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Technical Specifications - Enhancing the Safety Impact
"This report documents the work of an interoffice, interdisciplinary, NRC [Nuclear Regulatory Commission] Task Group established in August 1983. The Task Group was established to identify the scope and nature of problems with surveillance testing in current Technical Specifications and to develop alternative approaches that will provide better assurance that surveillance testing does not adversely impact safety. The Task Group concluded that some of the Technical Specifications have the potential for adversely affecting safety and some do not appear to be cost effective. The Task Group developed five recommendations for improvement."
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
1983-11
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Scientific Validity of Polygraph Testing: A Research Review and Evaluation--A Technical Memorandum
From the Foreword: "This technical memorandum presents the results of the Office of Technology Assessment's (OTA) review and assessment of the scientific evidence on the validity of polygraph testing. Conducted at the request of Rep. Jack Brooks, Chairman, House Committee on Government Operations, and Rep. Frank Horton, the Ranking Minority Member, the OTA memorandum is intended to assist the committee in its deliberations on proposed changes in polygraph use by the Federal Government. [...] We first discuss the various types of polygraph testing procedures and ways in which the polygraph is used, and then summarize the judicial, legislative, and scientific controversy over polygraph testing validity. Next, we review and evaluate both prior reviews of the scientific research on polygraph validity and the individual research studies. Finally, we discuss the range of factors that may affect polygraph validity and the possibilities for future research, and present OTA'S conclusions about the scientific evidence for current and proposed Federal Government polygraph use."
United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment
1983-11
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Proceedings of the 8th Annual Symposium on the Role of Behavioral Science in Physical Security: Conflict and Confrontation in a Civilized Society
"These proceedings include all papers submitted for publication that were Presented at the 8th Annual Symposium on the Role of Behavioral Science in Physical Security: Conflict and Confrontation in a Civilized Society which was held in Springfield, Virginia on 7 and 6 June 1983." Publication presented include: "Axiomatic Impact of Adversary Behavior"; "Social Psychology of Selective Violence in Society; Terrorism"; "Evolution of Behavioral Science in Security Management"; "Security Vulnerability and Security Awareness"; "Correlation of Values in Planning the Security of a Multi-National Sports Event Attracting Significant Media Attention"; and "Operational Utility of Psychology Instruments to Law Enforcement and Security".
United States. Defense Nuclear Agency
Curtis, Barbara G.
1983-10-31
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National Security Decision Directive 108: Soviet Camouflage, Concealment and Deception
From the Document: "The Soviet Union has developed a doctrine of 'maskirovka' which calls for the use of camouflage, concealment and deception (CC&D) in defense-related programs and in the conduct of military operations. They define maskirovka as a set of measures to deceive, or mislead, the enemy with respect to Soviet national security capabilities, actions, and intentions. These measures include concealment, simulation, diversionary actions and disinformation. […] Integral to development and deployment of strategic and tactical weapons systems, is establishment and execution of a plan for maskirovka. A Soviet Directorate for strategic maskirovka has been established and its directives are carried out by numerous elements of the Soviet government. Additionally, the Soviets have established a program to counter western signal and imagery intelligence collection. The Soviets may be attempting to deceive the West regarding the intent and purpose of basic policies, e.g., arms control. […] Several recent discoveries reveal that the Soviet maskirovka program has enjoyed previously unsuspected success and that it is apparently entering a new and improved phase. Many of these discoveries resulted only after concentrated and intensive examination of intelligence accumulated over many years."
United States. White House Office
Reagan, Ronald
1983-10-12
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National Security Decision Directive 106: U.S. Approach to START Negotiations VII
National Security Decision Directive (NSDD) 106 provides additional guidance on the U.S. approach to the START [Strategic Arms Reduction Talks] negotiations outlined in NSDD 33, NSDD 36, NSDD 44, NSDD 53, NSDD 78, and NSDD 98.
United States. White House Office
1983-10-05
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Development of a Prototype Contingency Plan Suitable for Use by FEMA in Coordinating the Wartime Allocation of Health Manpower Between the Military and Civilian Sectors
"The objective of this contract was to develop a prototype methodology for the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to use to monitor, coordinate, and, if necessary, adjudicate the equitable distribution of the nation's health manpower resources under wartime conditions. It is envisioned that the methodology (when fully developed) would also have wide applicability for peacetime national catastrophes, and for the allocation of other types of scarce resources."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
Meltzer, Alfred J.; Hodgson, David A.; Bloom, Kent D.
1983-09-30
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Guideline for Computer Security Certification and Accreditation
This Guideline is intended for use by ADP managers and technical staff in establishing and carrying out a program and a technical process for computer security certification and accreditation of sensitive computer applications. It identifies and describes the steps involved in performing computer security certification and accreditation; identifies and discusses important issues in managing a computer security certification and accreditation program; identifies and describes the principal functional roles needed within an organization to carryout such a program; and it contains sample outlines of an Application Certification Plan and a Security Evaluation Report as well as a sample Accreditation Statement and sensitivity classification scheme. A discussion of recertification and re-accreditation and its relation to change control is also included. The Guideline also relates certification and accreditation to risk analysis, EDP audit, validation, verification and testing (VV&T), and the system life cycle. A comprehensive list of references is included.
United States. Department of Commerce
1983-09-27
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Nuclear Excavation Potential and Problems for Future Construction
"The purpose of this study is to examine the state of the art of nuclear excavation and assess its problems and potentialities for future construction projects."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Anderson, Darrell R.
1983-09-08?
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Mack Lake Fire
"On May 5, 1980 at 1030 EDT, a prescribed fire was ignited in jack pine slash near Mio, Michigan. [...] At 1206, the fire spotted into standing jack pine timber adjacent to the prescribed burn area. [...] In the first 6 hours, the fire took one life, destroyed 44 homes and buildings, and burned 20,000 acres of forest land. [...] Trying to understand the behavior of all large fires with individual case studies is like trying to understand a movie by examining individual frames chosen at random. Each fire is only a single observation of a complex process, and many observations are needed before patterns begin to emerge. Despite the complexity, however, careful examination of even a single fire can yield insights into the underlying physical processes that control large fire behavior."
United States. Forest Service; United States. Department of Agriculture
Simard, Albert J.; Haines, Donald A.; Blank, Richard W. . . .
1983-09
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Health Hazard Evaluation Report HETA 83-157-1373; Fire Department Stamford, Connecticut
"In February 1983, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) received a request from the International Association of Fire Fighters to evaluate potential health problems resulting from exposures during an industrial fire and explosion at United Organics, Inc., Stamford, Connecticut. NIOSH assistance was requested six weeks after the fire when fire fighters continued to complain of symptoms of chest discomfort, shortness of breath and headache. [...] Symptoms and medical abnormalities found in these fire fighters following exposure to smoke and fumes from this chemical fire were consistent with the possible effects of pyrolysis products of polyacrylonitrile, including hydrogen cyanide. Recommendations are made in Section VIII of this report to help orevent future exposures."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Donohue, Michael T.
1983-09
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Krypton-8S Purge at Three Mile Islands: A Comparison of Measured and Calculated Surface Air Concentrations
"Krypton-8S was released from the Three Mile Island nuclear power station during a planned purge of the containment system in the summer of 198 O. Air concentrations measured to distances of 63 km were compared to results calculated by the MATHEW I ADPIC particle-in-cell model. Measurements and calculations agreed within the error bounds of previous model evaluations."
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Kunz, C. O. (Charles Otis), 1935-; Wahlen, Martin; Peterson, Kendall
1983-09
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Integrated Emergency Management System Process Overview
"This Process Overview is intended to provide a general description of the Integrated Emergency Management System (IEMS) and its relationship to the overall Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) mission, set forth how the IEMS concept can be applied by State and local governments, and outline plans for implementing various components of IEMS. […] Several major objectives were to be accomplished when the Federal Emergency Management Agency was created in 1979. One objective was to establish a single point of contact for State and local governments to deal with all emergency management programs at the Federal level. Another objective was to broaden the application of emergency preparedness and response resources to all hazards, and to take advantage of the similarities that exist in planning and response functions for peacetime and attack emergencies. Understandably, since FEMA began as a collection of individual agencies, programs, and functions rather than as a unified, composite organization, realization of these objectives has taken time. The realignment of FEMA in October 1981 brought the majority of programs supporting State and local government efforts in mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery together in one directorate. Although the multiplicity of programs remained, efforts were made to consolidate the transfer of program funds-to State governments. These efforts culminated in the Comprehensive Cooperative Agreements which are now negotiated annually between FEMA and the States."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
1983-09
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Hazard Analysis for Emergency Management (Interim Guidance)
"The purpose of this guide is to provide a resource for use by State and local officials in preparing an analysis of hazards. By presenting a general approach, definitions, processes, and models, it is hoped that a common framework for local, State and nationwide analysis of hazards will be established. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is developing an Integrated Emergency Management System (IEMS) approach to comprehensive emergency management. The initial step in this approach is the systematic analysis of the hazards in individual communities or jurisdictions. Before a community can plan how to deal with potential disasters, the hazards that can lead to these disasters must be identified and priorities for action must be assigned. Hazards analysis is an essential element in disaster preparedness planning to minimize loss of life, human suffering and damage to public and private property. […] This guide incorporates material developed by the National Governors' Association (NGA), the Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG) in San Francisco, California, contractors to FEMA, and other organizations. The term 'hazards analysis' is used throughout this guide. Other writings treat the same subject under the terms vulnerability assessment, loss study or analysis. Because vulnerability is one of several aspects of the analysis of hazards, the more general term hazards analysis was chosen. As a final note, the term 'community' is used to denote the area being studied and analyzed, such as a county, or any other jurisdiction."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
1983-09
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Patterns of International Terrorism: 1982
This document produced by the State Department in September 1983 provides graphs and analysis of international terrorist acts for the year of 1982. Topics discussed include trends, states that support terrorism, the numbers of total deaths from acts of terrorism, geographic distribution of acts from 1973 to 1982, and a breakdown of the nationality of victims of terrorist attacks.
United States. Department of State
1983-09
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Integrated Emergency Management System: Hazards Analysis for Emergency Management (Interim Guidance), September 1983
"The purpose of this guide is to provide a resource for use by State and local officials in preparing an analysis of hazards. By presenting a general approach, definitions, processes, and models, it is hoped that a common framework for local, State and nationwide analysis of hazards will be established."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
1983-09
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Pertinent Meteorological Data for Hurricane Allen of 1980
"This report provides information on a single storm event, Hurricane Allen [August, 1980], for possible use in dynamic storm surge models. The study presents detailed analyses of the storm track, forward speed, central pressure, and radius to maximum wind, with particular attention given to the period surrounding landfall [Texas]."
United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; United States. National Weather Service
Ho, Frances P.; Miller, John Frederick, 1928-
1983-09
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Radiotelephone Handbook
"The purpose of this instruction is to consolidate into a convenient and readily accessible handbook correct voice radio telephone procedures."
United States. Coast Guard
1983-08-29
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Additional Improvements Needed in Physical Security at Nuclear Powerplants: Report to the Chairman, Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Since the middle 1970's, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and powerplant operators have taken measures to reduce the vulnerability of powerplants to attempted acts of sabotage. The Atomic Energy Act of 1954 and the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 directed NRC to regulate the physical security provided by its nuclear powerplant licensees. The NRC physical security objective for nuclear powerplants is to develop and require implementation of measures designed to prevent, deter, and respond to acts of radiological sabotage. Radiological sabotage is defined as a deliberate act of destruction, damage, or manipulation of vital equipment which could result in the release, beyond the plant boundary, of sufficient radioactive materials to endanger public health and safety due to radiation exposure. Therefore, physical security systems are primarily designed to prevent someone from destroying or tampering with safety-related equipment which could cause a release of radiation that would endanger public health and safety. NRC assures the adequacy of physical security systems at nuclear powerplants through its powerplant licensing and inspection programs. All licensees must have security plans that have been reviewed and approved by NRC headquarters before they can be licensed to operate a nuclear powerplant. After the security plan has been approved, NRC, through its inspection program, determines whether or not the licensee's implementing procedures will fulfill the commitments in the licensee's security plan.
Physical security is important because it is another measure, in addition to back-up safety systems, that assures the safe operations of a nuclear powerplant. A physical security system is intended to prevent intentional acts that could lead to the unsafe operation of a powerplant. Therefore, it is incumbent upon the NRC to assure that adequate physical security systems are installed at all operating nuclear powerplants because a serious act of radiological sabotage could have the same effect as a major accident at a nuclear powerplant. The importance of physical security at nuclear powerplants has been further demonstrated by the enactment of legislation that makes acts of sabotage against nuclear powerplants Federal crimes punishable by imprisonment or fines, or both.
United States. General Accounting Office
1983-07-13
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Health Hazard Evaluation Report HETA 82-224-1336; Miami Fire Department Miami, Florida
"On April 15, 1982, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) was requested to evaluate the possibility that fire fighters assigned to the Miami Fire Department had been exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) during an electrical fire inside an underground transformer vault located in downtown Miami, Florida. On April 16, 1982, three days after the fire, and subsequent to cleanup of the vault by the power company, NIOSH investigators collected surface wipe samples and bulk samples of soot inside the vault. Additional samples were collected from fire fighters' turnout coats, from respirator face masks, and from other fire fighting equipment thought to have been in contact with smoke from the fire. Surface swipe samples were analyzed for PCBs using the Webb-McCall method, and bulk samples were analyzed for polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) by high resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HRGC/MS)."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Salisbury, Stan
1983-07
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Health Hazard Evaluation Report HETA 82-390-1345; Public Safety Building Upper Darby, Pennsylvania
"In September 1982, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) was requested by local public health officials to investigate possible health hazards in the Public Safety Building, Upper Darby, Pennsylvania. Several cancer cases, including some deaths, had been reported among police detectives there. Concern developed over the issue of whether these cancers might have resulted from exposures at the Public Safety Building. [...] An apparent excess of cancer, predominantly of the large intestine, exists among the police detectives. The data from our investigation fail, however, to show an association of these cancers with exposure to the Public Safety Building. Such an association is unlikely according to current theories on tumor induction periods. The environmental results of this study indicate that a potential health hazard exists in using the Sirchie 'Gray' and 'Silk Black' fingerprint powders. The use of these powders should be discontinued in favor of powders with no polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Schilling, Rebecca; Lewis, Frank A.
1983-07
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Executive Order 12425: International Criminal Police Organizations
"By virtue of the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and statutes of the United States, including Section 1 of the International Organizations Immunities Act (59 Stat. 669, 22 U.S.C. 288), it is hereby ordered that the International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL), in which the United States participates pursuant to 22 U.S.C. 263a, is hereby designated as a public international organization entitled to enjoy the privileges, exemptions and immunities conferred by the International Organizations Immunities Act; except those provided by Section 2(c), the portions of Section 2(d) and Section 3 relating to customs duties and federal internal-revenue importation taxes, Section 4, Section 5, and Section 6 of that Act. This designation is not intended to abridge in any respect the privileges, exemptions or immunities which such organization may have acquired or may acquire by international agreement or by Congressional action."
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Reagan, Ronald
1983-06-16
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National Security Decision Directive 98: U.S. Approach to START Negotiations VI
"National Security Decision Directive (NSDD) 98 provides additional guidance on the U.S. approach to the START [Strategic Arms Reduction Talks] negotiations outlined in NSDD 33, NSDD 36, NSDD 44, NSDD 53, and NSDD 78.In National Security Decision Directive 98, President Reagan states his commitment to 'take whatever steps are necessary to increase the likelihood of real, substantive progress towards and agreement which involves significant reductions in U.S. and Soviet strategic nuclear arsenals and which promotes the national security interests of both sides. Above all, our goal is to maintain a stable nuclear balance at reduced levels of forces in order to reduce the risk of war. All of our efforts in START must be guided by this principle.' The Directive outlines policy regarding: limits on deployed ballistic missiles; throw weight; and the build-down concept."
United States. White House Office
1983-06-14
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National Security Decision Directive 97: National Security Telecommunications Policy
The National Communications System [NCS] was established by Executive Order (EO) 12472 as a Federal interagency group assigned national security and emergency preparedness (NS/EP) telecommunications responsibilities throughout the full spectrum of emergencies. Under the policy objectives stated in EO 12472 and National Security Decision Directive (NSDD) 97, these responsibilities include planning for, developing, and implementing enhancements to the national telecommunications infrastructure to achieve measurable improvements in survivability, interoperability, and operational effectiveness under all conditions and seeking greater effectiveness in managing and using national telecommunication resources to support the Government during any emergency.
United States. White House Office
1983-06-13
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Honduras: Will the Revolution Come?
From the thesis abstract: "The purpose of this thesis is the examination of Honduras today from a socio-economic and politico-military perspective to determine what internal conditions exist which make Honduras prone or vulnerable to insurgency. The research concentrates on the internal factors for insurgency in Honduras. It surveys the internal conditions of the neighboring countries of El Salvador, Guatemala, and Nicaragua and the Soviet-Cuban strategies in Latin America as a contributing factor in nurturing revolution outside their own borders. The research is based on historical records and comparative studies of revolutions. The analysis reveals that because of the present socio-economic and political conditions, Honduras does not present a target for insurgency from within. The author does not discount, however, the possibility that if the government abandons or reduces the intensity of its aggressive improvement programs, the insurgencies in neighboring countries may subsequently be the catalyst to allow or cause them to 'spill over' into Honduras."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Fonseca L., Hector Rene
1983-06-03
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National Security and Language Competence: US Armed Forces and Transnational Communication
From the thesis abstract: "Language competence has long been recognized as a required skill in the collection and analysis of intelligence. Previous experience in coalition warfare and current efforts at multilateral defense reveal the need for facility in other languages in operating with allies. Command and control may be affected significantly by the ability to communicate successfully between units of various nations. As operations in foreign areas also entail dealing with a population whose cultural background may differ from ours, language skill may be of command interest for its contribution to civil-military cooperation. This study looks at the historical use by the armed forces of languages other than English and at the means by which these skills were acquired. As multinational experiences are well documented for World War II and Korea, the study concentrates on these two conflicts."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College
Müller, Kurt E.
1983-06-03
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Lower Southeast Florida Hurricane Evacuation Study Technical Data Report
This document provides a quantitative framework upon which each county in lower southeast Florida can update and refine existing hurricane evacuation plans. Technical data were developed to identify and measure the critical time elements of a hurricane evacuation process, including socioeconomic and shelter data, behavioral patterns, hurricane hazards, and transportation movements during an evacuation.
Lessons Learned Information Sharing (LLIS)
PBS&J. Post, Buckley, Schuh & Jernigan, Inc.; United States. Army. Corps of Engineers
1983-06
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Quantitative and Qualitative Effectiveness Dimensions of the U.S. Coast Guard Recruiting Program
"The United States Coast Guard's increasing employment of advanced technology aboard its cutters, aircraft and shore commands has introduced an evolving demand for the consideration of a quality dimension in manpower planning. During recent years, this demand for quality personnel has out-distanced input. Recognizing the requirement for a long term organizational change to reverse this trend, this thesis identifies the recruiting program as the most effective agent for that change."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Johnson, Harvey E.
1983-06
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Technical Data Report: Lower Southeast Florida Hurricane Evacuation Study
"The objective of this study is to provide a quantitative framework upon which each county in the Lower Southeast Florida study area can update and refine existing hurricane evacuation plans. To accomplish this objective, technical data were developed to identify and measure the critical elements of the hurricane evacuation process."
United States. Army. Corps of Engineers
Post, Buckley, Schuh and Jernigan, Inc.
1983-06
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Assessment of the Safety of Spent Fuel Transportation in Urban Environs
"The results of a program to provide an experimental data base for estimating the radiological consequences from a hypothetical sabotage attack on a light-water-reactor spent fuel shipping cask in a densely populated area are presented. The results of subscale and full-scale experiments in conjunction with an analytical modeling study are described. The experimental data were used as input to a reactor-safety consequence model to predict radiological health consequences resulting from a hypothetical sabotage attack on a spent-fuel shipping cask in the Manhattan borough of New York City. The results of these calculations are presented."
Sandia National Laboratories
Sandoval, Robert P.; Weber, J. P.; Levine, H. S.
1983-06
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Department of the Interior Departmental Manual, Part 910: Interior Emergency Operations Chapter 4: National Oil and Hazardous Substances Contingency Plan
This U.S. Department of the Interior Departmental Manual, Part 910: Interior Emergency Operations, Chapter 4 outlines the purpose, authorities, National Contingency Plan (NCP), policy, responsibilities, Communications and Reports, Training and Safety, and Major Disaster or Emergency for the National Oil and Hazardous Substances Contingency Plan.
United States. Department of the Interior
1983-05-12
