementation of the rule. The proposed ACE Rule would allow states to establish GHG emission standards using 'best system of emission reduction' (BSER) measures that are limited to on-site heat-rate improvements for existing coal-fired power plants. Under the proposed ACE Rule, EPA would provide states with a list of 'candidate technologies' for use at individual power plants to set emission standards. In contrast, under the more expansive CPP approach, EPA considered emission reduction measures that could be used on-site at individual power plants and off-site to establish national emission standards and state-wide emission reduction targets. This Sidebar explores the legal basis for the proposed ACE Rule and discusses EPA's authority to consider various emission reduction options for existing power plants under the Clean Air Act (CAA). (A companion Sidebar discusses the proposal's new applicability test for New Source Review permitting requirements under the CAA.)"
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Tsang, Linda
2018-09-26
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H. Rept. 115-981: Empowering Financial Institutions to Fight Human Trafficking Act of 2018, Together with Minority Views, Report to Accompany H.R. 6729, September 26, 2018
From the Purpose and Summary: "On September 6, 2018, Rep. Ann Wagner introduced H.R. 6729, the 'Empowering Financial Institutions to Fight Human Trafficking Act,' which would instruct the Secretary of the Treasury to establish a mechanism for nonprofit organizations to qualify for a safe harbor when sharing specific information with financial institutions that facilitates their duties of customer due diligence and the reporting of suspicious activities relating to human trafficking. Registered nonprofit organizations that share information in compliance with these regulations will receive safe harbor protections in order to protect themselves from retaliation, defamation suits, and other actions."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2018-09-26
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H. Rept. 115-963, Part 1: Secure Border Communications Act, Report to Accompany H.R. 6742, September 25, 2018
From the Purpose and Summary: "The purpose of H.R. 6742, the Secure Border Communications Act, is to amend the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to require that the Secretary of Homeland Security ensure appropriate officers and agents of U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) are equipped with secure radios or other two-way communication devices, supported by system interoperability. The bill requires that CBP communication devices allow officers and agents to communicate between ports of entry and inspection stations, and with other Federal, State, Tribal, and local law enforcement entities operating in the same area of responsibility. In addition, the bill requires that Border Patrol Agents operating in remote mission critical locations and at border checkpoints be outfitted with multi- or dual-band encrypted portable radios. The radios and communication devices acquired by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) shall have the option to connect to appropriate commercial mobile broadband networks when feasible. The Secretary may evaluate new or emerging communication technology to determine whether they are suitable for border security operational needs as well."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2018-09-25
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H. Rept. 115-962: Border Tunnel Task Force Act, Report to Accompany H.R. 6740, September 25, 2018
From the Purpose and Summary: "H.R. 6740, the 'Border Tunnel Task Force Act' formally authorizes the Department of Homeland Security's (DHS) Border Tunnel Task Forces to enhance the Department's capacity to detect and eliminate cross-border tunnels used for the illicit smuggling of drugs, people, and weapons underneath the border of the United States. Border Tunnel Task Force teams are comprised of ICE--HSI [Immigration and Customs Enforcement--Homeland Security Investigations], CBP [Customs and Border Protection], other Departmental personnel, and other Federal, State, local, and tribal law enforcement agencies. This legislation allows the Secretary to establish new teams as needed. The Border Tunnel Task Force teams are deployed in jurisdictions that are significantly impacted by cross-border threats and participate in a comprehensive law enforcement effort to detect, investigate, and destroy the illicit international highways used for trafficking drugs, humans, and weapons in and out of the United States. Border Tunnel Task Forces enhance the sharing of critical national security related intelligence among DHS and other law enforcement agencies."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2018-09-25
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H. Rep. 115-960, Part 1: Protecting Critical Infrastructure Against Drones and Emerging Threats Act, Report to Accompany H.R. 6620, September 25, 2018
From the purpose and summary: "The purpose of H.R. 6620 is to require the Department of Home-land Security to prepare a threat assessment relating to unmanned aircraft systems, and for other purposes. H.R. 6620 requires the Under Secretary for Intelligence and Analysis (I&A) of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to develop and disseminate a threat assessment, informed by information gathered from Federal, state, local, and private sector partners, regarding the threats posed by unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) and other emerging threats. Further, it directs the Under Secretary for I&A, in conjunction with the DHS Chief Information Officer (CIO) and other relevant entities, to establish a secure communications infrastructure for receiving and analyzing such threat information, along with a voluntary mechanism for critical infrastructure owners and operators to report information on emerging threats, such as UAS, to DHS. H.R. 6620 also requires the Under Secretary to submit a UAS threat assessment and report to Congress no later than one year after its enactment into law."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2018-09-25
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H. Rep. 115-964: Hack the Department of Homeland Security Act of 2018, Report to Accompany S. 1281, Including Cost Estimate of the Congressional Budget Office, September 25, 2018
From the Purpose and Summary: "S. 1281, the Hack the Department of Homeland Security Act of 2018, directs the Department of Homeland Security to establish a bug bounty pilot program within 180 days of enactment. To be located within the Office of the Chief Information Officer, the bug bounty program would allow participants to probe the appropriate information systems, as identified by the Department, to identify vulnerabilities. The pilot program authorizes the Secretary to provide compensation for reports of previously unidentified security vulnerabilities. The bill addresses possible security concerns by directing the Secretary to designate appropriate information systems that should be included by the program. Additionally, the bill directs the Secretary to consult with the Attorney General to ensure program participants that comply with the requirements of the pilot program are protected from prosecution and to develop a background check process for eligible program participants. The bill requires the Department to submit a report, within 180 days upon completion of the program, to Congress providing an overview on the pilot program."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2018-09-25
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H. Rept. 115-961: Public-Private Cybersecurity Cooperation Act, Report to Accompany H.R. 6735, September 25, 2018
From the Purpose and Summary: "H.R. 6735, the 'Public-Private Cybersecurity Cooperation Act' requires the Secretary of Homeland Security to establish a policy for the reporting and remediation of security vulnerabilities on appropriate information systems within 90 days. The policy must include an understanding of the information technology that the policy applies to, the conditions under which individuals or organizations legally may discover and report vulnerabilities, and how those vulnerabilities are to be reported and disclosed. Additionally, the bill requires the Department to identify a process that it must go through in mitigating and remediating security vulnerabilities. In developing the policy, the Secretary must consult with the Attorney General, the Secretary of Defense, the Administrator of the General Services Administration, and non-governmental security researchers. Finally, the bill lays out the specifics for reporting the policy to Congress, as well as a report to Congress on the effectiveness of the policy."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2018-09-25
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 6742: Secure Border Communications Act
"H.R. 6742 would require Customs and Border Protection (CBP) in the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to equip CBP officers and border patrol agents with radios or similar devices that permit secure and effective communication with DHS personnel and with other federal and nonfederal law enforcement entities. According to CBP, it outfits its officers and agents with radios that largely satisfy the act's requirements, so CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing H.R. 6742 would have no significant effect on agency spending. Enacting the legislation would not affect direct spending or revenues; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures do not apply. CBO estimates that enacting H.R. 6742 would not increase net direct spending or on-budget deficits in any of the four consecutive 10-year periods beginning in 2029."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2018-09-25
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Army Corps of Engineers: Water Resource Authorization and Project Delivery Processes [September 25, 2018]
"The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) is an agency within the Department of Defense with both military and civil works responsibilities. For USACE's civil works mission, Congress directs the agency's water resource activities through authorizations legislation and appropriations. The agency's central civil works responsibilities are to support navigation, reduce riverine flood and coastal storm damage, and protect and restore aquatic ecosystems. USACE attracts congressional attention because its projects can have significant local and regional economic benefits and environmental effects. Unlike with federal funding for highways and municipal water infrastructure, the majority of federal funds provided to USACE are not distributed by formula to states or through competitive grant programs. Instead, USACE is directly engaged in the planning and construction of projects; the majority of its appropriations are used performing work on specific studies and projects authorized by Congress. USACE operates more than 700 dams; has built 14,500 miles of levees; and improves and maintains more than 900 coastal, Great Lakes, and inland harbors,as well as 12,000 miles of inland waterways."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Carter, Nicole T.
2018-09-25
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Congressional Gold Medals: Background, Legislative Process, and Issues for Congress [September 25, 2018]
"Since the late 1700s, Congress has expressed public gratitude to individuals and groups by awarding medals and other similar decorations. The first Congressional Gold Medals were issued by the Continental Congress. Since that time, Congress has awarded gold medals to express public gratitude for distinguished contributions, dramatize the virtues of patriotism, and perpetuate the remembrance of great events. This tradition of authorizing individually struck gold medals bearing the portraits or actions of honorees is rich with history. Although Congress has approved legislation stipulating specific requirements for numerous other awards and decorations, there are no permanent statutory provisions specifically relating to the creation of Congressional Gold Medals. When such an award has been deemed appropriate, Congress has, by special action, provided for the creation of a personalized medal to be given in its name."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Straus, Jacob R.
2018-09-25
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CBO Estimate of Spending and Revenue Effects for H.R. 302: the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018
"The amounts displayed reflect increased budget authority and outlays for discretionary spending provided in H.R. 302 and changes in direct spending and revenues that would result from its enactment. This estimate does not include additional spending that would be subject to future appropriation."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2018-09-25
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 5896: Border Patrol Agent Pay Reform Amendments Act of 2018
"H.R. 5896 would change the calculation of overtime compensation for agents of the border patrol in Customs and Border Protection (CBP). Specifically, the bill would increase--by up to 14 hours for each pay period--the overtime compensation available to agents who handle canines. That change would take effect 90 days after enactment. Currently about 900 canine handlers work in the border patrol. Using information from CBP, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] expects that implementing H.R. 5896 would increase pay for each handler by about $14,000 per year, on average. Thus, CBO estimates that implementing the bill would cost about $10 million in fiscal year 2019 and about $13 million annually thereafter, assuming enactment near the end of 2018 and appropriation of the necessary amounts. Most of the bill's other changes to overtime pay could result in small costs or savings to CBP."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2018-09-25
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Iran's Foreign and Defense Policies [September 25, 2018]
"Successive Administrations have identified Iran as a key national security challenge, citing Iran's nuclear and missile programs as well as its long-standing attempts to counter many U.S. objectives in the region. Director of National Intelligence Dan Coats, in his February 13, 2018, annual worldwide threat assessment testimony before Congress, assessed that 'Iran will seek to expand its influence in Iraq, Syria, and Yemen, where it sees conflicts generally trending in Tehran's favor...' and 'Iran will develop military capabilities that threaten U.S. forces and allies in the region.... 'Successive National Defense Authorization Acts (NDAAs) have required an annual report on Iran's military power, which has in recent years contained assessments of Iran similar to those presented publicly by the intelligence community."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Katzman, Kenneth
2018-09-25
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Islamic State and U.S. Policy [September 25, 2018]
"The Islamic State (IS, aka the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, ISIL/ISIS, or the Arabic acronym Da'esh) is a transnational Sunni Islamist insurgent and terrorist group that controlled large areas of Iraq and Syria from 2014 through 2017. The group attracted a network of global supporters and its leader, Abu Bakr al Baghdadi, received pledges of affiliation from groups in several other countries. A series of terrorist attacks attributed to the group or to individuals it has inspired have claimed hundreds of lives on four continents since November 2015, including in the United States. While U.S. and allied forces in 2017 and 2018 successfully liberated most of the territory formerly held by the group in Syria and Iraq, IS leadership remains at large and IS fighters appear to be evolving into an insurgent force. The group's international affiliates continue to operate, and individuals inspired by the group continue to attempt attacks in Europe and elsewhere."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Blanchard, Christopher M.; Humud, Carla E.
2018-09-25
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Federal Reserve: Legislation in the 115th Congress [September 25, 2018]
"Some proposals, such as H.R. 4753,would change the Fed's institutional structure. H.R. 10,H.R. 4759,and H.R. 6741 would increase the voting weight of regional Fed presidents on the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) at the expense of the Fed's Board of Governors and the New York Fed. H.R. 4757 and H.R.6741 would allow private banks to vote on the selection of Fed regional bank presidents. H.R. 10 would also create a congressional commission to recommend reforms to the Fed. P.L. 115 - 123 nd P.L. 115-174 reduced the Fed's surplus account as a budgetary offset, as would multiple bills that passed the House."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Labonte, Marc
2018-09-25
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 3170: CyberTipline Modernization Act of 2018
"Current law requires Internet service providers to report to the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (a nonprofit organization primarily funded by the Department of Justice) information on apparent violations of laws against the sexual exploitation of children. S. 3170 would make numerous procedural changes to those reporting requirements. CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing the bill would have no significant cost to the federal government. Enacting the legislation would not affect direct spending or revenues; therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures do not apply. CBO estimates that enacting S. 3170 would not increase net direct spending or on-budget deficits in any of the four consecutive 10-year periods beginning in 2029."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2018-09-25
