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National Transportation Safety Board Aircraft Accident Report: United Airlines Flight 232
This report explains the crash of a United Airlines McDonnell Douglas DC-l0-10 in Sioux City, Iowa, on July 19, 1989. The safety issues discussed in the report are engine fan rotor assembly design, certification, manufacturing, and inspection; maintenance and inspection of engine fan rotor assemblies; hydraulic flight control system design, certification, and protection from uncontained engine debris; cabin safety, including infant restraint systems; and aircraft rescue and firefighting facilities.
United States. National Transportation Safety Board
1990-11-01?
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National Security Directive 52: The FY 1991 Sculpin Nuclear Test Program
In National Security Directive (NSD) 52, President H.W. Bush directs that "in implementing the Sculpin program the following guidance will apply: -- All tests associated with Sculpin will be conducted in compliance with the Limited Test Ban Treaty, with the National Environmental Policy Act and all other relevant environmental law and regulations. -- The Department of Energy shall review each test with design yields near 150 kilotons to reasonably ensure that the device yield does not exceed the Threshold Test Ban Treaty limit. -- It is likely that the Threshold Ban Treaty, along with its new verification protocol, will come into force during the period of implementation of the treaty " granting Soviet inspectors the access allowed by the treaty while protecting classified information and minimizing interference in the U.S. test program " will require careful and close cooperation among U.S. agencies. The testing agency shall continue to coordinate public affairs activities related to the implementation of the Sculpin program, as appropriate, in advance of test events."
United States. White House Office
1990-10-22
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National Security Directive 50: Decisions on START and CFE Issues
In National Security Directive (NSD) 50, President H.W. Bush states, "I remain committed to achieving START and CFE agreements that enhance U.S. national security and strengthen international stability. Consistent with that objective, completion of both treaties during the remainder of 1990 remains as important goal. I have made the following decisions to achieve these two objectives."
United States. White House Office
1990-10-12
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Methodology for Analyzing Global Reach -- Global Power
In response to the extraordinary international developments of the past few years, the Secretary of the Air Force published a white paper, The Air Force and U.S. National Security: Global Reach--Global Power in June 1990. Secretary Rice's paper describes a planning framework to develop Air Force capabilities which, combined with the capabilities of the Army, Navy, and Marines, will underwrite U.S. national security strategy. The changing environment offers significant challenges to the analysis community. To meet these challenges, the Air Force Center for Studies and Analyses has developed an analytical framework and methodology for analyzing Air Force capabilities to provide Global Reach--Global Power.
United States. Department of the Air Force
Parnell, Gregory S.; Eilers, Richard L.; Richard, Philip A.
1990-10-11
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National Security Directive 48: Nuclear Weapons Deployment Authorization for FY 1990 and FY 1991
In National Security Directive (NSD) 48, President H.W. Bush directs that "the Secretary of Defense is authorized to deploy nuclear weapons during FY 1990 and FY 1991 as indicated in the Tables 1 and 2, subject to future policy and programming decisions. Deployment figures are end-fiscal-year levels and are to be achieved in an orderly manner consistent with operational requirements."
United States. White House Office
1990-10-10
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Joint Department of Energy/Department of Defense Nuclear Weapon System Safety, Security, and Control Activities
This DOE order establishes policy, procedures, authorities, and responsibilities addressing joint nuclear weapon and nuclear weapon system safety, security, and control activities in conjunction with the Department of Defense.
United States. Department of Energy
1990-10-10
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National Security Directive 47: Counterintelligence and Security Countermeasures
In National Security Directive (NSD) 47, President H.W. Bush directs that "our CI [counterintelligence] and SCM [security countermeasures] initiatives should focus on the following goals. We must: -- Anticipate, detect, and neutralize human and technical operations conducted by foreign intelligence services targeting U.S. interests. -- Adapt to the CI and security implications of the new U.S. policy of furthering the political and economic integration of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe into the world economy. " Reduce our vulnerabilities to intelligence exploitation by foreign services within the United States and abroad by enhancing the security and CI integrity of our programs, operations, personnel, and installations worldwide. -- Maintain an effective mechanism to plan for and forecast the changing CI and SCM environments worldwide; to recommend operational, analytic, and security initiatives; to identify priority targets and resources; and to address evolving issues. To achieve these goals, we should emphasize offensive initiatives but also provide defensive enhancements and allocate resources in accordance with these priorities as ranked."
United States. White House Office
1990-10-05
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Chemical Warfare and Chemical/Biological Defense Research Program Obligations
Public Law 91-121 required the Department of Defense to make an annual report to Congress on the funds obligated for chemical warfare and biological defense research, development and procurement programs. Contents of this report include: Chemical research, defensive equipment program, chemical agent alarm technology, chemical detection and identification technology, chemical decontamination investigation, physical protection against chemical agents, remote sensing alarms, protective masks, biological research, and biological defense against biological agents.
United States. Department of Defense
1990-09-30
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Plan to Address Issues Related to the Persian Gulf Crisis, National Security and International Affairs Division
"Operation 'Desert Shield' has become one of the most significant multinational military operations in the past 40 years - one that holds long-term implications for the United States. How well the United States will fare in the crisis and the aftermath is uncertain at this point. However, it could be a significant sign of our military posture and standing in world affairs into the next century. We have prepared this plan to guide our efforts in evaluating issues arising from the Persian Gulf crisis. We have received several requests from the Congress related to some of these issues and expect to receive other requests. Our work is intended to assist US. policymakers, government administrators, and legislators in decisions they face as events unfold in the region."
United States. General Accounting Office
1990-10
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Customs Automation: Weakness in Revenue Collection at John F. Kennedy International Airport, Report to the Regional Commissioner, U.S. Customs Service, New York Region
GAO reviewed Customs Service's John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK) Area Office's security, controls, and accountability over revenue collection. GAO found that: (1) physical security weaknesses at the cashier's office in the JFK Area Office included uncontrolled checks, an unlocked safe, unlocked doors, and inappropriate access; (2) inadequate separation of duties existed; (3) employees failed to adhere to stated procedures pertaining to accountability, control, and storage of prenumbered collection documents; (4) the JFK office untimely deposited revenue, resulting in lost interest revenue; (5) there was an excessive number of prenumbered collection documents in use; (6) Customs' deposit information system cited some inaccurate collection dates for some deposits; (7) some inspectors failed to timely turn their collections into the cashier's office; and (8) the identified weaknesses substantially heightened the office's vulnerability to fraud, waste, and abuse.
United States. General Accounting Office
1990-09-27
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Report on the Survey of DoD Personnel Security Investigation Policies for Personnel that Transfer into a DoD Component
"The survey was initiated because of a continuing perception that individuals thought to have been appropriately investigated by a losing Government agency or DoD Component were being unnecessarily investigated when they transferred between Government agencies or DoD Components."
United States. Department of Defense. Office of the Inspector General
1990-09-19
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International Terrorism: FBI Investigates Domestic Activities to Identify Terrorists, Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Civil and Constitutional Rights, Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives
Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed investigation cases from the Federal Bureau of Investigation's (FBI) international terrorism program to determine: (1) the basis on which FBI opened investigations; (2) the scope and result of the investigations; (3) whether FBI monitored First Amendment activities; and (4) the reasons FBI closed investigations. GAO found that: (1) FBI opened 52.4 percent of cases because it suspected that individuals or groups were involved in terrorist activities; (2) FBI opened 11.5 percent of cases involving individuals affiliated with foreign countries that sponsored terrorism; (3) FBI opened 18.0 percent of cases for other reasons and 18.1 percent of cases for a combination of those reasons; (4) FBI indexed information about individuals who were not investigation subjects in approximately 47.8 percent of the cases and indexed information about groups which were not investigation subjects in 11.6 percent of cases; (5) FBI closed about 67.5 percent of cases because it did not develop evidence to indicate that the subjects were engaging in international terrorism activities; (6) it could not determine if FBI abused individuals' First Amendment rights or whether FBI had a reasonable basis to monitor such activities; (7) U.S. citizens or permanent resident aliens were subjects in 38.0 percent of the investigations; (8) FBI monitored First Amendment-type activities in 11.5 percent of the cases; (9) FBI gathered information by directly observing or obtaining information from other sources; and (10) FBI removal of information it considered sensitive from files limited GAO access to information and its ability to develop overall conclusions regarding the program.
United States. General Accounting Office
1990-09-07
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Four-Fatality Fire in Residential Board and Care Facility, Bessemer, Alabama
"A fire at the Wilson Home for the Elderly on September 19, 1990 killed four residents. The fire is believed to have been caused by an elderly resident dropping lighted pipe tobacco or a match on a sofa having a cloth material covering a polyurethane cushion. There was no indication of a slow smoldering fire having occurred, making investigators further believe that ignition was most probably a discarded lit match, causing immediate ignition. Eleven other residents were saved by the quick action of a 16-year-old son of an employee. Although the structure was equipped with an automatic sprinkler system, the system failed to extinguish or control the fire because it was being supplied only by a 1/2-inch domestic water line, rather than a 2-inch dedicated line off the main which it should have had. The fire resulted in the deaths of four residents who were asleep in their rooms in the rear portion of the structure. Presented in Appendix F is a supplementary fire report which shows, in contrast, the effective control of a fire by a sprinkler system. A fire started by a candle was contained to the room of origin in a large, 600-bed dormitory at Montevallo State College, Alabama, on October 4, 1990."
United States Fire Administration
1990-09
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Security Training Symposium: 'Meeting the Challenge- Firearms and Explosives Recognition and Detection'
"These conference proceedings have been prepared in support of the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission's 'Security Training Symposium on Meeting the Challenge -- Firearms and Explosives Recognition and Detection', November 28 through 30, 1989, in Bethesda, Maryland. This document contains the edited transcripts of the guest speakers. It also contains some of the speakers' formal papers that were distributed and some of the slides that were shown at the symposium (Appendix A)."
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
1990-09-01
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Health Effects Associated with Energy Conservation Measures in Commercial Buildings, Volume 2: Review of the Literature
"Indoor air quality can be impacted by hundreds of different chemicals. More than 900 different organic compounds alone have been identified in indoor air. Health effects that could arise from exposure to individual pollutants - or mixtures of pollutants cover the full range of acute and chronic effects, including largely reversible responses, such as rashes and irritations, to the irreversible toxic and carcinogenic effects. These indoor contaminants are emitted from a large variety of materials and substances that are widespread components of everyday life. Pacific Northwest Laboratory conducted a search of the peer-reviewed literature on health effects associated with indoor air contaminants for the Bonneville Power Administration to aid the agency in the preparation of environmental documents. Results are reported in two volumes. Volume 1 summarizes the results of the search of the peer-reviewed literature on health effects associated with a selected list of indoor air contaminants. In addition, the report discusses potential health effects of polychlorinated biphenyls and chlorofluorocarbons. All references to the literature reviewed are found in Volume 2. Volume 2 provides detailed information from the literature reviewed, summarizes potential health effects, reports health hazard ratings, and discusses quantitative estimates of carcinogenic risk in humans and animals."
United States. Department of Energy
Stenner, Robert D.; Baechler, Michael C.
1990-09
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Health Effects Associated with Energy Conservation Measures in Commercial Buildings Volume 1: Summary
"Indoor air quality can conceivably be impacted by hundreds of different chemicals. More than 900 different organic compounds alone have been identified in indoor air. The health effects that could potentially arise from exposure to individual pollutants or mixtures of pollutants cover the full range of acute and chronic effects, including largely reversible responses, such as rashes and irritations, as well as irreversible toxic and carcinogenic effects. These indoor contaminants are emitted from a large variety of materials and substances that are widespread components of everyday life. Pacific Northwest Laboratory conducted a search of the peer-reviewed literature on health effects associated with indoor air contaminants for the Bonneville Power Administration to aid the agency in the preparation of environmental documents. The results of this search are reported in two volumes. Volume 1 is a summary of the results of the literature search; Volume 2 is the complete results of the literature search and contains all references to the material reviewed. The health effects information available for each contaminant varies widely. A vast amount of health-effects-related information is available on some of the contaminants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls and formaldehyde. However, very little or no information is available on others, such as apinene and octene. Although for some contaminants the information provided in this report may be limited, it reflects what is available at this time."
United States. Department of Energy
Stenner, Robert D.; Baechler, Michael C.
1990-09
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Mandates: Cases In State-Local Relations
Mandates are a continual source of friction among governments; many policymakers and scholars foresee an increase in unfunded federal and state mandates. These factors suggest that intergovernmental tensions will continue to rise unless the Congress and state legislatures establish more successful and intergovernmental cooperative methods for dealing with mandate issues. This information report provides examples from seven states that have used a variety of approaches to address state-local tensions created by mandates. We hope this report will help state and local officials in all 50 states find acceptable intergovernmental means to resolve the inevitable tensions created by mandates and to restore vitality to local self-government. The success of any mandates strategy will depend on the extent to which it represents agreement between state and local governments and is followed in good faith by all parties.
United States. Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations
1990-09
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Earthquake Resistant Construction of Electric Transmission and Telecommunication Facilities Serving the Federal Government
"The vulnerability of electrical transmission and telecommunication facilities to damage in past earthquakes, as well as available standards and technologies to protect these facilities against earthquake damage are reviewed. An overview is presented of measures taken by various Federal agencies to protect electrical transmission and telecommunication facilities against earthquake hazards. It is concluded that while most new facilities which are owned and operated by Federal agencies are presently designed to provide some, though not necessarily adequate, earthquake resistance, there generally is no effort to retrofit existing facilities. No evidence was found of requirements to protect electrical transmission and communication facilities which have major contractual obligations to serve the Federal Government and only limited seismic design requirements are stipulated for electrical transmission systems constructed with Federal funding. It is recommended that Federal guidelines be developed for minimum levels of seismic design of electrical transmission and telecommunication systems."
United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
Yokel, Felix Y.
1990-09
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Nuclear Weapon Accident Response Procedures (NARP) Manual, 1990
"The purpose of this Manual is to provide the On-Scene Commander and his or her planning staff with a single, comprehensive document that summarizes procedural guidance, technical information, and DoD responsibilities for responding to an accident involving nuclear weapons. The NARP also describes the substantial resources in other Federal Agencies that can be made available to assist in the response effort. It should serve as a guide for more detailed planning for nuclear weapon accident response, and can be used to improve training and exercise programs." There is an updated version, distributed in 1999.
United States. Department of Defense
1990-09
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Identifying Security Problems and Devising Control Solutions in a Local Area Network: A Case Study Approach
"This thesis investigates the requirements for establishing security criteria in designing and developing a local area network (LAN) for an aviation squadron. In particular, it concentrates on the security problems and control issues in the design of a LAN. A survey of the security literature on computer security was conducted to develop a model for identifying security problems in a local area network and devise control solutions. A case study was written based on the literature review and previous experience in the aviation community. Although many controls solutions are discussed, adequate planning, common sense and proper user training all play an integral part in developing an atmosphere of security awareness in networks."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Evans, Gary John
1990-09
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Executive Order 12728: Delegating the President's Authority to Suspend any Provision of Law Relating to the Promotion, Retirement, or Separation of Members of the Armed Forces
"The Secretary of Defense, and the Secretary of Transportation with respect to the Coast Guard when it is not operating as a service in the Department of the Navy, are hereby designated and empowered to exercise, without the approval, ratification, or other action of the President, the authority vested in the President by section 673c of title 10 of the United States Code (1) to suspend any provision of law relating to promotion, retirement, or separation applicable to any member of the armed forces determined to be essential to the national security of the United States, and (2) to determine, for the purposes of said section, that members of the armed forces are essential to the national security of the United States."
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Bush, George, 1924-
1990-08-22
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Executive Order 12727: Ordering the Selected Reserve of the Armed Forces to Active Duty
"By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including sections 121 and 673b of title 10 of the United States Code, I hereby determine that it is necessary to augment the active armed forces of the United States for the effective conduct of operational missions in and around the Arabian Peninsula. Further, under the stated authority, I hereby authorize the Secretary of Defense, and the Secretary of Transportation with respect to the Coast Guard when the latter is not operating as a service in the Department of the Navy, to order to active duty units and individual members not assigned to units, of the Selected Reserve. This order is intended only to improve the internal management of the executive branch, and is not intended to create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law by a party against the United States, - its agencies, its officers, or any person."
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Bush, George, 1924-
1990-08-22
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Executive Order 12724: Blocking Iraqi Government Property and Prohibiting Transactions with Iraq
This executive order blocks Iraqi government property and prohibits transactions with Iraq. "By the authority vested in me as Resident by the Constitution and laws of the United States of America, including the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.), the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.], section 301 of title 3 of the United States Code, and the United Nations Participation Act (22 U.S.C. 2871, in view of United Nations Security Council Resolution No. 861 of August 6, 1990, and in order to take additional steps with respect to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait and the national emergency declared in Executive Order No. 12722, I. GEORGE BUSH, President of the United States of America, hereby order: Except to the extent provided in regulations that may hereafter be issued pursuant to this order, all property and interests in property of the Government of Iraq that are in the United States, that hereafter come within the United States, or that are or hereafter come within the possession or control of United States persons, including their overseas branches, are hereby blocked."
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Bush, George, 1924-
1990-08-09
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Executive Order 12722: Blocking Iraqi Government Property and Prohibiting Transactions with Iraq
This executive order blocks Iraqi government property and prohibits transactions with Iraq. "I, GEORGE BUSH, President of the United States of America, find that the policies and actions of the Government of Iraq constitute an unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security and foreign policy of the United States and hereby declare a national emergency to deal with that threat. I hereby order: All property and interests in property of the Government of Iraq, its agencies, instrumentalities and controlled entities and the Central Bank of Iraq that are in the United States, that hereafter come within the United States or that are or hereafter come within the possession or control of United States persons, including their overseas branches, are hereby blocked."
United States. Office of the Federal Register
Bush, George, 1924-
1990-08-02
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Geographic Information Systems: Status at Selected Agencies, Fact Sheet for the Chairman, Subcommittee on Interior and Related Agencies, Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives
"As agreed with your office in February 1990, we are providing summaries of geographic information system (GIS) activities at the Departments of Interior, Agriculture, Commerce, and Energy, as well as at the Army Corps of Engineers, the Federal Highway Administration, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the Federal Emergency Management Administration. Appendixes I through IV describe the agency mission, GIS applications, estimated GE [General Electric] budget, computer hardware and software used for GlS, and planned GIS procurements, where applicable, for each organization."
United States. Government Accountability Office
1990-08-01
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Communication of Emergency Public Warnings: A Social Science Perspective and State-of-the-Art Assessment
More than 200 types of warning systems and warning response were reviewed for this social science perspective and state-of-the-art assessment of communication of emergency public warnings. [...] different methods of warning the public are not equally effective at providing and alert and notification in different physical and social settings. Most systems can provide a warning given three or more hours of available warning time. Special systems such as tone-alert radios are needed to provide rapid warning.
United States. Department of Energy
Mileti, Dennis S.; Sorensen, John H.
1990-08
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Strategic Weapons: Long-Term Costs Are Not Reported to the Congress, Report to Congressional Committees
"During the 198Os, concerns over the threat posed by the Soviet Union led the United States to acquire modernized strategic nuclear weapon systems as its defense budget increased. Recent events indicate that perceptions of a lessened Soviet threat will lead to greater efforts in the 1990s to control the federal deficit by reducing defense spending. The Congress is considering the first defense budget of the 1990s in light of these events and is reviewing the affordability of major weapon systems. This report uses 12 strategic weapon systems to illustrate the importance and difficulty of obtaining the long-term cost estimates that the Congress needs to assess weapon system affordability."
United States. General Accounting Office
1990-08
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Proceedings of the Third Natick Science Symposium, June 5-6, 1990, Natick, Massachusetts
This proceeding incorporates 25 papers presented at the Third Natick Science Symposium, held 5-6 June 1990 at the U.S. Army Natick RD&E Center, Natick, MA. The papers are included under the headings: Chemical Biological Protection, Military Materials, Ration Design and Food Science, and General Topics.
United States. Army Troop Support Command
Sklarsky, Thomas A.; Herz, Matthew L.
1990-08
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Sheltering the Genie: The LIC Threat to Nuclear Systems
"The decreasing tension between the United States and the Soviet Union obscures a harsh reality, in a world where the probability of a nuclear exchange between the two superpowers is at its lowest point since the early 1950s, [American nuclear] weapons are more [vulnerable] than ever to 'low intensity' threats. Some terrorist organizations have become sophisticated enough to actually steal or destroy a warhead, while the Special Purpose Forces of the Soviet Union retain the [ability] to curtail the reliability of American strategic systems from within the United States or Europe. These two very real threats are derived from the same factors - the openness of American society, and the enormous difficulty of providing security for these weapons. Because it is difficult to separate terrorism issues, the analysis of possible outcomes goes beyond the weapons themselves to include nuclear materials and power plants."
Naval Postgraduate School (U.S.)
Shemella, Paul
1990-08
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Analysis Report on Firefighter Fatalities [1989]
"The purpose of this study is to analyze the circumstances surrounding firefighter fatalities in the United States in 1989 in an attempt to identify potential means for reducing the number of deaths that occur each year. In addition to the 1989 findings, this study will also include special analyses of particular recurring scenarios, using NFPA's [National Fire Protection Association] data base of fire fighter fatalities from 1980 through 1989."
United States Fire Administration
National Fire Protection Association. Fire Analysis and Research Division
1990-08
