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Caribbean Basin Security Initiative [Updated January 15, 2021]
From the Document: "The United States developed the Caribbean Basin Security Initiative (CBSI), a regional U.S. foreign assistance program, in 2009 through a process of dialogue with Caribbean countries. The initiative seeks to reduce illicit trafficking in the region, advance public safety and security, and promote social justice. Because of their geographic location, many Caribbean nations are vulnerable to being used as transit countries for illicit drugs from South America destined for the U.S. and European markets. Strengthened U.S. counternarcotics cooperation with Mexico and Central America--through the Mérida Initiative and the Central America Regional Security Initiative (CARSI)--led U.S. policymakers to anticipate a potential increase in narcotics trafficking through the Caribbean. Many Caribbean countries have also suffered high rates of violent crime, including murder, often associated with drug trafficking activities."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sullivan, Mark P.
2021-01-15
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Latin America and the Caribbean: U.S. Policy Overview [Updated June 30, 2021]
From the Document: "U.S. interests in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) are diverse and include economic, political, security, and humanitarian concerns. Geographic proximity has ensured strong economic linkages between the United States and LAC, with the United States a major trading partner and source of foreign investment for many regional countries. Free-trade agreements (FTAs) have augmented U.S. economic relations with 11 countries in the region. LAC is also a large source of U.S. immigration, both authorized and unauthorized; economic and security conditions are major factors driving migration trends. Curbing the flow of illicit drugs from LAC has been a key component of U.S. relations with the region for decades. The flow of illicit drugs--including heroin, methamphetamine, and fentanyl from Mexico and cocaine from Colombia--poses risks to U.S. public health and safety. Since 2000, Colombia has received support through Plan Colombia and its successor programs. The United States also has sought to forge partnerships with other countries to combat drug trafficking and related violence and to advance citizen security, including through the Mérida Initiative, begun in 2007 to support Mexico; the Central America Regional Security Initiative (CARSI), begun in 2008; and the Caribbean Basin Security Initiative (CBSI), begun in 2009. Another long-standing component of U.S. policy has been support for strengthened democratic governance and the rule of law, including initiatives to support civil society and promote human rights. Although many countries in the region have made strides in democratic political development, several face considerable challenges."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sullivan, Mark P.
2021-06-30
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Moldova: An Overview [Updated August 27, 2021]
From the Document: "Moldova is one of three post-Soviet states--together with Ukraine and Georgia--that has sought greater integration with the West while dealing with separatist territories occupied by Russian forces. Many Members of Congress have long supported Moldova's democratic trajectory and territorial integrity and have called on Russia to respect Moldova's sovereignty and withdraw its military forces. Moldova's political environment has been contentious for years. However, the twin victories of reformist Maia Sandu in the 2020 presidential elections and her pro-European Party of Action and Solidarity (PAS) in 2021 snap parliamentary elections point to renewed efforts to reinvigorate Moldova's governance reforms and boost its European integration efforts. PAS's victory ends years of rule by shifting and unstable parliamentary coalitions that often included allegedly corrupt political forces."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Welt, Cory
2021-08-27
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Dominican Republic [Updated August 26, 2021]
From the Introduction: "The Dominican Republic occupies the eastern two-thirds of the Caribbean island of Hispaniola, which it shares with Haiti. The Dominican Republic is a key U.S. partner in the Caribbean because of its comparatively large size, strong economy, and relative stability. The United States and the Dominican Republic have maintained close commercial ties under the Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) and cooperated on regional security concerns under the Caribbean Basin Security Initiative (CBSI)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Seelke, Clare Ribando; Martin, Rachel L.
2021-08-26
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Caribbean Basin Security Initiative [Updated April 15, 2021]
From the Document: "The United States developed the Caribbean Basin Security Initiative (CBSI), a regional U.S. foreign assistance program, in 2009 through a process of dialogue with Caribbean countries. The initiative seeks to reduce illicit trafficking in the region, advance public safety and security, and promote social justice. Because of their geographic location, many Caribbean nations are vulnerable to being used as transit countries for illicit drugs from South America destined for the U.S. and European markets. Strengthened U.S. counternarcotics cooperation with Mexico and Central America--through the Mérida Initiative and the Central America Regional Security Initiative (CARSI)--led U.S. policymakers to anticipate a potential increase in narcotics trafficking through the Caribbean. Many Caribbean countries have also suffered high rates of violent crime, including murder, often associated with drug trafficking activities."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sullivan, Mark P.
2021-04-15
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Moldova: An Overview [Updated July 11, 2019]
From the Document: "On June 14, 2019, a political crisis in Moldova ended when the formerly ruling Democratic Party of Moldova (PDM) agreed to dissolve the outgoing government in favor of a new, democratically elected coalition. The coalition consists of a reform-oriented, Western-leaning alliance, ACUM (or 'Now') and the socially conservative, Russian-leaning Party of Socialists, which placed first in Moldova's February 2019 elections. The coalition came together to unseat the PDM; given the parties' differing policy orientations, it is uncertain how long it will last. Moldova is one of three post-Soviet states, together with Ukraine and Georgia, that have sought greater integration with the West while coping with separatist territories occupied by Russian forces. Many Members of Congress have long supported Moldova's democratic trajectory and territorial integrity and have called on Russia to respect Moldova's sovereignty and to withdraw its military forces."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Welt, Cory
2019-07-11
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Moldova: An Overview [Updated April 18, 2019]
From the Document: "Moldova is one of three post-Soviet states, together with Ukraine and Georgia, that have sought greater integration with the West while coping with separatist territories occupied by Russian forces. Moldova is located near the Black Sea between Ukraine and Romania."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Welt, Cory
2019-04-18
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Moldova: An Overview [July 25, 2018]
"Moldova is one of three post-Soviet states, together with Ukraine and Georgia, seeking greater integration with the West as it copes with separatist territories occupied by Russian forces. A small, landlocked state, Moldova is located near the Black Sea between Ukraine and Romania."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Welt, Cory
2018-07-25
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Caribbean Basin Security Initiative [Updated March 1, 2019]
"In 2009, the United States developed the Caribbean Basin Security Initiative (CBSI), a regional U.S. foreign assistance program, through a process of dialogue with Caribbean countries. The initiative seeks to reduce illicit trafficking in the region, advance public safety and security, and promote social justice. Because of their geographic location, many Caribbean nations are vulnerable to being used as transit countries for illicit drugs from South America destined for the U.S. and European markets. Strengthened U.S. counternarcotics cooperation with Mexico and Central America--through the Mérida Initiative and the Central America Regional Security Initiative (CARSI)--led U.S. policymakers to anticipate a potential increase in narcotics trafficking through the Caribbean. Many Caribbean countries have also suffered high rates of violent crime, including murder, often associated with drug trafficking activities."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sullivan, Mark P.
2019-03-01
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Caribbean Basin Security Initiative [Updated April 3, 2019]
From the Document: "In 2009, the United States developed the Caribbean Basin Security Initiative (CBSI), a regional U.S. foreign assistance program, through a process of dialogue with Caribbean countries. The initiative seeks to reduce illicit trafficking in the region, advance public safety and security, and promote social justice. Because of their geographic location, many Caribbean nations are vulnerable to being used as transit countries for illicit drugs from South America destined for the U.S. and European markets. Strengthened U.S. counternarcotics cooperation with Mexico and Central America--through the Mérida Initiative and the Central America Regional Security Initiative (CARSI)--led U.S. policymakers to anticipate a potential increase in narcotics trafficking through the Caribbean. Many Caribbean countries have also suffered high rates of violent crime, including murder, often associated with drug trafficking activities."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sullivan, Mark P.
2019-04-03
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Latin America and the Caribbean: U.S. Policy Overview [Updated March 11, 2020]
From the Document: "U.S. interests in Latin America and the Caribbean are diverse and include economic, political, security, and humanitarian concerns. Geographic proximity has ensured strong economic linkages between the United States and the region, with the United States being a major trading partner and source of foreign investment for many Latin American and Caribbean countries. Free trade agreements (FTAs) have augmented U.S. economic relations with 11 countries in the region. The Western Hemisphere is a large source of U.S. immigration, both legal and illegal; geographic proximity and economic and security conditions are major factors driving migration trends. Curbing the flow of illicit drugs from Latin America and the Caribbean has been a key component of U.S. relations with the region and a major interest of Congress for more than four decades. The flow of illicit drugs, including heroin, methamphetamine, and fentanyl from Mexico and cocaine from Colombia, poses risks to U.S. public health and safety. Since 2000, Colombia has received support through Plan Colombia and its successor programs. For over a decade, the United States also has sought to forge close partnerships with other countries to combat drug trafficking and related violence and advance citizen security. These include the Mérida Initiative, begun in 2007 to support Mexico; the Central America Regional Security Initiative (CARSI), begun in 2008; and the Caribbean Basin Security Initiative (CBSI), begun in 2009."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sullivan, Mark P.
2020-03-11
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Dominican Republic [Updated January 2, 2020]
From the Document: "The Dominican Republic occupies the eastern two-thirds of the Caribbean island of Hispaniola, which it shares with Haiti. The Dominican Republic is a key U.S. partner in the Caribbean because of its comparatively large size, strong economy, and stability. In recent years, the United States and the Dominican Republic have maintained close commercial ties under the Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement (CAFTADR) and cooperated on regional security concerns under the Caribbean Basin Security Initiative (CBSI)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Seelke, Clare Ribando
2020-01-02
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Moldova: An Overview [Updated March 9, 2020]
From the Document: "Moldova is one of three post-Soviet states--together with Ukraine and Georgia--that has sought greater integration with the West while dealing with separatist territories occupied by Russian forces. Many Members of Congress have long supported Moldova's democratic trajectory and territorial integrity and have called on Russia to respect Moldova's sovereignty and withdraw its military forces."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Welt, Cory
2020-03-09
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Caribbean Basin Security Initiative [Updated October 10, 2019]
From the Document: "In 2009, the United States developed the Caribbean Basin Security Initiative (CBSI), a regional U.S. foreign assistance program, through a process of dialogue with Caribbean countries. The initiative seeks to reduce illicit trafficking in the region, advance public safety and security, and promote social justice. Because of their geographic location, many Caribbean nations are vulnerable to being used as transit countries for illicit drugs from South America destined for the U.S. and European markets. Strengthened U.S. counternarcotics cooperation with Mexico and Central America--through the Mérida Initiative and the Central America Regional Security Initiative (CARSI)--led U.S. policymakers to anticipate a potential increase in narcotics trafficking through the Caribbean. Many Caribbean countries have also suffered high rates of violent crime, including murder, often associated with drug trafficking activities."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sullivan, Mark P.
2019-10-10
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Caribbean Basin Security Initiative [Updated July 24, 2020]
From the Document: "The United States developed the Caribbean Basin Security Initiative (CBSI), a regional U.S. foreign assistance program, in 2009 through a process of dialogue with Caribbean countries. The initiative seeks to reduce illicit trafficking in the region, advance public safety and security, and promote social justice.Because of their geographic location, many Caribbean nations are vulnerable to being used as transit countries for illicit drugs from South America destined for the U.S. and European markets. Strengthened U.S. counternarcotics cooperation with Mexico and Central America--through the Mérida Initiative and the Central America Regional Security Initiative (CARSI)--led U.S. policymakers to anticipate a potential increase in narcotics trafficking through the Caribbean. Many Caribbean countries have also suffered high rates of violent crime, including murder, often associated with drug trafficking activities."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sullivan, Mark P.
2020-07-24
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Caribbean Basin Security Initiative [Updated July 15, 2019]
From the Document: "In 2009, the United States developed the Caribbean Basin Security Initiative (CBSI), a regional U.S. foreign assistance program, through a process of dialogue with Caribbean countries. The initiative seeks to reduce illicit trafficking in the region, advance public safety and security, and promote social justice. Because of their geographic location, many Caribbean nations are vulnerable to being used as transit countries for illicit drugs from South America destined for the U.S. and European markets. Strengthened U.S. counternarcotics cooperation with Mexico and Central America--through the Mérida Initiative and the Central America Regional Security Initiative (CARSI)--led U.S. policymakers to anticipate a potential increase in narcotics trafficking through the Caribbean. Many Caribbean countries have also suffered high rates of violent crime, including murder, often associated with drug trafficking activities."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sullivan, Mark P.
2019-07-15
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Caribbean Basin Security Initiative [Updated February 13, 2020]
From the Document: "The United States developed the Caribbean Basin Security Initiative (CBSI), a regional U.S. foreign assistance program, in 2009 through a process of dialogue with Caribbean countries. The initiative seeks to reduce illicit trafficking in the region, advance public safety and security, and promote social justice. Because of their geographic location, many Caribbean nations are vulnerable to being used as transit countries for illicit drugs from South America destined for the U.S. and European markets. Strengthened U.S. counternarcotics cooperation with Mexico and Central America--through the Mérida Initiative and the Central America Regional Security Initiative (CARSI)--led U.S. policymakers to anticipate a potential increase in narcotics trafficking through the Caribbean. Many Caribbean countries have also suffered high rates of violent crime, including murder, often associated with drug trafficking activities."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sullivan, Mark P.
2020-02-13
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Caribbean Basin Security Initiative [Updated January 30, 2020]
From the Document: "The United States developed the Caribbean Basin Security Initiative (CBSI), a regional U.S. foreign assistance program, in 2009 through a process of dialogue with Caribbean countries. The initiative seeks to reduce illicit trafficking in the region, advance public safety and security, and promote social justice. Because of their geographic location, many Caribbean nations are vulnerable to being used as transit countries for illicit drugs from South America destined for the U.S. and European markets. Strengthened U.S. counternarcotics cooperation with Mexico and Central America--through the Mérida Initiative and the Central America Regional Security Initiative (CARSI)--led U.S. policymakers to anticipate a potential increase in narcotics trafficking through the Caribbean. Many Caribbean countries have also suffered high rates of violent crime, including murder, often associated with drug trafficking activities."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sullivan, Mark P.
2020-01-30
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Dominican Republic [Updated August 11, 2020]
From the Document: "The Dominican Republic occupies the eastern two-thirds of the Caribbean island of Hispaniola, which it shares with Haiti. The Dominican Republic is a key U.S. partner in the Caribbean because of its comparatively large size, strong economy, and stability. Over the past decade, the United States and the Dominican Republic have maintained close commercial ties under the Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement (CAFTADR) and cooperated on regional security concerns under the Caribbean Basin Security Initiative (CBSI)."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Seelke, Clare Ribando; Martin, Rachel L.
2020-08-11
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Caribbean Basin Security Initiative [Updated August 12, 2020]
From the Document: "The United States developed the Caribbean Basin Security Initiative (CBSI), a regional U.S. foreign assistance program, in 2009 through a process of dialogue with Caribbean countries. The initiative seeks to reduce illicit trafficking in the region, advance public safety and security, and promote social justice.Because of their geographic location, many Caribbean nations are vulnerable to being used as transit countries for illicit drugs from South America destined for the U.S. and European markets. Strengthened U.S. counternarcotics cooperation with Mexico and Central America--through the Mérida Initiative and the Central America Regional Security Initiative (CARSI)--led U.S. policymakers to anticipate a potential increase in narcotics trafficking through the Caribbean. Many Caribbean countries have also suffered high rates of violent crime, including murder, often associated with drug trafficking activities."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sullivan, Mark P.
2020-08-12
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Understanding the Form, Function, and Logic of Clandestine Insurgent and Terrorist Networks: The First Step in Effective Counternetwork Operations
From the Introduction: "Since the events of 11 September 2001, the United States military counternetwork operations, theory, and doctrine have failed to account for the form, function, and logic of clandestine cellular networks used by both interstate insurgencies, such as those in Iraq and Afghanistan, as well as by global insurgencies like al-Qaeda and its associated movements. The failure to understand the form, function, and logic of clandestine cellular networks has led to the incorrect application of counternetwork operations based on ill-informed counternetwork theories. This monograph defines counternetwork operations as a subset of counterinsurgency and counterterrorism operations. Like counterguerrilla operations, counternetwork operations are focused on a specific element of the insurgency. In this case, counternetwork operations are conducted against the clandestine cellular networks within an insurgency, specifically the underground and auxiliary, not the overt guerrilla elements. This is a counter organizational operational construct, not a strategy in-of-itself, as has happened with counterterrorism--a counter 'tactic'--turned strategy. Although counternetwork operations are not specifically discussed in U.S. joint or service doctrine, since 9/11, these operations have been the primary offensive effort of both Special Operations and conventional forces, normally referred to as raids, direct-action, or intelligence-driven operations to capture or kill high-value individuals in the insurgencies in Iraq or Afghanistan, and globally against al-Qaeda and its associated movements."
Joint Special Operations University (U.S.)
Jones, Derek
2012-04
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Debt, Tech and Tension: Addressing COVID-19's Global Fault Lines
From the Document: "We would expect a pandemic crisis to be a catalyst for global change. Yet the specific cascading effects that flow from COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] remain largely undefined. It's not for lack of opportunity. In a flurry of recent diplomatic meetings, leaders of Western nations have set out their plans for dealing with the immediate pandemic crisis and, in their words, 'building back a better world'. If words were deeds, we would be well on the way to that better world. In May 2021, G7 [Group of Seven] foreign and development ministers delivered an 87-paragraph, 12,000+ word statement pronouncing on an exceptionally wide waterfront of issues. Finance ministers and central bank governors followed shortly thereafter with a relatively more restrained 20-paragraph statement. But G7 leaders ramped up the output again with a 25-page, 70-paragraph communiqué following their summit in June. Days later, the same leaders joined with NATO partners and issued another 79- paragraph, 14,000+ word declaration. A good deal of the focus has been on what we have long known: viruses and climate change constitute serious threats to humankind. Sadly, both are now irreversible and will require adaptation. Failure to take mitigating actions on these years ago provide an object lesson in both our national and international institutional shortcomings and the damage that can result. [...] Divided into three sections, this paper suggests that three other cascading risks from the pandemic merit collective actions: rising global debt, growing technological vulnerability and increased great-power tensions."
Canadian Global Affairs Institute
Mank, Randolph
2021-08
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Proposal for Longterm COVID-19 Control: Universal Vaccination, Prophylactic Drugs, Rigorous Mitigation, and International Cooperation
From the Introduction: "Four successive waves of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] have buffeted the United States for the past year and a half. With each wave, we have bet on different measures to push us through: First, public health measures, then drugs and treatments, and now, with our fifth wave, we hold out hope for vaccine-led recovery. But from the outset, we have underestimated this virus and its ability to maneuver the public health battleground; it is escaping the best defenses we are able to muster and finding new avenues of attack. In this paper, I propose a multimodal strategy for long-term COVID control, one that sets up multiple barriers of protection so that we are able to not only contain SARS-CoV-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2] and eliminate COVID-19 as a major life-threatening disease, but also return to a new social and economic life. The strategy uses the best of what we have on hand today--a rapidly growing arsenal of vaccines and antiviral drugs and public health measures-- with an eye towards future improvements and developments."
Brookings Institution. Global Economy and Development
Haseltine, William A.
2021-08
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Russia: The Navalny Poisoning, Chemical Weapons Use, and U.S. Sanctions [Updated August 26, 2021]
From the Document: "On March 2, 2021, U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken determined that in August 2020 the Russian government used a chemical weapon in an attack on opposition figure and anticorruption activist Alexei Navalny in violation of international law and against one of its own nationals. This finding triggered requirements under the Chemical and Biological Weapons Control and Warfare Elimination Act of 1991 (CBW Act; title III, P.L. 102-182; 22 U.S.C. 5601 et seq.). The CBW Act requires the President to impose economic and diplomatic measures that could cut off foreign aid, arms sales, and export licenses for controlled goods, services, and technology, and ratchet up in intensity if certain conditions are not met within 90 days. The March 2021 determination is the second time the United States has determined that Russia has used a chemical weapon and imposed sanctions under the CBW Act."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Rennack, Dianne E.; Welt, Cory
2021-08-26
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Caribbean Basin Security Initiative [Updated August 27, 2021]
From the Document: "The United States developed the Caribbean Basin Security Initiative (CBSI), a regional U.S. foreign assistance program, in 2009 through a process of dialogue with Caribbean countries. The initiative seeks to reduce illicit trafficking in the region, advance public safety and security, and promote social justice. Because of their geographic location, many Caribbean nations are vulnerable to being used as transit countries for illicit drugs from South America destined for the U.S. and European markets. Strengthened U.S. counternarcotics cooperation with Mexico and Central America--through the Mérida Initiative and the Central America Regional Security Initiative (CARSI)--led U.S. policymakers to anticipate a potential increase in narcotics trafficking through the Caribbean. Many Caribbean countries have also suffered high rates of violent crime, including murder, often associated with drug trafficking activities."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Sullivan, Mark P.
2021-08-27
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[Letter from Dennis a. Hunsinger to Elmo E. Collins Regarding the Final Report for the September 9-10, 2008, Exercise of the Off-Site Radiological Emergency Response Plans Site-Specific to the Columbia Generating Station (CGS), December 31, 2008]
From the Letter: "Enclosed is a copy of the final report for the September 9-10, 2008, Exercise of the off-site radiological emergency response plans site-specific to the Columbia Generating Station (CGS). The States of Washington and Oregon and the appropriate counties participated during the exercise and drills. [...] There were Deficiencies identified."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
Hunsinger, Dennis A.
2008-12-31
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[Letter from Michael L. Hammond to Bill Maier Regarding the Final Exercise Report Dated December 15, 2008, for the Columbia Generating Station (CGS) Exercise Conducted on September 9-10, 2008, January 5, 2009]
From the Letter: "I hereby submit a copy (electronically) of the Final Exercise Report dated December 15, 2008, for the Columbia Generating Station (CGS) exercise conducted on September 9-10, 2008. [...] No deficiencies were identified."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
Hammond, Michael L.
2009-01-05
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Arabian Gulf and Security Policy: The Past as Present, the Present as Future
From the Foreword: "In his first monograph for JSOU [Joint Special Operations University] Press, Roby Barrett researched and wrote this paper on security perspectives on the Gulf region of the Middle East from the Arab perspective. In other words, how do the Arab's view security issues in their region. Are they similar to or divergent from the United States view? And most importantly, how will these views affect the long-term relationship between the United States and its regional partners. Unless the world's economy is weaned from heavy reliance on petrochemicals, a highly unlikely possibility in the short- to medium-term timeframe, the Gulf region will remain a critical source of energy resources for the world economy. Access to these supplies will remain a critical, perhaps vital, security concern for the world's industrial economies. In a best-case scenario, the regional countries will establish an effective security regime to defuse regional competitions and prevent interstate conflict, as well as minimize the effectiveness of nonstate actors who might threaten regional trade. Unfortunately, if the past 30 years is any indicator of the future, the scenario is unlikely to be achieved and instability and tension will remain in some areas of the region."
Joint Special Operations University (U.S.)
Barrett, Roby Carol, 1950-
2009-04
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Block by Block: Civic Action in the Battle of Baghdad January-November 2006
From the Foreword: "This monograph describes one facet of the Battle for Baghdad during the period January through November 2006. The story is based on the recollections, notes, and reports of the author, who served with the Multi-National Division, Baghdad (MND�'B) as the G9--the principal staff officer responsible for civic action, Special Operations Forces integration, and counterinsurgency training. In this timeframe MND-B treated civic action as a maneuver function inherent to its operations, and it employed task-organized combat forces to conduct Phase IV (Stability Operations) and Phase V (Enable the Civil Authority) in order to achieve U.S. and Iraqi military objectives. The sources for this report have since been declassified by the U.S. 4th Infantry Division. This division assumed command of the MND-B from the U.S. 3rd Infantry Division on 7 January 2006. The 3rd Infantry Division had just completed a historic year in Baghdad ushering in the elections for the national government to establish democracy in Iraq."
Joint Special Operations University (U.S.)
Bogart, Adrian T.
2007
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Report of Proceedings 6th Sovereign Challenge Conference: Borders & Security: Similarities, Differences, and Shared Affinities 7-10 November 2010, El Paso, Texas
From the Preface: "The United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) and the United States Northern Command (USNORTHCOM) hosted 103 Foreign Defense and Military Attachés, Law Enforcement Attachés, and Diplomats representing 67 countries at the 6th Sovereign Challenge Conference in El Paso, Texas from 7-10 November 2010. The conference theme was 'Borders & Security: Similarities, Differences, and Shared Affinities.' In keeping with the theme, this conference explored a wide range of topics to include border control/management, trust, corruption/transnational crime, development of public support for education, a whole-of-government/whole-of-nation approach, and dealing with the unique challenges a border 'ecosystem' presents. This year's event is ground-breaking in that more law enforcement and legal attachés attended than ever before. A 'hands-on' border visit and briefing hosted and conducted by the U.S. Border Patrol certainly contributed to the success of the Sovereign Challenge program. Hallmarked by open and honest discussion, this conference stimulated participants to voice personal insights, perceptions, and as expected, cordial disagreements."
Joint Special Operations University (U.S.)
2011
