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H. Rept. 116-585: Debarment Enforcement of Bad Actor Registrants Act of 2020, Report to Accompany H.R. 4806, Including Cost Estimate of the Congressional Budget Office
From the Purpose and Summary: "H.R. 4806, the 'Debarment Enforcement of Bad Actor Registrants Act of 2020', or the 'DEBAR Act of 2020', introduced by Representative Robert E. Latta (R-OH) would amend the Controlled Substances Act (CSA) to allow the Attorney General to prohibit any registrant from manufacturing, distributing, or dispensing a controlled substance or a list I chemical if that registrant meets or has met any of the conditions for suspension or revocation of registration, or is a person with a history of prior suspension or revocations."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2020-11-16
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Shadows of Stuxnet: Recommendations for U.S. Policy on Critical Infrastructure Cyber Defense Derived from the Stuxnet Attack
From the Thesis Abstract: "In June 2012, the worldwide cyber security landscape changed when the presence of a new and sophisticated malware, later dubbed 'Stuxnet,' was discovered in the computers of an Iranian nuclear facility. The malware was a cyber weapon, programmed to destroy the industrial machinery utilized for uranium enrichment. Stuxnet was soon dissected and diagnosed as a pioneering and politically motivated cyber attack that successfully infiltrated a high-security, government-run critical infrastructure and destroyed its physical property with computer code. The potential consequences of a similar attack on vulnerable U.S. critical infrastructures could be devastating. This thesis begins with a review of the evolution of U.S. policy related to the cyber defense of critical infrastructures. It then examines the critical infrastructure sectors within the United States, its dependency on computer technology, and the potential consequences of cyber attacks. A detailed case study of the Stuxnet attack follows, along with an analysis of the lessons learned from Stuxnet. The thesis concludes with specific policy improvement recommendations for the United States under three major themes: enhancing national unity of effort, expansion of cyber security coordination between the private and government sectors, and incentivizing private-sector compliance with best practices in cyber security."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Lendvay, Ronald L.
2016-03
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Closing the Cyber Gap: Integrating Cross-Government Cyber Capabilities to Support the DHS Cyber Security Mission
From the Thesis Abstract: "Following the 9/11 terror attacks, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) was mandated to ensure the security of the nation's cyber-supported critical infrastructure, which is predominantly privately owned and outside of the control of the U.S. government. This thesis examines the development of the government's cyber-security policies and primary operational entities through their lawful authorities and capabilities. The thesis also examines and contrasts the effectiveness of DHS's technology-centric, cyber-security approach, the deterrent effect realized through law enforcement cyber operations, and the suitability and effectiveness of the utilization of military or intelligence agencies, specifically the FBI, National Security Agency or Department of Defense, to fulfill the nation's domestic cyber-security mission. Evidence suggests that DHS has consistently chosen to devote disproportionate budgetary resources to develop defensive technologies of questionable effectiveness, initiate redundant information-sharing programs, and develop cyber incidence response teams while not fully utilizing the U.S. Secret Service's legal authorities and capabilities in furtherance of the department's mission. Recommendations are offered to develop a whole-of-government cyber-security policy for an effective, integrated, cyber-security operation through the utilization of agency-specific authorities and capabilities, while protecting our nation's critical infrastructure and our citizens' civil liberties."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.); Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.). Center for Homeland Defense and Security
Lowery, Edward W.
2014-12
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Institute for Critical Infrastructure Technology [website]
From the Website: "The Institute for Critical Infrastructure Technology [ICIT] acts as a conduit between the private sector, federal agencies, and legislative community. We facilitate a powerful platform of programs and initiatives that support the exchange of ideas and provide a forum for our members to engage in the open, non-political discourse needed to effectively support and protect our country's critical infrastructures. ICIT understands that through generative and focused dialogue, private sector companies will be better able to provide the technologies needed by government and industry leaders responsible for building, managing and securing vital sectors of our economy such as healthcare, finance, energy, and defense."
Institute for Critical Infrastructure Technology
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Institute for Information Infrastructure Protection (I3P) [website]
The Institute for Information Infrastructure Protection (I3P) is a consortium of twenty three academic and not-for-profit research organizations focused on cyber security and information infrastructure protection research and development (R&D). Its mission is to help protect the information infrastructure of the United States by developing a comprehensive, prioritized research and development agenda for cyber security, and promoting collaboration and information sharing among academia, industry, and government.
Institute for Information Infrastructure Protection
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Presidential Clemency and Opportunities for Reform, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on the Constitution, Civil Rights, and Civil Liberties of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Second Session, March 5, 2020
This is the March 5, 2020 hearing on "Presidential Clemency and Opportunities for Reform," held before the U.S. House Subcommittee on the Constitution, Civil Rights, and Civil Liberties of the Committee on the Judiciary. From the opening statement of Steve Cohen: "We hold this hearing today to remind America that today there are few things more fiercely urgent than the need to grant clemency to the thousands who suffer from the burdens of excessive and unjust imprisonment, or the collateral consequences stemming from their criminal convictions. Perhaps not coincidentally, these burdens are disproportionately borne by people of color. The Constitution provides the President with broad authority to grant clemency because the Framers understood that the criminal justice needed a safety valve that would guard against excessive or unjust punishments. Article II, Section 2 gives the President the power to, quote, 'grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the United States except in cases of impeachment,' unquote. Until fairly recently, most Presidents were relatively generous in granting clemency." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Kemba Smith Pradia, Cynthia W. Roseberry, Mark Osler, and Rachel E. Barkow.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2020
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California Ecosystem, Water Supply, and Water Quality Enhancement Act of 2001: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Water and Power of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, First Session on S. 976: To Provide Authorization and Funding for the Enhancement of the Ecosystems, Water Supply, and Water Quality of the State of California, July 19, 2001
From the opening statement of Dianne Feinstein: "The first provision that we will amend addresses the assurance language that provides a promise that west side's agricultural contractors will get some benefit from this language. And I think the language we are evolving better reflects the record of decision.
The second provision that we will change involves the procedure for instituting an expedited authorization process for three storage projects. Let me say right up front, this bill essentially preauthorizes $1 billion worth of environmental projects. Most of them are under $10 million; therefore, they go through. There are three water storage projects. One is the delta wetlands. One is raising Shasta dam. The other is Los Vaqueros Reservoir, raising it for water quality reasons. And the question is how to move this rapidly without holding up everything else. And therefore, what we have come up with is a 180-day expedited approval process. This bill aims to move the ecosystem restoration, the water quality improvements and the water storage improvements concurrently." Statements, letters, and material submitted for the record include those of the following: Barbara Boxer, Jim Cunneen, Grant Davis, Byron L. Dorgan, Dianne Feinstein, Stephen K. Hall, Jon Kyl, George Miller, Richard M. Moss, Mary D. Nichols, Gale A. Norton, Phillip J. Pace, Stuart L. Somach, Ellen Tauscher, and Patrick Wright.
United States. Government Printing Office
2002
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United States Strategy to Anticipate, Prevent, and Respond to Atrocities
From the Executive Summary: "President Biden has affirmed that atrocity prevention and the promotion of respect for human rights are central to U.S. national security[.] [...] Atrocities inflict long-term trauma and destroy lives and communities. Atrocities may violate international human rights law, contribute to widespread displacement, regional and international instability, and economic disruption, and threaten U.S. and partner nations' security and interests. As set forth in Executive Order 13729, A Comprehensive Approach to Atrocity Prevention and Response, which remains in effect, 'preventing mass atrocities and genocide is a core national security interest and a core moral responsibility of the United States.' The Elie Wiesel Genocide and Atrocities Prevention Act of 2018 (P.L. 115-441) (the Elie Wiesel Act) states that atrocity prevention is in the U.S. national interest, and calls for the United States to pursue a 'government-wide strategy to identify, prevent, and respond to the risk of atrocities.' The three goals laid out in this strategy support the following envisioned end state: 'The U.S. Government takes timely and effective action to anticipate, prevent, and respond to atrocities, in coordination with partner governments, and international, civil society, and local partners. The White House-led Atrocity Prevention Task Force (Task Force) coordinates these efforts'."
United States. Department of State; United States. Agency for International Development; United States. Department of Defense . . .
2022
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Sexual Harassment at the Department of the Interior, Oversight Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Natural Resources, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, First Session, October 30, 2019
This is the October 30, 2019 hearing on "Sexual Harassment at the Department of the Interior," held before the U.S. House Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Natural Resources. From the opening statement of Debbie Dingell: "The Department of the Interior has a sexual harassment problem, and the problem isn't new. For decades women and men in our national parks, refuges, and other public lands and offices have not been given the protections they need to do their work free from harm. As we sit here, mere weeks after the second anniversary of #MeToo, addressing this problem is more critical than ever. In 2016, the Inspector General released a report that documented approximately 15 years of systemic sexual harassment and misconduct in the Grand Canyon National Park. After that report was released, it was clear that this issue could no longer fall to the wayside. Interior needed to take major action. [...] Both men and women deserve a workplace in which they feel safe, both physically and psychologically, and in which they believe something will be done if they are put in harm's way." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Susan Combs, Chai Feldblum, and Mark Greenblatt.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2020
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Continuity of Senate Operations and Remote Voting in Times of Crisis, Roundtable Before the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Second Session, April 30, 2020
This is the April 30, 2020 hearing on "Continuity of Senate Operations and Remote Voting in Times of Crisis," held before the U.S. Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. From the opening statement of Rob Portman: "Now more than ever, Americans need to know that their leaders are working for them and that they have a voice as we work to navigate in this pandemic. In a world where it is no longer safe to be within 6 feet of each other, Congress has to learn how to adapt. [...] It is appropriate that we look at this issue of how to govern during these sorts of times. From that perspective, and while we wait for guidance from the Rules Committee on how to conduct more formal hearings remotely, today's discussion is an attempt to move Congress forward in times of crisis when we cannot meet in person. It seems fitting that our topic for today should be remote proceedings in Congress, including remote voting. Today our gathering itself is really part of our case. This is, as I understand it, the first time we have been able to do this in the U.S. Congress, certainly in the Senate. We want to show that it is possible to have a hearing without physically being in a hearing room." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Martin B. Gold, Lorelei Kelly, and Joshua C. Huder.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2020
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Department of Health and Human Services Fiscal Year 2003 Budget Priorities: Hearing Before the Committee on the Budget, House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventh Congress, Second Session, February 28, 2002
From the opening statement of Jim Nussle: "The purpose of this hearing is certainly as the lead agency for addressing bioterrorism, the Department of Health and Human Services plays a crucial role in enhancing homeland security. How the President's budget addresses this issue obviously will be a major focus of this hearing. In addition, members of this committee I know will want to use this opportunity to examine a number of issues, everything from research to welfare reform. There is probably nobody in the government at any level that has a more stellar track record of success than Secretary Thompson when it comes to welfare reform. Certainly we meet in the context of the President's new initiative in that regard. Also at issue is access to health care at all levels, as well as Medicare reform which I will report to my colleagues is one of the disappointments I have both within the budget and the foreseeable
future." Statements, letters, and material submitted for the record include those of the following: Tommy G. Thompson, Tara O'Toole, Steven M. Lieberman, Adam H. Putnam, Gail Wilensky, and Dan L. Crippen.
United States. Government Printing Office
2002
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Strengthening Transparency or Silencing Science? The Future of Science in EPA Rulemaking, Hearing Before the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, First Session, November 13, 2019
This is the November 13, 2019 hearing on "Strengthening Transparency or Silencing Science? The Future of Science in EPA Rulemaking," held before the U.S. House Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. From the opening statement ofEddie Bernice Johnson: "Good morning, and let me welcome our witnesses today, 'Strengthening Transparency or Silencing Science? The Future of Science in EPA Rulemaking.' We're here today to discuss a proposed rule that EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) released last year, entitled, 'Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science.'This is not a new issue for this Committee. Between 2014 and 2017, we saw three markups of legislation mirroring the so-called transparency principles of the proposed rule. The 'Secret Science Reform Act,' the 'HONEST Act,' and now the 'Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science' rule have all been met with the same passionate negative response from the scientific community. This rule makes dangerous, sweeping assertions about what does and does not count as good science." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Jennifer Orme-Zavaleta, Linda S. Birnbaum, Mary B. Rice, David Allison, Brian Nosek, and Todd Sherer.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2020
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Hearing on Protecting Congress' Power of the Purse and the Rule of Law, Hearing Before the Committee on the Budget, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Second Session, March 11, 2020
This is the March 11, 2020 hearing on "Hearing on Protecting Congress' Power of the Purse and the Rule of Law," held before the U.S. House Committee on the Budget. From the opening statement of John A. Yarmuth: "For Congress to remain a coequal branch of government and fulfill its constitutional responsibility to control how the people's tax dollars are spent, we must reassert Congress' control over spending and ensure we are the ones holding the purse strings. Increasing transparency and accountability will enable Congress to provide the oversight of the executive branch that our founders intended. [...] The erosion of our nation's separation of powers poses tangible and destructive impacts for constituents, states and localities, and the operation of government. Our communities count on the funds we appropriate whether it is disaster relief, infrastructure investments, improving our military bases and housing, or strengthening our education and healthcare systems. The American people need to know that when their representatives in Congress pass an appropriations bill and it is signed into law, a structure is in place to ensure that money gets to the people who need it. That is why the growing lack of transparency about how the executive branch uses non-public apportionments to exert control over agencies' spending is a major problem."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2020
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Preparing First Responders: A Review of the U.S. Fire Administration Assistance to Firefighters Grant Program and Post-9/11 Challenges for Firefighters and Emergency: Field hearing before the Subcommittee on Research of the Committee on Science, House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventh Congress, Second Session, May 6, 2002
This hearing serves to: (1) Provide an overview of U.S. Fire Administration (USFA) programs and issues; (2) Review the Fire Investment and Response Enhancement (FIRE) Act Grants Program (also known as Assistance to Firefighters Grants); and (3) Examine counter-terrorism-related challenges facing firefighters and first responders. Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: R. David Paulison, Ed Buikema, Donald Bliss, Larry Bausman and Chuck Cribley.
United States. Government Printing Office
2002
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Combating Terrorism: Federal Response to a Biological Weapons Attack: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on National Security, Veterans Affairs and International Relations of the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventh Congress, First Session, July 23, 2001
From the opening statement of Mr. Shays: "The focus of our hearing today is a recent terrorism response exercise ominously named Dark Winter, during which the unimaginable had to be imagined, a multi-site smallpox attack on an unvaccinated American populace. The scenario called upon those playing the President, the National Security Council, and State officials to deal with the crippling consequences of what quickly became a massive public health and national security crisis." Statements, letters, and material submitted for the record include those of the following: John Hamre, Frank Keating, Sam Nunn, Margaret Hamburg, Jerome Hauer, D.A. Henderson, Ronald O. Harrison, William A. Cugno, Fred Reese, James Hughes, James LeDuc, Patricia Quinlisk, Jeffrey Duchin, and Christopher Shays.
United States. Government Printing Office
2002
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 3678, Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Act
From the Summary: "S. 3678 would amend the Public Health Service Act to establish the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) as the primary federal agency for coordinating the response to public health and medical emergencies. The bill would authorize funding for certain activities that would support the readiness of the public health system to address those emergencies. It also would authorize funding for information technology and for grants to encourage individuals to work in needed public health areas. Other provisions of the bill would reauthorize a program to improve the capacity of medical facilities responding to public health emergencies and would authorize new funding for expanding and training the public health workforce. It also would require the Secretary of HHS to evaluate how federal assets could aid in supporting surge capacity and authorize the Secretary to waive certain hospital requirements when developing pandemic flu plans. CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing S. 3678 would cost $297 million in 2007 and about $6 billion over the 2007-2011 period, assuming the appropriation of the necessary amounts. Enacting the bill would not affect direct spending or receipts."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2006-08-04
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 5535, Prevention of Civil RICO Abuse Act of 2006
"CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that enacting H.R. 5535 would have no significant impact on the federal budget. H.R. 5535 contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act and would not affect the budgets of state, local, or tribal governments. Enacting H.R. 5535 would prevent any foreign governmental entity from seeking reparations under the civil remedies provision outlined in the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) Act except for cases involving assistance to terrorist organizations. As a result, cases currently filed by such entities would no longer be adjudicated by the U.S. Courts. Based on information from the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts, H.R. 5535 would likely have little impact on overall caseload. Therefore, CBO estimates that implementing this legislation would have no significant impact on the federal budget."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2006-07-25
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 5814, Department of Homeland Security Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007
From the Summary: "Public Law 109-295, the Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act for 2007, provided $33.7 billion to the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) for 2007 operations. CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that H.R. 5814 would authorize the appropriation of $34.8 billion for fiscal year 2007 to fund DHS operations - about $1 billion more than the amount appropriated thus far in 2007. In addition, CBO estimates that the bill would authorize the appropriation of nearly $10 billion for the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) and a few other programs within DHS over the 2008-2012 period. CBO estimates that implementing H.R. 5814 would result in new discretionary spending of $10.4 billion over the 2007-2012 period in addition to the amounts already appropriated to DHS for 2007."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2006-10-17
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 5782, Pipeline Safety Improvement Act of 2006
From the Summary: "Under current law, the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) within the Department of Transportation (DOT) oversees the safety of pipelines that carry either gas or hazardous liquids and provides grants to states for pipeline safety programs. For these activities, H.R. 5782 would authorize gross appropriations of about $330 million over the 2007-2010 period. Under the bill, about $253 million of those appropriations would be offset by the collection of fees paid by pipeline operators over the five-year period. In addition, the bill would authorize the appropriation of $24 million over the 2007-2010 period for PHMSA to provide grants to local governments for emergency management and would authorize the appropriation of $8 million over the period for grants to state programs that help excavators coordinate their work with the operators of underground pipelines and grants to local communities to improve pipeline safety. Finally, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing certain studies and rules required by the bill would cost about $1 million over the 2007-2010 period, assuming appropriation of the necessary amounts. Assuming appropriation of the authorized amounts, CBO estimates that implementing H.R. 5782 would have a net cost of $93 million over the 2007-2011 period. Enacting H.R. 5782 also would affect revenues, but CBO estimates that such effects would not be significant. Enacting the bill would not affect direct spending."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2006-09-13
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 5808, Public Transportation Security Assistance Act of 2006
From the Summary: "H.R. 5808 would authorize the Secretary of Transportation to provide grants to transit agencies to improve the security of transit systems and grants to operators of over-the-road buses to improve the security of buses and bus terminals. (Over-the-road buses are characterized by an elevated passenger deck above a baggage compartment.) The bill also would authorize the Secretary to cover the costs of the Information Sharing and Analysis Center (ISAC) for Public Transportation. For these activities, H.R. 5808 would authorize the appropriation of about $3.5 billion over the 2007-2009 period. Assuming appropriation of the authorized amounts, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing H.R. 5808 would cost nearly $3 billion over the 2007-2011 period and more than $500 million after 2011. CBO estimates that enacting the legislation would not affect direct spending or revenues. In addition to authorizing appropriations for grants and for the ISAC, the bill would require the Department of Transportation (DOT) to assess the security of over-the-road bus facilities, report to the Congress on the use of the grants for transit security, and issue guidelines for training transit employees to respond to threats. Assuming the appropriation of the necessary amounts, CBO estimates that implementing these provisions would cost about $1 million each year over the 2007-2009 period."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2006-08-17
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: Maritime Administration Improvement Act of 2006
From the Summary: "The Maritime Administration Improvement Act would amend various laws governing the activities of the Maritime Administration (MARAD). Several provisions of the bill would allow MARAD to spend, without further appropriation actions, certain collections from regulatory fees and legal damages. CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that enacting these provisions would increase direct spending by $5 million over the 2007-2011 period and by $10 million over the 2007-2016 period. We estimate that implementing other provisions would have no significant impact on the federal budget because they would not change MARAD's responsibilities under maritime laws. The legislation contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) and would impose no costs on state, local, or tribal governments."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2006-08-17
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 5768, Victim Act of 2022
From the Document: "H.R. 5768 would direct the Department of Justice to establish a program to award grants to state, local, and tribal law enforcement agencies to improve the rate at which they solve crimes. Grants could be used for retaining or hiring detectives, upgrading forensic equipment, and ensuring victims of crimes have access to necessities, such as food and housing. Grant recipients would be required to report annually on how their funds were used, and the National Institute of Justice would be required to evaluate recipients' ability to improve solving crimes and report to the Congress on the results every two years. H.R. 5768 would authorize the appropriation of $100 million for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2032. Of the amounts appropriated, 10 percent must be awarded to tribal law enforcement agencies. Using historical spending patterns, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing the bill would cost $377 million over the 2022-2027 period and an additional $500 million over the 2028-2032 period. Such spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2022-07-28
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 479, A Bill to Replace a Coastal Barrier Resources System Map Relating to Coastal Barrier Resources System Grayton Beach Unite FL-95P in Walton County, Florida
"H.R. 479 would update a map of the Coastal Barrier Resources System (CBRS) in Walton County, Florida. CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that enacting H.R. 479 would have no significant impact on the federal budget. The bill could affect direct spending, but we expect that any net change would be negligible. Enacting the bill would not affect revenues. The bill contains no intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act and would impose no costs on state, local, or tribal governments. H.R. 479 would revise the CBRS map for the Grayton Beach Unit to exclude 26 acres of private land and to include 1,562 acres of state park land. Excluding the private acreage would enable owners of about 50 home lots to retain or purchase federal flood insurance. CBO estimates that, relative to current law, implementing H.R. 479 would increase premium collections of the national flood insurance fund by less than $500,000 annually. Such collections would be partially offset each year by new mandatory spending for underwriting and administrative expenses. In addition, premium collections might be offset in some years by new flood insurance claims."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2006-08-11
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S. Rept. 117-132: Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023, Report Together with Additional Views, to Accompany S. 4503, July 20, 2022
From the Document: "The Select Committee on Intelligence, having considered an original bill (S. 4503) to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2023 for intelligence and intelligence-related activities of the United States Government, the Intelligence Community Management Account, the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability System, and for other purposes, reports favorably thereon and recommends that the bill do pass."
United States. Government Publishing Office
2022-07-20
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Report on Internal Investigations and Employee Accountability, Fiscal Year 2021
From the Introduction: "As the United States' unified border entity and largest law enforcement agency, CBP [U.S. Customs and Border Protection] takes a comprehensive approach to border management and control, combining border security, immigration, trade, and agriculture protection into one coordinated mission. The workforce is comprised of 64,000 employees including law enforcement personnel and civilians working in administrative, professional, technical, and scientific positions. Operating in such a complex threat environment requires tremendous focus and a commitment to the highest standards of professionalism and integrity. The conduct of our employees, both on and off duty, forms the basis of public trust. The American people have entrusted us to protect the homeland and much of what we do draws high levels of public attention and scrutiny. Guided by the highest ethical and moral principles, and exhibiting the highest level of professional responsibility, CBP employees strive to maintain public trust and confidence of the communities we serve and protect. However, like all border agencies in the world, CBP remains vulnerable to the potential for corruption and misconduct within its workforce. CBP takes all allegations of misconduct seriously, investigates thoroughly, and holds employees accountable when policies are violated."
U.S. Customs and Border Protection
2021
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 5766, Government Efficiency Act of 2006
"H.R. 5766 would authorize the President (through executive orders) and the Congress (through joint resolutions) to create Federal Review Commissions to review the performance and effectiveness of federal programs and agencies. The bill also would provide fast-track legislative authority for Congressional action on any recommendations resulting from those reviews. The legislative recommendations could include the reorganization, consolidation, abolishment, expansion, or transfer of the programs and agencies reviewed. Each commission, consisting of seven voting members and up to four ex-officio members, would be appointed by the President in consultation with the Congress. Members would serve without pay but would be reimbursed for travel expenses. The commissions could hire staff or use personnel from other agencies. The commissions would terminate 90 days after submitting their final report and legislative recommendations. The costs of creating review commissions would vary depending on the number of agencies and programs reviewed, the level of detail involved, and the depth of the analysis. CBO [Congressional Budget Office] expects that complying with the bill's provisions would increase costs that are subject to the availability of appropriations."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2006-07-24
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Immigration: Policy Considerations Related to Guest Worker Programs [March 16, 2010]
From the Summary: "The United States has two main programs for temporarily importing low-skilled workers, or guest workers. Agricultural guest workers enter through the H-2A visa program, and other guest workers enter through the H-2B visa program. Before an employer can file a petition with the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to import workers under either program, the employer must apply to the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) for a certification that U.S. workers capable of performing the work are not available and that the employment of alien workers will not adversely affect the wages and working conditions of similarly employed U.S. workers. Other requirements of the programs differ. In December 2008, DHS and DOL published final rules to significantly amend their H-2A and H- 2B regulations. The new rules became effective on January 17, 2009. Under the Obama Administration, DOL proposed a new H-2A rule to replace the 2008 rule. This rule was published in final form in February 2010 and went into effect on March 15, 2010. The Administration left intact the 2008 H-2A rule issued by DHS and the 2008 H-2B rules issued by DHS and DOL."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Bruno, Andorra
2010-03-16
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: S. 2453, National Security Surveillance Act of 2006
From the Summary: "S. 2453 would modify the rules and procedures the government must follow to use electronic surveillance programs in the investigation of international terrorism. The legislation would amend the definition of electronic surveillance under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) to remove the current distinction between treatment of wire and radio communications, and to focus FISA protections on domestic communications. The legislation also would expand the ability of the government to conduct electronic surveillance without a warrant in certain cases where the target of the surveillance is an agent of a foreign power. [...] CBO [Congressional Budget Office] has no basis for predicting how the volume or type of surveillance would be changed if S. 2453 were enacted. Furthermore, information regarding surveillance techniques and their associated costs are classified. For these reasons, CBO cannot estimate the impact on the federal budget of implementing S. 2453."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2006-10-03
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 5695, Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Act of 2006
From the Summary: "H.R. 5695 would authorize the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to regulate the security of chemical facilities across the United States. Under the bill, DHS would identify such facilities and estimate the level of risk they pose to the nation's security. DHS would develop regulations to require the owners and operators of those facilities to perform vulnerability assessments and to establish site security plans. The legislation would establish a chemical security office at DHS headquarters that would be responsible for overseeing the requirements under this legislation, including conducting audits and inspections of the nation's chemical facilities. In addition, DHS would be responsible for maintaining the information it receives on chemical facilities in a secure location. Finally, H.R. 5695 would require DHS to establish a program to train government officials and owners and operators of chemical facilities to inspect and evaluate chemical facilities and to oversee security and evacuation plans at those facilities. CBO [Congressional Budget Office] estimates that implementing H.R. 5695 would cost $230 million over the next five years for DHS to regulate and oversee an estimated 15,000 to 18,000 chemical facilities, assuming appropriation of the necessary amounts. Enacting H.R. 5695 could affect direct spending and receipts because the bill would establish new civil and criminal penalties against owners and operators of chemical facilities and officers or employees of federal, state, or local government agencies who fail to comply with the bill's requirements. However, CBO estimates that any collections from such civil and criminal penalties would not be significant."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2006-08-31
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Letter from CBO Acting Director Donald B. Marron to Members of the U.S. House Committee on Ways and Means Regarding [the Amendment in the Nature of a Substitute to H.R. 4157, Health Information Technology Promotion Act of 2006] [July 27, 2006]
From the Letter: "At your request, the Congressional Budget Office [CBO] has reviewed the amendment in the nature of a substitute to H.R. 4157, the Health Information Technology Promotion Act of 2006, as specified in H. Res. 952, which was reported by the Committee on Rules on July 26, 2006. The amendment to H.R. 4157 would amend the Public Health Service Act (PHSA) to codify the establishment and responsibilities of the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology. [...] The bill would authorize the appropriation of $20 million in each of the fiscal years 2007 and 2008 for grants to facilitate the adoption of certain health information technology. In addition, the deadline for updated standards for coding medical services would affect administrative costs for the Medicare program, which are subject to appropriation - resulting in added costs initially, and savings in subsequent years. Assuming appropriation of the necessary amounts, CBO estimates that implementing the bill would increase discretionary spending by $163 million over the 2007-2011 period and reduce such spending by $114 million over the succeeding five years."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
Marron, Donald B. (Baird)
2006-07-27
