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• Treaties and Other International Agreements: The Role of the United States Senate: A Study Prepared for the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, by the Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, January 2001

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  S. PRT. 106-71: Study summarizes the history of the treatymaking provisions of the Constitution and international and domestic law on treaties and other international agreements, traces the process of making treaties from their negotiation to their entry into force, implementation, and termination, and examines differences between treaties and executive agreements as well as procedures for congressional oversight. Document is a revised and updated version of the study "Treaties and Other International Agreements: The Role of the United States Senate," last published in 1993. The new edition covers the subject matter through the 106th Congress.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2001
• S. Hrg. 106-1011: Caribbean Drug Trafficking: Return of the Caribbean Connection: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Criminal Justice Oversight of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, Second Session, May 9, 2000

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  From the opening statement of Strom Thurmond: "Today's hearing is concerned with the increasing use of the Caribbean by narcotics trafficking organizations as a transshipment point for smuggling drugs, primarily cocaine and heroin, into the United States." Statements, letters, and material submitted for the record include those of the following: Mike DeWine, Patrick Leahy, Strom Thurmond, John E. Shkor, Michael S. Vigil, and John C. Varrone.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2001
• Pandemic Unemployment Assistance: Federal Program Supported Contingent Workers Amid Historic Demand, but DOL Should Examine Racial Disparities in Benefit Receipt

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  From the Highlights: "In response to widespread unemployment caused by the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic, the CARES [Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security] Act created the federal PUA [Pandemic Unemployment Assistance] program. The first program of its kind and scale, PUA temporarily expanded unemployment benefits to workers generally ineligible for UI [unemployment insurance], such as self-employed and contingent workers--those without traditional employment arrangements. The CARES Act includes a provision for GAO [Government Accountability Office] to monitor federal efforts to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. This report examines (1) how state implementation of PUA varied, (2) how the pandemic affected contingent workers in selected states, and to what extent the UI system assisted them, and (3) how PUA benefit receipt varied by demographic characteristics. GAO interviewed officials from DOL and five states selected for variation in claims volume and implementation timing. GAO also analyzed PUA data obtained from the selected states and data DOL collects from all states. In two states, GAO held discussions with contingent workers who applied for PUA. GAO also reviewed relevant federal law and program guidance."

  United States. Government Accountability Office

  2022-06
• S. Hrg. 106-880: Iranian Weapons Programs: The Russian Connection: Hearing and Public Meeting before the Subcommittee on Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs and the Subcommittee on European Affairs of the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, Second Session, October 5, 2000

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  S. Hrg. 106-880: Testimony addresses the key question of whether WMD proliferation in Iran has ended, and provides evidence that transfers of WMD and advanced conventional weapons from Russia to Iran continue unabated. Statements indicate that the US efforts to terminate Russia's nuclear coopration with Iran are insufficient, and highlight the Iranian government's anti-Western policies, support for international terrorist organizations, and efforts to develop and deploy weapons. The main points are: Russia's role in Iran's weapons program, the role that it likely is to play in the foreseeable future, and what the United States can do to more effectively curb this lethal partnership. Statements, letters, and material submitted for the record include those of the following: American Jewish Committee's, June 2000 report entitled "Iran and Weapons of Mass Destruction", Sam Brownback, Robert J. Einhorn, John A. Lauder, and Gordon H. Smith.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2001
• S. Hrg. 106-848: Countering the Changing Threat of International Terrorism: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Technology, Terrorism, and Government Information of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, Second Session on the National Commission on Terrorism's Report on Issues Relating to Efforts being Made by the Intelligence and Law Enforcement Communities to Counter, and U.S. Policies Regarding, the Changing Threat of International Terrorism to the United States, June 28, 2000

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  This hearing discusses findings based on a report entitled "Countering the Changing Threat of International Terrorism." Questions include: should U.S. intelligence agencies recruit unsavory people to gather information on terrorists in order to thwart their attacks; should information currently collected on foreign students in the U.S. be consolidated into a national data bank; should the U.S. revise guidelines for monitoring Americans under statutes like the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act; should the U.S. empower DoD to lead response efforts to extraordinary terrorist incidents, like a biological weapons attack, in the U.S.; and should we include allies like Greece on a list of nations seen as not fully cooperating with the counterterrorism efforts. Statements, letters, and material submitted for the record include those of the following: Jon Kyl and Dianne Feinstein, Paul L. Bremer, III, Alexander Philon, and a letter from Juliette Kayyem.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2001
• Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: Estimated Budgetary Effects of H.R. 7910, the Protecting Our Kids Act

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  From the Document: "H.R. 7910 would change federal gun laws by creating new federal crimes and expanding federal firearms regulations. Specifically, the bill would: [1] Raise the purchasing age for semiautomatic rifles from 18 to 21; [2] Ban the import, sale, manufacture, transfer, and possession of large-capacity ammunition feeding devices; [3] Establish new federal crimes for gun trafficking and straw purchases; [4] Require gun owners to meet residential gun storage requirements and establish criminal penalties for violating those requirements; [5] Require registration of existing bump-stock-type devices under the National Firearms Act and bar the manufacture, sale, or possession of new bump-stock-type devices for civilian use; and [6] Change the definition of 'ghost gun' and require background checks on all firearm sales[.]"

  United States. Congressional Budget Office

  2022-06-07
• S. Hrg. 106-902: Identity Theft: How to Protect and Restore Your Good Name: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Technology, Terrorism, and Government Information of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, Second Session on Preventing Criminals from Using Technology to Prey Upon Society, Focusing on Identity Theft Prevention Measures and the Implementation of the Identity Theft and Assumption Deterrence Act (P.L. 105-318), July 12, 2000

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  From the opening statement of Jon Kyl: "Today, our subcommittee will hear from six witnesses about the effect of identity theft and the help that victims of identity theft can expect. On the first panel, we are glad to welcome back Jodie Bernstein, who is the current Director of the Bureau of Consumer Protection of the Federal Trade Commission. She will discuss how the FTC has responded to identity theft in carrying out its duties under the 1998 law. She will also discuss what legislative and nonlegislative measures have been taken and what could reduce criminals' access to sensitive data. James G. Huse, the current Inspector General of the Social Security Administration, is our next witness. He will discuss how Social Security numbers are used in the commission of identity theft, what steps can be taken to reduce the role of Social Security numbers in identity theft, why Social Security numbers can be purchased on the Internet for as little as $40, current undercover operations to prevent the sale of Social Security numbers on the Internet, and what is the most common source of Social Security numbers used for identity theft." Statements, letters, and material submitted for the record include those of the following: Jon Kyl, Dianne Feinstein, Jodie Bernstein, Michelle Brown, Steven M. Emmert, Beth Givens, James E. Huse, Jr., and Stuart K. Pratt.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2001
• S. Hrg. 106-1021: Improving the National Instant Criminal Background Check System: Hearing before the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, Second Session, June 21, 2000

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  From the opening statement of Orrin G. Hatch: "Today, the Judiciary Committee will examine the operation of the National Instant Criminal Background Check System, known as NICS, which has been in use for approximately 1 1/2 years. The question over how best to prevent criminals from purchasing firearms has stirred a great deal of debate during the past 15 years. The consensus seems to have developed in support of a fully operational NICS system, which I and other Republicans crafted, especially Senator Dole here, and fought hard to enact. The first Senate vote on the NICS proposal was an amendment Senator Stevens and I wrote. Ironically, it was opposed by gun control advocates. Our focus today is the implementation of NICS, a system based on an idea that the overwhelming majority of law-abiding Americans believe in, an instant point-of-sale background check that prevents criminals and other prohibited persons from obtaining firearms. The NICS system has not yet lived up to its promise. Instead of an instant check, we have a system that too often causes needless delay to law-abiding citizens who are simply exercising their constitutional rights." Statements, letters, and material submitted for the record include those of the following: Orrin G. Hatch, Patrick J. Leahy, Charles E. Schumer, Jeff Sessions, Bill McCollum, Thomas Craig, Bob Barr, and Rick Santorum.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2001
• S. Hrg. 106-885: ID Theft: When Bad Things Happen to Your Good Name: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Technology, Terrorism, and Government Information of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, Second Session on Examining the Effectiveness and Funding for the Identity Theft and Assumption Deterrence Act (P.L. 105-318), March 7, 2000

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  From the opening statement of Jon Kyl: "The FTC has recently made available online a number of valuable resources for consumers and victims of identity theft. One such document, called 'ID Theft: When Bad Things Happen to Your Good Name,' contains poignant stories from consumers about how ID thieves have damaged their lives. Assisting crime victims is of critical concern to me and one I know is shared by Chairman Kyl and Senator Feinstein. The 'Identity Theft and Assumption Deterrence Act' provides important remedies for victims of identity fraud. Specifically, the law makes clear that these victims are entitled to restitution, including payment for any costs and attorney's fees in clearing up their credit histories and having to engage in any civil or administrative proceedings to satisfy debts, liens or other obligations resulting from a defendant's theft of their identity. In addition, the new law directs the FTC to keep track of consumer complaints of identity theft and provide information to victims of this crime on how to deal with its aftermath." Statements, letters, and material submitted for the record include those of the following: Jon Kyl, Patrick J. Leahy, Charles E. Grassley, Susan Herman, James G. Huse, Jr., Maureen Mitchell, Jodie Bernstein, and Gregory Regan.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2001
• S. Hrg. 106-867: Countering the Changing Threat of International Terrorism: Report of the National Commission on Terrorism: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, Second Session, June 15, 2000

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  S. Hrg. 106-867: Testimony from the Chairman and Vice Chairman of the National Commission on Terrorism, which issued a bipartisan report that serves as a wake-up call to the unrelenting threat of international terrorism. The report also exposes a pattern in the administration of appeasing terrorist states and coddling governments that are AWOL in the fight against terrorism. Statements, letters, and material submitted for the record include those of the following: Joseph R. Biden, Jr., L. Paul Bremer, Christopher J. Dodd, Jesse Helms, James S. Reynolds, Michael A. Sheehan, Maurice Sonnenberg, and Dale L. Watson. Senator Helms' submissions include the following: Chart entitled "Anti-U.S. Terrorist Acts in Greece: 1975-2000 (1st qtr.)", Chart entitled "Greek Terrorist/Anarchist Attacks on European Targets: 1990-2000 (1st qtr.)", and an article by Oliver North entitled "Tackling Terrorism".

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2001
• Unemployment Insurance: Transformation Needed to Address Program Design, Infrastructure, and Integrity Risks, Report to Congressional Addressees

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  From the Highlights: "A high-risk designation is intended to help spur progress in areas needing transformation. The UI [Unemployment Insurance] system has faced long-standing challenges with effective service delivery and program integrity. The historic levels of job loss during the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic worsened existing challenges. Congress created four new UI programs to support workers during the pandemic. However, unprecedented demand for benefits and the need to quickly implement the new programs presented challenges for states and increased risks of improper payments, including from fraud. This report examines (1) challenges in responding to the needs of unemployed workers and economic changes; (2) risks of improper payments, including from fraud; (3) the extent to which UI experienced impaired performance and financial loss; and (4) potential options for UI transformation suggested by stakeholder panels. [...] GAO [Government Accountability Office] recommends that DOL [Department of Labor] develop and implement a plan for transforming UI that meets GAO's high-risk criteria for transformations. DOL agreed with the recommendation and described actions it is taking to address it."

  United States. Government Accountability Office

  2022-06
• Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 7683, Artificial Intelligence Training for the Acquisition Workforce Act

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  From the Document: "Artificial Intelligence (AI) allows computer systems to perform tasks that require human intelligence. H.R. 7683 would require the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) to establish a training program to provide federal procurement officials with an introductory understanding of the operational benefits and privacy risks of AI. Using information from OMB and other agencies about current efforts to use AI across the federal government, CBO [Congressional Budget Office] anticipates that OMB would need five full-time employees to create and manage the training program. CBO estimates that staff salaries and technology costs to deliver the training would total $2 million annually. Accounting for the time needed to hire new employees and develop the training, CBO estimates that implementing the bill would cost $10 million over the 2022-2027 period; such spending would be subject to the availability of appropriated funds."

  United States. Congressional Budget Office

  2022-06-07
• S. Hrg. 107-543: Concurrent Resolution on the Budget for Fiscal Year 2003: Hearings before the Committee on Budget, United States Senate One Hundred Seventh Congress, Second Session

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  This document consists of a number of hearings dealing with budget and economy issues for fiscal year 2003. Hearings presented are: January 23, 24, 2002--the Budget and Economic Outlook; January 29, 2002--the Budget and the Economy; February 5, 6, 12, 13, 14, 2002--the President's Fiscal Year 2003 Budget Proposals; February 7, 2002--the President's Fiscal Year 2003 Budget and Revenue Proposal Debt Management; February 26, 2002--the Effect of the President's Fiscal Year 2003 Budget Proposals on the Army Corps of Engineers, the Federal Highway Administration, and the Department of Education; February 27, 2002--the Long-Term Budgetary Outlook; February 28, 2002--the President's Fiscal Year 2003 Defense Request: Winning the War, Transformation, and Reform Issues; and March 6, 2002--the Congressional Budget Office's Analysis of the President's Proposals for Fiscal Year 2003. Witnesses to these hearings include: Robert L. Bixby, Robert Chase, Dan L. Crippen, Mitchell E. Daniels Jr., Robert B. Flowers, Alan Greenspan, Larry King, Jacob J. Lew, Michael E. O'Hanlon, Paul O'Neill, Peter R. Orszag, Michael Parker, Mary E. Peters, Colin L. Powell, Robert D. Reischauer, Richard Santos, Thomas A. Till, Loren B. Thompson, Tommy G. Thompson, David M. Walker, Brian S. Wesbury, Josh S. Weston, and Paul Wolfowitz.

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2001
• H. Rept. 106-1035, Part 1: Nuclear Secrets Safety Act of 2000, Report to Accompany H.R. 4737, December 15, 2000

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  "The Committee on Armed Services, to whom was referred the bill (H.R. 4737) to require an inventory of documents and devices containing Restricted Data at the national security laboratories of the Department of Energy, to improve security procedures for access to the vaults containing Restricted Data at those laboratories, and for other purposes, having considered the same, report favorably thereon with amendments and recommend that the bill as amended do pass. […] The purpose of H.R. 4737 is to enhance security controls over the handling of classified nuclear weapons information at the national security laboratories of the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) of the Department of Energy (DOE). As amended by the committee, the bill would require the Administrator for Nuclear Security to conduct an inventory of each document or device containing classified nuclear weapons information and to assess the use of polygraphic examinations as a prerequisite to access to such information. H.R. 4737 would also specify the procedures required to gain access to document storage vaults at the national security laboratories and would establish minimum standards for electronic locks for use in the safeguarding of classified nuclear weapons information."

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2000-12-15
• Evaluating and Improving NIST Cybersecurity Resources: The Cybersecurity Framework and Cybersecurity Supply Chain Risk Management

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  From the Summary: "The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is seeking information to assist in evaluating and improving its cybersecurity resources, including the 'Framework for Improving Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity' (the 'NIST Cybersecurity Framework,' 'CSF' or 'Framework') and a variety of existing and potential standards, guidelines, and other information, including those relating to improving cybersecurity in supply chains. NIST is considering updating the NIST Cybersecurity Framework to account for the changing landscape of cybersecurity risks, technologies, and resources. In addition, NIST recently announced it would launch the National Initiative for Improving Cybersecurity in Supply Chains (NIICS) to address cybersecurity risks in supply chains. This wide-ranging public-private partnership will focus on identifying tools and guidance for technology developers and providers, as well as performance-oriented guidance for those acquiring such technology. To inform the direction of the NIICS, including how it might be aligned and integrated with the Cybersecurity Framework, NIST is requesting information that will support the identification and prioritization of supply chain-related cybersecurity needs across sectors. Responses to this RFI [request for information] will inform a possible revision of the Cybersecurity Framework as well as the NIICS initiative."

  United States. Office of the Federal Register

  2022-02-22
• NIST Roadmap for Improving Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity, Version 1.1

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  From the Introduction: "This companion Roadmap to the 'Framework for Improving Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity' (Cybersecurity Framework or the Framework) describes the National Institute of Standards and Technology's (NIST's) next steps with the Framework, and identifies key areas of development, alignment, and collaboration. This Roadmap reflects revisions to the original planning document released in February 2014 when Version 1.0 of the Framework was released, and contains updates corresponding with Framework Version 1.1 issued in April 2018." Version 1.0 of "NIST Roadmap for Improving Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity," can be found here: [https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did=749722].

  National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.)

  2019-04-25
• Public Law 106-544: Presidential Threat Protection Act of 2000

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  "An Act to amend section 879 of title 18, United States Code, to provide clearer coverage over threats against former Presidents and members of their families, and for other purposes."

  United States. Government Printing Office

  2000-12-19
• Congressional Budget Office Estimate of the Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Effects of H.R. 7776, the Water Resources Development Act of 2022

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  From the Document: "H.R. 7776 would authorize the Army Corps of Engineers to construct projects and conduct feasibility studies to improve navigation and flood management, mitigate storm and hurricane damage, and restore ecosystems. Enacting the bill would decrease direct spending by $1 million over the 2022-2032 period and would not affect revenues. CBO [Congressional Budget Office] has not completed an estimate of the bill's effects on spending subject to appropriation or identified intergovernmental or private-sector mandates as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act."

  United States. Congressional Budget Office

  2022-06-08
• Flashman's Revenge: Central Asia after September 11

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  "This article asks and attempts to respond to several questions: How important is Central Asia to the United States? What is the nature of U.S. interest in the region? What role should the United States play in Central Asia: security manager, hegemon, limited partner? Defining the right role for the United States in Central Asia is no easy task. The region is geographically remote, unknown to much of the American public, and not easily accessible. It has few evident connections to the United States. U.S. interests in Central Asia- beyond the most basic ones such as peace, stability, and alleviation of human suffering, as well as those associated with terrorism-are not easy to identify in ways that the American people and their leaders would readily embrace. Moreover, the early record of U.S. engagement in Central Asia immediately after the breakup of the Soviet Union and through the 1990s was not a positive one, resulting in mutual disappointments in Washington and the Central Asian capitals. That record offers important lessons that will be considered in the article."

  National Defense University. Institute for National Strategic Studies

  Rumer, Eugene B., 1958-

  2002-12
• Collision Avoidance: US-Russian Bilateral Relations and Former Soviet States

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  "Relations between the United States and Russia are entering a delicate phase. American involvement on the Russian periphery is reaching unprecedented proportions even as a consensus has emerged in Russia that these areas constitute its exclusive sphere of influence. U.S. efforts in the former Soviet states are simply an extension of the global war on terrorism and are intended to provide security and stability to countries still struggling with independence. But to many Russians, the U.S. military presence in Central Asia and security assistance to many former Soviet states seem to be deliberate attempts at encirclement. This perception creates an atmosphere ripe for miscalculation and even confrontation. To avoid a collision, Washington and Moscow should initiate a dialogue on their respective activities in former Soviet lands to develop tacit rules in pursuing their interests. This effort should eschew any inclination to divide former Soviet lands into spheres of influence. Rather, both governments should give each other ample warning of their activities and seek solutions to their differences. Russian support for or noninterference with American endeavors in former Soviet states would enhance their chances for success. But Moscow can also undermine these efforts, a turn of events that could seriously damage bilateral relations."

  National Defense University. Institute for National Strategic Studies

  Rumer, Eugene B., 1958-

  2004-04
• Russia

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  Russia enters the new decade amidst significantly lowered expectations. Its domestic prospects look dim. Its prospects as a major player in the international arena are equally dim as a result of its domestic weakness and inability to articulate, let alone implement a coherent foreign policy agenda. The decade of the 1990s, with Russia in transition and the object of expectations of its imminent resurgence as a major power, has been succeeded by a new stage during which it has become increasingly likely that Russian transition--if it is a transition--probably will last even longer than previously thought. Thus, instead of prejudging the outcome of that transition and assuming the inevitability of a Russian comeback, as students of Russian affairs inside and outside of Russia have long done, the policy community needs to adjust its view of the country. There is nothing inevitable about Russia's comeback. It will not bounce back from its troubles any time soon. Its current decline may well continue indefinitely. For the foreseeable future and from the standpoint of U.S. policy and interests, the United States has to deal with a weak and retreating Russia whose residual international ambitions will usually exceed its capabilities and whose principal near-term challenge will be downsizing in a predictable, responsible manner. Despite its diminished international stature and domestic circumstances, the country's geography and nuclear arsenal preclude "forgetting Russia" as a realistic option for U.S. policy. The recommended course is an agenda of focused but limited engagement with Russia on key issues of strategic stability, weapons of mass destruction (WMD) proliferation, and select regional concerns on Russia's periphery where U.S. interests are at stake.

  National Defense University. Institute for National Strategic Studies

  Rumer, Eugene B., 1958-

  2001
• Normalizing U.S.-Russian Relations

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  "Ten years after the Cold War, the United States is still looking for an organizing principle to guide policy toward Russia. Because of its systemic weakness, neither partnership nor competition is an appropriate concept Washington should put aside its search for a comprehensive concept in dealing with Moscow and pursue a case-by-case approach rooted in specific U.S. interests. Priority interests involve a redefined strategic relationship, including Russian acquiescence to national missile defense; collaboration by Moscow in combating the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and other destabilizing technologies; and inducing Russia to base its behavior on respect for the international norms to which it is committed. The United States should be prepared to deemphasize other issues, such as conventional arms sales, that do not threaten core national interests. The Bush administration needs to communicate its intent to respect Russian interests, while making it clear that a productive relationship will depend primarily on Russian willingness to adhere to the values shared by the United States and other democratic nations. The choice of what kind of relationship Russia wants is largely in its own hands. However, Russia's chaotic policymaking and the mismatch between its ambitions and capabilities preclude resolving key bilateral issues. Therefore, prospects for engaging Russia constructively appear dim and the United States will have to go it alone in areas where Russian acquiescence is lacking."

  National Defense University. Institute for National Strategic Studies

  Sokolsky, Richard; Rumer, Eugene B., 1958-

  2001-04
• Toward a Euro-Atlantic Strategy for the Black Sea Region

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  "The Black Sea region is increasingly important to Europe and the United States as a major east-west energy supply bridge and as a barrier against many transnational threats. The security environment in the region is a product of diverse interests of littoral states and their neighbors. Some of these interests coincide with those of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) members, while others reflect a unique regional security agenda. As the continent's principal security organization, NATO must address that regional agenda if it is to succeed in its goal of building bridges to the region and erecting secure barriers to threats emanating from it. This environment warrants a Euro-Atlantic strategy to bolster institutions and activities initiated by Black Sea littoral states as a means to temper regional suspicion and rivalries inimical to stability and broader mutual interests. […] NATO governments could engage partners in a Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council/Partnership for Peace (PFP) Working Group consisting of littoral states and others in the greater Black Sea region to identify common security concerns […]. Certain littoral states could be encouraged to take the lead in various initiatives: (1) supporting Turkey's Black Sea Naval Cooperation Task Group and Black Sea Harmony initiatives and linking them to relevant NATO operations in the eastern Mediterranean; (2) encouraging regional cooperation in airspace reconnaissance; (3) supporting counterdrug, counter-crime, and counterterrorism cooperation; and (4) deepening civilian-military emergency planning cooperation."

  National Defense University. Institute for National Strategic Studies

  Simon, Jeffrey, 1942-; Rumer, Eugene B., 1958-

  2006-04
• U.S.-Russian Relations: Towards a New Strategic Framework

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  "President Vladimir Putin's support for the global war on terrorism demonstrates his strong commitment to Russia's integration with the West. His determination has survived several crucial early tests, notably the U.S. decision to withdraw from the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty, U.S. military deployments to Central Asia, and the prospect of Baltic States becoming members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Putin's new course has not been well received by the Russian national security establishment. The United States cannot take Russia's newfound pragmatism for granted. Sustaining positive relations with Russia will not be cost-free, but it is a promising investment in a relationship and a region whose importance after September 11 has taken on a new meaning. A strong, friendly Russia can help bolster stability and security in Eurasia and combat terrorism and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD). Russia's Westward progress would be encouraged by several developments: a bilateral strategic framework that constrains American ability to reconstitute a vast nuclear arsenal and provides reassurances that future U.S. missile defenses will not negate Russian retaliatory capabilities; a new NATO-Russia relationship in the management of European security affairs; transparency measures concerning U.S. military operations in Central Asia; and multilateral relief from Soviet- era debt and other forms of financial assistance linked to restraints on WMD exports and more effective controls on weapons-grade material."

  National Defense University. Institute for National Strategic Studies

  Sokolsky, Richard; Rumer, Eugene B., 1958-

  2002-05
• Peering into the Crystal Ball: Holistically Assessing the Future of Warfare

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  From the Webpage: "'Where will the next war occur? Who will fight in it? Why will it occur? How will it be fought? This brief summarizes a series of reports that sought to answer these questions--looking out from now until 2030. The reports took the approach of examining these questions through the lenses of several trends--geopolitical, economic, environmental, legal, informational, and military--that will shape the contours of conflict.'"

  RAND Corporation

  Klein, Kurt; Efron, Shira; Cohen, Raphael S. . . .

  2020
• Advancing America's Space Characterization Ecosystem: An Organizational, Technological, and Data-Driven Approach to Addressing Tomorrow's Space Conflicts

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  From the Abstract: "This study aims to provide organizational and technological recommendations to the burgeoning problems associated with the congested and contested space domain. The authors contribute to the lexicon by offering a novel concept entitled the space characterization ecosystem to better define the nuances of relationships and responsibilities in the space domain while adding clarity to the global nature of the problem. The study also offers a space characterization ecosystem data architectural construct to address the complex data issues to provide leaders decision-ready information. Through a historical and contemporary analysis of the evolution of the space situational awareness and space domain awareness arenas, the authors establish the significant role that the new space characterization ecosystems plays in American space security interests now and in the future. This work contributes to the discussion with a broad investigation of relevant organizations in the military, commercial, and intelligence community sectors that capture historical context to provide various organizational and technical recommendations to the space community. Space scholars, enthusiasts, operators, engineers, and leaders may find motivation to address the problem of gaining and maintaining freedom of action and freedom of maneuver in a highly contested and competitive space threat environment. It is the wish of the authors to establish a twenty-first century space characterization ecosystem primer for future generations to assume the leading role in an unending race towards American and allied space security."

  Air University (U.S.). Press

  Holt, Jason; Pambianchi, Johann; Sleeper, Barrett

  2022-05
• Volcano Hazards Program: Strategic Science Plan for 2022-2026

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  From the Executive Summary: "The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Volcano Hazards Program (VHP) Strategic Science Plan, developed through discussion with scientists-in-charge of the USGS volcano observatories and the director of the USGS Volcano Science Center, specifies six major strategic goals to be pursued over the next five years. The purpose of these goals is to help fulfill our mission to enhance public safety and to minimize social and economic disruption caused by volcanic eruptions, through delivery of effective forecasts, warnings, and information on volcano hazards based on scientific understanding of volcanic processes."

  Geological Survey (U.S.); United States. Department of the Interior

  Mandeville, Charles W.; Cervelli, Peter Francis; Avery, Victoria F. . . .

  2022
• McKinsey & Company's Conduct and Conflicts at the Heart of the Opioid Epidemic, Hearing Before the Committee on Oversight and Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventeenth Congress, Second Session, April 27, 2022

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  This is the April 27, 2022 hearing on "McKinsey & Company's Conduct and Conflicts at the Heart of the Opioid Epidemic," held before the U.S. House Committee on Oversight and Reform. From the opening statement of Carolyn B. Maloney: "Our committee has examined the role of Purdue Pharma, which got millions of Americans hooked on the pain killer Oxycontin despite knowing it was highly addictive. We have also investigated the role of the Sackler family, which made billions of dollars fueling a public health crisis that has killed half a million people in our country and counting. Today's hearing focuses on another key driver of the epidemic that operated behind the scenes, the consulting firm McKinsey and Company. For nearly 15 years, McKinsey secretly designed strategies for companies like Purdue to boost sales of addictive painkillers, paving the way for an explosion of drug abuse and overdoses across the country. Documents show that McKinsey created a roadmap for these drug companies to, quote, 'turbo charge,' end quote, opioid sales. Some of the advice McKinsey provided is absolutely shocking beyond belief." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Bob Sternfels, Maura Healey, Uttam Dhillons, and Jessica Tillipman.

  United States. Government Publishing Office

  2022
• Projected Coverage and Subsidy Impacts If the American Rescue Plan's Marketplace Provisions Sunset in 2023

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  From the Background: "The American Rescue Plan (ARP) reduces the amount of income individuals and families are expected to contribute toward premiums for individual market coverage through the Marketplace exchanges and extends premium tax credits to households with income above 400 percent of the federal poverty level (FPL). Previous ASPE analyses have shown the impacts of the ARP in lowering Marketplace premiums and improving plan affordability through increased access to zero- and low-premium plans on the HealthCare.gov platform. [...] If the ARP premium tax credit provisions are extended, millions of people will continue to benefit from the enhanced and expanded premium subsidies. If the ARP premium tax credit provisions are allowed to sunset, these consumer benefits will be eliminated, likely leading to increases in the number of uninsured and higher out-of-pocket costs for individuals and families purchasing insurance through the Marketplace. This report projects the potential impacts if the ARP premium tax credits expire in 2023, with both national and state level estimates developed using the Comprehensive Assessment of Reform Efforts (COMPARE) microsimulation model."

  United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation. Office of Health Policy

  Branham, Keith; Eibner, Christine; Girosi, Federico . . .

  2022-03-23
• NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards, Release 2.0

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  From the Document: "Under the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA), the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) was assigned 'primary responsibility to coordinate development of a framework that includes protocols and model standards for information management to achieve interoperability of Smart Grid devices and systems…' [EISA Section 1305] There is an urgent need to establish Smart Grid standards and protocols. Some Smart Grid devices, such as smart meters, are being widely deployed. Installation of synchrophasors, sensors that provide real-time assessments of power system health to provide system operators with better information for averting disastrous outages, has accelerated rapidly. By 2013, it is expected that approximately 1,000 of these devices will monitor conditions on the power grid, a dramatic increase since January 2009. In late October 2009, President Obama announced 100 Smart Grid Investment Grant Program awards totaling $3.4 billion. This federal investment leveraged an additional $4.7 billion in commitments from private companies, utilities, cities, and other partners that are forging ahead with plans to install Smart Grid technologies and enable an array of efficiency-maximizing and performance-optimizing applications. At the end of 2009, the number of Smart Grid projects in the United States exceeded 130 projects spread across 44 states and two territories."

  National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.)

  2012-02