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American Rescue Plan Act, Section 9901-- The Coronavirus State Fiscal Recovery Fund [May 11, 2021]
From the Document: "Section 9901 of the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (ARPA; P.L. [Public Law]117-2) provides a total of $362 billion in general federal payments to state, local, tribal, and territorial governments, $220 billion of which is directed to the Coronavirus State Fiscal Recovery Fund (CSFRF). Similar assistance was provided through the $150 billion Coronavirus Relief Fund [hyperlink] established in the CARES [Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security] Act (P.L. 116-136). This Insight summarizes the assistance provided to the CSFRF, as established in Section 9901 of ARPA. Allocations sorted by state and territory are provided in 'Table 1'. Additional guidance on allocations, timing, and eligible uses are available at the Treasury State and Local Assistance website [hyperlink]. (ARPA also created the Coronavirus Local Fiscal Recovery Fund [CLFRF], discussed in a companion Insight [hyperlink].)"
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Driessen, Grant A.
2021-05-11
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DHS Office of Inspector General: Actions Needed to Address Long-Standing Management Weaknesses, Report to Congressional Requesters
From the Document: "Since fiscal year 2015, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Office of Inspector General (OIG) has not adhered to a number of professional standards for federal OIGs and key practices for effective management. Frequent leadership turnover and associated shifts in leadership priorities have contributed to DHS OIG's long-standing management and operational weaknesses and impeded efforts to address them."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2021-06
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DHS Has Made Limited Progress Implementing the Continuous Diagnostics and Mitigation Program
From the Highlights: "In 2013, the Office of Management and Budget required Federal agencies to establish an Information Security Continuous Monitoring program to identify and respond to emerging cyber threats. DHS established the Continuous Diagnostics and Mitigation program to help agencies monitor and manage cybersecurity vulnerabilities. We conducted this audit to determine whether the program has strengthened the cybersecurity posture within the Department."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of Inspector General
2021-06-01
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Social Security Administration: New Data Exchanges with Some States Provide Limited Information on Foster Care Beneficiaries
From the Document: "Certain children in foster care are eligible to receive funds from the Social Security Administration (SSA). Specifically, qualifying low-income children with a disability may be eligible to receive funds through the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program, and certain children, such as those who are eligible survivors, may receive funds through the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program. [...] The Strengthening Protections for Social Security Beneficiaries Act of 2018 (the Act) included provisions for, among other things, stronger monitoring of representative payees and additional information sharing between SSA and state agencies. Section 103(a) of the Act requires SSA to (1) enter into agreements with states to share and match child welfare and SSA data on a monthly basis, and (2) for any represented minor beneficiary in foster care whose foster care arrangements have changed, redetermine the appropriate representative payee. Additionally, the Act included a provision for GAO to evaluate the number of represented minor beneficiaries in foster care under the responsibility of a state, and for those beneficiaries, the type of representative payee and how the Social Security funds were used.3 This report describes (1) the status of the Section 103(a) data exchanges between SSA and state child welfare agencies, and (2) the available data on the number of represented minor beneficiaries in foster care and, for those beneficiaries, the type of representative payee and the use of Social Security funds."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2021-06-03
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EMR-ISAC: InfoGram, Volume 21 Issue 22, June 3, 2021
The Emergency Management and Response Information Sharing and Analysis Center's (EMR-ISAC) InfoGram is a weekly publication of information concerning the protection of critical infrastructures relevant to members of the Emergency Services Sector. This issue includes the following articles: "Five-year study now underway to determine COVID-19's [coronavirus disease 2019] long-term impacts on first responders"; "CISA [Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency] releases updates to Active Shooter Preparedness Program, encourages preparedness for gun-related violence"; "Transportation Research Board report offers insights on post-hurricane supply chain resilience from 2017 hurricanes Harvey, Irma and Maria"; "R2 Network, a nationwide public safety network connecting first responders and tech innovators, launches free learning hub"; and "Cyber Threats."
Emergency Management and Response-Information Sharing and Analysis Center (U.S.)
2021-06-03
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Science & Tech Spotlight: Digital Vaccine Credentials
From the Document: "Digital vaccine credentials certify that a person has been vaccinated or tested for COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]. Such credentials can be a tool to mitigate COVID-19 transmission as countries seek to safely reopen social and economic activities, including travel. However, challenges related to data protection, interoperability, and equity may limit their use and potential public health benefits."
United States. Government Accountability Office
2021-06
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Rapid Community Assessment Guide [website]
From the Website: "Why conduct a rapid community assessment? [1] To identify communities at risk for low COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] vaccine uptake. [2] To inform future phases of the COVID-19 vaccine rollout. [3] To get an early understanding of what communities are thinking about COVID-19 vaccines and plan for potential solutions to increase confidence and uptake. [4] To identify community leaders, trusted messengers, and other important channels through which you can reach communities. [5] To identify areas of intervention and prioritize potential intervention strategies to increase confidence in and uptake of COVID-19 vaccine."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
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Organized Crime in the Levant: Conflict, Transactional Relationships and Identity Dynamics
From the Executive Summary: "The Middle East, a region with a long history and culture, has made important contributions to society as the cradle of civilization. Unfortunately, in contemporary times, the region has been marred by instability, power plays and conflict, most recently against the backdrop of the global coronavirus pandemic. This volatility not only undermines the roles of the region's institutions, national economies and the day-to-day lives of its populations, but has also had a significant impact on organized crime and illicit flows. [...] Although organized crime has always been a feature in the region, illicit activities and flows have begun to rise in the context of this recent tumultuous backdrop - a growth facilitated by public disorder, deterioration in the capacity of state law-enforcement agencies and economic hardship. In the Levant, the effects of the Arab Spring a decade ago have triggered a protracted and brutal conflict in Syria, which has not only made violence and instability the norm in the country, but also affected its neighbours' political stability, social cohesion, and licit and illicit economies. Additionally, like much of the world, the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic has placed further strain on the Levant's already weakened health, economic and social structures, fuelling uncertainty about citizens' welfare and the region's ability to recover. COVID-19 has also renewed opportunities for illicit activities to thrive and become a permanent and pervasive fixture in the region - even after the conflict ends and a vaccine is found."
Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime
Adal, Laura
2021-02
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COVID-19 Vaccine Confidence: Rapid Community Assessment Guide
From the Document: "This rapid community assessment guide is for staff of state and local health departments involved in various aspects of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] vaccine planning who wish to better understand their community's needs regarding hesitancy and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines. This guide may also be relevant for coalitions, hospitals, health systems/clinics, and other organizations that have strong connections with the communities they serve and want to respond to questions and concerns regarding COVID-19 vaccines. While the guide is intended to be customized and used independently by state and local public health staff, in some instances, technical assistance may be available through CDC (e.g., strike teams) and other partners with experience in this area."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2021-02
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COVID-19 Vaccine Confidence: Rapid Community Assessment Mini Guide
From the Introduction: "The rapid community assessment guide is for staff of state and local health departments involved in various aspects of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] vaccine planning who wish to better understand their community's needs. This guide may also be relevant for coalitions, hospitals, health systems/clinics, and other organizations that have strong connections with the communities they serve and want to respond to questions and concerns regarding COVID-19 vaccines."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
2021-02
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Examples of Evidence-Based Solutions to Increase Vaccine Confidence and Uptake
For working with communities experiencing vaccination hesitancy or mistrust, this document "provides a list of solutions/interventions to address specific issues identified by rapid community assessment."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
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Congressional Budget Office Cost Estimate: H.R. 922, Crimea Annexation Non-Recognition Act
This is the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Cost Estimate as ordered reported by the House Committee on Foreign Affairs on May 19, 2021. From the Document: "H.R. 922 would prohibit federal departments or agencies from taking any action that implies recognition of Russia's claim of sovereignty over Crimea, its airspace, or its territorial waters. The Administration considers Crimea to be part of Ukraine and Russia's occupation of it to be illegal; therefore, CBO estimates that enacting H.R. 922 would not affect its behavior or the federal budget."
United States. Congressional Budget Office
2021-06-03
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Puerto Rico's Public Debts: Accumulation and Restructuring [Updated May 18, 2021]
From the Introduction: "Puerto Rico's public debts, which totaled just over $70 billion when the Puerto Rico Oversight, Management, and Economic Stability Act (P.L. [Public Law] 114-187; PROMESA) became law on June 30, 2016, are now in the midst of one of the largest restructurings of public debt in U.S. history. Puerto Rico's fiscal troubles fell under national scrutiny during summer 2013, after the City of Detroit's bankruptcy filing reminded investors that municipal bonds are not risk free, and after the financial press noted the precarious state of Puerto Rico's public finances. Beyond the consequences for the island, likely to last decades, the restructuring of Puerto Rico's public debts could inform future federal responses to fiscal strains faced by some state and local governments. [...] This report outlines the accumulation of Puerto Rico's debt and the restructuring of the island's public debt through processes established by PROMESA. Puerto Rico's postwar economic development strategy of industrialization, as noted below, faltered after the 1973 energy crisis. Acute fiscal crises in 2006-2007 and 2013-2016 resulted in debt levels that could neither be sustained nor addressed through the Bankruptcy Code, which led to PROMESA's enactment. This report focuses on the largest portions of the island's public debt."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Austin, D. Andrew
2021-05-18
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Honduran-U.S. Relations [July 25, 2012]
"Porfirio Lobo was inaugurated president of Honduras in January 2010, assuming power after seven months of domestic political crisis and international isolation that had resulted from the June 2009 ouster of President Manuel Zelaya. While the strength of Lobo's National Party in the legislature has enabled his administration to pass much of its policy agenda, Lobo has had limited success in resolving the many challenges facing Honduras. Efforts to foster political reconciliation, for example, have helped Honduras secure international recognition but have only partially diminished domestic polarization. Lobo is relatively unpopular over halfway through his four-year term with 59% of Hondurans disapproving of his performance in office in May 2012. The poor security and human rights situation in Honduras has continued to deteriorate under President Lobo. Honduras has one of the highest homicide rates in the world, and common crime remains widespread. Moreover, human rights abuses--which increased significantly in the aftermath of Zelaya's ouster--have persisted. A number of inter-related factors have likely contributed to this situation, including the increasing presence of organized crime, weak government institutions, and widespread corruption. Although the government has adopted a number of policy reforms designed to address these challenges, conditions have yet to improve. […] The appropriations committees in both houses of Congress have included similar provisions in their FY2013 appropriations bills for the State Department, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs, H.R. 5857 and S. 3241. Additional legislation introduced in June 2011, H.R. 2200, would limit U.S. assistance to Honduras unless the President certifies that the Government of Honduras has settled all outstanding expropriation claims brought by U.S. companies."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Meyer, Peter J.
2012-07-25
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Racial Health Disparities Highlight Why We Need to Address Structural Racism, Statement of Kilolo Kijakazi,before the Committee on Health, Council of the District of Columbia, November 5, 2020
This is the November 5, 2020 testimony of Kilolo Kijakazi on "Racial Health Disparities Highlight Why We Need to Address Structural Racism," held before the Committee on Health of the Council of the District of Columbia. From the Document: "COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] is one of the greatest health crises of our time. In April of this year, data began to reveal an alarming trend: Black families and other families of color face a much higher risk of contracting and dying from the virus. Public officials have focused on the underlying health issues disproportionately affecting these communities, such as diabetes and hypertension, as contributors to the larger impact of COVID-19. But it is important to go further and examine the root cause of these racial disparities in underlying health conditions. Research has shown that differences in access to high-quality jobs and economic stability, quality education, health care services, and quality neighborhoods contribute to racial inequities in health. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicate that the conditions where people live, learn, work, and play affect a wide range of health outcomes. These are the social determinants of health. Structural racism is a root cause of this unequal access to the health- and opportunity-promoting social determinants that drive the racial health inequities laid bare by COVID-19. Structural racism consists of the policies, programs, and institutional practices that facilitate the well-being of white families while creating barriers to the well-being of families of color."
Urban Institute
Kijakazi, Kilolo, 1956-
2020-11-05
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Small Business Size Standards: A Historical Analysis of Contemporary Issues [July 23, 2012]
"Small business size standards are of congressional interest because the standards determine eligibility for receiving Small Business Administration (SBA) assistance as well as federal contracting and tax preferences. Although there is bipartisan agreement that the nation's small businesses play an important role in the American economy, there are differences of opinion concerning how to define them. The Small Business Act of 1953 (P.L. 83-163, as amended) authorized the SBA to establish size standards for determining eligibility for federal small business assistance. […] This report provides a historical examination of the SBA's size standards, assesses competing views concerning how to define a small business, and discusses how the Small Business Jobs Act of 2010 might affect program eligibility. It also discusses H.R. 585, the Small Business Size Standard Flexibility Act of 2011, which would authorize the SBA's Office of Chief Counsel for Advocacy to approve or disapprove a size standard proposed by a federal agency if it deviates from the SBA's size standards. The SBA's Administrator currently has that authority. It also discusses H.R. 3987, the Small Business Protection Act of 2012, and H.R. 4310, the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013, which would require the SBA to make available a justification when establishing or approving a size standard that the size standard is appropriate for each individual industry classification within a grouping of four-digit NAICS [North American Industry
Classification System] codes. These two bills also address the SBA's recent practice of combining size standards within industrial groups as a means to reduce the complexity of its size standards and to provide greater consistency for industries that have similar economic characteristics."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Dilger, Robert Jay, 1954-
2012-07-23
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Navy Ohio Replacement (SSBN[X]) Ballistic Missile Submarine Program: Background and Issues for Congress [July 26, 2012]
"The Navy's proposed FY2013 budget requests $564.9 million for continued research and development work on the Ohio replacement program (ORP), a program to design and build a new class of 12 ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs) to replace the Navy's current force of 14 Ohioclass SSBNs. The Ohio replacement program is also known as the SSBN(X) program. Under the Navy's FY2012 budget, the first Ohio replacement boat was scheduled to be procured in FY2019, and Ohio replacement boats were to enter service on a schedule that would maintain the Navy's SSBN force at 12 boats. The Navy's proposed FY2013 budget defers the procurement of the first Ohio replacement boat by two years, to FY2021. As a result of this deferment, the Navy's SSBN force will drop to 11 or 10 boats for the period FY2029-FY2041. The Navy estimates the average procurement cost of boats 2 through 12 in the Ohio replacement program at $5.6 billion each in FY2010 dollars, and is working to reduce that figure to a target of $4.9 billion each in FY2010 dollars. Even with this cost-reduction effort, observers are concerned about the impact the Ohio replacement program will have on the Navy's ability to procure other types of ships at desired rates in the 2020s and early 2030s. […] This report focuses on the Ohio replacement program as a Navy shipbuilding program. CRS [Congressional Research Service] Report RL33640, 'U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces: Background, Developments, and Issues', by Amy F. Woolf, discusses the SSBN(X) as an element of future U.S. strategic nuclear forces in the context of strategic nuclear arms control agreements."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
O'Rourke, Ronald
2012-07-26
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Country-of-Origin Labeling for Foods and the WTO Trade Dispute on Meat Labeling [August 1, 2012]
"Most retail food stores are now required to inform consumers about the country of origin of fresh fruits and vegetables, fish, shellfish, peanuts, pecans, macadamia nuts, ginseng, and ground and muscle cuts of beef, pork, lamb, chicken, and goat. The rules are required by the 2002 farm bill (P.L. 107-171) as amended by the 2008 farm bill (P.L. 110-246). Other U.S. laws have required such labeling, but only for imported food products already pre-packaged for consumers. The final rule to implement country-of-origin labeling (COOL) took effect on March 16, 2009. Both the authorization and implementation of COOL by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service have been controversial. Much attention has focused on the labeling rules that now apply to meat and meat products. A number of livestock and food industry groups continue to oppose COOL as costly and unnecessary. They and the main livestock exporters to the United States--Canada and Mexico--view the requirement as trade-distorting. Others, including some cattle and consumer groups, maintain that Americans want and deserve to know the origin of their foods, and point out that many U.S. trading partners have labeling laws. […] If this cannot be done quickly, WTO [World Trade Organization] rules call for implementation within a reasonable period of time. U.S. options would be to consider regulatory and/or statutory changes to the COOL regulations and/or law. If the United States does not comply, Canada and Mexico would have the right to seek compensation or authorization to retaliate against imports from the United States."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Jurenas, Remy; Greene, Joel L.
2012-08-01
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Arms Sales: Congressional Review Process [Updated May 24, 2021]
From the Document: "This report reviews the process and procedures that currently apply to congressional consideration of foreign arms sales proposed by the President. This includes consideration of proposals to sell major defense equipment, defense articles and services, or the retransfer to other states of such military items. In general, the executive branch, after complying with the terms of applicable U.S. law, principally contained in the Arms Export Control Act (AECA) (P.L. [Public Law] 90-629, 82 Stat. 1320), is free to proceed with an arms sales proposal unless Congress passes legislation prohibiting or modifying the proposed sale. The President has the obligation under the law to submit the arms sale proposal to Congress, but only after he has determined that he is prepared to proceed with any such notifiable arms sales transaction. The AECA also contains the statutory authority for the Foreign Military Sales (FMS) program, under which the U.S. government sells U.S. defense equipment, services, and training on a government-to-government basis. In addition, the law specifies criteria for Direct Commercial Sales (DCS) of U.S.-government licensed defense articles and services directly from U.S. firms to eligible foreign governments and international organizations."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Kerr, Paul K.
2021-05-24
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Covid Performance Index: Constructing Pandemic Responses
From the Overview: "Coronavirus continues to spread worldwide with more than 120 million confirmed cases across 190 countries and two million deaths as of mid-March 2021. For nearly a year, governments and societies have been turned inwards to fight an invisible enemy, exposing competing structures, vulnerabilities, and political priorities. The pandemic has also given rise to an 'infodemic' of narratives and counter-narratives about what kinds of states are inherently better suited to combatting the virus. This Interactive explores how more than 100 countries with publicly available and comparable data on the virus have managed the pandemic in the 43 weeks following their hundredth confirmed case of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019], using data available to 13 March 2021. Countries have been sorted into broad categories -- by regions, political systems, population size, and economic development -- to determine whether significant variations exist between different types of states in the handling of the pandemic."
Lowy Institute for International Policy
2021
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States Opting Out of COVID-19 Unemployment Insurance (UI) Agreements [May 24, 2021]
From the Document: "In response to the recent recession [hyperlink] caused by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Congress created several temporary Unemployment Insurance (UI) programs through the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act (P.L. [Public Law] 116-136 [hyperlink]), and extended these programs through P.L. 116-260 [hyperlink] and P.L. 117-2 [hyperlink]. Recently, 23 states have announced their intention to terminate their agreements to pay COVID-19 UI benefits."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Whittaker, Julie M.; Isaacs, Katelin P., 1980-
2021-05-24
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Violations of Detention Standards Amid COVID-19 Outbreak at La Palma Correctional Center in Eloy, AZ
From the Highlights: "Treatment and care of detainees at facilities can be challenging and vary greatly. In accordance with the 'Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2019,' we conduct annual unannounced inspections of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) detention facilities to ensure compliance with detention standards. Between August and November 2020, we conducted a remote inspection of the La Palma Correctional Center (LPCC) to evaluate compliance with ICE detention standards and COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] requirements."
United States. Department of Homeland Security. Office of Inspector General
2021-03-30
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Human Costs of Local Fiscal Crises During COVID-19
From the Introduction: "COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] has dire implications for the vitality of US cities. While cities play a crucial role in the direct provision of essential services that will affect the health and economic security of millions of Americans, they are also ground zero for a deep fiscal crisis. A recent National League of Cities survey of 485 cities reveals that nearly 90 percent of cities will be less able in FY 2021 than in FY 2020 to meet their fiscal needs. In the immediate term, US state and local governments anticipate a budget shortfall of nearly $500 billion through the end of 2022. Revenue shortfalls in some cities could be as high as 20 percent in Fiscal Year 2021. Behind these numbers lay potentially devastating consequences for all citizens and communities alike. Looking back to the Great Recession (GR) of 2008-09, we identify some of the likely local impacts of the economic downturn in the absence of federal intervention. While often ignored in national coverage of the recession, they have left an indelible mark on US cities and, by extension, the overall economy."
National League of Cities
Reinecke, David; Rocco, Philip
2020
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More Than a Shot in the Arm: The Need for Additional COVID-19 Stimulus, Virtual Hearing Before the Committee on Financial Services, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventeenth Congress, First Session, February 4, 2021
This is the February 4, 2021 hearing on "More Than a Shot in the Arm: The Need for Additional COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] Stimulus," held before the U.S. House Committee on Financial Services. From the opening statement of Maxine Waters: "Our focus today is on the urgent need for Congress to provide additional stimulus to address the COVID-19 pandemic crisis.
Following his decisive victory in the November election, President Biden has a mandate to move on his agenda and lead the nation out of this crisis. Finally, we have real leadership in the White
House to provide a serious, comprehensive response to this virus." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Clarence E. Anthony, Derrick Johnson, Janet Murguia, and Michael R. Strain.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2021
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Slipping Through the Cracks: Policy Options to Help America's Consumers During the Pandemic, Virtual Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Consumer Protection and Financial Institutions of the Committee on Financial Services, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventeenth Congress, First Session, March 11, 2021
This is the March 11, 2021 virtual hearing "Slipping Through the Cracks: Policy Options to Help America's Consumers During the Pandemic," held before the U.S. House Subcommittee on Consumer Protection and Financial Institutions of the Committee on Financial Services. From the opening statement of Ed Perlmutter: "The purpose of this hearing is to explore gaps in consumer protections during the pandemic, and to evaluate policy responses to ensure that all consumers and small business owners can get through this period of uncertainty and share in the economic recovery. The hearing will also address racial and economic disparities exacerbated by the pandemic. Specifically, today we will explore issues in debt collection, credit reporting, private student loans, non-agency-backed mortgages, small businesses, and commercial rent." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Joel Griffith, Ashley C. Harrington, Robert E. James II, Carla Sanchez-Adams, and Valarie Shultz-Wilson.
United States. Government Publishing Office
2021
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Securing Small-Business and Home Internet of Things (IoT) Devices: Mitigating Network-Based Attacks Using Manufacturer Usage Description (MUD)
From the Abstract: "The goal of the Internet Engineering Task Force's Manufacturer Usage Description (MUD) specification is for Internet of Things (IoT) devices to behave as the devices' manufacturers intended. MUD provides a standard way for manufacturers to indicate the network communications that a device requires to perform its intended function. When MUD is used, the network will automatically permit the IoT device to send and receive only the traffic it requires to perform as intended, and the network will prohibit all other communication with the device, thereby increasing the device's resilience to network-based attacks. In this project, the NCCoE [National Cybersecurity Center of Excellence] demonstrated the ability to ensure that when an IoT device connects to a home or small-business network, MUD can automatically permit the device to send and receive only the traffic it requires to perform its intended function. This NIST [National Institute of Standards and Technology] Cybersecurity Practice Guide explains how MUD protocols and tools can reduce the vulnerability of IoT devices to botnets and other network-based threats as well as reduce the potential for harm from exploited IoT devices. It also shows IoT device developers and manufacturers, network equipment developers and manufacturers, and service providers who employ MUD-capable components how to integrate and use MUD to satisfy IoT users' security requirements."
National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.); National Cybersecurity Center of Excellence
Dodson, Donna F.; Montgomery, Doug; Polk, Tim, 1962- . . .
2021-05
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Post-COVID-19 EU-Southern Neighbourhood Trade Relations
From the Executive Summary: "The European Union (EU) is a key trade partner, both in terms of goods and services, for the countries in its Southern Neighbourhood (SN): Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt, Israel, Palestine, Jordan and Lebanon. The economic (and otherwise) relationship between the two partners is governed by the Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreements (EMAAs), which came into force from the early to mid-2000s. The ongoing COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic has, however, affected the trade exchange between the two, just as it has an adverse impact on trade globally."
EuroMeSCo; IEMed
Sidło, Katarzyna W.; Kamel, Esmat Mostafa; Suleiman, Hussein . . .
2021-05
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COVID-19 Air Traffic Visualization: A New Tool Helps Analyze Commercial Air Travel Involving Infected Passengers
From the Webpage: "Cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was first reported in Wuhan, China, have been confirmed in all 50 U.S. states. In this report--the first of several from a RAND Corporation team examining the role of commercial air travel in the COVID-19 pandemic--we quantify potential vectors of virus transmission to the United States as a result of commercial air travel. Understanding the COVID-19 propagation patterns, regionally and globally, will help policymakers mitigate the resulting threats to public health."
RAND Corporation
Hanson, Russell; Mouton, Christopher A.; Grissom, Adam . . .
2020
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COVID-19 Air Traffic Visualization: African Anchor States Face Higher Risk of Importing COVID-19 Cases
From the Webpage: "In this report--one of several from a RAND Corporation team examining the role of commercial air travel in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic--we use our COVID-19 Air Traffic Visualization (CAT-V) tool to quantify the potential vectors of transmission to countries in the U.S. Africa Command (AFRICOM) area of responsibility (AOR), which encompasses every country in Africa except Egypt. The tool combines COVID-19 case data from Johns Hopkins University with detailed air travel data from the International Air Transport Association."
RAND Corporation
Hanson, Russell; Mouton, Christopher A.; Grissom, Adam . . .
2020
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COVID-19 Air Traffic Visualization: Worldwide Spread of COVID-19 Accelerated Starting on February 19, 2020
From the Webpage: "In this report--one of several from a RAND Corporation team examining the role of commercial air travel in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic--we use our COVID-19 Air Traffic Visualization (CAT-V) tool to estimate when COVID-19 transmission via commercial air travel began to rapidly accelerate throughout the world. The tool combines daily COVID-19 case data from Johns Hopkins University with detailed air travel data, including travelers' country of origin and country of destination, from the International Air Transport Association (IATA)."
RAND Corporation
Hanson, Russell; Mouton, Christopher A.; Grissom, Adam . . .
2020
