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Bus and Passenger Accident Prevention
"A fundamental goal of each transit system is to provide passengers and employees with the highest level of safety that is practical and consistent with the mission of the transit system. Accomplishing this goal with any degree of efficiency requires a transit system to develop and implement a comprehensive safety program. This program should address the three primary safety functions of a transit system, which are as follows: to prevent the occurrence of accidents, to respond to and recover from accidents, and to learn from accidents that have and do occur. This document, prepared under the sponsorship of The Federal Transit Administration (FTA), provides guidance on how to develop and implement an accident prevention program for urban, rural, and specialized transit systems."
United States. Federal Transit Administration
1994-06
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Inland Oil Spills: Options for Minimizing Environmental Impacts of Freshwater Spill Response
"Selecting appropriate protection, response, and cleanup techniques, both before and following an oil spill, affects the ultimate environmental impact and cost resulting from a spill. The American Petroleum Institute (API) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) jointly developed this guide as a tool for contingency planners and field responders to identify response techniques that have minimal ecological impacts and also minimize the impact of the oil. The guide provides information on 29 response methods and classifies their relative environmental impact for combinations of four oil types and twelve freshwater environments and habitats. Spill topics of special concern in freshwater settings are also discussed, including public health, conditions under which oil might sink in freshwater, oil behavior in ice conditions, permafrost, and use of firefighting foams."
United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1994-06
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Pre-Judgment Interest Under the Back Pay Act for Refunds of Federal Insurance Contributions Act Overpayments: Memorandum for Stephen W. Preston, Acting General Counsel, Department of Defense [May 31, 1994]
"This memorandum responds to your Office's request for our opinion whether civilian employees of the Department of Defense ('DoD') who receive from the Internal Revenue Service ('IRS') a refund of taxes that were deducted from their pay pursuant to 26 U.S.C. § 3121(a) of the Federal Insurance Contributions Act, 26 U.S.C. §§ 3101-3128 ('FICA'), as amended, are entitled to receive prejudgment interest on the refund from DoD pursuant to the Back Pay Act, 5 U.S.C. § 5596, as amended. We conclude that these DoD employees are not entitled to receive additional interest from DoD."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Legal Counsel
1994-05-31
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Management of Nuclear Materials
The purpose of this manual is to establish requirements and procedures for the management of nuclear materials within the department of Energy. The objectives of this manual are: Conserve valuable nuclear material resources, distribute nuclear materials needed for DOE and other programs for research, development, and other purposes, optimize nuclear materials production, processing, and inventory management operations, and finally conduct studies and prepare plans for the future use and disposition of nuclear materials including operation of DOE nuclear materials production, processing, and storage facilities.
United States. Department of Energy
1994-05-26
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Deputization of Members of Congress as Special Deputy U.S. Marshals: Memorandum for Francis J. Martin, Acting General Counsel, United States Marshal Service [May 25, 1994]
"You have requested our assistance in determining whether the United States Marshals Service may deputize members of Congress as special Deputy U.S. Marshals. The Director of the Marshals Service is authorized to deputize the following individuals to perform the functions of Deputy Marshals: selected officers or employees of the Department of Justice; federal, state or local law enforcement officers; private security personnel to provide courtroom security for the Federal judiciary; and other persons designated by the Associate Attorney General. […] We believe that deputation of members of Congress is inconsistent with separation of powers principles and with the statutory language and historical practice governing special deputation. First, deputizing members of Congress violates the principle recognized in Bowsher v. Synar, 478 U.S. 714 (1986), that Congress may not exceed its constitutionally prescribed authority by playing a direct role in executing the laws. The Marshals Service is clearly a part of the executive branch and the primary duties of Deputy Marshals are the execution and enforcement of federal law."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Legal Counsel
1994-05-25
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Drug War: The Effects of Policy Change at the Operational Level
"Regardless of its name, 'Drug War' or 'Domestic Drug Problem,' the international drug trade is a threat to the moral fiber of this country as well as its National Security. After a review of policies and results, three questions will be addressed: (1) How do we measure success in the Drug War? (2) Was the past policy ineffective or too expensive? (3) Where does this leave the operational commanders? The results will show that the recent policy change was inappropriate and inconsistent with current objectives. Additionally, that a unilateral policy change effecting an international problem may have undesired long term effects."
Naval War College (U.S.)
Walter, George J.
1994-05-23
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Reconsideration of Applicability of the Davis-Bacon Act to the Veteran Administration's Lease of Medical Facilities: Memorandum for Thomas S. Williamson, Jr., Solicitor, Department of Labor, [and] Mary Lou Keener, General Counsel, Department of Veterans Affairs [May 23, 1994]
"At the request of the Attorney General, we have reviewed the principles and reasoning of a 1988 Office of Legal Counsel opinion concluding that the Davis-Bacon Act did not cover a contract entered into by the Veteran's Administration (now Department of Veterans Affairs) ('VA') for the long-term lease and construction of a building to be used as an outpatient clinic. […] We have concluded that the 1988 Opinion erred in concluding that the plain language of the Davis-Bacon Act bars its application to any lease contract, whether or not the lease contract also calls for construction of a public work or public building. We believe that the applicability of the Davis-Bacon Act to any specific lease contract can be determined only by considering the facts of the particular contract."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Legal Counsel
1994-05-23
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Is There a Need for a CONUS-Based National Missile Defense System to Protect the United States Against Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles in the 21st Century?
"This is an unclassified review of the debate on the necessity to develop and field a ballistic missile defense system for the continental United States. Initially, the paper recounts the rationale for the doctrine of Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) which was the U.S. approach to defense against the massive nuclear arsenal of the Soviet Union. The paper next reviews the threat environment in 1994 and the ongoing worldwide proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (nuclear, biological, chemical). A description of the proposed 'Limited Defense System' for continental protection of the U.S. is followed by a review of present U.S. ballistic missile defense policy and budget. The paper concludes by evaluating the current situation and recommending a prudent course of action for U.S. policy makers, i.e., the projected threat environment warrants deployment of a limited defense system as soon as technology permits."
Marine Corps University (U.S.). Marine Corps War College
Nelson, Gary R.
1994-05-20
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Port Security Instructions
This instruction implements AFPD 10-11, "Operations Security" and Department of Defense (DoD) Directive 5100.78, "United States Port Security Program", August 25, 1986. It assigns Air Force functions and responsibilities for supporting the US Navy in its role as the DoD Port Security Executive Agent. As a part of the Air Force Operations Security Program, it provides additional instructions for controlling critical information and operations security (OPSEC) indicators from foreign vessels admitted into US ports and territorial waters. Reference AFI 10-1101, "Operations Security Instructions" and AFMAN 10-1106, "OPSEC Surveys", for additional instruction on how to deny mission critical information to an adversary. This is the initial publication of AFI 10-1105. It aligns the instruction within the Air Force Operations Security Program under AFPD 10-11 and changes the office of primary responsibility (OPR) from HQ AFOSI/IVOB to HQ USAF/XOXT. It also tells Air Force commanders to implement OPSEC as the first line of defense against the exploitation threat presented by foreign vessels transiting their area of responsibility.
United States. Department of the Air Force
1994-05-19
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Aviation Security: Development of New Security Technology Has Not Met Expectations, Report to Congressional Requesters
Although the Aviation Security Improvement Act of 1990, passed in the wake of the terrorist bombing of Pan Am Flight 103, set goals for deploying new technology to detect explosives, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has made little progress toward introducing new detection systems into everyday use. Several devices show promise, but technical problems are hampering their development and approval. FAA estimates that it could take as long as five years to approve new devices for airline use. Similarly, FAA's efforts to enhance airline survivability are promising but years from completion. GAO identified several weaknesses in FAA's security research program. For example, FAA does not plan to test new explosive detection systems at airports during the certification process. Further, FAA does not (1) do software reviews to evaluate system designs, (2) emphasize integrating different technologies into total systems, and (3) give enough attention to human factors. Purchasing the new security equipment will also place demands on airlines throughout the next decade. Yet FAA lacks a strategy to guide its and the airlines' efforts to introduce this equipment. If FAA expeditiously develops a strategy, the airlines will be in a better position to plan and budget for future security acquisitions. In addition, Congress is considering clarifying the availability of Airport Improvement Program grants to buy explosive detection systems. Several issues need to be resolved before such funds can be used for that purpose.
United States. General Accounting Office
1994-05-19
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Intelligence Preparation of the Future Operational Battlefield
"The demise of the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact left the United States with no single identifiable threat. The 'victory' of the Cold War has not provided the US with a significant 'peace dividend' as predicted, but instead presents an unstable and uncertain world. Future conflicts may present US forces with enemies which do not represent traditional nation-states but are instead formed from ethnic, religious, tribal, criminal, or corporate based groups. The current intelligence preparation of the battlefield (IPB) process provides a useful framework for organizing information required by future commanders. What is lacking, however, is an appreciation for all of the intangible factors which may influence that battlefield based on the potential disparity of actors involved."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Grimsley, William F.
1994-05-17
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Organizing for War: Past and Present
"The monograph begins with a historical examination of the triangular concept that, was the foundation for the Army's reorganization and force design on the eve of World WAR II. Then the monograph examines the pentomic concept which developed during the early years of the Cold War and was the operational concept for the Army until 1961. The historical sketches provide a foundation for analysis using a three part methodology. The methodology considers the strategic requirements that shape the nation's needs for its army, the operational concept that determines how the Army will fight and the system processes that influence the size, shape and complexion of the force. The monograph continues with a discussion of Clausewitz' understanding of the nature of war in relation to the Army's view of military theory and doctrine. It concludes with an examination of the Army's current situation, identifying several problems the Army must carefully consider."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Orlov, II, Morton
1994-05-17
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Authority of Department of Housing and Urban Development to Initiate Enforcement Actions Under the Fair Housing Act Against Other Executive Branch Agencies: Memorandum for James S. Gilliland, General Counsel, Department of Agriculture [May 17, 1994]
"Pursuant to Executive Order 12146, you have asked us to resolve a dispute between the Department of Agriculture ('USDA') and the Department of Housing and Urban Development ('HUD') regarding 'whether a Federal agency, such as USDA, may be a respondent under the enforcement process contained in sections 810-812 and [814] of [the Fair Housing Act, 42 U.S.C. §§ 3601 et seq. ('the Act')], 42 U.S.C. §§ 3610-3612, 3614.' Applying the standard the Supreme Court has used when a particular interpretation or application of an Act of Congress would raise separation of powers or federalism concerns, we believe that because substantial separation of powers concerns would be raised by construing the Act to authorize HUD to initiate enforcement proceedings against other executive branch agencies, we cannot so construe the Act unless it contains an express statement that Congress intended HUD to have such authority. Because the Act does not contain such an express statement, we conclude that it does not grant HUD this authority. In light of this conclusion, we do not decide whether such a grant of authority would be constitutional."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Legal Counsel
1994-05-17
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Ballistic Missile Defense: Putting a Roof over our Forces in the Theater
"This paper examines the development of ballistic missile defense and the concepts that operational commanders should consider to counter growing threats posed by potential adversaries possessing ballistic missiles and weapons of mass destruction (WMD). In Desert Storm, the Scud missiles launched served primarily as terror weapons, as they were not militarily very significant, due to their poor accuracies, conventional warheads, and low launch rates. But, with accelerating technological advances and strong pressures for proliferation of theater ballistic missiles (TBMs) and WMD, regional aggressors will likely resort to using TBMs as a relatively cheap, effective warfighting means. We must anticipate facing more sophisticated, challenging scenarios. Moreover, in the next regional contingency/conflict, it is not likely the enemy win allow us five months for a secure, orderly buildup instead, he may try to quickly interfere with our political and military preparations. Although Patriot appeared successful in the Gulf War, it is inadequate; and regional CINCs must advocate, acquire, integrate, and exercise new systems for theater ballistic missile defense (TBMD). Preparation is key. Also, all CINCs must cooperate to deter aggressors from acquiring and employing WMD, realizing that TBMs in one theater could be launched against targets in another, and that TBMs carrying WMD could have strategic implications. Our forces must not only attempt to deter and deny the enemy; they must also be able to defend against any TBMs launched."
Naval War College (U.S.). Joint Military Operations Department
McHugh, Kevin E.
1994-05-16
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Forward Presence and the Search for Peacetime Influence
From the thesis abstract: "Within the search for peacetime influence, forward presence has gained a new preeminence among the elements of U.S. National Defense Strategy. The proactive nature of forward presence makes it conceptually well suited to seize current opportunities and therefore influence the shape of the future international security environment. The shift in US. National Security Strategy, from containment to enlargement, will force a conceptual shift in what forward presence is asked to do and therefore, how forward presence is done. Promoting peace, democracy, and prosperity are new challenges that will force a departure from the 'gunboat' diplomacy aspects of the Cold War. New methods of conducting forward presence feature engagement, prevention, and partnerships through programs such as nation assistance. The nontradtional aspects of these new methods will, in turn, raise issues which have implications for peacetime employment, force structure, and military training. The strategic importance of forward presence is its relationship to current and future U.S. interests. Currently the United States is in a unique position of trusted world leadership. The longevity of that role is dependent, in part, on how the issue of forward presence is handled. Ultimately, peacetime influence is gained through the totality of all elements of national power: economic, diplomatic, and military. Within the military element, forward presence offers much promise to gain long-term peacetime influence in the accomplishment of national objectives."
Naval War College (U.S.)
Fullenkamp, Bernard H.
1994-05-16
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Simple Timing Channels
Presented at the IEEE [Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers] Computer Society Symposium on Research Security and Privacy in May 1994, this paper discusses cyber security as it relates to communication channels. From the paper: We discuss the different ways of defining channel capacity for certain types of illicit communication channels. We also correct some errors from the literature, offer new proofs of some historical results, and give bounds for channel capacity. Special function techniques are employed to express the results in closed form. We conclude with examples.
Naval Research Laboratory (U.S.)
Moskowitz, Ira S., 1956-; Miller, Allen R.
1994-05-16
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U.S. Logistics Vulnerability: Major Regional Conflict with Iran
From the thesis abstract: "The United States has chosen to emphasize a power projection role for its military. This capability proved itself during Operation Desert Storm. However, Desert Storm also pointed out a significant weakness. To stop the U.S. military, an enemy need only interrupt the logistics chain. How well does the U.S. guard its logistic ability? This paper addresses the possibility that a dedicated, marginally capable opponent could do significant damage to the U.S. logistics system. This in turn could cause the U.S. to abandon or change national priorities."
Naval War College (U.S.). Joint Military Operations Department
Scala, Peter A.
1994-05-16
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Army National Guard Air Defense Artillery Modernization: A Vision for the Future
"Proposed force reductions and the evolution of a new National Military Strategy (NMS) mandate an even more vital role for the Reserve Components in this nation's defense. Studies have proven that one branch where the Reserve Components can make a valuable contribution is Air Defense Artillery. All Reserve Component Air Defense Artillery forces are currently organic to the Army National Guard. To remain a viable part of the total force, these organizations must be assigned realistic missions and manned, trained, equipped, and resourced commensurate with mission requirements. In view of the evolving threat and proposed force structure reductions, this study provides a concept for modernizing Army National Guard Air Defense Artillery organizations to enable them to effectively perform their critical wartime force protection role. Although designed primarily to focus on resourcing warfighting requirements, Air Defense Artillery modernization provides the added benefit of enhancing National Guard capabilities in the counter-drug and operations other than war arenas. Approval of this proposal would enable Army National Guard Air Defense to remain an integral, cost-effective, and viable part of the total force into the 21st century."
Army War College (U.S.)
Gonzales, Michael R.
1994-05-14
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Department of State Action Memorandum: Use of Weapons Against Civil Aircraft
This document presents three policy options for the Secretary's consideration supported by different bureaus within the department. The Office of the Legal Adviser (L) and the Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs (EB) support the Defense Department's decision to suspend "real-time" intelligence sharing, while the Bureau of International Narcotics Matters (INM) and Inter-American Affairs (ARA) oppose the decision. ARA and INM argue that Peru's "more aggressive policy" is working and that "the very threat [that they might be shot down] has had a positive effect in compelling traffickers to land as directed." L and EB counter that the U.S. has been strong in its support for the international prohibition on the use of force against civil aircraft and specifically that, "The prohibition applies whether or not the aircraft in question is suspected of engaging in criminal activity." They warn against making exceptions to this rule arguing that "mistakes are likely to occur under any policy that contemplates the use of weapons against civil aircraft in flight, even as a last resort." The L and EB argument also assets that, "A shoot-down leading to the death of innocent persons would likely be a serious diplomatic embarrassment for the United States, subject the USG to intense criticism before the International Civil Aviation Organization, and undermine our efforts in the Iran Air proceeding at the World Court."
United States. Department of State
1994-05-10
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Eligibility of Involuntary Wartime Relocatees to Japan for Redress Under the Civil Liberties Act of 1988: Memorandum for Deval Patrick, Assistant Attorney General, Civil Rights Division [May 10, 1994]
"This memorandum is in response to your request for this Office's review of the proposed change in eligibility determinations under the Civil Liberties Act of 1988, Pub. L. No. 100-383, 102 Stat. 903 (codified at 50 app. U.S.C. § 1989 (1988)) ('the Act'). The proposed change would extend redress under the Act to minors who accompanied their parents to Japan during World War II and to adults who are able to show that their relocation to Japan during that period was involuntary. We conclude that the proposed change is a reasonable and permissible interpretation of the statute. We also have analyzed the implications of this change as to the deference the Department can expect from a reviewing court in the event of a challenge. An agency interpretation that has been modified or reversed is likely to receive less deference than a consistent and contemporaneous interpretation, but the fact of modification does not preclude a court from granting deference to the new interpretation."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Legal Counsel
1994-05-10
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U.S. Embassy Lima: Suspension of Provision of DOD Real-time Radar Track Data to Peru
On April 28, 1994, the U.S. embassy requested that Peru provide a guarantee that weapons would not be used against "civil aircraft in flight." In response, the Peruvian minister of defense delivered a letter, the text of which is transmitted in this cable, to the embassy. Turning the tables, the minister "suggests" the suspension of all U.S. intelligence flights over Peruvian airspace as well as operations at the U.S.-operated radar site at Yurimaguas, "while the North American government takes a definitive decision" with respect to the sharing of real-time tracking data. The minister also quotes from the Chicago Convention on civil aviation, noting that "every state has full and exclusive sovereignty in the airspace situated over its territory."
United States. Embassy (Peru)
1994-05-09
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Crisis and Opportunity of Information War
"This monograph focuses on the possibility of defeating any and all enemies with an information-intensive force. Clearly, no one currently possesses this capability. However, in the intermediate and long-term, such a force may be within the reach of any post-industrial nation. This monograph explores why this is so, and identifies the major technological 'benchmarks' that must be achieved in order to enable a purely third wave force. Starting with the agrarian notion of the center of gravity, and continuing to the concepts of industrial systems, this monograph will briefly analyze the theories of each of the two preceding 'waves' to determine potential loci of decision. The monograph describes how information systems are starting to form around discrete technological benchmarks that, when eventually integrated, will form a 'knowledge engine' powerful enough to enable commanders to locate and attack the systemic weak point(s) of any enemy."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Smith, Kevin B.
1994-05-06
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Blainey and the Bottom-Up Review: Increased Potential for Miscalculation and War in the 21st Century
"On 1 September, 1993, Secretary of Defense Les Aspin and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, General Colin Powell announced the results of the Clinton Administration's Bottom-up Review (BUR), to determine America's future defense needs. This analysis of the BUR identifies discrepancies with the methodology and underlying assumptions of the BUR. These flaws, in turn, resulted in serious deficiencies in the results of this important work. The BUR's point of departure for an examination of future defense needs was the 1991 demise of the Soviet Union. Rather than develop a comprehensive picture of the nature of war and peace in the 21st Century as a basis for force planning, the BUR assumes limited wars of the DESERT STORM variety are the model for future conflict."
U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. School of Advanced Military Studies
Nicholson, John W., Jr.
1994-05-06
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16th Department of Energy Computer Security Group Training Conference
This report focuses on the proceedings held for the Computer Security Group Training Conference held on May 3-5, 1994 in Denver Colorado. Topics include: "Steve Jackson Games, Communications, Privacy, and Auditing; General IV&V Operations; Binary Authentification Signatures Integrity Standard: System File Integrity for the Masses; Security Evaluation of Smartcard Systems, and more."
United States. Department of Energy
1994-05-05
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Theater Missile Defense: Indigenous Programs and Interest Among U.S. Friends and Allies [May 5, 1994]
The threat posed by weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery, especially missiles, is a growing international concern. Most nations seek to deal with this threat through a combination of arms control and military measures. Only a few allies and friends of the United States, however, appear apprehensive and are considering or seeking to acquire advanced theater missile defense (TMD) capabilities to deal with these threats. Some nations are satisfied with the limited TMD capability they have in the Patriot antitactical missile system, which is designed to defend small areas. Some nations in Europe, such as France and Germany, are beginning to think about acquiring TMD to defend troops they may have deployed overseas in peacekeeping roles, for example. Likewise, nations such as Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan are considering TMD development and procurement in response to perceived regional threats. But only in the case of Israel does a U.S. friend or ally appear committed to acquiring additional TMD capabilities. TMD efforts among U.S. allies and friends are revealing. Most countries who have acquired Patriot antitactical missile systems have negotiated offset agreements that ensure there is not an excessive flow of resources or money out of their country. A number of countries have also received contracts from the United States to conduct TMD research and development, investing relatively little of their own resources. There is little other TMD cooperation among U.S. allies and friends, and the only indigenous TMD programs in other countries remain simply options as they upgrade their alr- defense capabilities.
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Hildreth, Steven A.
1994-05-05
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US Embassy Lima: Your Proposed Visit to Peru
Three days after the Department of Defense announced the suspension of aerial tracking assistance, the U.S. ambassador in Peru sent this message to Pentagon officials requesting that they postpone a planned visit to Peru pending the outcome of the issue. The postponement of the visit, which had been intended to persuade Peru to preserve a counterdrug helicopter unit owned by the State Department, illustrates the extent to which the impasse disrupted U.S. counternarcotics programs in the Andes and reveals the level of frustration felt by U.S. officials in the two countries. "Our inability to define a reliable USG [U.S. government] policy," the ambassador asserts, "leaves us unable to authoritatively resolve the current uncertainty about this aspect of DOD counternarcotics cooperation."
United States. Embassy (Peru)
1994-05-04
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Talking Point: Implication of DoD's Forcedown Decision
State Department frustrations about the Department of Defense decision to suspend the sharing of real-time intelligence are evident in this talking points memorandum, prepared by the Bureau of International Narcotics Matters for a briefing with the Secretary of State. According to the document, the suspension "has undercut our counter-narcotics efforts and damaged our credibility in the hemisphere." The U.S. embassies "were caught completely off-guard" by the decision, and, "Several of our fundamental foreign policy and narcotics control interests are now at risk." U.S. ambassadors in both countries are concerned that the decision will poison other U.S. policy issues and send the wrong signal to narcotics traffickers who are now likely to expand their operations.
United States. Department of State
1994-05-04
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Presidential Decision Directive 24: U.S. Counterintelligence Effectiveness [Fact Sheet]
"The President has directed the creation of a new national counterintelligence policy structure under the auspices of the National Security Council. In addition, he has directed the creation of a new National Counterintelligence Center, initially to be led by a senior executive of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Finally, the President's Decision Directive requires that exchange of senior managers between the CIA and the FBI to ensure timely and close coordination between the intelligence and law enforcement communities. The President's decision to take these significant steps of restructuring U.S. counterintelligence policy and interagency coordination, followed a Presidential Review of U.S. counterintelligence in the wake of the Aldrich Ames espionage investigation. The President, in issuing this Directive, has taken immediate steps to improve our ability to counter both traditional and new threats to our nation's security in the post- Cold War era."
United States. White House Office
1994-05-03
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Presidential Decision Directive: U.S. Counterintelligence Effectiveness
"Many threats to the national security of the United States have been significantly reduced by the break-up of the Soviet Union at the end of the Cold War. Core U.S. concepts -- democracy and market economics -- are more broadly accepted around the world than ever before. Nevertheless, recent events at home and abroad make clear that numerous threats to our national interests -- terrorism, proliferating weapons of mass destruction, ethnic conflicts, sluggish economic growth -- continue to exist and must be effectively addressed. In this context, it is critical that the U.S. maintain a highly effective and coordinated counterintelligence capability."
United States. White House Office; National Security Council (U.S.)
1994-05-03
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Annual Admiral Charles M. Cooke Conference (5th) for Naval Strategists and Planners Held at Newport, Rhode Island on 15-17 March 1994
This memorandum summarizes the presentations and discussions provided at the Cooke Conference. The theme of the conference was Naval Expeditionary Warfare.
Naval War College (U.S.)
McGruther, Kenneth
1994-05-02
