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Appropriate Source for Payment of Judgments and Settlements in 'United States v. Winstar Corp.' and Related Cases: Memorandum for Neal S. Wolin, Deputy General Counsel, Department of the Treasury [July 22, 1998]
"The Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation Resolution Fund is the appropriate source of payment for judgments against, and settlements by, the United States in 'United States v. Winstar Corp.' and similar cases arising from the breach of certain agreements to which the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation was a party."
United States. Department of Justice. Office of Legal Counsel
1998-07-22
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Unit Chemical and Biological Defense Readiness Training
This audit was conducted at the request of the Deputy Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Counter proliferation and Chemical/Biological Defense. "This report is the second in a series of reports on the readiness of U.S. forces to operate in a chemical and biological warfare environment. A previous report discussed chemical and biological survivability of mission-essential equipment. This report focuses on unit chemical and biological defense training. A subsequent report will discuss joint chemical and biological defense training. The overall audit objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of chemical and biological defense readiness training among U.S. forces. Additionally, we evaluated the management control program related to the overall audit objective."
United States. Department of Defense. Office of the Inspector General
1998-07-16
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Executive Summary of the Report of the Commission to Assess the Ballistic Missile Threat to the United States, July 15, 1998, Pursuant to Public Law 201, 104th Congress [Pre-Production Copy]
The Commission examined the threats posed by ballistic missiles that were (1) deployed on the territory of a potentially hostile state, (2) launched from a surface vessel or submarine operating off the coasts of the US, or (3) deployed by a potentially hostile nation on the territory of a third party to reduce the range required of its ballistic missiles in order to reach the US. The Commission also assessed the potential arming of ballistic missiles with weapons of mass destruction by both existing and emerging powers. They scrutinized the domestic design, development and production of both nuclear material and weapons, as well as the potential acquisition of either technology, material, or weapons by the way of theft, transfer, or covert sales. The Commission also turned their investigation inward to review U.S. collection, analysis, and subsequent warning capabilities of the American Intelligence Community, today and into the future.
United States. Commission to Assess the Ballistic Missile Threat to the United States
1998-07-15
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Nuclear Operations: Air Force Doctrine Document 2-1.5
This doctrine provides guidance for Air Force nuclear operations. This guidance is based on a body of knowledge gained from experience in organizing, training, and equipping nuclear forces in support of national security objectives. The focus of the Air Force role in nuclear operations is to maintain effective forces with sufficient capability to hold at risk a broad range of targets, while placing great emphasis on safety and security. Achieving such a purpose in today's environment requires both an in-depth understanding of the modern world and a useful doctrine based on over 50 years of nuclear operations. Despite the end of the cold war, the nuclear threat to the United States has not ended. Russia continues to maintain a formidable nuclear capability, and other nations such as China maintain intercontinental and theater-range weapons as well. While the direct threat to the United States may be limited, it is conceivable that a nuclear confrontation between other nations might involve the United States. Much as the end of the cold war was unexpected, new threats could appear without warning. New governments could conceivably change the course of a country's development in such a fashion as to lead to another cold war. Tensions between the United States and other countries could increase to the point where a strong deterrent is required. Other strategic threats, not even imagined today, could develop in the years to come. Nuclear deterrence is not limited to the threat of attack against the United States.
United States. Department of the Air Force
1998-07-15
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Americans with Disabilities Act Access for 9-1-1 and Telephone Emergency Services
This document is part of a technical assistance program to provide State and local governments and, persons with disabilities with information about the requirements of the ADA [Americans with Disabilities Act] for direct, equal access to, 9-1-1 for persons with disabilities who use TTYs [teletypewriters]. This guidance is an updated version of the, Department of Justice's earlier guidance entitled, Commonly Asked Questions Regarding Telephone, Emergency Services. It explains in practical terms how the ADA's requirements apply to 9-1-1, services, including equipment, standard operating procedures, and training, and should be useful to 9-1-1 service providers, equipment vendors, participating telephone companies, and individuals with, disabilities.
United States. Department of Justice. Civil Rights Division
1998-07-15?
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Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central American Relief Act: Hardship Relief and Long-Term Illegal Aliens [Updated July 15, 1998]
"The Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central American Relief Act (NACARA) (P.L. 105-100, title II) establishes special procedures through which hundreds of thousands of aliens in the U.S., primarily Central Americans, may seek legal permanent resident status. This report discusses who benefits from NACARA and how the relief granted to Nicaraguans and Cubans differs from that granted to Salvadorans, Guatemalans, and certain natives of former Warsaw Pact countries. The report also discusses how enactment of NACARA was prompted by restrictions contained in the Illegal Immigration and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (P.L. 104-208, Division C). The report will be updated as implementation of NACARA progresses."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Eig, Larry M.
1998-07-15
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Learning from the Arms Control Experience
Arms control and disarmament policy became an integral part of America's national defense strategy during the Cold War. The implementation of that policy brought with it into the security arena a number of environmental issues. In some instances, addressing environmental concerns was a major goal of our arms control agenda, as in the treaty banning environmental modification as a method of warfare (U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency 1996). In other cases, environmental problems presented challenges to the achievement of other goals, as in the obstacles created by clean air standards to the rapid elimination of ballistic missiles required by new treaties. The environmental consequences of conflict were also a matter of debate within the arms control community: for example, the fear that a "nuclear winter" could follow a global war, the controversy over use of defoliants in counter-insurgency operations,
and the uncertainty about regional consequences of Saddam Hussein's burning of the Kuwaiti oil fields during the Gulf War. Environmental degradation was increasingly seen also as a cause of conflict or a hindrance to peace. Concerns that environmental threats might undermine negotiations led to considerable parallelism in the Multilateral Middle East Peace Process as the Arms Control and Regional Security (ACRS) working group found itself following closely developments in the working groups dealing with water, refugees, and economics. As we consider suggestions that our notions of international security be broadened or enhanced to include a greater centrality for environmental issues, insights can be gained from recent arms control experience. In part, that experience places before us case studies of the national security establishment coming to grips with environmental questions. Perhaps of even greater value is the recognition that the arms control policy process, with themes, institutions, and individuals mirroring and even overlapping those involved in the environmental policy process, has debated many of the same issues now central to the question of what is "environmental security." Thus, one can gain some insight into the role environmental issues play in national security by looking at the arms control experience. In the process, thinking about what is meant by "environmental security" may be clarified.
United States. Department of Energy
Lehman, II, Ronald F.
1998-07-14
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Environment and Security
The following is an overview of the major scholarly arguments and U.S. government activities to date concerning environment and security ideas. This broad ranging treatment is intended to provide a baseline for discussions. Given this wide scope, no one academic argument or policy manifestation is treated with the attention each individually deserves. We divide the field into three main categories: (1) debates regarding environment and new definitions of security, (2) debates regarding environment and traditional definitions of security, and (3) debates regarding how security institutions affect the environment. Within each of these categories, we detail arguments from what we loosely refer to as the proponents and critics of the various conceptions. It should be emphasized that considerable diversity in opinion persists both within and among these three categories regarding the degree of "threats" and the prioritization of issues.
United States. Department of Energy
Dabelko, Geoffrey D.; Simmons, P. J., 1967-
1998-07-14
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Environmental Dimensions of National Security
For many readers, the concept of "environmental security," or the integration of environmental issues and national security considerations at a national policy level, may well be novel. It may even appear somewhat oxymoronic. It is, in fact, neither. Rather, it reflects recent history and trends, and the significant evolution of our knowledge of both fields. This is not to say that the concept is well understood--as the papers in this volume illustrate, that is a work in progress--or, for that matter, that the concept is even universally accepted as valid. There are those in both the environmentalist and security communities who view such integration with deep skepticism, even alarm. More broadly, however, it can be argued that the debate about the validity and meaning of environmental security is a part of, and a reflection of, a number of basic trends that, taken together, mark this post-Cold War period as one of fundamental change. It may therefore be useful to explore this broader landscape within which the integration of previously disparate policy areas may be (is?) occurring, and at least alert the reader to some of the developments in the environmental and national security policy arenas. Hopefully, this discussion will provide a context within which the following papers and reference material can be more easily understood.
United States. Department of Energy
Allenby, Braden R.
1998-07-14
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U.S./Mexico Border Agreements, Laws, Regulations, Policies, and Procedures Related to Chemical Accident Prevention, Preparedness, and Response
This document is an outline description of U.S./Mexico border agreements, laws, regulations, policies, and procedures related to chemical accident prevention, preparedness, and response. The descriptions, in table form, provide the name of the regulation, the scope, the source and gives the reader instructions on where to locate the complete legal descriptions. Policy descriptions include international agreements, bi-national agreements, U.S. law and regulations, and border plans.
United States. Environmental Protection Agency
1998-07-09
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Nuclear Nonproliferation: Uncertainties With Implementing IAEA's Strengthened Safeguards System
Although the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) plans to use stepped-up inspections and improved data collection to better detect clandestine nuclear weapons programs, such as those in Iraq, it lacks a long-term plan to implement these efforts and may be forced to seek added U.S. financial support to pay for them.
United States. General Accounting Office
1998-07-09
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Encryption Technology: Congressional Issues [Updated July 9, 1998]
"Fundamentally, the controversy over encryption concerns what access the government should have to encrypted stored computer data or electronic communications (voice and data. wired and wireless) for law enforcement purposes. Encryption and decryption are methods of using cryptography to protect the confidentiality of data and communications. When encrypted, a message only can be understood by someone with the key to decrypt it. Businesses and consumers want strong encryption products to protect their information. while the Clinton Administration wants to ensure the law enforcement community's ability to monitor undesirable activity in the digital age. The Administration's policy promotes the use of strong encryption. here and abroad. as long as it is designed with 'key recovery' features where a 'key recovery agent' holds a 'spare key' to decrypt the information. The Administration would require key recovery agents to make the decryption key available to duly authorized federal and state government entities. Privacy advocates worry that law enforcement entities would have too much access to private information."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Nunno, Richard M.
1998-07-09
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Managing Secrecy: Security Classification Reform - The Government Secrecy Act Proposal [Revised July 8, 1998]
From the Document: "The end of the Cold War, heightened interest in effecting greater economy and better management in security classification operations, and the considered recommendations of a national study commission on official secrecy have all contributed to the proposed Government Secrecy Act (H.R. 1546/S. 712), introduced on a bicameral, bipartisan basis to establish, for the first time, a statutory mandate for security classification and declassification. This report follows the development and progress of this legislation and will be updated as events warrant."
Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service
Relyea, Harold
1998-07-08
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Nuclear Nonproliferation: Difficulties in Accomplishing IAEA's Activities in North Korea
Under the Agreed Framework negotiated with the United States, North Korea is required to freeze operations at five of its nuclear facilities and to permit the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to monitor the freeze. IAEA will need to perform a wide variety of complex and time-consuming activities to verify the accuracy and completeness of North Korea's initial declaration of nuclear facilities and the amount of nuclear material in its possession.
United States. General Accounting Office
1998-07-07
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AF Instruction 14-117: Air Force Targeting
This instruction implements AFPD 14-1, "Air Force Intelligence Planning and Operations". It defines Air Force targeting responsibilities and terms. Use this instruction with AFPAM 14-210, "USAF Intelligence Targeting Guide". This document incorporates changes resulting from the recent reorganization at Headquarters United States Air Force (HQ USAF) and the corresponding changes in responsibilities of HQ USAF targeting offices. It also includes updated information on the targeting process to align with AFPAM 14-210. A bar indicates revisions from the previous edition. This publication is available digitally on the SAF/AAD WWW site at: http://afpubs.hq.af.mil.
United States. Department of the Air Force
1998-07-01
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Medical Management of Biological Casualties Handbook; Third Edition
"Through this handbook and the training courses noted above, military medical professionals will learn that effective medical countermeasures are available against many of the bacteria, viruses, and toxins which might be used as biological weapons against our military forces. The importance of this education cannot be overemphasized and it is hoped that our physicians, nurses, and allied medical professionals will develop a solid understanding of the biological threats we face and the medical armamentarium for defending against these threats."
U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
Eitzen, Edward; Pavlin, Julie A.; Cieslak, Ted . . .
1998-07
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Radiobioassay Collection, Labeling, and Shipping Requirements
This technical guide provides specimen collection, labeling, and shipping instructions that will assist the customer and Radiologic, Classical and Clinical Chemistry Division personnel in the bioassay sampling process. Bioassay is only one part of a comprehensive radiation protection program. It is important to understand individual radiation protection programs and coordinate with local radiation protection officers or designated officials to ensure a sound program is in place and is being followed. Document contains technical advice as well as a table of various analyses routinely performed by RCCCD, an example patient status chart, an example for the memorandum for analytical support, a cutaway shipping diagram for urine specimens, and a glossary.
U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine
1998-07
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USDOJ/OIG Special Report: Operation Gatekeeper: An Investigation into Allegations of Fraud and Misconduct (July, 1998)
"The Border Patrol, an agency of the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), is responsible for controlling illegal immigration along this country's borders. In October 1994 it initiated a new border control strategy - 'Operation Gatekeeper' - in its San Diego Sector, the preferred area of entry for illegal immigrants traveling from Mexico to the United States. Prior to Gatekeeper, the San Diego Sector accounted for more than 40 percent of the Border Patrol's total apprehensions of illegal immigrants. [...] The Department of Justice's Office of the Inspector General (OIG) began investigating these allegations of fraud relating to Operation Gatekeeper in July 1996 at the request of then Deputy Attorney General Jamie Gorelick. Our investigation examined eight major categories of allegations involving 1) falsification of Sector apprehension data; 2) limits on apprehensions; 3) suppression of negative information in Sector intelligence reports; 4) nightscopes; 5) sensors; 6) drag roads; 7) overstatement of Gatekeeper's success; and 8) deception of a Congressional delegation visiting the Sector. After a brief introduction to the San Diego Sector and Operation Gatekeeper, we discuss each of the allegations in turn. We conclude with several recommendations for the INS and Border Patrol."
United States. Department of Justice
1998-07
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Environmental Support for Air Sovereignty and Air Defense
The Headquarters (HQ) United States Space Command (USSPACECOM) Weather and Space Environment Branch (J33W) serves as the Senior Meteorology and Oceanography (METOC) Office for NORAD. USSPACECOM/J33W provides policy and guidance for meteorological, oceanographic, and space environment operations in support of NORAD, and ensures standardization of METOC support throughout the command. Most NORAD organizations have no weather personnel directly assigned. Therefore, it is the responsibility of NORAD units or units under the OPCON of CINCNORAD to arrange for environmental support from a host organization. Environmental support may come from US military units (to include ANG and AFRC), Canadian Forces units, National Weather Service or Federal Aviation Administration offices, the Canadian Forces Weather Service (CFWS) or from the Atmospheric Environment Service (AES). This support should use in-place assets and centralized products to the maximum extent possible. Because of the bi-national nature of NORAD and the mix of centralized products available, guidance can only be general in nature; however, environmental support must meet the minimum requirements set forth in this instruction and must, where applicable, be documented in a host tenant support agreement or other memorandum of agreement or understanding. Direct coordination between weather organizations supporting the same NORAD operation is encouraged.
North American Aerospace Defense Command
1998-07-01
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J34 Combating Terrorism: Antiterrorism Force Protection Installation Planning Template
"The purpose of this Antiterrorism Force Protection Installation Planning Template is to provide Installation Commanders and DOD Antiterrorism Force Protection Planners a single tool to assist in the development of Antiterrorism Force Protection Plans. The inherent responsibility of command, to protect personnel, is the focus of the Antiterrorism Force Protection Installation Planning Template. This tool is designed to assist you in developing your plan. Careful preparation of your AT/FP Plan with the Planning Template will help you achieve the four AT/FP objectives: deterring terrorist incidents, employing countermeasures against terrorists, mitigating the effects of terrorist acts, and recovering from terrorist incidents should they occur. The Planning Template uses three simple steps. In the first step, you will complete an assessment of four central elements: threat, criticality, vulnerability, and deterrent & response capabilities. You will then use this assessments linked elements to assist you in subjectively quantifying risk, as the first portion of risk management. In the second step, you will develop a set of implementation actions which form a coherent, comprehensive set of force protection 'How-to' measures for your installation. In the third step, you will prepare your AT/FP Plan in a 5-paragraph OPORD format, based on the results of the first two steps. When completed, this plan will contain thorough pre-planned action sets to respond to discrete terrorist threats."
United States. Joint Chiefs of Staff
1998-07-01
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NRC Collection of Abbreviations
"This collection of abbreviations in common use in the nuclear industry and regulatory community was compiled from Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and nuclear industry sources. It was published to assist agency authors, readers, and stakeholders in identifying abbreviations for the numerous organizational, scientific, and engineering terms that appear in NRC printed and electronic information. The compilation is descriptive rather than prescriptive. No one abbreviation is recommended to the exclusion of another because the same abbreviation may with equal validity apply to two or more terms."
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
1998-07
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Bad News on Pakistan/Afghan Policy: GOP Support for the Taliban Appears to be Getting Stronger, July 1, 1998
"According to a variety of Pakistani officials and journalists, including Ahmed Rashid, Pakistan has 'regressed to a point where it is as hard-line as ever in favor of the Taliban.' Pakistani government officials have given up 'the pretense of supporting the U.N. effort,' and have become unabashedly pro-Taliban. The Pakistani government, including the Prime Minister, recently approved six million dollars in additional aid to the Taliban over the next six months. The U.S. considers the additional funding a regressive step as the 'trend-line had generally been in a more positive direction.'"
United States. Department of State
1998-07-01
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National Institute of Justice Journal [July 1998]
This edition of the National Institute of Justice Journal contains the following articles: "Pulling Levers: Getting Deterrence Right"; "Breaking the Cycle of Drug Abuse in Birmingham"; "The Impact of the Opportunity to Succeed Program on Employment Success"; and "Smart Cards: An Information Tool for the Future".
National Institute of Justice (U.S.)
1998-07
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Protective Intelligence and Threat Assessment Investigations: A Guide for State and Local Law Enforcement Officials
Drawing from project findings, this guide describes an approach to threat assessment and the protective intelligence investigative process that can be of assistance to Federal, State, and local law enforcement and security professionals with protective intelligence responsibilities. This guide presents information and ideas about developing and implementing protective intelligence programs and activities.
National Institute of Justice (U.S.)
Fein, Robert A.; Vossekuil, Bryan
1998-07-01?
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Preventing Crime: What Works, What Doesn't, What's Promising
"Many crime prevention programs work. Others don't. Most programs have not yet been evaluated with enough scientific evidence to draw conclusions. Enough evidence is available, however, to create provisional lists of what works, what doesn't, and what's promising. Those lists will grow more quickly if the Nation invests more resources in scientific evaluations to hold all crime prevention programs accountable for their results. These are the major conclusions of a 1997 report to Congress, which was based on a systematic review of more than 500 scientific evaluations of crime prevention practices. This Research in Brief summarizes the research methods and conclusions found in that report. In 1996, a Federal law required the U.S. Attorney General to provide Congress with an independent review of the effectiveness of State and local crime prevention assistance programs funded by the U.S. Department of Justice, 'with special emphasis on factors that relate to juvenile crime and the effect of these programs on youth violence.' The law required that the review 'employ rigorous and scientifically recognized standards and methodologies.'"
National Institute of Justice (U.S.)
Sherman, Lawrence W.; Gottfredson, Denise C.; MacKenzie, Doris L. . . .
1998-07
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Critical Incident Management Guidelines [Final Report, July 1998]
The public transportation network in the United States includes 508 bus and rail agencies and 15 commuter railroads providing 22 million trips daily, 8 billion trips annually. These agencies employ almost 300,000 people and provide approximately 41 billion passenger miles of travel, about half byrail and half by non-rail service. Emergencies and disasters, whether they occur at transit agencies or in the communities they serve, threaten public transportation's ability to provide practical assistance to transit personnel with responsibility for planning, managing, and recovering from emergencies and disasters. Definitions and characteristics of these events and their impact on organizations and systems are provided. The evolution of emergency management in the transit environment is described,and specific emergency management tools are explained. These guidelines provide a detailed discussion of transit and community activities necessary to support emergency preparedness, mitigation, response,and recovery efforts.
United States. Federal Transit Administration
1998-07
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U.S. Nuclear Policy in the 21st Century: A Fresh Look at National Strategy and Requirements: Final Report
The participants in this report examined the broader trends in the international environment and considered how the United States could both shape and respond to them. A forward-looking paradigm for the nuclear dimension of U.S. security policy emerged that builds on the lessons of the past while addressing the opportunities and challenges of the future. The core of this paradigm is that nuclear weapons will continue indefinitely to play an indispensable role as a hedge against uncertainties, to deter potential aggressors who are both more diverse and less predictable than in the past, and to allow the United States to construct a more stable security environment. Thus, the United States needs a credible nuclear deterrent posture, broadly defined to include forces-in-being; capabilities for weapon system design and production; and the ability to assure the safety and reliable performance of the nuclear stockpile- a fundamental challenge in the absence of underground testing. Because this posture must be both adaptable and responsive to new threats, the national deterrent infrastructure must be treated as a strategic resource. The posture must also integrate the growing role of defenses in our deterrence calculations. All of this requires trained and motivated people, as well as new ways of thinking and considerable agility and foresightedness on the part of U.S. leaders. The more than forty study participants and government observers included present and former policymakers, military officers, scientists, and academics. The Project Report reflects their research, analysis, and intensive discussions that took place during the winter and spring of 1998. This Executive Report contains the key judgments of the study. The individual subgroup papers included in the Project Report -- policy, operations, infrastructure, and stockpile -- provided the foundation for these judgments.
National Defense University. Institute for National Strategic Studies
1998-07
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Bioterrorism as a Public Health Threat
The threat of bioterrorism, long ignored and denied, has heightened over the past few years. Recent events in Iraq, Japan, and Russia cast an ominous shadow. Two candidate agents are of special concern--smallpox and anthrax. The magnitude of the problems and the gravity of the scenarios associated with release of these organisms have been vividly portrayed by two epidemics of smallpox in Europe during the 1970s and by an accidental release of aerosolized anthrax from a Russian bioweapons facility in 1979. Efforts in the United States to deal with possible incidents involving bioweapons in the civilian sector have only recently begun and have made only limited progress. Only with substantial additional resources at the federal, state, and local levels can a credible and meaningful response be mounted. For longer-term solutions, the medical community must educate both the public and policy makers about bioterrorism and build a global consensus condemning its use.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
Henderson, D. A.
1998-07
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Military Support to Foreign Consequence Management Operations
"This instruction defines responsibilities for planning and conducting military Consequence Management (CM) operations in response to incidents on foreign soil involving Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD). DOD support to foreign CM operations focuses on providing specialized assistance in response to use of WMD against US military forces, installations, allies, regional friends, or vital interests."
United States. Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
1998-06-30
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Alternate Work Schedules for Chief Officers at the City of Two Rivers Fire Department
"Operations have changed significantly for the City of Two Rivers Fire Department. The problem is that the administrative responsibilities to manage these operations have changed dramatically. In operating under the California Plan of 24 hour shifts for assistant chiefs, the department has been experiencing communications and coordination problems. The purpose of this paper was to analyze the feasibility of instituting alternative work schedules for the three assistant chiefs to manage more effectively these duties. An evaluative research procedure was conducted. The following research questions were answered. 1. What historical data is relevant to the issue of alternative work schedules for assistant chiefs at the City of Two Rivers Fire Department? 2. What conditions exist that warrant a change in duty hours for the assistant chiefs' positions? 3. What perceptions exist by assistant chiefs on the effectiveness of the work schedules currently utilized for assistant chiefs in the City of Two Rivers? 4. What perceptions exist by assistant chiefs on utilizing an alternative work schedule for their positions in the City of Two Rivers Fire Department? 5. What perceptions exist by lieutenants on the effectiveness of the work schedules currently utilized for assistant chiefs in the City of Two Rivers. 6. What perceptions exist by the current lieutenants on utilizing an alternate work schedule for assistant chiefs at the City of Two Rivers Fire Department? 7. What relevant issues exist in other departments concerning the implementation of alternative work schedules for assistant chiefs?"
National Fire Academy
Pohlman, Michael J.
1998-07
