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Tracking COVID-19: U.S. Public Health Surveillance and Data [November 2, 2020]

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From the Document: "Public health surveillance, or ongoing data collection, is an essential part of public health practice. Particularly during a pandemic, timely data are important to understanding the epidemiology of a disease in order to craft policy and guide response decisionmaking. Many aspects of public health surveillance--such as which data are collected and how--are often governed by law and policy at the state and subfederal level, though informed by programs and expertise at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has exposed limitations and challenges with U.S. public health surveillance, including those related to the timeliness, completeness, and accuracy of data. This report provides an overview of U.S. public health surveillance, current COVID-19 surveillance and data collection, and selected policy issues that have been highlighted by the pandemic. Appendix B includes a compilation of selected COVID-19 data resources."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Sekar, Kavya; Napili, Angela

2020-11-02
U.S. Public Health Service: COVID-19 Supplemental Appropriations in the 116th Congress [March 11, 2021]

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From the Introduction: "This report summarizes coronavirus supplemental funding for the public health service agencies and to the PHSSEF [ Public Health and Social Services Emergency Fund] in the 116th Congress. It also includes resources for tracking spending. Funding has been provided across five supplemental appropriations measures: [1] 'First Measure:' Division A of the Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020 (P.L. [public law] 116-123), enacted on March 6, 2020. [2] 'Second Measure:' Division A of the Families First Coronavirus Response Act (FFCRA, P.L. 116-127), enacted on March 18, 2020. [3] 'Third Measure:' Division B of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act, P.L. 116-136), enacted on March 27, 2020. [4] 'Fourth Measure:' Division B, of the Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act (PPPHCEA, P.L. 116-139), enacted on April 24, 2020. [5] 'Fifth Measure:' Division M of Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (P.L. 116- 260), enacted on December 27, 2020. This report provides an overview of each of the PHS [U.S. Public Health Service] agencies, as well as the PHSSEF."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Sekar, Kavya; Bodie, Agata; Cornell, Ada S. . . .

2021-03-11
Federal Deficits, Growing Debt, and the Economy in the Wake of COVID-19 [March 23, 2021]

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From the Introduction: "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused widespread economic disruption. Commerce slowed, unemployment reached rates not seen since the Great Depression, and many businesses were forced to close. In response, the government enacted a series of laws aimed at providing relief to struggling individuals and businesses and stimulus to improve economic conditions, most recently the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (P.L. [public law] 117-2) enacted on March 11, 2021. Altogether, this resulted in large increases in the deficit in FY2020, and a large deficit is projected for FY2021 as well. [...] Deficits and growing debt can affect the economy in the short term and the long term. However, the state of the economy simultaneously contributes to the ways in which deficits and the debt are likely to affect certain parts of the economy. It is therefore necessary to discuss the current state of the budget and debt in the context of the economy and recent economic trends. This report discusses the changing macroeconomic landscape, COVID-19, and how both might influence policy considerations for deficits and the debt."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Weinstock, Lida R.

2021-03-23
COVID-19 and the U.S. Economy [November 16, 2020]

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From the Introduction: "This report provides a synopsis of the economic conditions caused by the pandemic and the theoretical context for how and why economic conditions deteriorated so rapidly in many cases. The report discusses the following economic indicators: employment and unemployment, GDP [gross domestic product] and its components, saving, productivity, and inflation. The report then discusses the impacts of recent fiscal and monetary policy on the economy, most specifically on GDP and personal income. The policy discussion also includes the expiration of certain provisions from the CARES [Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security] Act and how these expirations might affect the economy. Finally, the report closes with a conversation of the economic landscape moving forward, what a recovery might look like, and potential lasting impacts to the economy from both the pandemic and the recession."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Weinstock, Lida R.

2020-11-16
Fiscal Policy: Economic Effects [Updated January 21, 2021]

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From the Summary: "Fiscal policy describes changes to government spending and revenue behavior in an effort to influence the economy. By adjusting its level of spending and tax revenue, the government can affect economic outcomes by either increasing or decreasing economic activity. For example, when the government runs a budget deficit, it is said to be engaging in fiscal stimulus--spurring economic activity--and when the government runs a budget surplus, it is said to be engaging in a fiscal contraction--slowing economic activity. The government can use fiscal stimulus to spur economic activity by increasing government spending, decreasing tax revenue, or a combination of the two."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Weinstock, Lida R.

2021-01-21
Title X Family Planning Program [Updated October 28, 2020]

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From the Introduction: "The Title X Family Planning Program (Title X) was enacted in 1970 as Title X of the Public Health Service Act (PHS Act). Title X provides grants to public and nonprofit agencies for family planning services, research, and training. The Office of Population Affairs (OPA) within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) administers Title X, which is the only domestic federal program devoted solely to family planning and related preventive health services. This In Focus answers questions on Title X, legislative mandates, and other family planning programs, and it identifies resources for Title X projects during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Napili, Angela

2020-10-28
Introduction to U.S. Economy: Inflation [Updated December 28, 2020]

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From the Document: "'Inflation' is defined as a general increase in the price of goods and services across the economy, or, in other words, a general decrease in the value of money. Conversely, deflation is a general decrease in the price of goods and services across the economy, or a general increase in the value of money. As inflation occurs, individuals can purchase fewer goods and services with the same amount of money. For this reason, an individual would need about $304 in 2020 to purchase the same amount of goods and services as $100 would have purchased in 1980. Measures of inflation are used to adjust money figures to keep purchasing power constant over time, allowing for more accurate comparisons across disparate time periods. Monetary figures that have been adjusted for inflation are referred to as 'real', and non-inflation-adjusted figures are referred to as 'nominal'."

Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service

Weinstock, Lida R.

2020-12-28
Public Transportation's Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic and How it Shapes Transit's Future

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From the Document: "Transit agencies, just like every other element of American life, faced these three challenges in 2020 during the height of the global COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. Adapting to a continuously evolving situation became the new normal. The shared experience forged by an external force created common context for working together in new ways. As transit providers and community leaders take stock of the pandemic's impact, we have an opportunity to build a better future with transit front and center, based on how we responded to the changes compelled by COVID-19. What follows is the Community Transportation Association of America's (CTAA) analysis of how transit rose to the occasion, acting as a catalyst for community response. In May and June 2021, CTAA interviewed transit leaders around the US to illustrate how they deployed their systems to help their communities, first to reduce food insecurity, then to ensure equity in vaccine access on a widespread scale. Finally, this paper concludes with six recommendations to leverage the new partnerships and flexibility necessitated by the COVID-19 era to durably improve access to opportunity."

Community Transportation Association of America

Mader, Stewart

2021-07
COVID-19 Recovery Vendor List for Public Transportation

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From the Overview: "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) public health emergency has significantly impacted public transportation operations throughout the Nation. As communities recover from COVID-19, transit agencies are implementing new and enhanced measures to ensure the safety of their employees and passengers and increase public confidence in transit, including enhanced cleaning and disinfection, personal protective equipment (PPE) and face coverings, and social distancing. The American Public Transportation Association (APTA) and the Community Transportation Association of America (CTAA) are committed to helping the U.S. public transportation industry recover and become even stronger than before. The COVID-19 Vendor List for Transit includes information on vendors and products that transit agencies may use in their COVID-19 response and recovery efforts."

American Public Transportation Association; Community Transportation Association of America

2021-08-04
Black Education in the Wake of COVID-19 & Systemic Racism: Toward a Theory of Change & Action

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From the Executive Summary: "Authorized under the American Rescue Plan ('ARP') Act of 2021, the ARP Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief (ESSER) Fund provides nearly $122 billion to States to support the nation's schools in safely reopening and sustaining school operations while meeting the social, emotional, academic, and mental health needs of students resulting from the COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic. As states and local school districts conduct community input and consultation sessions across the country solicit and receive input for their ESSER plans as required by ARP, it is important that the needs and interest of Black students, parents, families, and communities be among those prioritized given the resounding calls and commitments to advancing racial equity and social justice in our nation's schools and school systems. 'This report presents findings from a research study the Black Education Research Collective (BERC) conducted to better understand how the COVID-19 pandemic and systemic racism have impacted Black education from the perspectives of Black parents, teachers, students, education and community leaders.' Two questions guided the study: (1) What is the impact of COVID-19 on the education of Black children and youth in the United States? (2) How should educators and community leaders respond to calls for change and action?"

Columbia University. Teachers College. Black Education Research Collective

Horsford, Sonya Douglass; Cabral, Leana; Touloukian, Cami . . .

2021-07
CTAA Recommended COVID-19 Safety Protocols

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From the Document: "The following set of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] safety protocols has been developed for CTAA [Community Transportation Association of America] members by collecting -- in a single place -- all of the guidance from a variety of federal agencies. Where no (or limited) actual guidance is available, we've collected the best practical advice from public and community transportation operators in the field. As it has been since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, CTAA's overriding recommendation to its members is to err on the side of safety (of both transit staff and the riding public) in all decision making."

Community Transportation Association of America

2020?
School Resource Officers: Averted School Violence Special Report

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From the Document: "The National Police Foundation and the COPS [Community Oriented Policing Services] Office created the Averted School Violence (ASV) database to provide a platform for sharing information about averted incidents of violence in elementary, secondary, and higher education. This report examines 12 case studies of incidents in which planned violence targeting K-12 [Kindergarten-12th grade] schools was averted by the potential attackers' peers, school administrators, and other school safety stakeholders including school resource officers (SRO). Each case includes a discussion of lessons learned from examining the potential attackers' intentions and the actions of those who averted the attack."

United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services

Allison, Jeff; Canady, Mo; Straub, Frank G.

2020
Torture Victim Protection Act of 1989: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Immigration and Refugee Affairs of the Committee on the Judiciary of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundred First Congress, Second Session on S. 1629, A Bill to Establish Clearly a Federal Right of Action by Aliens and United States Citizens Against Persons Engaging in Torture or Extrajudicial Killing, and for Other Purposes, and H.R. 1662, June 22, 1990

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From the opening statement of the Hon. Edward M. Kennedy, Senator from the State of Massachusetts, Chairman of the Subcommittee on Immigration and Refugee Affairs: "This morning, the Immigration and Refugee Affairs Subcommittee is convened to hear testimony on Senate bill 1629, the Torture Victim Protection Act. Senator Kennedy, our subcommittee chairman, will be joining us later, and I am pleased to welcome our colleague, Senator Specter, who was here earlier and who will be back again shortly after voting, who is the author of this legislation, to sit with the subcommittee this morning. The legislation before us today establishes a Federal right of action by aliens and U.S. citizens against persons engaged in torture or extrajudicial killings. The administration and public witnesses raise many critical issues, and I welcome them." Additional materials submitted for the record by the following: Robert F. Drinan, Edward M. Kennedy, John O. McGinnis, Michael H. Posner, John Shattuck, and David P. Stewart.

United States. Government Printing Office

1991
Protecting U.S. Energy Delivery Systems from Cybersecurity Threats, Hearing Before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, First Session, April 4, 2017

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This is a testimony compilation of the April 4, 2017 hearing on "Protecting U.S. Energy Delivery Systems from Cybersecurity Threats" held before the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. From the opening statement of Lisa Murkowski: "Here in the United States, we have purposefully built redundant systems to ensure resiliency, and technological advancements have improved system efficiencies. We've made our devices smarter and connected more of them to the internet, boosting consumer convenience and lowering costs. But, as the so-called 'Internet-of-Things' has become increasingly involved in all phases of energy generation and delivery, we've created even more avenues for cyber intrusion." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Patricia Hoffman, Andrew Bochman, Gerry Cauley, Duane Highley, Dave McCurdy, and Gent Welsh.

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources

2017-04-04
Assessing the Geopolitical Effects of the Coronavirus on Canada-United States-Asia Relations

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From the Document: "This paper addresses three distinct questions related to the geopolitical effects of the coronavirus pandemic: what is the impact of coronavirus on American global power and influence? How has the pandemic affected the rise of China? What should be Canada's political and security responses to the emerging redistribution of global power? The arguments of this policy brief are the following: the US mismanagement of the pandemic is the latest, and perhaps most consequential, in a series of significant failures by the US state over the past 25 years. These failures demonstrate that the US is an unreliable and unsustainable global hegemon. The pandemic has also damaged China's standing in the world. Even so, China is likely to consolidate its position as the dominant power in Asia within the next decade. Canada needs to accommodate American decline, China's relative rise, and the emergence of a multilpolar world. Canada should respond to the changing global order by increasing its support for international institutions and develop a military capacity to protect its sovereignty. It should also develop economic and political relationships with as wide a variety of states as possible. Above all, Canada must avoid becoming embroiled in an American 'new Cold War' with China."

University of Waterloo. Defence and Security Foresight Group

Narine, Shaun, 1966-

2020-06-15
Geopolitical Impacts of the COVID-19 Challenge

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From the Summary: "The United States has the potential to shift from being a security asset for Canada to a security liability. The very fact that this potential exists represents a change in the geopolitical foundation of Canadian security policy and thinking. The Covid-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] pandemic is not the cause of this change. Rather, the pandemic has been a catalyst, drawing together, consolidating and deepening pre-existing patterns of US behaviour at the domestic and international levels. This development has the potential to change thinking about Canadian security primarily at the international level, but it also has implications for the national and regional levels."

University of Waterloo. Defence and Security Foresight Group

Boulden, Jane, 1962-

2020-06-15
Confronting Piracy off the Coast of Somalia, Hearing Before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, First Session, April 30, 2009

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From the opening statement of John F. Kerry: "Today, the committee is going to consider the threat of maritime piracy off the Horn of Africa and examine the solutions available to the United States, to foreign governments, and to shippers, in order to confront this growing challenge. These attacks have claimed innocent lives and they've imposed a very significant financial cost on companies engaged in shipping, not to mention on countries engaged in trying to deal with this problem. [...] And the threat is not geographically contained, either. It's true that even as incidents of piracy off the coast of East Africa have skyrocketed, they've actually plummeted just about everywhere else. But Somali pirates are now operating over a thousand miles from the shores of Somalia in an area of more than 1 million square miles, and in shipping lanes that were even recently considered safe. [...] Piracy goes to the heart of national security and economic interests. America has always been a seafaring nation, and securing the world's sea-lanes has been a source and a symbol of our strength. In the face of instability and humanitarian crises around the world, our ability to project our naval power to help ensure the free passage of goods and humanitarian aid is as important as it's ever been. [...] I'm very confident that today's hearing will provide insight into some of the policy options available for addressing this immediate challenge and for laying the necessary groundwork for an effective long-term solution." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: John Clancey, John F. Kerry, Richard G. Lugar, Stephen D. Mull, and Richard Phillips.

United States. Government Printing Office

2009
Cyber Security: Recovery and Reconstitution of Critical Networks: Hearing Before the Federal Financial Management, Government Information, and International Security Subcommittee of the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Ninth Congress, Second Session, July 28, 2006

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From the opening statement of Tom Coburn: "Today's hearing is titled 'Cyber Security: Recovery and Reconstitution of Critical Networks.' This is the second hearing in a series we will be conducting on cyber security. It is actually the third. We have had a high-level secured briefing and hearing on this, as well. On July 19, 2005, this Subcommittee held a hearing on the importance of cyber security to our Nation's critical infrastructures. The hearing highlighted the importance of forging a public-private, and I will emphasize private, partnership to protect critical infrastructure and focused on challenges facing the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) in facilitating and leveraging such partnerships. Things that we have learned through the September 11 terrorist attacks and the response to Hurricane Katrina further emphasize these challenges. Today, despite spending millions of dollars over the past year, DHS continues to struggle with how to effectively form and maintain effective public-private partnerships in support of cyber security, including how to protect Internet infrastructure and how to recover it in the case of a major disruption. The public-private partnership necessary to accomplish DHS's goals in securing computer networks continues to remain a public-private divide." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Tom Coburn, George Foresman, Richard C. Schaeffer, Jr., Karen Evans, Keith Rhodes, Thomas E. Noonan, Roberta A. Bienfait, Michael A. Aisenberg, Karl Brondell, and Thomas Jarrett.

United States. Government Printing Office

2007
Cartels and the U.S. Heroin Epidemic: Combating Drug Violence and Public Health Crisis, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere, Transnational Crime, Civilian Security, Democracy, Human Rights, and Global Women's Issues of the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, Second Session, May 26, 2016

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This testimony compilation is from the May 26, 2016 hearing on "Cartels and the U.S. Heroin Epidemic: Combating Drug Violence and Public Health Crisis," before the United States Senate Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere, Transnational Crimes, Civilian Security, Democracy, Human Rights, and Global Women's Issues of the Committee on Foreign Relations. From the testimony of Daniel L. Foote: "Chairman Rubio, Senator Boxer, and distinguished Members of the Subcommittee: thank you for the opportunity to appear before you to discuss U.S. government efforts to combat the production and trafficking of heroin and the violence and instability it brings to our communities, our citizens, and the world in which we live. The flow of illicit narcotics across our shared border with Mexico threatens citizen security in both countries. Recognizing that we have a shared responsibility to address common challenges, in 2007, the United States forged a comprehensive security partnership with Mexico. Through the Merida Initiative, we work in partnership with Mexico to build the capacity of Mexican institutions to counter organized crime, uphold the rule of law, and protect our shared border from the movement of illicit drugs, money, and goods. The need for effective collaboration is now more important than ever. Heroin and fentanyl-laced heroin is a public health crisis in the United States, and Mexican drug trafficking organizations are the primary suppliers of heroin to the United States. We must aggressively respond to this growing threat in concert with our broader work through the Merida Initiative to counter all illicit drugs and to end the impunity with which trafficking organizations are able to operate, putting their leaders in jail, seizing their weapons, drugs, and money, and dismantling their illicit businesses." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Daniel L. Foote, Kemp Chester, Teresa Jacobs, and Steven Dudley.

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations

2016-05-26
Law of Armed Conflict, the Use of Military Force, and the 2001 Authorization for Use of Military Force, Hearing Before the Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, First Session, May 16, 2013

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This is the May 16, 2013 hearing on "Law of Armed Conflict, the Use of Military Force, and the 2001 Authorization for Use of Military Force" held before the Senate Committee on Armed Services. From the opening statement of Chairman Carl Levin: "Today's hearing will examine the legal basis for the use of military force in accordance with the law of armed conflict, including the use of drones. We have asked our witnesses to help us consider a number of questions including: What is the continuing vitality of the 2001 AUMF a dozen years after its enactment? How will we know when the current conflict is over? Does the AUMF extend to organizations which played no active role in the September 11 attacks and may not have even existed in 2001? Should the AUMF be extended or modified by legislation to cover groups not associated with al Qaeda? What is the legal basis for military action in countries like Yemen and Somalia which are far away from Afghanistan where the September 1 attacks were planned? What is the legal basis for drone strikes and should drone strikes be treated any differently than other uses of lethal military force? To what extent is it appropriate for U.S. Government entities, other than the U.S. Armed Forces, to use lethal force against al Qaeda and other terrorist organizations? Does the Law of Armed Conflict and/or the AUMF apply to any such use of force, for instance, by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)? Are the issues different if the individual or individuals being targeted are U.S. citizens who have joined an enemy force? What if that U.S. citizen is part of an armed attack from inside the United States, for instance, against a U.S. military facility? What is the role of Congress in overseeing the use of lethal force? How can the process be made more transparent without compromising sensitive national security information?" Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Rosa Brooks, Geoffrey Corn, Jack Goldsmith, Michael K. Nagata, Kenneth Roth, Michael A. Sheehan, Charles Stimson and Robert S. Taylor.

United States. Government Printing Office

2014
Status of the U.S. Army and U.S. Marine Corps in Fighting the Global War on Terrorism, Hearing Before the Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, One Hundred Ninth Congress, First Session, June 30, 2005

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From the opening statement of John Warner: "The past 31⁄2 years have been a time of great successes and enormous challenges for the U.S. Armed Forces. The U.S. Armed Forces--Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, and Active and Reserve components--have performed magnificently in the months following the attacks of September 11, 2001. The mission of our men and women in uniform to defend the Nation has never been executed with better skill or dedication. The rapid military successes of Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan and Operation Iraqi Freedom have evolved into the hard work of reconstruction and stability operations necessary to ensure peace and security in these troubled regions. Such important work brings new challenges, including the extraordinarily high operational tempo on people and equipment, the technological challenges of countering asymmetric threats such as improvised explosive devices, the demands of transforming the Armed Forces for future threats, and the responsibility of the Nation to properly care for those who volunteer to serve Active, Reserve, National Guard, and retired--and their families. Since September 11, our Nation has been at war, and the men and women of the Armed Forces and their families have been equal to the task. [...] Such a high operational tempo raises issues and concerns that must be understood and addressed. The first of these concerns is recruiting. We are concerned about recent reports regarding the challenges faced in military recruiting. [...] A second issue is retention. The Services have done a great job of retaining experienced officers and noncommissioned officers, but there are warning signs." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: David S.C. Chu, Richard B. Myers, Peter J. Schoomaker, Michael W. Hagee, John Warner, and Carl Levin.

United States. Government Printing Office

2006
Prospects for Afghanistan's 2014 Elections, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Near Eastern and South and Central Asian Affairs of the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, First Session, May 21, 2013

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This is the May 21, 2013 hearing on "Prospects for Afghanistan's 2014 Elections," held before the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations, Subcommittee on Near Eastern and South and Central Asian Affairs. From the opening statement of Robert P. Casey: "While these elections are almost a year away, preparations must begin now, given that their outcome will determine the success or failure of the international effort in Afghanistan. Simply put, the stakes could not be higher. These elections come at a pivotal time. A full-fledged security transition from international forces to Afghan forces is already underway. The United States is deliberating troop levels post-2014 and negotiating a bilateral security agreement with the Afghan Government. The success of the security transition depends in large part on political stability and whether a majority of the Afghan people see their next government as legitimate and acceptable. If not, we can expect ongoing political strife and possibly a return to civil war. That is why preparing for successful and credible elections must be one of our top priorities in Afghanistan." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Sarah Chayes, Max Boot, David Pearce, David Sedney and Andrew Wilder.

United States. Government Printing Office

2014
Active, Guard, Reserve, and Civilian Personnel Programs: Hearing Before U.S. Senate Committee on Armed Services, Subcommittee on Personnel, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, Second Session, March 26, 2014

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This is a compilation of the March 26, 2014 hearing on "Active, Guard, Reserve, and Civilian Personnel Programs" held before the Senate Subcommittee on Personnel. Testimonies in this hearing discuss topics such as "key personnel and manpower matters in support of the President's Fiscal Year (FY) 2015 budget request," the quality of life of military families, military retirement pay and health care benefits, and potential cuts to the U.S. Army Reserve Force. Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Robert F. Hale, Jessica L. Wright, Jonathan A. Woodson, Frederick E. Vollrath, Richard O. Wightman, Michael F. Hayden, Kathleen B. Moakler, John R. Davis, and Marshall Hanson.

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Armed Services

2014-03-26
Maintaining First Amendment Rights and Public Safety in North Minneapolis: An After-Action Assessment of the Police Response to Protests, Demonstrations, and Occupation of the Minneapolis Police Department's Fourth Precinct

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From the executive summary: "This COPS [Community Oriented Policing Services] Office Critical Incident Review (CIR) of the 18-day occupation of the front lawn and the street in front of the MPD [Minneapolis Police Department] Fourth Precinct, completed by the Police Foundation, provides a comprehensive overview of the occupation from the perspectives of the MPD, elected leaders, demonstrators, and community members. The CIR identifies findings and recommendations as they relate to the response in Minneapolis, but apply more generally to civil disturbances across the nation. While the authors understand the unique set of circumstances that surround the protests and occupation of the Fourth Precinct, they also understand that the decision-making framework for the police response to this incident can and should be reviewed within the context of other significant incidents to identify important lessons that can be applied if a similar event occurs in another city, as well as to critical incidents more generally. The findings and recommendations in this report center on leadership; command and control; response to civil disorder; accountability and transparency; internal communications; public information and media; use of force; intelligence gathering; training; equipment and tools for managing demonstrations; officer safety, wellness, and resilience; and community engagement and relationships."

United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services

Straub, Frank G.; Aden, Hassan; Brown, Jeffrey, 1961- . . .
Assessing the Transition in Afghanistan, Hearing Before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, First Session, July 11, 2013

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"This is the July 11, 2013 hearing on 'Assessing The Transition In Afghanistan,' held before the U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. From the opening statement of Robert Menendez: 'Today's hearing on Afghanistan comes none too soon. With 63,000 U.S. troops still based there and the upcoming political and security transitions in 2014 just around the corner, now is the time to take stock of our efforts and make any necessary changes. Most importantly, given recent speculation about our intentions, this means the United States needs to make clear once again that we are committed to a long-term partnership with Afghanistan. Period. Let me be clear because I believe this is a fundamental point. As long as the Afghan people and their government want the United States as a partner, we do not intend to leave Afghanistan. Our goal, our clear intent is to stay committed with both security and civilian assistance post-2014.' Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Sarah Chayes, James Dobbins, Stephen Hadley, Peter R. Lavoy and Ahmad Nader Nadery."

United States. Government Printing Office

2014
Testimony on Whether the Chief, National Guard Bureau, Should Be a Member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Hearing Before the Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, First Session, November 10, 2011

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This is the November 10, 2011 hearing on "Whether the Chief, National Guard Bureau, Should be a Member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff" held before the U.S. Senate Committee on Armed Services. From the opening statement of Carl Levin: "The question of whether to include the CNGB [Chief, National Guard Bureau] as a member of the JCS [Joint Chiefs of Staff] is a complex issue with significant policy implications. To properly address this issue requires an understanding of the role of the National Guard, the role of the JCS, and the role of the CNGB. I believe that we have the right witnesses before us today to help us understand all aspects of this issue." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: James F. Amos, Martin E. Dempsey, Jonathan W. Greenert, Jeh C. Johnson, Craig R. McKinley, Raymond T. Odierno, Norton A. Schwartz, and James A. Winnefeld, Jr.

United States. Government Printing Office

2012
Department of Defense Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2018, Hearing Before the Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifteenth Congress, Second Session, May 22, 2017

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This is the March 22, 2017 hearing on the "Department of Defense Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2018," held before the U.S. Senate Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations. From the opening statement of Thad Cochran: "Today, we are receiving an update on military readiness and defense budget matters. We are pleased to welcome to the committee the Honorable James N. Mattis, Secretary of Defense, and General Joseph Dunford, Jr., Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: James N. Mattis and Joseph Dunford, Jr.

United States. Government Publishing Office

2017-03-22
Staying Afloat: Examining the Resources and Priorities of the U.S. Coast Guard, Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Oceans, Atmosphere, Fisheries, and Coast Guard of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, First Session, April 28, 2015

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This is the April 28, 2015 hearing on "Staying Afloat: Examining the Resources and Priorities of the U.S. Coast Guard," held before the United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. From the opening statement of Dan Sullivan, "The Coast Guard's mission is to ensure the safety, security, and stewardship of our Nation's waters, a daunting task that covers the largest system of ports, waterways, and coastal seas in the world. The Coast Guard more than admirably performs this mission on a daily basis with a team of less than 90,000 members, comprised of active duty, reserve, civilian, and volunteer forces, and an annual budget of less than $10 billion and a fleet of aging vessels and aircraft. Admiral, I think as you know, as I have said before, prior to 9/11, in my view, the Coast Guard was the only one of our military services whose members were risking their lives literally on a daily, if not hourly, basis. Your heroic efforts continue. Please, I think one thing we want to get out of this committee is to make sure you thank all your members for their fantastic service." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Paul F. Zukunft.

United States. Government Publishing Office

2015
Comparison of Averted and Completed School Attacks from the Police Foundation Averted School Violence Database

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"In 2014, the U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS Office) and the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) provided funding to the Police Foundation to initiate the Averted School Violence (ASV) project. Through this project, the Police Foundation developed a database (Police Foundation 2018) to collect, analyze, and publish (in an online library [Police Foundation 2018b]) incidents of averted and completed acts of school violence that have occurred since the attack on Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado, on April 20, 1999. The data are drawn from the public domain as well as from law enforcement, school officials, and others entering reports into the database. The database is intended to serve as a resource to law enforcement, schools, mental health professionals, and others involved in preventing school violence by sharing ways in which other school attacks across the country have been identified and prevented. In this report, 51 completed and 51 averted incidents of school violence, drawn from the ASV database, were analyzed to help further our understanding of averted and completed school attacks. The report also seeks to provide important lessons about how school violence can be prevented."

United States. Department of Justice. Office of Community Oriented Policing Services

Straub, Frank G.; Langman, Peter

2019
United States Strategic Command, United States Northern Command, and United States Southern Command Programs and Budget, Hearing before the Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, Second Session, March 10, 2016

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This testimony compilation is from the March 10, 2016 hearing on "United States Strategic Command, United States Northern Command, and United States Southern Command Programs and Budget" before the Senate Committee on Armed Services. From the statement of Cecil E. D. Haney: "While today, the Nation's strategic nuclear deterrent force remains safe, secure, effective and ready, we are working diligently to improve the resilience, responsiveness, credibility and flexibility of our operational plans and capabilities. USSTRATCOM [United States Strategic Command] is focused on deterring strategic attack, providing assurance to our allies and partners, and providing warfighting solutions to other Combatant Commands and partners across the spectrum of operations. While executing our global responsibilities, we continue to forge enduring partnerships with agencies and organizations across the U.S. government, academia, commercial industry, and Allied nations. [...] Much remains to be done to sustain and modernize the foundational nuclear deterrent force that we need to protect the Nation from existential threats in an increasingly uncertain and unpredictable environment. We must continue to meet critical investment timelines to ensure that aging platforms and weapons systems do not reach the point at which their viability becomes questionable. [...] Maintaining and improving comprehensive strategic deterrence, assurance and escalation control requires a multi-faceted, long-term approach to investing in strategic capabilities and a renewed, multi-generational commitment of intellectual capital. As I look at trends in the security environment, continued long term investment is needed to ensure that current progress transitions into long-term success." Statements, letters, and materials submitted for the record include those of the following: Cecil E. D. Haney, William E. Gortney, and Kurt W. Tidd.

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Armed Services

2016-03-10

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