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First International Symposium on Volcanic Ash and Aviation Safety: Program and Abstracts
"Between December 1989 and February 1990, five commercial jetliners suffered damage from encounters with volcanic ash from Redoubt Volcano. [...] One outcome of the Redoubt incidents has been to increase interest in the issue of volcanic hazards and aviation safety among a broad group which includes commercial and military air operators, aircraft manufacturers, the Federal Aviation Administration, the National Weather Service, and the U.S. Geological Survey. To focus this interest, the First International Symposium on Volcanic Ash and Aviation Safety is being held in Seattle, Washington in July 1991. The AIMS of the symposium are: 1. to encourage improvements in the detection, tracking, and warning of volcanic ash hazard so that aircraft may avoid ash clouds; and 2. to review the effects of volcanic ash on aircraft so that pilots who encounter ash can respond appropriately."
Geological Survey (U.S.)
1991
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Fire Management Notes (Vol.52 No.1)
This is Volume 52, No.1 of Fire Management Notes, a quarterly periodical devoted to the technique of forest fire control, produced by the U.S. Forest Service.
United States. Forest Service
1991
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Fire Management Notes (Vol.52 No.3)
This is Volume 52, No.3 of Fire Management Notes, a quarterly periodical devoted to the technique of forest fire control, produced by the U.S. Forest Service.
United States. Forest Service
1991
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Fire Management Notes (Vol.52 No.2)
This is Volume 52, No.2 of Fire Management Notes, a quarterly periodical devoted to the technique of forest fire control, produced by the U.S. Forest Service.
United States. Forest Service
1991
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Fire Management Notes (Vol.52 No.4)
This is Volume 52, No.4 of Fire Management Notes, a quarterly periodical devoted to the technique of forest fire control, produced by the U.S. Forest Service.
United States. Forest Service
1991
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Torture Victim Protection Act of 1989: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Immigration and Refugee Affairs of the Committee on the Judiciary of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundred First Congress, Second Session on S. 1629, A Bill to Establish Clearly a Federal Right of Action by Aliens and United States Citizens Against Persons Engaging in Torture or Extrajudicial Killing, and for Other Purposes, and H.R. 1662, June 22, 1990
From the opening statement of the Hon. Edward M. Kennedy, Senator from the State of Massachusetts, Chairman of the Subcommittee on Immigration and Refugee Affairs: "This morning, the Immigration and Refugee Affairs Subcommittee is convened to hear testimony on Senate bill 1629, the Torture Victim Protection Act. Senator Kennedy, our subcommittee chairman, will be joining us later, and I am pleased to welcome our colleague, Senator Specter, who was here earlier and who will be back again shortly after voting, who is the author of this legislation, to sit with the subcommittee this morning. The legislation before us today establishes a Federal right of action by aliens and U.S. citizens against persons engaged in torture or extrajudicial killings. The administration and public witnesses raise many critical issues, and I welcome them." Additional materials submitted for the record by the following: Robert F. Drinan, Edward M. Kennedy, John O. McGinnis, Michael H. Posner, John Shattuck, and David P. Stewart.
United States. Government Printing Office
1991
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Special Report: Mutual Aid: Lessons Learned from the California System
"Mutual aid - help among neighbors - is an integral part of emergency response. Mutual aid becomes more important and more complicated as the magnitude of emergency incidents increases and the size of individual community budgets decreases. Given the current economic and social climate, it is simply unrealistic to assume that a single community has all the resources required to cope with any and all emergencies it may face. The State of California has developed over the last 40 years an exemplary Statewide Fire and Rescue Mutual Aid System. Designed as part of the State's overall multi-hazard emergency response, the mutual aid system has been used in a wide range of fire and non-fire incidents. The system is not unique; many States have mutual aid systems. However, because it is exercised continually on the plethora of wildland fire incidents in the State, the system has achieved a degree of sophistication not often seen in other systems. A testament to the respect the Fire and Rescue Mutual Aid System has gained within the State, similar systems have been designed, or are being developed, for police, emergency medical services, public works, and other disciplines in the State that have a role in emergency planning and response. This report includes California's Fire and Rescue Mutual Aid System and its evolution, how mutual aid is used in major fire and non-fire incidents, and discusses some reasons for its success over the years. The purpose of the report is to share lessons learned to help other States advance their systems and give the fire service in general some useful ideas on providing mutual aid."
United States. Department of Homeland Security
Perroni, Carolyn
1991-01
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Recommended Emergency Preparedness Guidelines for Urban, Rural, and Specialized Transit Systems
Urban, rural and specialized transit services provide an important source of transportation for many people in the United States. A number of concerns must be addressed to ensure the safety of passengers during transit emergencies. The needs of passengers can be addressed through carefully planned emergency response procedures, proper training of transit and emergency response personnel, and effective use of equipment. The recommendations contained herein are therefore intended to assist transit and emergency response organization personnel to evaluate their emergency response plans and, if necessary, modify or supplement those plans accordingly.
United States. Department of Transportation. Urban Mass Transportation Administration
Hathaway, W. T.; Markos, Stephanie H.
1991-01
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Framework for Counterguerrilla Tactical Doctrine: A Theoretical Approach
"As the face of modern warfare changes, the threat of the appearance of guerrilla forces on the battlefield increases. Whether in the form of insurgent forces or partisan forces employing guerrilla tactics in support of conventional forces. their actions on the battlefield must be understood to be countered. Current operations in the Middle East lend special significance to an understanding of counterguerrilla operations. Guerrilla doctrine and tactics spring from an enormous body of theoretical works, not the least of which are the writings of Mao Tse-tung. On the other hand, our current counterguerrilla doctrine and tactics are not based in theory. They represent the 'how' without the 'why' of counterguerrilla warfare. Through the critical analysis of guerrilla and counter- guerrilla tactical operations encompassing guerrillas in support of both insurgent and conventional forces I have identified theoretical concepts that can be used in the construction of a framework for counterguerrilla operations. These concepts were evaluated against the criteria that determine the adequacy of theory, namely that they explain and describe this type of warfare, and that they are succinct, supportable, and retrodictive."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Jordan, Stephen T.
1990-12-31?
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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series: Seven-Fatality Christmas Tree Fire
"On December 22,1990 at approximately 11:10 p.m. a Christmas tree fire originated in the family room of the Dell'Orco home. The father, in the family room at the time of the fire, made futile attempts to remove the burning tree from the house. The mother called the fire department and removed one child. They escaped, with injuries. She tried to reenter the home but could not because of heavy smoke and heat. The father abandoned the burning tree removal and attempted to rescue six of his children still in the home. The fire took the lives of the father and all six children."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency; United States Fire Administration
1990-12-22?
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Operating Policies and Procedures Memorandum 90-9: El Salvadoran Cases Subject to Temporary Protected Status and Settlement in American Baptist Churches v. Thornburgh
"As you know, Section 302 of the Immigration Act of 1990 establishes a new status--temporary protected status (TPS)--for nationals of countries meeting certain conditions and so designated by the Attorney General. Section 303 specifically places El Salvadorans into a special TPS and describes the special eligibility requirements and other conditions for this status. […] The same class of El Salvadorans are also the subjects of a settlement agreement that was approved yesterday by the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California in the case of American Baptist Churches v. Thornburgh (ABC), a case originally brought against INS and the Department of State and later interpreted to include EOIR because the Attorney General was a defendant. This case involved the due process accorded to El Salvadorans and Guatemalans in the adjudication of applications for political asylum."
United States. Department of Justice. Executive Office for Immigration Review
Robie, William R.
1990-12-20
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National Security Directive 53: Interagency Review and Disposition of Export Control Licenses Issued by the Department of Commerce
In National Security Directive (NSD) 53, President H.W. Bush directs that "American exporters are entitles to prompt review of export license applications submitted to the United States Government. It is United States policy that there is a presumption of approval of such applications based on our commitment to an open international trading system and the need to ensure American competitiveness. Therefore, any U.S. agency that opposes an export license on national security grounds shall bear the burden to overcome this presumption of approval. At the same time, I want to emphasize that none of the changes set fourth in this directive are intended in any way to signal a lessening of our determination to weigh cautiously license applications raising potential nonproliferation or broader national security concerns."
United States. White House Office
1990-12-10
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Maryland Hurricane Evacuation Study Technical Data Report
From the Summary: " Most extreme events in nature cannot be controlled, yet the human consequences may be affected dramatically by actions taken prior to the event. The Maryland Hurricane Evacuation Study was conducted in order to develop policies and plans to safely and efficiently evacuate people during a hurricane and to increase public awareness of hurricane dangers. The study consists of five separate related analyses which produce data which define hurricane hazards and responses. The hazards analysis determines the magnitude and extent of hurricane related hazards including surge and winds. The vulnerability analysis identifies which areas are subject to the surge inundations which are defined by the hazards analysis. The behavioral analysis determines the probable public response to a hurricane threat, and the shelter analysis defines the existing public shelters and their capacities. Finally, the transportation analysis determines the time required for a safe evacuation in various hurricane threat scenarios."
United States. Army. Corps of Engineers; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
1990-12
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Maryland Hurricane Evacuation Study: Appendices A, B, C
This document contains the appendices to the "Maryland Hurricane Evacuation Study Technical Data Report," titled as follows: Appendix A- Inundation and Evacuation Maps; Appendix B- Hazards Analysis; and Appendix C- Behavioral Analysis.
United States. Army. Corps of Engineers; United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
1990-12
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Maryland Hurricane Evacuation Study: Appendices A, B, and C
This document is a companion piece to the Maryland Hurricane Evacuation Study Technical Data Report. Appendix A covers inundation and evacuation maps, Appendix B contains a hazards analysis, and Appendix C contains a behavioral analysis. This document is intended to be used as guides for officials making hurricane evacuation decisions.
United States. Army. Corps of Engineers
1990-12
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Dependence of U.S. Defense Systems on Foreign Technologies
"The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) asked the Institute for Defense Analyses (IDA) to determine the extent of U. S. defense system dependence on foreign technologies. The project team studied four system types: missiles, radars, heavy combat engines, and aircraft display systems. Foreign sourcing was concentrated in four technologies: rnicroelectronic components, equipment, materials, and display technologies. Foreign 3ourcing resulted partly from migration of mature technologies abroad as offshore industries gained cost and scale advantages. Examples: ferrite coils, filter glass, and specialty glass for CRT displays. Foreign sourcing of advanced technologies prevailed in p:'ecision machine tools, lithography equipment, and electronic displays. Developing comparable U. S. sources of supply would require from 6 months to 5 or 6 years under noncrisis circumstances. None of the tactical defense system technologies studied :3 now vulnerable to denial, delay, or extended disruption from dependence on foreign technology. However, erosion of production and research capabilities in semiconductor equipment, precision machine 4pols, and high-resolution displays raises concerns about U. S. vulnerability to foreign influence in developing future defense systems. To reverse increased foreign sourcing requires a holistic effort, including advanced research, rationalized procurement practices, reduced procurement compliance costs, monitoring offshore migration of key technologies, and coordinated acquisition to strengthen commercial viability of key domestic technologies."
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (U.S.)
Heginbotham, Erland; Almquist, Peter
1990-12
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NATO Burden-Sharing: Redefinition for a Changing European Threat
From the thesis abstract: "This thesis develops a model of burden-sharing that includes both operational and non-operational contributions to the common defense. Based on the 'Atlanticist' perspective of recognizing contribution, the model includes categories for standing forces, reserve forces, defense industrial capacity, reserve defense industrial capacity, and related defense factors that historically have not been recognized. This work addresses the availability of information suitable for the comparative evaluation of defense share within the model framework and identifies deficiencies in current data bases relative to the defense industrial capacities of participating nations. Recommendations for providing defense industrial base information center around tailoring OECD [Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development] capacity utilization equations to defense industry parameters and reporting capacity and reserve capacity via the NATO [North Atlantic Treaty Organization] Defense Planning Questionnaire."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Martello, Charles P.
1990-12
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Verification Technologies: Measures for Monitoring Compliance With the START Treaty
This report describes the role of monitoring in the arms control verification process. It surveys the types of on-site inspection and their costs, risks, and benefits. It also examines the INF Treaty experience for lessons relevant to START. Our general discussions of the monitoring process and on-site inspections are relevant to other types of arms control as well as to START. The report outlines the monitoring tasks specific to START and suggests the cooperative and unilateral measures available for a START monitoring regime. It does not attempt to predict which of the possible cooperative measures will finally be negotiated in the START Treaty.
United States. Government Printing Office
United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment
1990-12
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Strategy and Logistics for the New World Order
"An interdisciplinary analysis of the post-Cold War world to determine the optimal strategy to attain the national interests of the United States, and the requisite logistic structure to support that strategy. The optimal solution is found to be a strategy based on multinational defense centered on a permanent force of United Nations garrison port complexes. This multilateral force would be augmented by as small a national defense force as necessary to ensure national security. The thesis endeavors to reconnect the cultural and philosophical past of the United States with its immediate future. National interests are identified through examination of American Pragmatism and the philosophies of John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. To determine the current status of common defense, based upon the Foreign Military Sales system, an analysis of current data is accomplished. Future threats to the United States are examined with special emphasis on nuclear terrorism. The ability of Islamic nations in North Africa and the Middle East to produce significant quantities of uranium is demonstrated. The grave political as well as ongoing environmental consequences of this recent capability are discussed in detail."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Gildersleeve, Cory W.
1990-12
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NATO's Out-of-Area Dilemma
"NATO has a legitimate right to project force beyond the geographical boundaries of the NATO alliance. That NATO has been unwilling or unable to do so since 1949 results from a combination of factors relating to disagreements between the members over the geographical scope of the alliance, shifts in allied foreign policies and inter-allied tensions brought on by the Cold War. Iraq's invasion of Kuwait moved NATO's out-of-area problem from a subordinate position to the primarily threat facing the alliance. Historically, the Alliance felt that responses to out-of-area security threats should be dealt with on a unilateral basis, even when the Alliance has agreed that their collective vital interests are threatened. The dilemma for NATO is the lack of a unified approach to the out-of-area problem. NATO's boundaries are boundaries of obligation and not boundaries of confinement. Through a review of the language of the treaty and problems inherent in alliance relationships, this thesis will explore the differing perceptions of alliance members regarding the scope of the alliance and why NATO has survived for 40 years yet been unable to deal with the out-of-area problem."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Theodorelos, Susan Lynn
1990-12
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Focused Engagement: A New Military Strategy for Winning the Old Great Game
"What are those critical military objectives? An analysis of the explicit and implicit 'New World Order' tasks suggests that tomorrow's American military must be able to: [1] Deter nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) attack from any quarter while simultaneously pursuing a dramatic reduction of global NBC armaments through verifiable non-proliferation and arms control agreements. [2] Deter conventional attack on the American homeland as well as on those states or regions of vital political and economic significance to us; and, should deterrence fail, defend those same areas through military actions which will result in a termination of conflict on terms favorable to U.S. interests. [3] Maintain and, if necessary, defend the land, sea, air, and space lines of communication necessary for unimpeded global commerce and the fulfillment of our worldwide security requirements. [4] Reduce the threat of international terrorism. [5] Reduce the flow of illicit drugs into the United States. [6] Maintain a robust, expansible industrial and mobilization base sufficient to support the aforementioned military objectives."
National Defense University
Rains, Roger A.
1991
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Implementation in Arizona of the Immigration Reform and Control Act, 1990
"This document is a summary report of two community forums held by the Arizona Advisory Committee on September 15, 1988, in Phoenix and on November 3, 1988, in Tucson. The purpose of the forums was to gather information on the implementation in the State of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA). At the forums, the Advisory Committee heard from community representatives, business owners, State and Federal officials, and professionals involved in assisting undocumented aliens with the amnesty/legalization process. The summary report is not an exhaustive review or analysis, but should be helpful to the Commission in its monitoring of IRCA's implementation."
United States Commission on Civil Rights
1990-12
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Potential Threats to Spanish Security: Implications for the United States and NATO
"Thirteen years ago, Spain held its first democratic elections since 1936. Prior to those elections, held in June 1977, Spain spent almost forty years under the dictatorship of Generalissimo Francisco Franco, who established an authoritarian regime in Spain following the Spanish Civil War (1936- 1939). Upon Franco's death in November 1975, Prince Juan Carlos de Borbon was crowned as King of Spain in accordance with Franco's 1957 announcement that the monarchy (abolished in 1931) would be restored after his death. Amidst problems ranging from inflation and unemployment to internal friction and, often, opposition from rightist elements, King Juan Carlos eased the Spanish nation-state through the transition into a democracy and, undaunted by an attempted coup by military rightists in 1981, supported what might then have been considered a fragile democracy. Now, nine years later, the entire region of Eastern Europe is in a state of transition, not totally unlike the transition Spain undertook over a decade ago. Thus, it seems particularly appropriate to examine the Spanish experience. The purpose of this study is to examine the security aspects of that experience. As such, it will address both internal security issues such as separatist movements, especially the Basque terrorist organization (ETA), and external security issues such as those posed by Gibraltar, Ceuta, Melilla, and, in spite of the tendency to dismiss it as irrelevant to Spanish security, the Soviet Union. In addition, as the title suggests, this study will address how Spain's security posture can be expected to affect the United States and NATO [North Atlantic Treaty Organization], particularly as Spain finds a place within the context of a rapidly changing New Europe."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Adams, Tamara K.
1990-12
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Avoiding Racial Conflict: A Guide for Municipalities
"This brochure, 'Avoiding Racial Conflict: A Guide for Municipalities,' is drawn from CRS' extensive experience with local governments. Predicated on the constitutional and statutory requirements of governments to protect civil rights and the accompanying obligation to promote good race relations, the brochure is intended as a guide for local government officials and community leaders to use as they examine the nature of race relations in their community and the measures that can be utilized to both protect the rights of citizens and promote an environment of tolerance, understanding, and harmonious racial and ethnic relations. The suggestions in this publication are not mandatory, of course, but they reflect what are, in CRS experience and judgment, useful ways that local governments can play an active role in easing and preventing racial and ethnic tension."
United States. Community Relations Service
1991
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Mobile Rest and Relief Facilities for Use in a Chemical Warfare Environment
"This technical paper outlines factors which need to be considered in the design, development, and operational us e of Mobile Rest and Relief Facilities (MRRF). These facilities are intended primarily to provide support for military personnel operating in chemical warfare threat areas away from the support of fixed-base military installations. Besides providing a Toxic-Free Area (TFA), the MRRF must also provide the means for personnel to maintain operational effectiveness: food, water, replacement NBC clothing, washing and toilet facilities, lighting, communications equipment and air conditioning. All of these support requirements need to be taken into account in the early stages of the MRRF concept definition and design. Failure to include these requirements in the development of an MRRF will limit its chemical warfare application."
USAF School of Aerospace Medicine
Simpson, Robert E.
1990-12
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From Beirut to Port Arthur: Field Artillery Doctrine and Practice in Low Intensity Conflict
"Field Manual (FM) 6-20, Fire Support in the AirLand Battle, the Army's capstone manual for fire support, states: 'The fire support system must be flexible enough to respond to a number of battlefield situations ranging from the nonlinear characteristics of the high- and mid-intensity conflicts to the special demands of low-intensity conflict.' Given the likelihood of U.S. forces' involvement in the latter, it is critical that the fire support system, and in particular, the field artillery, be able to respond appropriately. That response is governed in large measure by field artillery doctrine. The purpose of this monograph is to assess the viability of that doctrine to contribute to mission success in varied LIC [Low Intensity Conflict] environments. Because doctrine emanates from the principles that comprise a given body of theory, the monograph begins with a capsulation of the classical underpinnings of field artillery theory. Linkages between classical theory and the employment of artillery in the LIC environment are then drawn. Armed with this theoretical foundation, we examine how the artillery has performed historically in each of the four LIC operational categories of combatting [sic] terrorism, peacekeeping operations, support for insurgencies and counterinsurgencies, and peacetime contingency operations. [...] Finally, recommendations are offered to address any deficiencies noted. The study concludes that there are legitimate roles for the field artillery in all four of the operational categories that comprise the low intensity conflict spectrum. By refocusing and retooling field artillery doctrine to encompass the fire support requirements peculiar to the low intensity conflict environment, the field artillery will be better prepared to fulfill its charge within the context of military operations in LIC."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Gregory, William A.
1990-11-21
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Technical Rescue Incident Report: Confined Space Rescue on SS Gem State, November 19, 1990, Tacoma, Wa
"At 10:47 a.m. on November 19, 1990, the Tacoma Fire Department received a call to assist in the rescue of a victim who was unconscious from unknown circumstances on board the S.S. Gem State. This ship was an ocean-going freighter undergoing repairs at the Port of Tacoma. The victim was a civilian employee who had been working in the lower decks of the ship. During the ensuing operations several firefighters were overcome by high levels of carbon monoxide, and were transported to the hospital. After an investigation by the Washington State Department of Labor and Industries, the Tacoma Fire Department was cited for four 'serious' violations. This report is an account of the initial response, search and rescue operations, the subsequent investigation, and the lessons learned by the Tacoma Fire Department."
United States Fire Administration
1990-11-19
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Executive Order 12735: Chemical and Biological Weapons Proliferation
"By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.), the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), and section 301 of title 3 of the United States Code, I, GEORGE BUSH, President of the United States of America, find that proliferation of chemical and biological weapons constitutes an unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security and foreign policy of the United States and hereby declare a national emergency to deal with that threat."
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Bush, George, 1924-
1990-11-16
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Medical Platoon Leaders' Handbook Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures
This manual is directed to medical platoon leaders of combat and combat support battalions and cavalry squadrons. However, the manual applies equally to other medical platoon members in accomplishment of their mission. The tactics, techniques, and procedures provided are not all inclusive. They are presented as modes of operation. This manual provides a starting point from which users should develop or tailor techniques and procedures to fit their specific units.
US Army Medical Department Center and School
1990-11-16
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Executive Order 12734: National Emergency Construction Authority
"By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and laws of the United States of America, including the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. [United States Code] 1701 'et seq.'), the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 'et seq.'), and 3 U.S.C. 301, I declared a national emergency by Executive Order No. 12722, dated August 2, 1990, to deal with the threat to the national security and foreign policy of the United States caused by the invasion of Kuwait by Iraq. To provide additional authority to the Department of Defense to respond to that threat and in accordance with section 301 of the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1631), I hereby order that the emergency construction authority at 10 U.S.C. 2808 is invoked and made available in accordance with its terms to the Secretary of Defense and, at the discretion of the Secretary of Defense, to the Secretaries of the military departments. This order is effective immediately and shall be transmitted to the Congress and published in the Federal Register."
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Bush, George, 1924-
1990-11-14
