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• Fire Control Notes (Vol.8 No.1)

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  This is the January 1947 edition (Volume 8, No.1) of Fire Control Notes, a quarterly periodical devoted to the technique of forest fire control, produced by the U.S. Forest Service.

  United States. Forest Service

  1947-01
• Plant Security - Civilian Defense

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  "Gentlemen, this morning's discussion will concern itself with two closely related but separate and distinct problems, namely the problem of plant security and the problem of civilian defense. In treating of these subjects, I will attempt to discuss the problem of plant security first. This discussion will include an explanation of what plant security is and a description of how it operated during World War II, together with an evaluation of its results. I will then attempt to treat of the problem of civilian defense, including its historical background, the purposes underlying the formation of O.C.D. and its history during the war. The final phase of the lecture will consist of a proposal for the organization, operation, control and management of both plant protection and civilian defense in a future emergency, Briefly summed up, the lecture should give ,you the following information concerning plant security and civilian defense: 1) What they are. 2) What was done in World War II. 3) What should be done in a future emergency."

  Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)

  Gallagher, H. D.

  1946-12-20
• Fire Control Notes (Vol.7 No.3)

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  This is the October 1946 edition (Volume 7, No.3) of Fire Control Notes, a quarterly periodical devoted to the technique of forest fire control, produced by the U.S. Forest Service.

  United States. Forest Service

  1946-10
• Fire Control Notes (Vol.7 No.2)

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  This is the July 1946 edition (Volume 7, No.2) of Fire Control Notes, a quarterly periodical devoted to the technique of forest fire control, produced by the U.S. Forest Service.

  United States. Forest Service

  1946-07
• Executive Order 9708: Specifying Communicable Diseases for the Purpose of Regulations Providing for the Apprehension, Detention, or Conditional Release of Individuals to Prevent the Introduction, Transmission, or Spread of Communicable Diseases

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  This executive order identifies the following communicable diseases for the purpose of regulations providing for the apprehension, detention, or conditional release of individuals to prevent the introduction or spread of disease: Anthrax, Chancroid, Cholera, Dengue, Diphtheria. Favus, Gonorrhea. Granuloma Inguinale, Infectious Encephalitis, Leprosy, Lymphogranuloma Venereum, Meningococcus Meningitis, Plague, Poliomyelitis, Psittacosis, Ringworm of the Scalp, Scarlet Fever, Smallpox, Streptococcic Sore Throat, Syphilis, Trachoma, Tuberculosis, Typhoit, Fever, Typhus, Yellow Fever.

  United States. Office of the Federal Register

  Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972

  1946-03-26
• Acheson-Lilienthal Report - Report on the International Control of Atomic Energy

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  Documents included here are "A Report on International Control of Atomic Energy" that was prepared for the Secretary of State's Committee on Atomic Energy and published on March 16, 1946 (pages 46-47 omitted), as well as an April 1946 press release by the Department of State that explains findings of the report that are considered safe for release to the public. The press release gives the names of all those who worked on the report, details what denaturing is and the "degree of safety that it could afford" and includes the following conclusion: "we [the committee] desire to emphasize two points, both of which have been challenged in public discussion. (1) Without uranium as a raw material there is no foreseeable method of releasing atomic energy. With uranium, thorium can also be used. (2) Denaturing, though valuable in adding to the flexibility of a system of controls, cannot of itself eliminate the dangers of atomic warfare." The report itself is laid out in four sections that the committee described as follows: "In Section I, we examined the reasons that have led to a commitment for the international control of atomic energy and the early proposal for realizing this objective by a system of inspection. In Section II, the essential characteristics of a workable plan for security are stated, and the considerations that favor the development of a plan are set out. By the time this discussion is concluded, the outlines of a workable plan as we see it are apparent. In Section III, the essentials of an organization that puts such principles into effect are described. In Section IV, we consider the problems of the transition period leading from the present to the full operation of the plan."

  United States. Government Printing Office

  Barnard, Chester I.; Oppenheimer, J. Robert, 1904-1967; Thomas, Charles A., Ph. D.

  1946-03-16
• Plant Security

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  "Also, we must look at the entire problem in the light of its detailed components, because it was only when we began to break down plant security in all its phases, into its detailed components, that we really began to understand that we had to take a more or less scientific approach. We cannot understand a problem, or begin to solve it, until we can see the differences between its various elements. Therefore, we must look at it as many an artist has to contemplate a great masterpiece. We see it from a distance so that we get the impression the artist wished to create; then, we step forward and look at it closely to see its detailed composition. This study that is being conducted today on this problem must be continued. I repeat that: it must be continued, because I am fully convinced that never again will we have the chance, or the opportunity, or the time to go through all the errors we went through during this war."

  Industrial College of the Armed Forces (U.S.)

  Miller, Alton C.

  1946-03-01
• Pearl Harbor Attack, Part 24: Proceedings of Roberts Commission, Hearings Before the Joint Committee on the Investigation of the Pearl Harbor Attack, Congress of the United States, Seventy-Ninth Congress, First Session, [December 31, 1946]

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  This is the December 31, 1946 hearing on "Pearl Harbor Attack, Part 24: Proceedings of Roberts Commission," held before the U.S. Senate Joint Committee on the Investigation of the Pearl Harbor Attack. From the Letter of Cordell Hull: "It will thus be seen that knowledge of the gravity of the situation in the Pacific was not confined to me, but was shared by many high officers of the Government. I might add that throughout this period officials of the Departments of War and of the Navy manifested a spirit of wholehearted cooperation and indicated in statements made to me from time to time their keen concern regarding the seriousness and critical nature of the danger. On November 25 and on November 28, at meetings of the War Council, at which the highest officers of the Army and the Navy of course were present, I emphasized the critical nature of the relations of this country with Japan: I stated to the conference that there was practically no possibility of an agreement being achieved with Japan; that in my opinion the Japanese were likely to break out at any time with new acts of conquest by force; and that the matter of safe- guarding our national security was in the hands of the Army and the Navy. At the conclusion I with due deference expressed my judgment that any plans for our military defense should include an assumption that the Japanese might make the element of surprise a central point in their strategy and also might attack at various points simultaneously with a view to demoralizing efforts of defense and of coordination for purposes thereof."

  United States. Government Printing Office

  1946
• Security Against Renewed German Aggression: Statement by William L. Clayton, Assistant Secretary of State before the Subcommittee on War Mobilization, Senate Committee on Military Affairs, June 25, 1945

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  "In all questions affecting the treatment of Germany, the Department of State has one paramount objective-security against a renewed German aggression. And security can be assured only so long as there is agreement with our Allies on the basic principles of the treatment of Germany. We have reached that agreement as far as the basic objectives of the occupation of Germany are concerned. […] The task of destroying the economic basis of German aggression is one that requires vigorous, simultaneous action along a number of lines. I am very glad to discuss this morning those three aspects of this problem on which your committee has asked me to report. These are the serious problem of Axis economic penetration in Latin America, the problem of tracking down and frustrating German efforts to hide abroad a stake for another gamble of aggression, and the question of the treatment of German cartels, combines, and technology."

  United States. Government Printing Office

  Clayton, William L.

  1945-06-25
• Memorandum on the Postwar International Information Program of the United States

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  "The adequacy with which the United States as a society is portrayed to the other peoples of the world is a matter of concern to the American people and their Government. Specifically it concerns the Department of State. Modern international relations lie between peoples, not merely governments. Statements on foreign policy are intelligible abroad in the spirit in which they are intended only when other peoples understand the context of national tradition and character which is essential to the meaning of any statement. This is especially true of a collaborative foreign policy which by nature must be open and popular, understood and accepted at home and abroad. International information activities are integral to the conduct of foreign policy. The object of such activities is, first, to see that the context of knowledge among other peoples about the United States is full and fair, not meager and distorted and, second, to see that the policies which directly affect other peoples are presented abroad with enough detail as well as background to make them understandable The emphasis in this memorandum is upon international information activities in a narrower sense (the mass media) than the application of the term which includes intercultural relations (for example, the exchanges of students and professors)."

  United States. Government Printing Office

  Macmahon, Arthur W. (Arthur Whittier), 1890-1980

  1945
• Tenth Army Psychological Warfare Leaflets: Fired In Artillery Shells and Air Dropped: Ryukyus Operation, 1 April - 21 June 1945

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  From the DTIC citation file for the document: "This document contains copies of the psychological warfare leaflets that were fired in artillery shells and air dropped on Japan as part of the Ryukyus Operation from 1 April-21 June 1945."

  U.S. Army Command and General Staff College

  1945
• Alaskan Air Defense and the Japanese Invasion of the Aleutians

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  This historical document outlines the use of air defense during the Japanese Invasion of the Aleutian Islands in 1942.

  United States. Army Air Forces. Office of AC/AS Intelligence

  Ferguson, Arthur B.

  1944-04
• Executive Order 9419: Bronze Star Medal

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  "There is hereby established the Bronze Star Medal, with accompanying ribbons and appurtenances, for award to any person who, while serving in any capacity in or with the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, or Coast Guard of the United States on or after December 7, 1941, distinguishes, or has distinguished, himself by heroic or meritorious achievement or service, not involving participation in aerial flight, in connection with military or naval operations against an enemy of the United States."

  United States. Office of the Federal Register

  Roosevelt, Franklin D. 1883-1945

  1944-02-04
• Simple Sabotage Field Manual

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  This historical document was originally published by the United States Office of Strategic Services (OSS; now the Central Intelligence Agency) in 1944, for use by OSS agents in motivating or recruiting potential foreign saboteurs. Agents were granted permission to print and disseminate portions of the document as needed. The since-declassified booklet describes ways for civilians to inflict sabotage through ordinary means, so as to minimize undue attention. According to the document, saboteur-recruits were most often U.S. sympathizers keen to disrupt war efforts against the U.S. during World War Two. The booklet contains instructions for destabilizing or reducing progress and productivity by non-violent means. The booklet is separated into headings that correspond to specific audiences, including: "Managers and Supervisors"; "Employees"; "Organizations and Conferences"; "Communications"; "Transportation" (Railways, Automotive, and Water); "General Devices for Lowering Morale and Creating Confusion"; and "Electric Power."

  United States. War Department. Strategic Services Unit

  1944-01-17
• Barrage Balloon Development in the United States Army Air Corps: 1923 to 1942

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  This historical document outlines the development and use of barrage balloons by the U.S. Army Air Corps from 1923 to 1942.

  United States. Army Air Forces. Office of AC/AS Intelligence

  1943-12
• Executive Order 9396: Authorizing the Secretary of War to Issue Citations in the Name of the President of the United States to Army Units for Outstanding Performance in Action

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  "The Secretary of War is hereby authorized and directed to issue a citation in the name of the President of the United States, as public evident of deserved honor and distinction, to any organization, unit, detachment, or installation of the Army of the United States or the Army of the Philippine Commonwealth for outstanding performance of duty in action on or after December 7, 1941."

  United States. Office of the Federal Register

  Roosevelt, Franklin D. 1883-1945

  1943-11-22
• Pocket Guide to Iran

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  The United States War and Navy Departments created this pocket guide to Iran during World War II to prepare U.S. soldiers for combat duty in this area. This guide presents general information about the country, culture, geography, religion, and customs of the region as well as some basic Persian words and phrases.

  United States. Department of the Navy

  1943
• Pocket Guide to North Africa

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  The United States War and Navy Departments created this pocket guide to North Africa during World War II to prepare U.S. soldiers for combat duty in this area. This guide presents general information about the countries, cultures, geography, religions, and customs of the regions as well as some basic Arabic phrases.

  United States. Department of the Navy

  1943
• Short Guide to Iraq

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  The United States War and Navy Departments created this pocket guide to Iraq during World War II to prepare U.S. soldiers for combat duty in this area. This guide presents general information about the country, culture, geography, religion, and customs of the region as well as some basic language training.

  United States. Department of the Navy

  1943
• Short Guide to Syria

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  The United States War and Navy Departments created this pocket guide to Syria during World War II to prepare U.S. soldiers for combat duty in this area. This guide presents general information about the country, culture, geography, religion, and customs of the region as well as some basic language training.

  United States. Department of the Navy

  1943
• Communal Air Raid Shelters

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  "This pamphlet on Communal Air Raid Shelters has been prepared under the direction of the Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army, and published by the Office of Civilian Defense. […] The term 'communal air raid shelter' as used herein, designates a protective structure intended for construction out-of-doors and for groups of person larger than individual families. They may be erected on public or private property, and the occupancy may be either definitely assigned to individuals and groups or open to the public in the immediate neighborhood. This definition of the term is derived from British usage which excludes from the meaning of the term group shelters constructed within buildings. This latter type of shelter is discussed in the pamphlet entitled 'Air Raid Shelters in Buildings.' The selection of shelter types is closely associated with air raid shelter policy. Nothing in this publication establishes such policy, and the description of communal shelters herein in no way indicates that they should be selected to the exclusion of other types or, indeed constructed at all. The illustrative designs are based on the application of established design principles where possible; on knowledge of the behavior of various structures under bombing; on observations in England by representatives of the War Department; and on results of tests performed in England by the Ministry of Home Security and in the United States under the direction of the Chief of Engineers."

  United States. Office of Civilian Defense

  1942-11
• How to Fight Fire Bombs

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  "The enemy recently has employed new types of bombs-both large incendiaries and the usual small type with a more powerful explosive charge set off by a time fuse. Experience with these bombs in other countries and our own study of the techniques developed to cope with them make it clear that fire continues to be a most important weapon and that, against fire, water is still the best weapon. When heavier, delayed-action explosive charges are added, they are primarily intended to hold off attack on the fire until it has gained dangerous headway. New types of enemy incendiary and anti-personnel bombs are the usual 2.2-pound fire bomb, a combination incendiary and high explosive bomb, a phosphorus-oil bomb in a casing similar to that of the 110-pound high explosive bomb, and a Japanese bomb weighing about 110 pounds which contains a considerable number of rectangular-shaped rubber-impregnated incendiary pellets. The most effective method of attacking fires caused by these bombs is the same as was outlined in revised instructions last July concerning the ordinary magnesium-thermit type of fire bomb-a jet or direct stream of water. The small fire bomb without explosive charge is still the most widely used of all types, except by the Japanese. If bombs fall where they cannot start fire and cannot be seen from the air, they should be left to burn themselves out, but elsewhere they must be attacked."

  United States. Office of Civilian Defense

  1942-10-28
• Health Welfare and Related Aspects of Community War Services

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  "Strength, vigor, and unity of purpose are basic assets of the American people in this war. That is why community services to sustain health, security, and morale are essential to victory. That is why the State and local agencies, both public and voluntary, which provide services in the fields of health, welfare, nutrition, education, and recreation, must plan well and act effectively to meet wartime needs in every community. This statement prepared with the assistance of our committee on Community Organization, indicates some of the ways in which such organization can promote effective cooperative action by local, State, Federal, and national organizations in these fields. It points out some typical problems which must be faced and solved. It outlines the ways in which various Federal agencies can help. The duty of organizing these services in order to meet wartime needs promptly and economically is a joint responsibility of many agencies and organizations. The pattern suggested herein provides a framework within which all such agencies can develop their own services as part of an integrated program of community war services."

  United States. Government Printing Office. Federal Security Agency

  1942-10
• Air Raid Shelters in Buildings

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  "This publication was prepared by the Office of Chief Engineers, War Department, to provide assistance and information on problems of protective construction. […] There are considerable differences in the types and structural features of buildings suitable for shelter purposes. Therefore, representative examples and general planning policies only are outlined. Alterations and additions to existing structures may be necessary in the majority of cases, in order to provide reasonable protection. Usually, the problems are similar, and certain requirements are basic in achieving maximum protection through use of existing facilities. An extensive general shelter program would be prohibitively expensive. Common sense and technical knowledge should be combined in applying the protective measures discussed in this pamphlet to any specific situation. […] The damage caused by explosive bombs is variable, and a certain amount of risk should be accepted. There is no measure that results in a total elimination of casualties and damage. Certain precautionary measures do, however, minimize the possibility of injury to personnel and damage to structures. Fragments from antiaircraft shells also present a serious hazard to unprotected persons in exposed areas. Most buildings provide sufficient protection from falling fragments provided the persons remain inside. Any structure that meets standard requirements for protection against bomb splinters also gives reasonable protection against aerial gunfire."

  United States. Office of Civilian Defense

  1942-10
• Emergency Mortuary Services

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  "In some air raids forty percent of the casualties may be fatal, but fortunately the total number of casualties is usually small in proportion to the amount of property damage. While the wounded require first attention, the dead should be cared for promptly and inconspicuously, and always with proper reverence and respect. The mortuary service is an essential part of the casualty organization and of the war effort, and must be conducted with tact and efficiency. Detailed instructions for all communities are impossible because of wide variations in local legal practices and responsibilities, but general principles and procedures may be indicated. Normal funeral services, including embalming, caskets and individual burial or cremation, should be provided by private morticians insofar as circumstances permit, and every opportunity should be given for appropriate religious observances. There must be sufficient mortuary and burial accommodations as well as sufficient staff and transport to deal with the number of bodies which may reasonable be expected in view of the size and density of the population and the degree of exposure to enemy attack. It is essential to provide for prompt removal of bodies from the scene of the incident to a mortuary, followed by identification and rapid clearance of the mortuary. Speed and efficiency must be coupled with consideration for the feelings of bereaved relatives. A breakdown in this important service may have a serious effect upon public morale and the prosecution of the war."

  United States. Office of Civilian Defense

  1942-10
• Colleges and Universities and Civilian Defense

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  "It has now been almost nine months since our country's entrance into the war. During these months there has been great evidence of the successful mobilization of colleges and universities for their part in the war. It was thought well to bring together at this time a summary of some of the activities in the field of Civilian Defense which had been the concern of colleges and universities or which might become their concern in the immediate months ahead. Such a summary may prove helpful to those institutions which are not entirely satisfied with the effectiveness of their organization for civilian protection and civilian war services, and may also encourage those which have made the most progress. It is obvious that little more than general suggestions can be included in such a publication because the program must grow out of the local situation and all suggestions must be evaluated in terms of their implications for a particular college or university. The bulletin was prepared jointly by the director and staff of the United States Office of Civilian Defense and the Commission of Higher Education and Civilian Defense. In this undertaking they were assisted by Kenneth L. Heaton of the American Council on Education who served as special consultant to the Director of Civilian Defense while the report was being prepared."

  United States. Office of Civilian Defense

  1942-09
• United States Citizens Defense Corps [Amended to August 1942]

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  The United States Office of Civilian Defense published this pamphlet during World War II to provide an overview of regulations pertaining to the newly created Civilian Defense Corps. The document also outlines criteria and processes for joining the Corps and presents the various schools and duties which comprise the Corps.

  United States. Office of Civilian Defense

  1942-08
• Fire Control Notes (Vol.6 No.3)

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  This is the July 1942 edition (Volume 6, No.3) of Fire Control Notes, a quarterly periodical devoted to the technique of forest fire control, produced by the U.S. Forest Service.

  United States. Forest Service

  1942-07
• Fire Control Notes (Vol.6 No.2)

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  This is the April 1942 edition (Volume 6, No.2) of Fire Control Notes, a quarterly periodical devoted to the technique of forest fire control, produced by the U.S. Forest Service.

  United States. Forest Service

  1942-04
• Executive Order 9080: Joint Mexican-United States Defense Commission

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  "By virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and as President of the United States, and acting jointly and in full accord with His Excellency, the President of the Republic of Mexico, I hereby authorize, on the part of the Government of the United States, the creation of a joint commission to be known as the Joint Mexican-United States Defense Commission. The purposes of the Commission shall be to study problems relating to the common defense of the United States and Mexico, to consider broad plans for the defense of Mexico and adjacent areas of the United States, and to propose to the respective governments the cooperative measures which, in its opinion should be adopted."

  United States. Office of the Federal Register

  Roosevelt, Franklin D. 1883-1945

  1942-02-27