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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 1317, American Mineral Security Act as Ordered Reported by the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources on July 16, 2019
From the Document: "Title I of S. 1317 would authorize the appropriation of $50 million annually over the 2020-2029 period for the Department of the Interior (DOI), the Department of Energy (DOE), and the Department of Labor to implement several new programs related to classifying, extracting, and using mineral resources in the United States. Title I also would authorize the appropriation of $5 million annually over the 2020-2029 period for DOI to implement the National Geological and Geophysical Data Preservation Program. In 2019, DOI allocated $1.3 million to that program."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2019-08-02
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DHS OIG Completes Review of Allegations of Discrimination at Orlando Airport
From the Document: "A review by the Office of Inspector General (OIG) did not identify evidence to corroborate allegations that a Transportation Security Administration (TSA) supervisor at the Orlando airport directed TSA air marshals or other TSA personnel to use behavior detection techniques to racially discriminate against travelers between 2005-2010. This review was requested by members of Congress based on allegations made in the news media by former members of TSA's Federal Air Marshal Service (FAMS)."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of Inspector General
2019-08-02
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Illicit Drug Flows and Seizures in the United States: In Focus [August 1, 2019]
From the Document: "Policy discussions around issues such as border security, drug trafficking, and the opioid epidemic include questions about illicit drug flows into the United States. While there are numerous data points involved in understanding the trafficking of illicit drugs into the country, these data are often estimated, incomplete, imperfect, or lack nuance."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Finklea, Kristin M.
2019-08-01
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Private Flood Insurance and the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) [Updated August 1, 2019]
From the Document: "The NFIP [National Flood Insurance Program] was first authorized by the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. §4001 et seq.) and was reauthorized until the end of FY2017 by the Biggert-Waters Flood Insurance Reform Act of 2012 (BW-12; Title II of P.L. 112-141). After a series of short-term reauthorizations, the NFIP was reauthorized until September 30, 2019 (P.L. 116-20). In statute, Congress has found that (1) many factors have made it uneconomic for the private insurance industry alone to make flood insurance available to those in need of such protection on reasonable terms and conditions; but (2) a program of flood insurance with large-scale participation of the Federal Government and carried out to the maximum extent practicable by the private insurance industry is feasible and can be initiated. (42 U.S.C. §4001(b))."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Webel, Baird; Horn, Diane P.
2019-08-01
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National Flood Insurance Program Borrowing Authority [Updated August 1, 2019]
From the Document: "This Insight evaluates the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) borrowing authority to receive loans from the U.S. Department of the Treasury and the current financial situation of the NFIP."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Horn, Diane P.
2019-08-01
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What Happens If the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) Lapses? [Updated August 1, 2019]
From the Document: "This Insight provides a short overview of what would happen if the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) were not to be reauthorized by May 31, 2019, and allowed to lapse."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Horn, Diane P.
2019-08-01
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Intelligence Community: Actions Needed to Improve Planning and Oversight of the Centers for Academic Excellence Program, Report to Congressional Requesters
"A trusted, diverse workforce with the right expertise is critical to ensuring the IC achieves its mission of delivering distinctive, timely insights with clarity, objectivity, and independence. ODNI [Office
of the Director of National Intelligence] established the IC CAE [Intelligence Community Centers for Academic Excellence] program in 2005 to educate highly qualified students of diverse backgrounds and encourage them to pursue careers in the IC. ODNI and DIA [Defense Intelligence Agency] have provided 29 colleges a total of 46 IC CAE grants through fiscal year 2018, totaling approximately $69 million through fiscal year 2021. This report evaluates the extent to which (1) DIA has planned and overseen the IC CAE program since 2011 and (2) selected IC elements are participating in the IC CAE program and have clearly defined roles."
United States. Government Accountability Office
Mazanec, Brian M.
2019-08
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EMR-ISAC: InfoGram, Volume 19 Issue 27, August 1, 2019
The Emergency Management and Response Information Sharing and Analysis Center's (EMR-ISAC) InfoGram is a weekly publication of information concerning the protection of critical infrastructures relevant to members of the Emergency Services Sector. This issue includes the following articles: "Wildfire information and situational reports"; "5G technology security may affect federal grants recipients"; "Mass Casualty Trauma Triage Paradigms and Pitfalls"; "Webinar: Tribal-Federal-State Jurisdiction and Public Safety"; "New Trojan blocks antivirus software"; and "Security considerations in a BYOD culture."
Emergency Management and Response-Information Sharing and Analysis Center (U.S.)
2019-08-01
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Closing the Flood Insurance Gap [Updated August 1, 2019]
From the Document: "There is a large flood insurance gap in the United States, where many people that are exposed to flood risk are not covered by flood insurance. The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) is the primary source of residential flood insurance. More than 22,000 communities participate in the NFIP, with nearly 5.1 million policies providing more than $1.3 trillion in coverage. The NFIP identifies areas at high risk of flooding as Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHAs). Property owners are required to purchase flood insurance only if (1) their properties are in SFHAs, (2) their communities participate in the NFIP, and (3) they have federally backed mortgages. Because the SFHA boundary is central to NFIP mapping, it may create a false belief that flood risk changes abruptly at the boundary and that properties outside the SFHA are safe and do not need flood insurance. However, about 20% of NFIP claims are for properties outside SFHAs, and all 50 states have experienced floods in the last five years."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Horn, Diane P.
2019-08-01
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Behavioral Economics, IRS Letter Campaigns, and Tax Compliance [August 1, 2019]
From the Document: "Research from the fields of behavioral economics and behavioral science suggests there may be costeffective ways for the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) to increase tax compliance and collections. This Insight discusses one relatively simple approach to potentially increase compliance: carefully crafted letters to taxpayers. The discussion below is also intended to introduce the reader to a small portion of the vocabulary used by behavioral economists."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Keightley, Mark P.
2019-08-01
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U.S. Military Presence in Poland [August 1, 2019]
From the Introduction: "Poland has been a major focus of U.S. and NATO efforts to deter potential Russian aggression in Europe. This is in part due to its geographic location situated on NATO's eastern flank, providing land access to the Baltic States. Although Ukraine is not a NATO ally, the Russian annexation of Crimea in 2014 and subsequent initiation of a proxy war in Eastern Ukraine underscored to many international security observers that NATO allies, particularly those in Eastern Europe, could once again be threatened by Moscow. In response, the United States and its NATO allies have undertaken a number of initiatives to underscore NATO's collective defense agreements, thereby assuring allies of their own security while simultaneously deterring Russian aggression. Poland is a critical partner in these efforts."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Feickert, Andrew; McInnis, Kathleen J.
2019-08-01
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Trends in the U.S. Poverty Rate After Recessions [August 1, 2019]
From the Introduction: "The poverty rate measures the share of people with family incomes below a dollar amount called a poverty threshold, which is scaled according to family size and the ages of the members. The rate is used to examine the number or share of people facing economic deprivation, and to gauge the level of that deprivation. [...] This development is of potential interest to Congress because it may suggest that economic cycles have changed in a way that is hampering the ability of poor families to use work or other avenues to move out of poverty when compared to past cycles, especially those before 1991. This report documents poverty rate patterns over economic cycles, with a focus on how the poverty rate changes during economic recoveries. Because the population in poverty has a diverse set of characteristics, and multiple changes in the U.S. economy are taking place simultaneously, a definitive explanation as to why the U.S. poverty rate is less responsive to economic recoveries now compared with before the 1990s is beyond the scope of this report."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Dalaker, Joseph
2019-08-01
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Wildfire Statistics [Updated August 1, 2019]
From the Document: "Wildfires are unplanned and unwanted fires, including lightning-caused fires, unauthorized human-caused fires, and escaped prescribed fire projects. States are responsible for responding to wildfires that begin on nonfederal (state, local, and private) lands, except for lands protected by federal agencies under cooperative agreements. The federal government is responsible for responding to wildfires that begin on federal lands. The Forest Service (FS)--within the U.S. Department of Agriculture--carries out wildfire management and response across the 193 million acres of the National Forest System. The Department of the Interior (DOI) manages wildfire response for more than 400 million acres of national parks, wildlife refuges and preserves, other public lands, and Indian reservations."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Hoover, Katie; Hanson, Laura A.
2019-08-01
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Land Ports of Entry: CBP Should Update Policies and Enhance Analysis of Inspections, Report to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, U.S. Senate
From the Highlights: "CBP [U.S. Customs and Border Protection], within the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), is the lead federal agency charged with a dual mission of facilitating the flow of legitimate travel and trade at the nation's borders while keeping terrorists and their weapons, criminals and their contraband, and inadmissible aliens out of the country. GAO [Government Accountability Office] was asked to review CBP's process for inspecting passenger vehicles, pedestrians, and commercial vehicles at land POEs [ports of entry] to secure the border. This report examines to what extent CBP (1) has processes and policies for inspections, (2) monitors inspection activities, and (3) has measures to assess its efforts to detect illegal activity of passengers, pedestrians, and commercial vehicles at land POEs. To address these questions, GAO analyzed CBP documents and data related to inbound inspections; interviewed officials; and observed operations at a non-generalizable sample of seven land POEs, selected to reflect a range of traffic volumes and geographic locations, among other things. This is a public version of a sensitive report that GAO issued in June 2019. Information that DHS deemed sensitive has been omitted."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2019-08
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State Department: Leadership Focus Needed to Guide Agency Reform Efforts, Report to Congressional Addressees
From the Highlights: "In 2017, State initiated a series of reform efforts in response to an executive order by the President and guidance issued by the Office of Management and Budget aimed at reorganizing and streamlining the government. GAO's [Government Accountability Office] prior work has shown that successful agency reform efforts follow key implementation practices, such as establishing a dedicated team to manage the implementation of reforms, and ensuring transparency by setting public goals and milestones to monitor progress. This report examines (1) the status of the reform efforts that State reported to Congress in February 2018 and (2) the extent to which State addressed key practices critical to the successful implementation of agency reform efforts. GAO reviewed State's reform plans, proposals, and related documents; met with officials involved in State's reform efforts; and assessed implementation of the reform efforts against relevant key practices identified in GAO's prior work."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2019-08
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USDA's Proposal to Realign and Relocate the Economic Research Service and National Institute of Food and Agriculture
From the Document: "On August 9, 2018, the Department of Agriculture (USDA or the Department) announced a proposal to: (1) realign the Economic Research Service (ERS) under the Office of the Chief Economist (OCE), which reports to the Office of the Secretary; and (2) relocate ERS and National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) offices. In response to a Congressional request, we initiated an inspection of the Department's legal and budgetary authority to execute these actions, and to determine the Department's adherence to any established procedures relating to agency realignment and relocation and procedures associated with cost benefit analyses."
United States. Department of Agriculture
2019-08
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 3710, Cybersecurity Vulnerability Remediation Act as Ordered Reported by the House Committee on Homeland Security on July 17, 2019
From the Document: "H.R. 3710 would authorize the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to disseminate information to the public about vulnerabilities in the software and hardware of information systems. The bill also would authorize DHS to establish an award program to encourage independent researchers to identify and report vulnerabilities and solutions for those vulnerabilities to the department."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2019-08-01
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Afghanistan: Background and U.S. Policy in Brief [Updated August 1, 2019]
From the Document: "Afghanistan has been a significant U.S. foreign policy concern since 2001, when the United States, in response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, led a military campaign against Al Qaeda and the Taliban government that harbored and supported it. In the intervening 17 years, the United States has suffered around 2,400 military fatalities in Afghanistan (including twelve in 2019 to date) and Congress has appropriated approximately $133 billion for reconstruction there. In that time, an elected Afghan government has replaced the Taliban, and most measures of human development have improved, although future prospects of those measures remain mixed. The fundamental objective of U.S. efforts in Afghanistan is 'preventing any further attacks on the United States by terrorists enjoying safe haven or support in Afghanistan.'"
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Thomas, Clayton
2019-08-01
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Executive Order 13883: Administration of Proliferation Sanctions and Amendment of Executive Order 12851
This Executive Order extends authority to the U.S. Department of the Treasury and the U.S. Secretary of State to administer economic sanctions on any nation involved in weapons proliferation when the president or acting authority has issued sanctions in accordance with the Chemical and Biological Weapons Control and Warfare Elimination Act of 1991.
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Trump, Donald, 1946-
2019-08-01
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Future Warfare: Army is Preparing for Cyber and Electronic Warfare Threats, but Needs to Fully Assess the Staffing, Equipping, and Training of New Organizations, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "The rise of great-power competitors, such as China and Russia, prompted the Army to transform the way it plans to fight. The Army is developing a new warfighting concept to guide how its forces will engage jointly with other services in multiple domains, especially in cyber and space. The House Armed Services Committee included a provision in House Report 115-200 accompanying a bill for the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 for GAO [Government Accountability Office] to review the Army's implementation of the concept. Among its objectives, this report addresses (1) how the Army is changing its doctrine, organizations, and training in order to execute multi-domain operations; and (2) the extent to which the Army has established new cyber and electronic warfare units, including any challenges faced by these units, and whether the Army assessed risks associated with its plan to establish these units."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2019-08
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Defense Management: DOD Should Set Deadlines on Stalled Collaboration Efforts and Clarify Cross-functional Team Funding Responsibilities, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "DOD continues to confront organizational challenges that hinder collaboration. To address these challenges, section 911 of the NDAA [National Defense Authorization Act] for Fiscal Year 2017 directed the Secretary of Defense to, among other things, issue an organizational strategy that identifies critical objectives that span multiple functional boundaries; establish cross-functional teams to support this strategy; and provide related guidance and training. The NDAA for Fiscal Year 2017 also included a provision for GAO [Government Accountability Office] to assess DOD's actions in response to section 911. This report assesses the extent to which DOD has made progress in implementing the requirements of section 911, including establishing a new cross-functional team on electromagnetic spectrum operations."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2019-08
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Resolutions to Censure the President: Procedure and History Updated [August 1, 2019]
From the Summary: "Censure is a reprimand adopted by one or both chambers of Congress against a Member of Congress, President, federal judge, or other government official. [...] While Member censure is a disciplinary measure that is sanctioned by the Constitution (Article 1, Section 5), non-Member censure is not. Rather, it is a formal expression or 'sense of' one or both houses of Congress. [...] This report summarizes the procedures that may be used to consider resolutions of censure and the history of attempts to censure the President (1st -115th Congresses). It also provides citations to additional reading material on the subject."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Hudiburg, Jane A.; Davis, Christopher M., 1966-
2019-08-01
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FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin: August 2019
This edition of the FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin contains the following articles: "Automated Threat Detection and the Future of Policing" by Robert Davidson; "Community Outreach Spotlight: Clippers and Cops" by Carlos Campos; and "Leadership Spotlight: One Bite at a Time"by Heidi A. Marshall.
United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation
2019-08
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Defense Acquisition Workforce: DOD Increased Use of Human Capital Flexibilities but Could Improve Monitoring, Report to Congressional Committees
From the Highlights: "The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 included a provision for GAO [Government Accountability Office] to review DOD's implementation of human capital flexibilities for its acquisition workforce. This report: (1) provides information on DOD's use of human capital flexibilities and (2) determines the extent to which DOD has monitored and assessed its use of these flexibilities. GAO reviewed relevant statutes, and DOD policies, guidance, and acquisition workforce plans; analyzed DOD's fiscal year 2014-2018 civilian acquisition workforce personnel data; and interviewed DOD officials."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2019-08
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Defense Travel: DOD Should Strengthen Its Ongoing Actions to Reduce Improper Travel Payments, Report to Congressional Addressee
From the Highlights: "This report examines (1) the amount DOD spent on DTS [Defense Travel System] travel payments for fiscal years 2016 through 2018 and how much of those payments DOD estimated to be improper and the extent to which DOD has (2) implemented its Remediation Plan and (3) identified travel payment errors, the root causes of those errors, and the cost-effectiveness of addressing root causes. GAO [Government Accountability Office] analyzed fiscal years 2016 through 2018 data on DTS payments, reviewed DOD's Plan and documentation, interviewed officials about implementation efforts, and surveyed 52 DOD components about steps taken to address improper travel payments."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2019-08
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National Mitigation Investment Strategy: Mitigation Framework Leadership Group
From the Executive Summary: "The National Mitigation Investment Strategy ('NMIS' or Investment Strategy) is a single national strategy for advancing mitigation investment to reduce risks posed by natural hazards (for example, sea level rise, droughts, floods, hurricanes, tornados, wildfires, earthquakes) and increasing the nation's resilience to natural hazards. The Investment Strategy's objective is to identify and measure the effectiveness of mitigation investments, and inform decisions on when and where to make investments. The Investment Strategy encourages the whole community-- including individuals--to invest in mitigation, pre- and post-disaster, by adopting the Investment Strategy's three shared goals. Supporting recommendations focus specifically on how the Federal Government and nonfederal partners can identify, support, influence, and align whole community mitigation investments. The MitFLG [Mitigation Framework Leadership Group] will coordinate the Investment Strategy implementation, carried out by the whole community. The MitFLG will periodically evaluate the success of implementation efforts."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
2019-08
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 3669, Weatherizing Infrastructure in the North and Terrorism Emergency Readiness Act of 2019 as Ordered Reported by the House Committee on Homeland Security on July 17, 2019
From the Document: "H.R. 3669 would require the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to conduct an exercise to test whether DHS and local officials are prepared to respond to the effects of a terrorist attack that occurs during a winter storm. The bill also would require DHS to submit a report to the Congress on the results of the exercise. To perform the exercise required by H.R. 3669, DHS would use computer simulation models and facilitate the remote participation of homeland security personnel and local officials. The exercise would simulate the cascading consequences of disruptions to critical infrastructure such as power generation and transmission facilities. Using information about the costs of similar exercises, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing H.R. 3669 would cost $1 million over the 2019-2024 period; such spending would be subject to availability of appropriated funds."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2019-08-01
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Why is the Federal Reserve Reducing Interest Rates? [August 1, 2019]
From the Document: "On July 31, the Federal Reserve (Fed) reduced the federal funds rate by a quarter of a percentage point. The Fed targets this rate to meet its statutory mandate of maximum employment and stable prices (defined as 2% inflation). Lower interest rates would tend to raise employment and inflation, all else equal."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Labonte, Marc
2019-08-01
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South Korea: Background and U.S. Relations [Updated August 1, 2019]
From the Overview: "South Korea (officially the Republic of Korea, or ROK) is one of the United States' most important strategic and economic partners in Asia. The U.S.-ROK Mutual Defense Treaty, signed in 1953 at the end of the Korean War, commits the United States to help South Korea defend itself, particularly from North Korea (officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, or DPRK). Approximately 28,500 U.S. troops are based in the ROK, which is included under the U.S. 'nuclear umbrella.' The U.S.-ROK economic relationship is bolstered by the U.S.- South Korea Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA). South Korea is the United States' seventh-largest trading partner, and the United States is South Korea's second-largest trading partner, behind China."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Manyin, Mark E.; Chanlett-Avery, Emma; Williams, Brock R.
2019-08-01
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Lone Wolf Terrorism - A Brief Bibliography [Updated August 2019]
This bibliography, compiled by Greta E. Marlatt at the Naval Postgraduate School, contains a list of resources related to lone wolf terrorism. Resources include both books and periodicals. The list is organized alphabetically and links to resources are provided when available electronically. This bibliography was created in September 2013, and was last updated August 2019.
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Dudley Knox Library
Marlatt, Greta E.
2019-08
